WO2013088920A1 - 冷凍ストレス耐性を有する酵母 - Google Patents
冷凍ストレス耐性を有する酵母 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013088920A1 WO2013088920A1 PCT/JP2012/080058 JP2012080058W WO2013088920A1 WO 2013088920 A1 WO2013088920 A1 WO 2013088920A1 JP 2012080058 W JP2012080058 W JP 2012080058W WO 2013088920 A1 WO2013088920 A1 WO 2013088920A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT, e.g. PRESERVATION, OF FLOUR OR DOUGH, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS; PRESERVATION THEREOF
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
- A21D8/047—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with yeasts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/37—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi
- C07K14/39—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts
- C07K14/395—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from fungi from yeasts from Saccharomyces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/18—Baker's yeast; Brewer's yeast
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
- C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of yeast breeding. Furthermore, the present invention relates to baker's yeast having high resistance to freezing stress, a method for producing the yeast, a method for producing bread dough using the yeast, bread and the like, and products produced by these production methods.
- the bakery industry and the yeast manufacturing industry are working on environmental stresses that are imposed on baker's yeast during bread making and limit fermentation, and many of them try to solve the problem by creating baker's yeast that is resistant to these environmental stresses. ing.
- N-acetyltransferase Mpr1 protects yeast from oxidative stress such as heat shock, hydrogen peroxide treatment, ethanol, and low temperature (Non-Patent Documents 2 to 4), and yeast that efficiently expresses mutant Mpr1 It is known to have resistance to drying and high temperature (Patent Document 3).
- Non-patent Document 5 CBS2 gene deficiency leads to drought stress sensitivity
- DBF2 gene disruption causes sorbitol stress sensitivity
- Non-patent Document 6 genes related to aromatic amino acid synthesis
- High-sucrose stress tolerance is significantly impaired in disrupted strains (such as ARO1), and BUD23, GON7, and SPT20 gene-disrupted strains are highly sensitive to high sucrose stress
- Non-patent Document 7 dephosphorylation of phosphate proteins It has been known that high sucrose stress tolerance is enhanced in an OCA1 gene or OCA2 gene encoding a phosphatase that uses phosphorylation as a substrate, or a disrupted strain of the ALD2 gene (Patent Document 4).
- frozen dough stress resistance and high sucrose stress resistance are increased in a disrupted strain of the ATH1 gene encoding acid trehalase (Patent Document 5), and a disrupted strain of the CAR1 gene encoding arginase It is known that a large amount of highly polar amino acids are accumulated to increase the resistance to freezing stress (Patent Document 6), and that the frozen stress resistance is impaired by a disrupted strain of PMR1 gene or SNF5 gene (Non-Patent Document 8). .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and the purpose thereof is a yeast that can sufficiently maintain a fermenting power even in a frozen environment that is an environmental stress of yeast fermentation in a frozen dough breadmaking method, that is, sufficient It is to provide a yeast having high resistance to freezing stress, to provide a method for breeding such yeast, and to provide a bread dough and a method for producing bread using such yeast.
- the present inventors focused on the POG1 gene. It is known in laboratory yeast strains that a POG1 gene overexpression strain exhibits a phenotype resistant to lithium chloride (Demae et al., FEMS microbiol. Lett., 277, 70-78 (2007)). The present inventors have found that the ability of yeast to resist refrigeration stress can be enhanced by inactivating the POG1 gene in yeast, and have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention has the following configuration.
- a yeast with enhanced resistance to freezing stress wherein the POG1 gene is inactivated.
- the POG1 gene is composed of any of the following polynucleotides: (A) a polynucleotide encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a protein having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (C) a polynucleotide encoding a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acid residues are deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (D) a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; (E) a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a polynucleotide comprising a base sequence complementary to the polynucleotide
- the POG1 gene comprises any of the following polynucleotides: (A) a polynucleotide encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a protein having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (C) a polynucleotide encoding a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acid residues are deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (D) a polynucleotide comprising the base sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2; (E) a polynucleotide that hybridizes under stringent conditions with a polynucleotide comprising a base sequence complementary to the polynucleotide of any one of (a) to (d) above.
