WO2013081000A1 - 電解加工工具及び電解加工システム - Google Patents
電解加工工具及び電解加工システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013081000A1 WO2013081000A1 PCT/JP2012/080732 JP2012080732W WO2013081000A1 WO 2013081000 A1 WO2013081000 A1 WO 2013081000A1 JP 2012080732 W JP2012080732 W JP 2012080732W WO 2013081000 A1 WO2013081000 A1 WO 2013081000A1
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- electrode
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- hole
- electrolytic
- tip
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
- B23H3/06—Electrode material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
- B23H7/265—Mounting of one or more thin electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
- B23H9/16—Making holes using an electrolytic jet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/10—Working turbine blades or nozzles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic processing tool that melts and processes a workpiece by energizing an electrode and the workpiece through an electrolytic solution, and an electrolytic processing system including the electrolytic processing tool.
- Drilling of difficult-to-cut materials that are difficult to machine is generally performed by electrolytic machining or electrical discharge machining.
- an electrolytic processing method is used when drilling a difficult-to-cut material having a high aspect ratio.
- cooling holes are formed for circulating a cooling medium to cool the turbine blades.
- the shape of the cooling holes is curved along the geometric shape of the turbine blade.
- the conventional electrolytic machining method for turbine blades is suitable for forming a straight hole, it is difficult to form a curved hole, that is, a curved hole. Therefore, when forming a cooling hole in the turbine blade, a pseudo bent hole is formed by forming and connecting two straight holes.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a bent hole processing apparatus devised to process a bent hole.
- the machining amount is made different at the circumferential position of the machining electrode tool by covering with an insulating member except for a part of the surface of the machining electrode tool.
- the machining electrode tool advances to the side where the machining amount is large, whereby a bent hole is formed.
- the traveling direction is determined by the difference in the processing amount between the portion covered with the insulating member on the surface of the machining electrode tool and the portion not covered. Therefore, the formation direction of the bent hole cannot be arbitrarily adjusted. That is, since the area of the surface covered with the insulating member on the surface of the electrode tool for processing and the portion not covered are fixed, the difference in the processing amount cannot be made variable, and the desired curvature can be obtained. It was difficult to form a bent hole.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object thereof is to provide an electrolytic machining tool and an electrolytic machining system capable of easily forming a curved hole having a desired curvature.
- the electrolytic processing tool is made of a flexible conductive material having a cylindrical shape extending along an axis, and an electrode through which an electrolytic solution flows toward the tip side, And a tool body having an insulating layer coated on an outer peripheral surface of the electrode so as to expose a tip end surface of the electrode, and the electrolyte solution that circulates inside the electrode at a part of a circumferential position of the tool body.
- a fluid lead-out portion is formed to lead the head toward the radially outer side of the tool body.
- the workpiece is melted and the machining hole is formed by passing an electric current between the tip surface of the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole of the workpiece through the electrolytic solution. Deeper processing.
- the electrolytic solution flowing inside the electrode is led out from the tip of the electrode, and a part thereof is led out from the fluid lead-out portion toward the radially outer side of the tool body.
- the electrolytic solution led out from the fluid lead-out portion gives a fluid action force to the inner surface of the machining hole, so that the reaction force is given to the tool body.
- the tool body is displaced so as to bend in the direction of the reaction force, and the current density distribution between the tip surface of the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole is locally increased according to the amount of displacement.
- the machining amount on the side where the tool body is displaced by the reaction force at the circumferential position of the tool body increases.
- the amount of displacement of the tool body is determined by adjusting the flow rate of the electrolyte. Can do.
- the fluid lead-out portion of the electrolytic processing tool is a hole portion that penetrates the electrode and the insulating layer in the radial direction.
- the fluid lead-out portion of the electrolytic processing tool may be a cutout portion cut out from the front end to the rear end side of the tool body.
- the fluid action force can be surely exerted on the inner surface of the machining hole as described above, the reaction force can be obtained with certainty.
- the fluid outlet part is a hole, the change in the fluid acting force and reaction force on the inner surface of the machining hole due to the change in the flow rate of the electrolyte is small, so fine adjustment of the curvature of the bent hole is easy. It can be carried out.
