WO2013084455A1 - 熱交換器及びそれを備える空気調和機 - Google Patents
熱交換器及びそれを備える空気調和機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013084455A1 WO2013084455A1 PCT/JP2012/007703 JP2012007703W WO2013084455A1 WO 2013084455 A1 WO2013084455 A1 WO 2013084455A1 JP 2012007703 W JP2012007703 W JP 2012007703W WO 2013084455 A1 WO2013084455 A1 WO 2013084455A1
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- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- heat transfer
- air conditioner
- inner diameter
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat exchanger using a combustible refrigerant and an air conditioner including the heat exchanger.
- HFC hydrofluorocarbon
- HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
- R32, R290, R1234yf etc. are mentioned as a refrigerant
- these refrigerants are flammable or weakly flammable, and there is a risk of ignition or explosion when leaked.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4209860
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4209860
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4209860
- the capacity of the heat exchanger is impaired by gradually reducing the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube on the liquid side of the heat exchanger used as a condenser so as to change the temperature along the saturated liquid line.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 4209860
- the capacity of the heat exchanger is impaired by gradually reducing the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube on the liquid side of the heat exchanger used as a condenser so as to change the temperature along the saturated liquid line.
- the prior art is a narrowing technique suitable when the heat exchanger functions as a condenser.
- the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the inner diameter of the pipe of the heat transfer tube is set to a saturated liquid line.
- the pressure loss increases by gradually reducing the temperature so as to change the temperature along the line, and the performance of the heat exchanger decreases.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger capable of suppressing a decrease in performance of a heat exchanger even when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, and an air conditioner including the heat exchanger.
- the present invention is a fin-and-tube heat exchanger using a flammable refrigerant and having a multi-row multi-stage tube arrangement of two or more rows, In the same row, heat transfer tubes having the same pipe inner diameter are arranged, and when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the amount of change in saturation temperature is substantially the same as when R410A is used as the flammable refrigerant,
- the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube through which the combustible refrigerant having a low dryness flows is configured to be smaller than the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube through which the combustible refrigerant having a high dryness flows.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention can reduce the amount of refrigerant used in the heat exchanger without degrading the performance of the heat exchanger.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger provided in the air conditioner of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the temperature change characteristics of the refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger when R410A is used as the refrigerant.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship among the pipe inner diameter, dryness, and standard boiling point of each refrigerant shown in Table 2.
- the heat exchanger according to the present invention is a fin-and-tube heat exchanger using a flammable refrigerant and having a multi-row multi-stage tube arrangement of two or more rows, In the same row, heat transfer tubes having the same pipe inner diameter are arranged, and when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the amount of change in saturation temperature is substantially the same as when R410A is used as the flammable refrigerant,
- the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube through which the combustible refrigerant having a low dryness flows is configured to be smaller than the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube through which the combustible refrigerant having a high dryness flows.
- the heat transfer tube through which the flammable refrigerant having a low dryness flows is arranged on the inlet side of the combustible refrigerant, and the heat transfer tube through which the flammable refrigerant having a high dryness flows is arranged on the outlet side of the combustible refrigerant.
- it is.
- the heat exchanger is configured such that when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, the flow of the combustible refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger and the air flow are opposed to each other. Thereby, the amount of refrigerant to be used can be further reduced without degrading the performance of the heat exchanger.
- the flammable refrigerant it is preferable to use a single refrigerant or a mixture of two components or a mixture of three components so that the global warming potential is 3 or more and 750 or less. Thereby, it can contribute to prevention of global warming.
- an air conditioner includes a compressor that compresses the combustible refrigerant, and as refrigerating machine oil used in the compressor, polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycol or the like Synthetic oils mainly composed of copolymers of monoethers and polyvinyl ethers, polyol esters, and polycarbonates, synthetic oils mainly composed of alkylbenzenes or ⁇ -olefins, or mineral oils Is preferably used. Thereby, while contributing to prevention of global warming, it can contribute to the improvement of the reliability of an air conditioner.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the air conditioner of the present embodiment is an air conditioner that uses a combustible refrigerant as a refrigerant.
- a combustible refrigerant for example, in addition to a natural refrigerant such as R290, a weakly flammable or slightly flammable refrigerant such as HFO1234yf, HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, R32, or a mixed refrigerant thereof is used. Can be used.
- the air conditioner of the present embodiment includes an indoor unit 21 installed indoors and an outdoor unit 22 installed outdoors.
- the indoor unit 21 and the outdoor unit 22 are connected by a liquid side connection pipe 23 and a gas side connection pipe 24.