- a yeast strain that is more resistant to freezing stress can be easily obtained. Furthermore, according to the present invention, a predetermined yeast strain can be simply made into a frozen stress resistant strain. For this reason, the yeast of this invention is suitable for manufacture of frozen bread dough etc.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for producing a POG1 gene disruption strain.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing experimental results for confirming the production of a POG1 gene disrupted strain.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of comparison of fermentative power under non-stress conditions and stress conditions. a) is non-stressed, b) is thawed 1 week after freezing stress, and c) is the amount of carbon dioxide generated per fermentation time (mL) under the conditions of thawing 3 weeks after freezing stress. Wild represents a wild strain, POG1 represents a POG1 gene highly expressing strain, and ⁇ pog1 represents a POG1 gene disrupted strain.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for producing a POG1 gene disruption strain.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing experimental results for confirming the production of a POG1 gene disrupted strain.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the results of comparison of fermentative power under non-stress
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the results of comparison of fermentation power under stress conditions.
- the ratio of the carbon dioxide generation amount under freezing stress conditions to the carbon dioxide generation amount under non-stress conditions of the wild strain (Wild) is set to 100, and the POG1 gene high expression strain (POG1) and the POG1 gene disruption strain ( ⁇ pog1) are frozen.
- POG1 gene high expression strain (POG1) and the POG1 gene disruption strain ( ⁇ pog1) are frozen.
- a relative comparison with the rate of change in carbon dioxide generation before and after stress is shown.
- a) is the result of thawing 1 week after freezing stress
- b) is the result of thawing conditions 3 weeks after freezing stress.
- the base and amino acid notation uses the one-letter notation or the three-letter notation determined by IUPAC and IUB as appropriate.
- protein is used interchangeably with “peptide” or “polypeptide”.
- polynucleotide is also used interchangeably with “gene”, “nucleic acid” or “nucleic acid molecule” and is intended to be a polymer of nucleotides.
- the gene may be present in the form of DNA (eg, cDNA or genomic DNA) or RNA (eg, mRNA). DNA or RNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded.
- Single-stranded DNA or RNA may be a coding strand (sense strand) or a non-coding strand (antisense strand).
- the gene may be chemically synthesized, and the codon usage may be changed so that expression of the encoded protein is improved. Of course, it is possible to replace codons that encode the same amino acid.
- DNA having an arbitrary base sequence based on the degeneracy of the genetic code is included.
- yeast refers to a fungus that passes most life cycles in a single cell.
- Representative yeasts include yeasts belonging to the genus Saccharomyces and Schizosaccharomyces, in particular Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces ludwigii, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
- bake yeast refers to a yeast belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae used for bread production and used for bread production.
- sucrose concentration (%) refers to the relative concentration of sucrose with respect to the flour in the material to be fermented, unless specifically stated, more specifically 100 g flour. Refers to the number of grams of sucrose added to
- freeze stress refers to freezing yeast at 0 ° C. or lower. Any temperature below 0 ° C. can be used as long as the yeast is frozen.
- freezing stress resistance refers to a characteristic of a yeast that exhibits a higher fermenting power compared to wild-type yeast under freezing stress conditions. Typically, as to whether or not the mutant yeast has “freezing stress tolerance”, the fermentative power under freezing stress is determined using the amount of carbon dioxide generated by the yeast as an index.
- “fermentation power” refers to the ability to produce a metabolite obtained by anaerobically degrading carbohydrates when yeast is cultured.
- yeast fermentation includes, but is not limited to, alcohol fermentation, glycerol fermentation, and the like.
- an index indicating the fermenting power for example, a method of measuring the fermenting power of the bread dough by using a machine called a farmograph that measures the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the yeast in the bread dough can be used.
- the OD 600 can be used carbon dioxide gas amount of yeast will occur it is 100 as ml / 100OD 600, but is not limited thereto.
- indices other than those described above include, but are not limited to, fermenting power (F10) under low sugar conditions, fermenting power (F40) under high sugar conditions, and maltose fermenting power (Fm).
- seed dough includes not only materials used for bread fermentation but also “seed dough” added to bread dough.
- seed dough refers to a seed (starter) that is added to perform fermentation of bread dough, and includes a dough that contains at least a part of the fungi necessary for fermentation and compounded raw materials.
- fixation refers to a phenomenon in which at least a part of substances in a compounded raw material is degraded by bacteria.