- a non-insulating portion in which the outer peripheral surface of the electrode is exposed to the outside in the radial direction is formed on the opposite side of the axis of the fluid outlet portion at the circumferential position of the tool body. It is preferable.
- energization occurs between the portion where the outer peripheral surface of the electrode is exposed and the inner surface of the machining hole.
- the current density distribution on the side where the non-insulating portion is formed at the position can be further increased.
- the amount of processing on the side where the non-insulating portion is formed can be increased, so that the processing hole is processed deeper toward the side where the processing amount is larger, thereby forming a bent hole that is more bent. It becomes possible to form.
- the thickness of the portion on the opposite side across the axis of the fluid lead-out portion may be set larger than the thickness of the portion on the fluid lead-out portion side in the circumferential position of the electrode.
- the electrolytic processing tool may further include a tip lid portion made of a conductive material that closes the tip opening of the electrode.
- the workpiece is melted by the energization between the tip lid connected to the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole, and the machining hole is formed deeper.
- the tip lid portion is provided in this way, the amount of electrolyte solution derived from the fluid outlet portion increases, so that the fluid acting force and reaction force on the inner surface of the machining hole can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to easily create a bent hole having a particularly large curvature.
- the tip lid portion of the electrolytic processing tool is laminated on the tip surface so that a portion of the tip surface of the electrode on the fluid outlet portion side is exposed to the tip side.
- the tip lid portion is arranged to be biased to the opposite side of the fluid outlet portion at the circumferential position of the tool body, so that the current density distribution between the tip lid portion and the inner surface of the machining hole is Increases on the other side.
- the machining amount on the opposite side of the fluid lead-out portion at the circumferential position of the tool body increases, so that the bending hole is machined deeper toward the side with the larger machining amount, so that a more bent bent hole is formed. It becomes possible to form.
- the electrolytic processing tool is made of a flexible conductive material having a cylindrical shape extending along an axis, and an electrode through which an electrolytic solution flows toward the tip side, And an insulating layer coated only on the outer peripheral surface of the electrode so as to expose the tip end surface of the electrode, and a radially outer side from the outer peripheral surface of the insulating layer on a part of the tool body in the circumferential direction. It may be provided with a projecting portion that protrudes from the surface.
- the electrolytic machining tool having such a feature is such that the workpiece is melted by energization between the tip surface of the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole in the workpiece through the electrolytic solution, and the machining hole is processed deeper. It will be done.
- a part of the projection in the circumferential direction of the tool body comes into contact with the inner surface of the machining hole, so that a reaction force toward the opposite side of the projection acts on the tool body. To do.
- the tool body is displaced so as to bend in the direction of the reaction force, and the current density distribution between the tip end surface of the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole is locally increased according to the amount of displacement, so that the tool body is displaced.
- the processing amount on the side increases. Since the magnitude of the reaction force exerted on the tool body increases as the force pushing the electrode increases, the amount of displacement of the tool body can be determined by adjusting the force pushing the electrode.
- a non-insulating portion in which an outer peripheral surface of the electrode is exposed to the outside in the radial direction is formed in a portion on the opposite side across the axis of the convex portion at the tip of the tool body.
- the non-insulating part of the electrolytic processing tool is formed at a position spaced from the front end to the rear end side of the tool body.
- the electrolytic processing tool that proceeds in the processing hole is easy to contact the inner surface of the processing hole in the electrolytic processing tool, but in the present invention, the non-insulating part is formed at a position spaced from the front end to the rear end side.
- An insulating layer exists at the tip of the outer peripheral surface of the electrochemical machining tool. Therefore, it is possible to avoid the tip of the electrode in the electrolytic machining tool from directly contacting the inner surface of the machining hole, that is, the probability of contact between the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole can be reduced. Thereby, since the frequency of occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode and the inner surface of the processing hole can be reduced, the workability can be improved.