- the outdoor unit 22 includes a compressor 1 that compresses refrigerant, a four-way valve 2 that switches a refrigerant circuit (refrigerant path) during cooling and heating operation, an outdoor heat exchanger 3 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and outside air, A throttling device 4 for reducing the pressure of the refrigerant that has passed through the heat exchanger 3 is provided.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is a fin-and-tube heat exchanger.
- the indoor unit 21 is provided with an indoor heat exchanger 5 that exchanges heat between the refrigerant and room air.
- the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the expansion device 4, and the indoor heat exchanger 5 are connected in an annular shape.
- the indoor unit 21 is provided with an indoor fan 7 that promotes heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the indoor heat exchanger 5 and the indoor air.
- the outdoor unit 22 is provided with an outdoor fan 8 that promotes heat exchange between the refrigerant flowing in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the outside air.
- the compressor 1 compresses the refrigerant to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 through the four-way valve 2 and dissipates heat by promoting heat exchange with the outside air by the outdoor fan 8 to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant is sent to the expansion device 4 and depressurized to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant is sent into the indoor heat exchanger 5 through the liquid connection pipe 23.
- the two-phase refrigerant sent into the indoor heat exchanger 5 is heat-exchanged with the indoor air sucked into the indoor heat exchanger 5 by the indoor fan 7, and is evaporated and evaporated by absorbing the heat of the indoor air. It becomes a low-temperature gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant returns to the compressor 1 through the gas side connection pipe 24 and the four-way valve 2.
- the room air whose temperature has been lowered by absorbing heat by the two-phase refrigerant is blown into the room by the indoor fan 7 to cool the room.
- the compressor 1 compresses the refrigerant to generate a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 5 through the four-way valve 2 and the gas connection pipe 24, and is heat-dissipated and condensed by exchanging heat with the indoor air sucked by the indoor fan 7. Becomes a refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant is sent to the expansion device 4 through the liquid connection pipe 23.
- the indoor air whose temperature has increased by absorbing the heat of the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is blown into the room by the indoor fan 7 to heat the room.
- the liquid refrigerant sent to the expansion device 4 is decompressed by the expansion device 4 and becomes a low-temperature low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant is sent to the outdoor heat exchanger 3, evaporates by promoting heat exchange with the outside air by the outdoor fan 8, and returns to the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing temperature characteristics when R410A is used as a refrigerant.
- the refrigerant temperature decreases toward the downstream side in the refrigerant flow direction.
- the refrigerant evaporates in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the dryness increases.
- the inside of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is saturated except for the vicinity of the outlet. That is, the refrigerant temperature decreasing as it goes downstream in the refrigerant flow direction indicates that the pressure in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is decreasing due to pressure loss.
- FIG. 3 shows an example in which R410A is used as the refrigerant, but the pressure loss changes depending on the physical properties of the refrigerant.
- the relationship between the saturation temperature and the saturation pressure varies depending on the type of refrigerant. That is, even if the pressure loss is the same, the change in saturation temperature varies depending on the physical properties and type of the refrigerant. For this reason, the structure of a suitable heat exchanger changes with refrigerants to be used.
- the difference between the air temperature and the refrigerant temperature is one of the factors that determine the performance of the heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant temperature distribution when a refrigerant other than R410A is used uses R410A. It is considered that the distribution should be approximately the same as the refrigerant temperature distribution. In other words, even when a refrigerant other than R410A is used, by configuring the heat exchanger so that the saturation temperature distribution is equivalent to that when R410A is used, the same performance as when R410A is used can be obtained. It is thought that it is obtained.
- the pressure loss in the heat exchanger is estimated.
- the pressure loss of each refrigerant can be expressed by a Fanning equation.
- the Blasius equation expressed by Equation 2 was used.
- Equation 3 the pipe flow velocity V can be expressed by Equation 3.
- the refrigerant density ⁇ and the kinematic viscosity ⁇ in the two-phase state can be expressed by equations 4 and 5.
- X represents the degree of dryness.
- the pressure loss varies depending on the physical properties of the refrigerant, and the relationship between the saturation temperature and the saturation pressure varies depending on the type of the refrigerant. For this reason, in order to make the distribution of the saturation temperature of each refrigerant the same as the distribution of the saturation temperature of R410A, it is necessary to know the change of the saturation temperature per pressure change of each refrigerant.
- Table 1 shows the saturation temperature change ( ⁇ TREF) per pressure change of each refrigerant.
- Table 1 shows the saturation temperature change ( ⁇ TREF) per pressure change near the evaporation temperature.
- the evaporation temperature is 1.5 ° C.
- Equation 6 the amount of change ( ⁇ Tsat) in the saturation temperature of each refrigerant when the pressure change (pressure loss) is ⁇ P can be expressed by Equation 6.
- Equation 7 the amount of change in saturation temperature ( ⁇ TR410A) in the heat exchanger can be expressed as a function of dryness as shown in Equation 7.