- activation of a gene refers to gene disruption (eg, Methods in enzymology, 194, 281-301 (1991)), introduction of a transposable element into a gene (eg, Methods in enzymology, 194, 342-361 (1991)), introduction and expression of gene antisense genes (for example, JP 7-40943, 23rd ⁇ European Brewery Conv. Proc., 297-304 (1991)), for silencing near the gene Introduction of DNA involved (eg, Cell, 75, 531-541 (1993)), treatment of an antibody against the polypeptide encoded by the gene (eg, European J. Biochem., 231, 329-336 (1995)), etc. It means to reduce or inactivate a function inherent to a gene or a polypeptide encoded by the gene using a genetic engineering technique or a biotechnological technique.
- stringent conditions refers to conditions under which a so-called base sequence-specific double-stranded polynucleotide is formed and a non-specific double-stranded polynucleotide is not formed.
- the hybridization can be carried out in a general hybridization buffer at 68 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the temperature is 60 to 68 ° C., preferably 65 ° C., more preferably 68 ° C.
- Other examples include 25% formamide, 50% formamide under more severe conditions, 4 ⁇ SSC (sodium chloride / sodium citrate), 50 mM HEPES pH 7.0, 10 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, high containing 20 ⁇ g / ml denatured salmon sperm DNA. After prehybridization is performed overnight in a hybridization solution at 42 ° C., a labeled probe is added, and hybridization is performed by incubation at 42 ° C. overnight. The cleaning solution and temperature conditions in the subsequent cleaning are about “1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 37 ° C.”, and more severe conditions are about “0.5 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, 42 ° C.”.
- sequences refers to the degree of identity of two or more sequences with respect to each other.
- identity refers to the degree of two or more comparable sequences with respect to each other (individual nucleic acids, amino acids, etc.). Therefore, the higher the homology between two genes, the higher the sequence identity or similarity.
- similarity refers to the degree of identity of two or more gene sequences to each other when conservative substitutions are considered to be the same in the above homology. .
- Whether two genes have homology can be determined by direct comparison of the sequences or, in the case of nucleic acids, hybridization methods under stringent conditions. Comparison of the identity and homology of amino acid sequences and base sequences can be determined by FASTA search and BLAST search which are tools for sequence analysis.
- the POG1 gene is inactivated.
- the POG1 gene encodes a protein Pog1 having a molecular weight of about 39 kDa, as estimated from the DNA sequence.
- a transcription factor Maria, A. et al., Genetics, 151; 531-543 (1999)
- the DNA binding characteristic of transcription factors on the amino acid sequence Since the motif is not found and there is no report that it actually controls gene transcription, its function remains unclear.
- no gene having homology at the deduced amino acid sequence level has been found in all living species, not only yeast.
- the POG1 gene was obtained as a multicopy suppressor that complements the stress sensitivity of the yeast ubiquitin ligase Rsp5 mutant, it is known in laboratory yeast strains that an overexpressing strain of the gene exhibits a lithium chloride resistant phenotype ( Demae et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 277, 70-78 (2007)), it was completely unexpected that the inactivation of the POG1 gene resulted in an improvement in freezing stress tolerance.
- the POG1 gene is not particularly limited as long as it is defined as described above, but preferably comprises any of the following polynucleotides: (A) a polynucleotide encoding the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (B) a polynucleotide encoding a protein having 80% or more homology with the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1; (C) a polynucleotide encoding a protein comprising an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acid residues are deleted, substituted, inserted and / or added in the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the polynucleotide (b) has a certain degree of homology with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the certain homology is at least 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more, further preferably 95%, 96%, 97%, 98 with the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 1. %, 99%, 99.5% or more sequence identity.
- the number of amino acids that may be deleted, substituted, or added is not limited as long as the function is not lost, but site-directed mutagenesis, etc.
- the number that can be deleted, substituted, or added by a known mutagenesis method is within 30 amino acids, preferably within 20 amino acids, more preferably within 10 amino acids, and most preferably within 5 amino acids (for example, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 amino acids).
- Whether or not a protein into which a mutation has been introduced imparts a desired trait to yeast can be determined by inactivating a gene encoding the protein and examining whether or not the yeast has enhanced resistance to freezing stress.
- the “mutation” here means a mutation artificially introduced mainly by site-directed mutagenesis or the like, but may be a similar naturally occurring mutation.
- the amino acid residue to be mutated is preferably mutated to another amino acid that preserves the properties of the amino acid side chain.
- hydrophobic amino acids A, I, L, M, F, P, W, Y, V
- hydrophilic amino acids R, D, N, C, E, Q, G, H, K, S, T
- amino acids having aliphatic side chains G, A, V, L, I, P
- amino acids having hydroxyl group-containing side chains S, T, Y
- sulfur atom-containing side chains An amino acid (C, M) having a carboxylic acid and an amide-containing side chain (D, N, E, Q), an amino acid having a base-containing side chain (R, K, H), an aromatic-containing side chain
- the amino acid (H, F, Y, W) which has can be mentioned.