- a plurality of the non-insulating portions of the electrolytic processing tool are formed apart from each other in the axial direction. As a result, the frequency of short-circuiting between the electrode and the inner surface of the machining hole can be reduced while increasing the current density distribution.
- a plurality of the non-insulating portions are formed apart from each other in the circumferential direction. Also by this, the frequency of occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode and the inner surface of the processed hole can be reduced while increasing the current density distribution as described above.
- An electrolytic machining system includes any one of the above-described electrolytic machining tools, a guide portion that guides the electrolytic machining tool so as to be in a predetermined traveling direction with respect to a workpiece, and the electrolytic machining And a moving mechanism for advancing the tool.
- a machining hole can be formed in the workpiece at a desired position and at a desired angle. . Moreover, after the tool main body of the electrolytic processing tool is inserted into the formed processing hole, a bending hole having a desired curvature is formed by causing a difference in the processing amount at the circumferential position of the tool main body as described above. be able to.
- the machining amount on the side where the tool main body is displaced is increased by the reaction force of the electrolytic solution led out from the fluid lead-out portion.
- the machining hole is machined deeper toward the side where the machining amount is larger, the bent hole can be easily formed.
- the displacement amount of the tool body can be determined by adjusting the flow rate of the electrolytic solution, it is possible to easily form a curved hole having a desired curvature by changing the value of the flow rate.
- the amount of processing on the side where the tool main body is displaced increases due to the reaction force acting on the tool main body via the convex portion.
- the machining hole is machined deeper toward the side where the machining amount is larger, the bent hole can be easily formed.
- the amount of displacement of the tool body can be determined by adjusting the pushing force of the tool body, a bending hole having a desired curvature can be easily formed by changing the pushing force.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrolytic processing system according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the electrolytic processing tool which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the side view which looked at the electrolytic processing tool which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention from the hole side as a fluid derivation
- the electrolytic processing system 100 is an apparatus that forms a processed hole 203 as a curved bent hole in a workpiece 200.
- a turbine blade 201 of a gas turbine is used as the workpiece 200 and a cooling hole for cooling the turbine blade 201 is formed as the processing hole 203 will be described.
- the electrolytic processing system 100 includes a moving mechanism 1, a guide unit 3, and a plurality of electrolytic processing tools 10.
- the electrolytic processing system 100 may be configured to include only one electrolytic processing tool 10.
- the moving mechanism 1 has a role of moving the electrolytic machining tool 10 forward and backward with respect to the workpiece 200.
- the moving mechanism 1 of the present embodiment is disposed on the tip 202 side of a turbine blade 201 serving as a workpiece 200 and is configured to be movable back and forth with respect to the tip 202 of the turbine blade 201.
- the forward / backward movement of the moving mechanism 1 is performed by the output of a driving source such as an electric motor (not shown).
- the acceleration of the forward / backward movement of the moving mechanism 1, that is, the output of the driving source is controlled by a pushing force control device (not shown).
- the moving mechanism 1 has a plurality of gripping portions 2 that grip the rear end of the electrolytic processing tool 10 on the surface of the workpiece 200 side.
- the gripping part 2 has a cylindrical shape with a hollow inside, and the electrolytic processing tool 10 can be gripped by inserting the rear end of the electrolytic processing tool 10 into one end side of each gripping part 2. ing.
- the other end side of the grip portion 2 is connected to an electrolyte flow passage, and the electrolyte solution 204 (see FIG. 2) is supplied into the grip portion 2 through the electrolyte flow passage. .
- the supply amount of the electrolytic solution 204 can be arbitrarily adjusted by a flow control device (not shown).
- As the electrolytic solution 204 for example, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, saline, or the like is used.
- the guide unit 3 is disposed between the moving mechanism 1 and the tip (tip shroud) 202 of the turbine blade 201 that is the workpiece 200.
- the guide unit 3 guides the electrochemical machining tool 10 that is advanced and retracted by the moving mechanism 1 with respect to the tip 202 of the turbine blade 201 in a predetermined traveling direction.
- the guide portion 3 has a plurality of guide holes 4 that allow the moving mechanism 1 side and the workpiece 200 side to communicate with each other. An electrolytic machining tool 10 is inserted into each of the guide holes 4 from the moving mechanism 1 side toward the workpiece 200 side.