- ⁇ TR410A indicates the amount of change in the saturation temperature in the heat exchanger when R410A is used as the refrigerant.
- X indicates the dryness.
- ⁇ Tsat of each refrigerant is set to be approximately the amount of change in saturation temperature ( ⁇ TR410A) shown in Equation 7. What is necessary is just to comprise.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger 30 provided in the air conditioner according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the heat exchanger 30 may be used as the outdoor heat exchanger 3 or the indoor heat exchanger 5.
- the heat exchanger 30 includes a large number of fins 28.
- a large number of fins 28 are arranged substantially in parallel at regular intervals, and are provided so that air flows between them.
- a large number of heat transfer tubes (also referred to as pipes) 29 are inserted into the large number of fins 28.
- the large number of heat transfer tubes 29 are arranged in three rows. That is, the heat exchanger 30 has a multi-row multi-stage tube arrangement of two or more rows.
- the heat transfer tubes 29 arranged in the same row have the same pipe inner diameter.
- the heat exchanger 30 is configured such that when the heat exchanger 30 functions as an evaporator, the refrigerant flow and the air flow are opposed to each other, that is, the counterflow.
- the pipe inner diameter d1 of the first heat transfer tube having a low dryness located on the refrigerant inlet side has two rows whose dryness is larger than that of the first heat transfer tube. It is configured to be smaller than the pipe inner diameter d2 of the heat transfer tube of the eye. Further, the pipe inner diameter d2 of the second row heat transfer tube is configured to have a dryness smaller than the pipe inner diameter d3 of the third row heat transfer tube larger than the second row heat transfer tube.
- the pipe inner diameters d1, d2, and d3 are calculated for each refrigerant so that the performance of the heat exchanger equivalent to that when the R410A is used is obtained. And the result of having verified the relationship between the magnitude
- each of the pipe inner diameters d1, d2, and d3 per pass is 3.5 m
- the capacity of the fin-and-tube heat exchanger 30 is 4000 W.
- Table 2 shows the calculation results of the pipe inner diameters d1, d2, and d3 for each refrigerant under these calculation conditions.
- the pipe inner diameter increases as the dryness increases in any refrigerant. That is, it is understood that the relationship between the pipe inner diameters of the respective refrigerants is preferably d1 ⁇ d2 ⁇ d3.
- the dryness of the refrigerant inlet is about 0.1, and the dryness of the refrigerant outlet is 1.0. Therefore, here, when the pipe inner diameters of the heat transfer tubes of the heat exchanger are configured to be the same, the saturation temperature at a dryness of 0.55, which is the average of the dryness of the refrigerant outlet and the dryness of the refrigerant inlet
- a heat transfer tube having a pipe inner diameter equivalent to the amount of change ( ⁇ TR410A) is used.
- R32 is used as the refrigerant
- heat transfer with a pipe inner diameter of 4.9 mm corresponding to a dryness of 0.55 in Table 2 is used.
- the dryness of the heat transfer tubes in the first row is about 0.1 to 0.3.
- the dryness of the heat transfer tubes is assumed to be about 0.3 to 0.7, and the dryness of the heat transfer tubes in the third row is assumed to be about 0.7 to 1.0.
- the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger is made smaller as the dryness becomes smaller, the pipe inner diameter equal to the amount of change in saturation temperature ( ⁇ TR410A) at the average dryness of each row.
- the heat transfer tubes in the first row have a pipe inner diameter of 4.1 mm to 4.4 mm when the dryness is 0.1 to 0.3.
- An average heat transfer tube with a pipe inner diameter of 4.25 mm is used.
- the pipe inner diameter corresponding to the heat transfer tubes in the second row is 4.4 mm to 5.4 mm when the dryness is 0.3 to 0.7, the average pipe inner diameter is 4.9 mm.
- the heat transfer tubes in the third row have a pipe inner diameter of 5.4 mm to 9.4 mm corresponding to a dryness of 0.7 to 1.0. Is used.
- the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer pipe is set for each refrigerant to be used, and the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer pipe is reduced as the dryness decreases as the refrigerant amount and the pipe inner diameter of all the heat transfer pipes are configured to be the same.
- Table 3 shows the result of comparison with the amount of refrigerant when configured.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship among the pipe inner diameter, dryness, and standard boiling point of each refrigerant shown in Table 2. From FIG. 4, it can be seen that a heat transfer tube having a smaller pipe inner diameter is appropriate as the standard boiling point becomes lower.
- the smaller the dryness the smaller the pipe inner diameter of the heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger, so that even when the heat exchanger functions as an evaporator, The amount of refrigerant used in the heat exchanger can be reduced without reducing the performance.