- aliphatic amino acids L, I, V
- aromatic amino acids H, W, Y, F
- charged amino acids D, E, R, K, H
- positively charged amino acids R, K, H
- negatively charged amino acids D, E
- hydrophobic amino acids H, W, Y, F, M, L, I, V, C, A, G, T, K
- polar amino acids T, S, N, D, E, Q, R, K, H, W, Y
- small amino acids P, V, C, A, G, T, S, N, D
- minute amino acids A, G, S
- large (non-small) amino acids Q, E, R, K, H, W, Y, F, M, L, I).
- all the inside of the said parenthesis represents the single letter mark of an amino acid.
- polypeptide having an amino acid sequence modified by deletion, addition and / or substitution with other amino acids of one or more amino acid residues to a certain amino acid sequence maintains its biological activity. Yes. Furthermore, the target amino acid residue is more preferably mutated to an amino acid residue having as many common properties as possible.
- the polynucleotide (e) is at least 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more in homology with the polynucleotide (d) (base sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2). More preferably, it has 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or more sequence identity.
- the yeast is not particularly limited, but is preferably a yeast belonging to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, more preferably a baker's yeast, and still more preferably a diploid baker's yeast.
- such yeast has resistance to freezing stress, and in the presence of freezing stress, the yeast has an enhanced fermenting power compared to a wild strain that does not inactivate the POG1 gene. ing.
- yeast with enhanced resistance to freezing stress of the present invention may have a POG1 gene inactivated by natural mutation.
- the method for producing yeast with enhanced resistance to freezing stress according to the present invention includes a step of inactivating the POG1 gene using a gene recombination technique.
- the method for inactivating the POG1 gene in yeast is to destroy the gene (for example, Methods in enzymology, 194, 281-) as long as the function of the POG1 gene or the protein Pog1 encoded by the POG1 gene is reduced or inactivated.
- 301 (1991) introduction of transposable elements into genes (eg, Methods in enzymology, 194, 342-361 (1991)), introduction and expression of antisense genes (eg, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-40943, 23rd European) Brewery Conv.
- yeast used for inactivation of POG1 gene
- yeast which belongs to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, More preferably, it is baker's yeast.
- POG1 gene disruption refers to the introduction of a DNA that has a homologous base sequence to the POG1 gene, but has a mutation such as addition, deletion, substitution, etc. and cannot function as the POG1 gene into a yeast cell. It means that the mutation is introduced and this mutation is incorporated into a gene on the genome.
- DNA used for gene disruption for example, a gene that complements low-temperature sensitivity is cleaved with a restriction enzyme or the like, and DNA is added, deleted, substituted, or the like.
- the method of mutating with (in vitro mutagenesis) is used.
- a method of adding or replacing DNA a method of inserting a marker gene or the like may be used.
- any part such as the promoter part, open reading frame (ORF) part, and terminator part of the POG1 gene may be destroyed, or the parts may be destroyed in combination.
- the gene can also be destroyed by deleting the entire POG1 gene.
- a plasmid or plasmid fragment for disrupting the POG1 gene is transformed into yeast, and the DNA fragment contained in the transformed plasmid or plasmid fragment is transformed into a gene on the yeast genome. And can be performed by causing homologous recombination.
- the POG1 gene disruption plasmid or fragment thereof and the POG1 gene on the yeast genome should be homologous to the extent that homologous recombination can occur. Whether it is a DNA fragment that causes homologous recombination can be determined by introducing the DNA fragment into yeast and isolating the strain that has undergone homologous recombination, that is, whether or not a strain whose fermentation power exhibits resistance to freezing stress can be isolated. Can be confirmed.
- vectors that can be maintained in yeast such as YEp, YCp, YIp, etc., as well as vectors that can be maintained in E. coli, for example, Any of pGEM-T, pUC, pBluescript, etc. may be used.
- the marker gene if it is a marker gene that can be used in yeast, for example, a gene that complements an auxotrophic mutation such as URA3, TRP1, LEU2, and HIS3, a chemical substance such as G418, hygromycin B, cerulenin, and parafluorophenylalanine Any gene such as J. Ferment. Bioeng., 76, 60-63 (1993), Enzyme and Microb. Technol., 15, 874-876 (1993), etc. may be used.