- the electrolytic machining tool 10 As the electrolytic machining tool 10 is advanced by the moving mechanism 1, the electrolytic machining tool 10 is electrolyzed at a desired position at the tip 202 of the turbine blade 201 and at a desired angle with respect to the tip 202 according to the arrangement of the guide hole 4.
- the processing tool 10 can be introduced.
- the electrolytic machining tool 10 is a tool for forming a machining hole 203 as a cooling hole in a turbine blade 201 as a workpiece 200 by electrolytic machining, and includes an electrode 20 and an insulating layer 30.
- a main body 10A is provided.
- the electrode 20 has a cylindrical shape (cylindrical in this embodiment) extending along the axis O, and is made of a flexible conductive material such as stainless steel, copper, titanium, or the like.
- the hollow portion on the inner peripheral side of the electrode 20 (inside the electrode 20) is in communication with the hollow portion of the grip portion 2 of the moving mechanism 1.
- the electrolytic solution 204 to be subjected to electrolytic processing flows through the electrode 20 from the rear end side (the moving mechanism 1 side) to the front end side (the workpiece 200 side). Yes.
- the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 has a flat shape perpendicular to the axis O.
- the insulating layer 30 is covered with the outer peripheral surface 23 of the electrode 20, and is made of, for example, a polyester-based resin having electrical insulating properties.
- the insulating layer 30 is covered over substantially the entire area in the circumferential direction of the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 20 and the axis O direction.
- the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 is not covered with the insulating layer 30, and the tip surface 21 is exposed to the outside so as to face the tip side of the tool body 10A.
- a fluid outlet 40 is formed at a part of the circumferential position, that is, at a part on one side in the diameter direction of the tool main body 10A.
- the fluid deriving unit 40 derives the electrolytic solution 204 flowing inside the electrode 20 toward the radially outer side of the tool body 10A.
- a hole 41 that penetrates the electrode 20 and the insulating layer 30 in the radial direction and communicates the inside and outside of the electrode 20 main body is employed as the fluid lead-out portion 40.
- the hole 41 as the fluid outlet 40 is formed at the tip of the electrode 20 body.
- the shape of the hole 41 as viewed from the radial direction of the tool body 10 ⁇ / b> A is preferably a rectangular shape having the circumferential direction as the longitudinal direction and the axis O direction as the short direction.
- the said shape of the hole 41 is not restricted to a rectangular shape, For example, other shapes, such as circular and square shape, may be sufficient.
- the movement is performed while sequentially supplying the electrolytic solution 204 into the electrolytic machining tool 10 guided by the guide portion 3.
- the mechanism 1 is gradually advanced toward the workpiece 200.
- the pushing force of the electrolytic processing tool 10 is adjusted by the pushing force control device while the flow rate of the electrolytic solution 204 is adjusted by the flow control device.
- the electrolytic solution 204 flowing through the electrode 20 in the electrolytic processing tool 10 is led out from the tip of the electrode 20, that is, the tip of the tool main body 10 ⁇ / b> A, and a space between the tool main body 10 ⁇ / b> A and the inner surface of the processing hole 203. Is filled with the electrolytic solution 204.
- a voltage is applied between the electrode 20 and the workpiece 200 by the energizing means (not shown) using the electrode 20 of the tool body 10A as a cathode and the workpiece 200 as an anode.
- current is generated between the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 of the workpiece 200 via the electrolytic solution 204, whereby the workpiece 200 is dissolved.
- the workpiece 200 is melted, and the machining hole 203 is machined deeper as the electrolytic machining tool 10 advances.
- the electrolytic solution 204 flowing inside the electrode 20 is led out from the tip of the electrode 20 and partly from the hole 41 as the fluid outlet 40. It is derived toward the radially outer side of the main body 10A. At this time, the electrolytic solution 204 derived from the hole 41 applies a fluid action force F1 to the inner surface of the machining hole 203, so that the reaction force F2 is applied to the tool body 10A in the direction opposite to the fluid action force F1.