- the heat exchanger 30 is comprised so that the flow of a refrigerant
- the amount of refrigerant to be used can be further reduced without degrading the performance of the heat exchanger.
- the refrigerating machine oil used in the compressor 1 is any of polyoxyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, poly (oxy) alkylene glycol or copolymers of its monoether and polyvinyl ether, polyol esters, and polycarbonates.
- a synthetic oil mainly composed of such an oxygen-containing compound can be used.
- a synthetic oil mainly composed of alkylbenzenes or ⁇ -olefins may be used as the refrigerating machine oil used in the compressor 1. Thereby, it can contribute to the improvement of the reliability of an air conditioner.
- a combustible refrigerant for example, a natural refrigerant such as R290, or a weakly flammable or slightly flammable refrigerant such as R1234yf or R32
- a heat exchanger that can use a safe and low GWP refrigerant can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
同列には同じ配管内径を有する伝熱管を配置し、前記熱交換器が蒸発器として機能するとき、飽和温度の変化量が前記可燃性冷媒としてR410Aを使用した場合と略同等になるように、乾き度の小さな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径を、乾き度の大きな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径よりも小さく構成されている。
同列には同じ配管内径を有する伝熱管を配置し、前記熱交換器が蒸発器として機能するとき、飽和温度の変化量が前記可燃性冷媒としてR410Aを使用した場合と略同等になるように、乾き度の小さな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径を、乾き度の大きな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径よりも小さくなるように構成されている。これにより、熱交換器が蒸発器として機能する場合にも、熱交換器の性能を低下させることなく、熱交換器に使用する冷媒量を低減することができる。
先ず、本発明の空気調和機の一例について、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、本発明の実施形態にかかる空気調和機の概略構成図である。
31 空気
32 可燃性冷媒
d1 1列目の伝熱管の配管内径
d2 2列目の伝熱管の配管内径
d3 3列目の伝熱管の配管内径
Claims (5)
- 可燃性冷媒を使用し、2列以上の多列多段の管配列を有するフィンアンドチューブ型の熱交換器であって、
同列には同じ配管内径を有する伝熱管を配置し、前記熱交換器が蒸発器として機能するとき、飽和温度の変化量が前記可燃性冷媒としてR410Aを使用した場合と略同等になるように、乾き度の小さな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径を、乾き度の大きな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管の配管内径よりも小さく構成した、熱交換器。 - 乾き度の小さな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管は、当該可燃性冷媒の入口側に配置され、乾き度の大きな可燃性冷媒が流れる伝熱管は、当該可燃性冷媒の出口側に配置されている、請求項1に記載の熱交換器。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の熱交換器を備える空気調和機であって、
前記熱交換器は、当該熱交換器が蒸発器として機能するとき、当該熱交換器を流れる可燃性冷媒の流れと空気の流れが対向するよう構成されている、空気調和機。 - 前記可燃性冷媒として、地球温暖化係数が3以上750以下となるように、単一冷媒又は2成分を混合もしくは3成分を混合した冷媒を用いる、請求項3に記載の空気調和機。
- 前記空気調和機は、前記可燃性冷媒を圧縮する圧縮機を備え、前記圧縮機に用いる冷凍機油として、ポリオキシアルキレングリコール類、ポリビニルエーテル類、ポリ(オキシ)アルキレングリコールもしくはそのモノエーテルとポリビニルエーテルとの共重合体、ポリオールエステル類、及びポリカーボネート類のいずれかの含酸素化合物を主成分とする合成油、アルキルベンゼン類もしくはαオレフィン類を主成分とする合成油、又は、鉱油を用いる、請求項3又は4に記載の空気調和機。
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KR1020147005483A KR20140103249A (ko) | 2011-12-08 | 2012-11-30 | 열교환기 및 그것을 구비하는 공기 조화기 |
CN201280042751.9A CN103765131A (zh) | 2011-12-08 | 2012-11-30 | 热交换器和具备该热交换器的空气调节机 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2015021683A (ja) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
CN104359251A (zh) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | 蒸发器及冷风机 |
WO2023188387A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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KR20230168821A (ko) | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-15 | 임종봉 | R410a가스 절연변압기 |
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- 2012-11-30 WO PCT/JP2012/007703 patent/WO2013084455A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2012-11-30 KR KR1020147005483A patent/KR20140103249A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2012-11-30 JP JP2013548081A patent/JPWO2013084455A1/ja active Pending
- 2012-11-30 CN CN201280042751.9A patent/CN103765131A/zh active Pending
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JP2015021683A (ja) * | 2013-07-22 | 2015-02-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
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WO2023188387A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-31 | 2023-10-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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CN103765131A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
JPWO2013084455A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
KR20140103249A (ko) | 2014-08-26 |
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