- the disruption of the POG1 gene on the yeast genome can be performed by transforming the yeast with a plasmid for disrupting the POG1 gene.
- yeast transformation methods commonly used in the field of genetic engineering or biotechnology, such as the spheroplast method (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 1929 (1978)), the lithium acetate method (J. Bacteriol., 153, 163 (1983), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75, 1929 (1978)), electroporation method (Methods. Enzymol., 194, 182 (1990)) and the like.
- transformants By introducing a marker gene into the plasmid for disrupting the POG1 gene, transformants can be easily isolated using the marker as an index. Moreover, a transformant can also be isolated by using as an index that fermenting power is enhanced under freezing stress when the POG1 gene on the yeast genome is disrupted. Confirmation of the freezing stress tolerance of the strain in which the POG1 gene is disrupted can be performed by examining the fermentative power of the yeast under freezing stress.
- the above-mentioned POG1 gene disruption strain is preferably made by a self-cloning technique which consists entirely of yeast genes and does not contain any foreign genes. This is because yeast produced by the self-cloning technique can be handled in the same manner as normal food microorganisms.
- a marker gene such as URA3 to be introduced is preferably Saccharomyces cerevisiae, particularly baker's yeast, in order to achieve self-cloning.
- the POG1 gene disruption strain can also be obtained by selecting from among the yeasts that have been subjected to mutation treatment. That is, in the method of the present invention, the POG1 gene may be disrupted by mutation treatment.
- the method of the mutation treatment is not particularly limited, and any of physical mutation treatment such as ultraviolet irradiation and radiation irradiation and chemical mutation treatment in which treatment is performed with a mutation agent such as ethylmethanesulfonic acid may be used.
- a POG1 gene disruption strain can be selected from among the mutant strains obtained by the mutation treatment, using as an index the enhancement of fermentation power under freezing stress.
- the yeast according to the present invention is preferably diploid.
- a diploid homozygous mutant of the POG1 gene can be obtained by a known conventional method. For example, (1) haploid mutants of POG1 gene are prepared from different mating haploids (a type and ⁇ type), and these haploid mutants are crossed to produce a diploid mutant. And (2) using two different selectable markers, introducing a mutation into the first allele using the first selectable marker, and then using the mutant strain to introduce a second selectable marker Methods of using and introducing mutations to the second allele, but are not limited thereto.
- yeast with enhanced resistance to freezing stress can be produced.
- the yeast of the present invention has an inactivated POG1 gene and is extremely excellent in resistance to freezing stress, particularly in freezing bread dough. Therefore, the baker's yeast according to the present invention can effectively exhibit its ability when it is well-tolerated and fermented with frozen stress in a frozen dough, and various delicious breads can be obtained when baked.
- the frozen dough according to the present invention may be produced in accordance with a conventional method except that the frozen stress-resistant baker's yeast in which the POG1 gene is inactivated is used, and the bread is also produced in the frozen stress resistant in which the POG1 gene is inactivated. Other than using baker's yeast, it may be carried out according to a conventional method.
- POG1 + URA3-Fw primer having a nucleic acid sequence (CCTGCGCTTAACTCATACAAAAAGGCGCAAAACATTTCAAGAGTCCCACGATTAATTGCAGAAATTGAAAgattcggtaatctccgag: SEQ ID NO: 5) as a forward primer in which a part of the POG1 gene is added to the 5 ′ end using the amplified fragment as a template, and the POG1 gene at the 5 ′ end
- the POG1 gene disruption fragment was amplified using a POG1 + URA3-Rv primer having a nucleic acid sequence (TGAACTGAAGTAAGGTGGACGGATGCATCGAATGAAGGTTAGGAAGGGATATAGTTTTAGAAATTAGGTGgtaataactgatataattaaattg: SEQ ID NO: 6) as a reverse primer with a part added.
- the amplified fragment was transformed into baker's yeast haploid uracil-requiring strains (3346 Ura3-, 3347Ura3-), and the POG1 gene disruption strain was isolated using uracil non-requiring as an indicator. It was confirmed by PCR using a POG1upstream-Fw primer (TTAAAGGCTACGCAGAAGAGG: SEQ ID NO: 7) and a URA3ORF-Rv primer (GGCCTCTAGGTTCCTTTGTTACTTC: SEQ ID NO: 8) that a POG1 gene-disrupted strain was produced.