- a reaction force F2 is exerted toward the other side in the diameter direction of the tool body 10A.
- the tool body 10A is displaced so as to bend in the direction of the reaction force F2.
- the tip of the tool body 10A is displaced in the direction of the reaction force F2, that is, the other side in the diameter direction. To do.
- the density distribution increases locally. Thereby, the machining amount on the side where the tool body 10A is displaced by the reaction force F2 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A increases.
- the processing hole 203 is processed deeper toward the side where the processing amount by the electrolytic processing tool 10 is large. Therefore, by sequentially pushing the electrolytic machining tool 10 by the moving mechanism 1, the electrolytic machining tool 10 advances toward the side where the machining amount is large, that is, the other side in the diameter direction. That is, the electrolytic machining tool 10 is bent so as to bend gradually toward the other side in the diameter direction as it advances inside the machining hole 203. Thereby, a bent hole can be easily formed.
- the magnitude of the reaction force F2 exerted on the tool main body 10A is a value corresponding to the flow rate of the electrolytic solution 204 flowing inside the electrode 20. That is, as the flow rate of the electrolytic solution 204 is increased, the flow rate of the electrolytic solution 204 led out from the hole 41 as the fluid lead-out unit 40 is also increased. Thereby, the displacement amount to the diameter direction other side of the front-end
- the hole 41 is employed as the fluid outlet portion 40, the electrolytic solution 204 is led out to the outside in the radial direction of the tool body 10A through the hole 41, so that the machining hole 203 is obtained.
- the fluid acting force F1 can be reliably exerted on the inner surface of the. This makes it possible to reliably obtain the reaction force F2.
- the electrolytic solution 204 is squeezed by the hole 41, the fluid acting force F1 and the reaction force F2 on the inner surface of the machining hole 203 can be easily increased, so that the tool body 10A can be greatly displaced. Therefore, it is possible to easily create a bent hole having a particularly large curvature.
- a non-insulating portion 50 is formed on the outer peripheral side of the tip portion of the tool body 10A. That is, the tool body 10A has an outer periphery of the electrode 20 on a portion on the opposite side across the axis O of the fluid lead-out portion 40 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A, that is, on the other side in the diameter direction of the tool body 10A.
- a non-insulating part 50 whose surface is exposed to the outside in the radial direction is formed.
- the non-insulating portion 50 is formed by cutting out the insulating layer 30 on the other side in the diameter direction of the electrode 20 main body.
- the insulating layer 30 has a circumferential direction as a long direction and an axis O direction as a short direction.
- the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 20 exposed to the outside in the radial direction in the non-insulating part 50 is connected to the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 via a cross ridge line.
- the electrolytic processing tool 18 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the electrolytic processing tool 18 of the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in the configuration of the non-insulating part 50.
- each non-insulating portion 50 has a quadrangular shape in which the portions of the insulating layer 30 spaced from the front end to the rear end side have a total of four sides: two sides extending in the axis O direction and two sides extending in the circumferential direction.
- the non-insulating part 50 has a rectangular shape in which two sides extending in the axis O direction are short sides and two sides extending in the circumferential direction are long sides.
- the four non-insulating portions 50 are arranged so that two in the axis O direction and two in the circumferential direction are adjacent to each other, that is, spaced apart in the axis O direction and separated in the circumferential direction. . In other words, the four non-insulating portions 50 are arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix.
- the tip of the electrolytic processing tool 18 traveling in the processing hole 203 easily comes into contact with the inner surface of the processing hole 203.
- the insulating layer 30 is formed at the front end of the outer peripheral surface of the electrolytic processing tool 18 by forming the non-insulating portion 50 at a position spaced from the front end to the rear end side. Will exist. Therefore, it can be avoided that the tip of the electrode 20 in the electrolytic processing tool 18 directly contacts the inner surface of the processing hole 203. Thereby, the contact probability between the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 can be reduced, and the frequency of occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 is decreased, so that the workability can be improved.