- a diploid strain was prepared by joining POG1 gene-disrupted strains prepared in a haploid of each of a-type and ⁇ -type. The production of a diploid strain was confirmed by sporulation on a sporulation medium (0.05% glucose, 0.1% yeast extract, 1% potassium acetate, 2% agar).
- the baked yeast diploid strain in which the POG1 gene was disrupted had a fermentative power in frozen dough of about 56% after 1 week and about 72% after 3 weeks compared to the wild strain. it was high. From this, it was shown that POG1 gene disruption is a suitable method for producing frozen dough-resistant practical baker's yeast.
- the yeast of the present invention it is possible to isolate a yeast that exhibits a high fermentative power even under freezing stress conditions. By using such a yeast, it is possible to increase the efficiency of fermentation in a frozen environment such as a frozen dough baking method, which has heretofore been difficult to perform sufficient fermentation.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、アミノ酸の1つであるプロリンは、冷凍や乾燥・酸化等のストレスから酵母を防御する性質を有し(特許文献1)、変異型のγ-グルタミルキナーゼをコードするPRO1遺伝子を発現し、プロリンオキシダーゼをコードするPUT1遺伝子の破壊株が細胞にプロリンを蓄積することでエタノール耐性となることが知られている(特許文献2)。
また、N-アセチルトランスフェラーゼMpr1は、酵母を、熱ショック、過酸化水素処理、エタノール、および低温などの酸化ストレスから防御し(非特許文献2から4)、変異型Mpr1を効率よく発現した酵母が乾燥、高温に対する耐性を有することが知られている(特許文献3)。
その他にも、CBS2遺伝子の欠損により、乾燥ストレス感受性になること(非特許文献5)、DBF2遺伝子の破壊により、ソルビトールストレス高感受性になること(非特許文献6)、芳香族アミノ酸合成関連の遺伝子(ARO1など)の破壊株で高ショ糖ストレス耐性が著しく損なわれ、BUD23、GON7、SPT20の遺伝子破壊株が高ショ糖ストレスに高い感受性を示すこと(非特許文献7)、リン酸タンパク質の脱リン酸化を基質とするホスファターゼをコードするOCA1遺伝子またはOCA2遺伝子、あるいはALD2遺伝子の破壊株では高ショ糖ストレス耐性が高まること(特許文献4)等が知られている。
冷凍ストレス耐性に関しては、酸性トレハラーゼをコードするATH1遺伝子の破壊株で冷凍生地ストレス耐性及び高ショ糖ストレス耐性が高まること(特許文献5)、アルギナーゼをコードするCAR1遺伝子の破壊株で、細胞内に極性の高いアミノ酸が著量蓄積され、冷凍ストレス耐性が高まること(特許文献6)、PMR1遺伝子またはSNF5遺伝子の破壊株で冷凍ストレス耐性が損なわれること(非特許文献8)等が知られている。
(2)POG1遺伝子が以下のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドからなる、上記(1)に記載の酵母:
(a)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において1又は数個以上のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、挿入及び/または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2に記載の塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド;
(e)上記(a)~(d)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドと相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド。
(3)前記酵母はパン酵母である、上記(1)~(2)のいずれかに記載の酵母。
(4)上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の酵母を用いる、パン生地の製造方法。
(5)上記(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の酵母を用いる、パンの製造方法。
(6)POG1遺伝子を不活性化する工程を含む冷凍ストレス耐性が増強された酵母の作製方法。
(7)POG1遺伝子が以下のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドからなる、上記(6)に記載の方法:
(a)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において1又は数個以上のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、挿入及び/または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2に記載の塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド;
(e)上記(a)~(d)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドと相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド。