- a plurality of non-insulating portions 50 are formed apart from each other in the direction of the axis O, it is possible to reduce the frequency of occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 while increasing the current density distribution. Further, since the plurality of non-insulating portions 50 are formed apart from each other in the circumferential direction, similarly to the above, the frequency of short-circuiting between the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 can be reduced while increasing the current density distribution. it can.
- the non-insulating part 50 extending in a slit shape in the circumferential direction is separated from the front end of the tool body 10A to the rear end side, And the structure formed in multiple numbers (three in this modification) at intervals in the axis line O direction may be sufficient.
- the workability can be improved by increasing the current density while reducing the frequency of occurrence of a short circuit between the electrode and the inner surface of the processing hole.
- each non-insulating part 50 is not limited to a square shape, and various shapes such as a circle and a polygon can be adopted.
- the electrolytic processing tool 12 of the present embodiment is on the opposite side across the axis O of the fluid outlet 40 compared to the thickness of the portion on the fluid outlet 40 side in the circumferential position of the electrode 20.
- the thickness of the part is set larger. That is, the radial thickness of the electrode 20 in the electrode 20 main body of the electrolytic processing tool 12 is set larger on the other side in the diameter direction than on the one side in the diameter direction.
- the electrode 20 may be formed so that its radial thickness gradually increases from one side to the other side in the diametrical direction, or is formed so as to increase stepwise. Also good. Further, only the portion on one side in the diameter direction of the electrode 20 may be formed with a smaller thickness than the other portion, or only the portion on the other side in the diameter direction of the electrode 20 is thicker than the other portion. It may be formed.
- the portions having different thicknesses in the radial direction of the electrode 20 as described above may be formed at least at the tip portion of the electrode 20 in the position of the electrode 20 in the axis O direction, or may be formed over the entire region in the axis O direction. It may be.
- the current density distribution between the thicker portion of the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the machining hole 203 becomes larger, so that the thicker portion of the electrode 20 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A is processed.
- the amount can be increased. Therefore, when the processing hole 203 is processed deeper toward the side where the processing amount is larger, it is possible to easily form a bent hole that is more bent.
- the non-insulating portion 50 described in the second embodiment may be formed. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a bent hole more easily.
- the electrolytic processing tool 13 of the fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the electrolytic processing tool 13 of this embodiment includes a tip lid 60 at the tip of the tool body 10A.
- the tip lid 60 is made of a conductive material such as stainless steel and closes the tip opening of the electrode 20.
- the tip lid 60 has a plate shape whose shape viewed from the direction of the axis O is similar to the tip opening of the electrode 20 and whose thickness in the direction of the axis O is substantially constant.
- the tip lid 60 is fitted into the tip opening of the electrode 20 to close the tip opening of the electrode 20. As a result, the distal end lid 60 is electrically connected to the electrode 20.
- the outer peripheral side of the tip lid portion 60 may be joined to the inner peripheral surface of the electrode 20 by welding or the like, for example.
- the distal end lid 60 may be joined so as to be stacked on the distal end surface 21 of the electrode 20.
- the tip lid portion 60 may not be separate from the electrode 20, and may be formed integrally with the electrode 20.
- the non-insulating portion 50 described in the second embodiment may be formed in the electrolytic processing tool 13 of the fifth embodiment.
- the thickness of the electrode 20 of the electrolytic processing tool 13 on the other side in the diameter direction may be set larger than the thickness on the one side in the diameter direction. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a bent hole more easily.
- the electrolytic processing tool 14 of the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the tip end portion of the electrode 20 is such that the tip end lid portion 60 exposes the portion on the fluid outlet portion 40 side of the tip end surface 21 of the electrode 20 to the tip end side. It is laminated on the surface 21. That is, the distal end lid portion 60 is laminated on a portion of the distal end surface 21 of the electrode 20 excluding a portion on one side in the diameter direction, thereby closing the distal end opening of the electrode 20.
- the tip lid 60 is disposed so as to be biased to the opposite side of the fluid outlet 40 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A, that is, to the other side in the diameter direction. Is larger on the other side in the diameter direction which is the opposite side of the fluid outlet 40.