(8)上記(6)または(7)に記載の方法であって、さらに、
POG1遺伝子を不活性化した酵母とPOG1遺伝子を不活性化していない酵母とを冷凍ストレス耐性について比較する工程、
を包含する方法。
(9)上記(8)に記載の方法であって、さらに、
冷凍ストレス耐性の向上した酵母を選択する工程、
を包含する方法。
以下に本明細書において特に使用される用語の定義を列挙する。
本明細書において「酵母」とは、大部分の生活環を単細胞で経過する菌類をいう。代表的な酵母としては、Saccharomyces属、Schizosaccharomyces属に属する酵母、特にSaccharomyces cerevisiae、Saccharomyces ludwigii、およびSchizosaccharomyces pombeが挙げられる。
本発明における酵母では、POG1遺伝子が不活性化されている。POG1遺伝子は、DNA配列から推定すると、分子量約39kDaのタンパク質Pog1をコードしている。これまで転写因子として酵母の細胞周期制御に関わるという報告があるが(Maria, A. et al., Genetics, 151;531-543 (1999))、アミノ酸配列上に転写因子の特徴であるDNA結合モチーフは見出されず、実際に遺伝子の転写を制御しているという報告もないため、その機能は未だに不明のままである。またこれまでに、推定アミノ酸配列レベルで相同性のある遺伝子は、酵母のみならず、すべての生物種で見つかっていない。POG1遺伝子は酵母ユビキチンリガーゼRsp5変異株のストレス感受性を相補するマルチコピーサプレッサーとして取得され、同遺伝子の過剰発現株が塩化リチウム耐性の表現型を示すことが実験室酵母株で知られているが (Demae et al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 277, 70-78 (2007)) 、POG1遺伝子の不活性化によって冷凍ストレス耐性の向上が得られたことは全く予想外であった。
(a)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において1又は数個以上のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、挿入及び/または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド。
(d)配列番号2に記載の塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド;
(e)上記(a)~(d)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドと相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド。
本発明の冷凍ストレス耐性が増強された酵母の作製方法は遺伝子組換え技術を用いて、POG1遺伝子を不活性化させる工程を含む。
POG1遺伝子を破壊するには、例えば、POG1遺伝子を破壊するためのプラスミドあるいはプラスミドの断片を酵母に形質転換し、形質転換されたプラスミドあるいはプラスミドの断片に含まれるDNA断片が酵母のゲノム上の遺伝子と相同組換えを起こすことによって行うことができる。相同組換えを起こすDNA断片としては、POG1遺伝子の破壊用プラスミドまたはその断片と酵母のゲノム上のPOG1遺伝子とが、相同組換えを起こせる程度に相同性を持っていればよい。相同組換えを起こすDNA断片であるかどうかは、該DNA断片を酵母に導入し、相同組換えを起こした株が分離できるかどうか、すなわち発酵力が冷凍ストレス耐性を示す株が分離できるかどうかで確認することができる。
マーカー遺伝子としては、酵母において用いることのできるマーカー遺伝子であれば、例えばURA3、TRP1、LEU2、HIS3等の栄養要求性変異を相補する遺伝子、G418、ヒグロマイシンB、セルレニン、パラフルオロフェニルアラニン等の化学物質に対する耐性遺伝子(例えば、J. Ferment. Bioeng., 76, 60-63 (1993)、Enzyme and Microb. Technol., 15, 874-876 (1993))等など、いずれを用いてもよい。
本発明の酵母は、POG1遺伝子が不活性化されており、冷凍ストレス耐性、特に冷凍パン生地における冷凍ストレス耐性にきわめてすぐれている。したがって、本発明に係るパン酵母は、冷凍パン生地において、冷凍ストレスによく耐え、発酵させたときに、良くその能力を発揮し、これを焼き上げたときに、美味な各種パンを得ることができる。本発明に係る冷凍生地は、POG1遺伝子が不活性化された冷凍ストレス耐性パン酵母を使用するほかは、定法にしたがって製造すればよく、パンの製造もPOG1遺伝子が不活性化された冷凍ストレス耐性パン酵母を使用するほかは、定法にしたがっておこなえばよい。
POG1遺伝子破壊株の作製法を図1に示す。URA3遺伝子領域を増幅するために、正方向プライマーとして核酸配列(CTAGGGAAGACAAGCAACGAAACG:配列番号3)を有するURA3up-Fwプライマー、および、逆方向プライマーとして核酸配列(GGGCGGGTTATCAGATATTATCAGG:配列番号4)を有するURA3down-Rvプライマーを用いた。S.cerevisiaeのパン酵母株の染色体DNAを鋳型としてこれらプライマー対を用いて、URA3遺伝子領域を増幅した。増幅断片を鋳型として、5‘末端にPOG1遺伝子の一部を付加した正方向プライマーとして核酸配列(CCTGCGCTTAACTCATACAAAAAGGCGCAAAACATTTCAAGAGTCCCACGATTAATTGCAGAAATTGAAAgattcggtaatctccgag:配列番号5)を有するPOG1+URA3-Fwプライマー、および、同じく5‘末端にPOG1遺伝子の一部を付加した逆方向プライマーとして核酸配列(TGAACTGAAGTAAGGTGGACGGATGCATCGAATGAAGGTTAGGAAGGGATATAGTTTTAGAAATTAGGTGgtaataactgatataattaaattg:配列番号6)を有するPOG1+URA3-Rvプライマーを用いて、POG1遺伝子破壊用断片を増幅した。増幅断片をパン酵母一倍体ウラシル要求性株(3346 Ura3-、3347Ura3-)に形質転換し、POG1遺伝子破壊株を、ウラシル非要求性を指標に単離した。POG1遺伝子破壊株が作製されたことを、POG1upstream-Fwプライマー(TTAAAGGCTACGCAGAAGAGG:配列番号7)およびURA3ORF-Rvプライマー(GGCCTCTAGGTTCCTTTGTTACTTC:配列番号8)を用いるPCRによって確認した。a型とα型それぞれの一倍体において作製したPOG1遺伝子破壊株同士を接合させることにより二倍体株を作製した。二倍体株が作製出来たことは、胞子形成培地上(0.05%グルコース、0.1%Yeast extract、1%酢酸カリウム、2%寒天)での胞子形成により確認した。