- the machining amount on the opposite side of the fluid lead-out portion 40 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A is increased, so that the machining hole 203 is further bent toward the side with the larger machining amount, thereby being bent further.
- a bent hole can be formed.
- the electrolytic processing tool 15 of 7th embodiment is demonstrated with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the hole 41 is employed as the fluid outlet 40, but the seventh embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a notch 42 is employed as the fluid outlet 40.
- the cutout portion 42 as the fluid outlet portion 40 is formed by cutting out from the front end side to the rear end side at least at a part in the circumferential direction of the tool main body 10A.
- the cutout portion 42 is formed by cutting the cutout portion 42 obliquely from the other diameter side of the tool body 10A toward the one side and from the front end to the rear end. ing.
- the front end surface 21 of the tool main body 10A has a bamboo basket shape, and one side in the diameter direction of the tool main body 10A is retracted to the rear end side from the other side.
- the notch part 42 you may employ
- the electrolytic solution 204 is led out from the tip of the electrode 20, and a part thereof is in the radial direction of the tool main body 10 ⁇ / b> A via the notch portion 42 as the fluid lead-out portion 40. Derived outward.
- the electrolytic solution 204 led out through the notch 42 applies a fluid acting force F1 to the inner surface of the machining hole 203, so that the reaction force F2 is applied to the tool body 10A.
- the Accordingly, the bent hole can be easily formed as in the first embodiment.
- the magnitudes of the fluid acting force F1 and the reaction force F2 can be set to arbitrary values, so that a curved hole having a desired curvature can be formed.
- the non-insulating portion 50 described in the second embodiment may be formed, and the thickness of the electrode 20 on the other side in the diameter direction is larger than the thickness on the one side in the diameter direction. It may be set. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a bent hole more easily.
- the electrolytic processing tool 16 of the eighth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the electrolytic processing tool 16 of the eighth embodiment is provided with a convex portion 45 instead of the fluid outlet portion 40 of the first embodiment.
- the convex portion 45 is formed so as to protrude radially outward from the outer peripheral surface of the tool main body 10A at a part of the circumferential position of the tool main body 10A, that is, at a portion on one side in the diameter direction of the tool main body 10A. Yes.
- the convex portion 45 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the tip portion of the tool body 10A.
- the convex portion 45 is made of, for example, a resin having electrical insulation, and the vertical cross-sectional shape including the axis O is rectangular.
- the convex portion 45 may be molded separately from the insulating layer 30 and fixed to the insulating layer 30, or may be molded integrally with the insulating layer 30.
- the tool body 10A of the electrolytic processing tool 16 of the eighth embodiment has a portion on the opposite side across the axis O of the convex portion 45 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A, that is, the other diameter direction of the tool body 10A.
- a non-insulating portion 50 in which the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 20 is exposed to the outside in the radial direction is formed on the side portion.
- the non-insulating part 50 may be formed at a location spaced from the front end to the rear end side of the tool main body 10A as in the third embodiment, and the plurality of non-insulating parts 50 are arranged in the direction of the axis O and It may be formed spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Thereby, the contact probability between the electrode 20 and the processing hole 203 can be reduced, and the workability can be improved.
- the moving mechanism 1 When machining with such an electrochemical machining tool 16, the moving mechanism 1 is covered while sequentially supplying the electrolytic solution 204 into the electrolytic machining tool 16 guided by the guide portion 3 as in the first embodiment. Gradually proceed toward the workpiece 200. At this time, the pushing force of the electrolytic processing tool 16 is adjusted by the pushing force control device while the flow rate of the electrolytic solution 204 is adjusted by the flow control device.
- the space between the tool body 10A and the inner surface of the machining hole 203 is filled with the electrolytic solution 204 derived from the tip of the electrode 20, that is, the tip of the tool body 10A. As a result, the workpiece 200 is melted and the processing hole 203 is processed deeper.
- a part of the protrusion 45 in the circumferential direction of the tool main body 10A Comes into contact with the inner surface of the processing hole 203. Then, a reaction force F2 acts on the tool body 10A toward the opposite side of the convex portion 45, that is, toward the other side in the diameter direction.