実施例1において作製した変異株の冷凍ストレス耐性の評価を行った。
野生株、POG1遺伝子破壊株、およびPOG1遺伝子高発現株を、廃糖蜜培地(5.88%廃糖蜜、0.214%尿素、0.051%リン酸二水素カリウム)で定常期まで培養した後培養した細胞を、磁器乾燥版(ニッカトー株式会社)を使用して、含水量が66%になるまで脱水した。この酵母をパン生地用小麦粉100gに対して5gのショ糖、2gの塩化ナトリウム、水68mLを含む高糖パン生地に4g加えた。これら混合物をスワンソンタイプミキサー(National Mfg. Co., Ltd.)を用いて100rpmで3分間攪拌した後、40gずつに小分けし、スクリューキャップボトルに封をして入れ、30℃、120分間の前発酵を行い、その後パン生地ごと―20℃で冷凍した。冷凍後1及び3週間後、30℃で30分間解凍した後、炭酸ガス発生量をファーモグラフII(アトー株式会社)にて測定した。結果をそれぞれ図3b)、c)および図4a)、b)に示す。また、冷凍を行わずに前発酵後すぐに炭酸ガス発生量を測定した結果は図3a)に示す。
Claims (9)
- POG1遺伝子が不活性化されていることを特徴とする、冷凍ストレス耐性が増強された酵母。
- POG1遺伝子が以下のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドからなる、請求項1に記載の酵母:
(a)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において1又は数個以上のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、挿入及び/または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2に記載の塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド;
(e)上記(a)~(d)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドと相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド。 - 前記酵母はパン酵母である、請求項1~請求項2のいずれかに記載の酵母。
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の酵母を用いる、パン生地の製造方法。
- 請求項1~請求項3のいずれかに記載の酵母を用いる、パンの製造方法。
- POG1遺伝子を不活性化する工程を含む冷凍ストレス耐性が増強された酵母の作製方法。
- POG1遺伝子が以下のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドからなる、請求項6に記載の方法:
(a)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(b)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列と80%以上の相同性を有するタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(c)配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列において1又は数個以上のアミノ酸残基が欠失、置換、挿入及び/または付加されたアミノ酸配列からなるタンパク質をコードするポリヌクレオチド;
(d)配列番号2に記載の塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチド;
(e)上記(a)~(d)のいずれかのポリヌクレオチドと相補的な塩基配列からなるポリヌクレオチドとストリンジェントな条件でハイブリダイズするポリヌクレオチド。 - 請求項6または7に記載の方法であって、さらに、
POG1遺伝子を不活性化した酵母とPOG1遺伝子を不活性化していない酵母とを冷凍ストレス耐性について比較する工程、
を包含する方法。 - 請求項8に記載の方法であって、さらに、
冷凍ストレス耐性の向上した酵母を選択する工程、
を包含する方法。
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Cited By (1)
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WO2018207779A1 (ja) * | 2017-05-09 | 2018-11-15 | 株式会社カネカ | 新規パン酵母 |
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CA2857622C (en) | 2019-08-27 |
US20140377408A1 (en) | 2014-12-25 |
EP2792740A1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
CA2857622A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
EP2792740B1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
JPWO2013088920A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
JP6032652B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
EP2792740A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
US9510601B2 (en) | 2016-12-06 |
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