- the tool body 10A is displaced so as to bend in the direction of the reaction force F2.
- tip part of 10 A of this tool main body displaces to the direction of reaction force F2, ie, a diameter direction other side.
- the density distribution increases locally. Thereby, the machining amount on the side where the tool body 10A is displaced by the reaction force F2 at the circumferential position of the tool body 10A increases.
- the electrolytic machining tool 16 is sequentially pushed in by the moving mechanism 1 so that the electrolytic machining tool 16 is moved to the side where the machining amount is larger. Progress toward the other side in the diameter direction. That is, the electrolytic processing tool 16 is gradually bent toward the other side in the diameter direction as it advances inside the processing hole 203. Thereby, a bent hole can be easily formed.
- the magnitude of the reaction force F2 exerted on the tool main body 10A increases as the pushing force of the electrolytic machining tool 16 by the moving mechanism 1 increases and the force exerted by the convex portion 45 on the inner surface of the machining hole 203 increases. Therefore, by adjusting the pushing force of the electrolytic processing tool 16 by the moving mechanism 1, it is possible to determine the amount of displacement of the tip portion of the tool body 10A toward the other side in the diameter direction. Therefore, it is possible to easily form a bent hole having a desired curvature by arbitrarily changing the pushing force of the electrolytic processing tool 16 by the pushing force control device.
- the non-insulating portion 50 is formed on the opposite side of the convex portion 45 across the axis O, when the electrolytic processing is performed, the tip surface 21 of the electrode 20 and the inner surface of the processing hole 203 are formed. In addition to energization between the electrode 20, energization occurs between the portion where the outer peripheral surface of the electrode 20 is exposed and the inner surface of the processing hole 203. Therefore, the current density distribution on the other side in the diameter direction of the tool main body 10A can be further increased. Therefore, since the amount of processing on the side where the non-insulating portion 50 is formed can be increased, the bent hole 203 is further bent by processing the processing hole 203 deeper toward the side where the processing amount is larger. Can be easily formed.
- the non-insulating part 50 does not necessarily have to be formed, that is, the insulating layer 30 may be covered over the entire circumference in the circumferential direction and the axis O direction of the outer circumferential surface of the electrode 20. . Even in this case, since the reaction force F2 toward the other side in the diametrical direction can be obtained by the protrusion 45 coming into contact with the inner surface of the processing hole 203, a bent hole can be formed. Further, as in the fourth embodiment, the thickness of the electrode 20 of the electrolytic processing tool 16 on the other side in the diameter direction may be set larger than the thickness on the one side in the diameter direction. Thereby, it becomes possible to form a bent hole more easily.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年11月29日に出願された特願2011-260041号について優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
そして、電極の内側を流通する電解液は、該電極の先端から導出される他、一部は流体導出部から工具本体の径方向外側へと向かって導出される。この際、流体導出部から導出された電解液が加工孔の内面に流体作用力を付与することにより、工具本体にはその反力が付与される。これにより、工具本体が反力の方向に撓むように変位し、該変位量に応じて電極の先端面と加工孔の内面との電流密度分布が局所的に大きくなる。その結果、工具本体の周方向位置における該工具本体が反力により変位した側の加工量が大きくなる。
また、工具本体に及ぼされる反力の大きさは、電極の内側を流通する電解液の流量に応じた値となるため、電解液の流量を調整することで工具本体の変位量を決定することができる。
これによって、該非絶縁部が形成されている側の加工量をより大きくすることができるため、加工量の大きい側に向かって加工孔がより深く加工されていくことによって、より屈曲した曲がり孔を形成することが可能となる。
そして、工具本体を加工孔に進行させると、工具本体の周方向一部の凸部が加工孔の内面に当接することにより、工具本体には凸部の逆側に向かっての反力が作用する。これによって、工具本体が反力の方向に撓むように変位し、該変位量に応じて電極の先端面と加工孔の内面との電流密度分布が局所的に大きくなる結果、該工具本体が変位した側の加工量が大きくなる。
そして、工具本体に及ぼされる反力の大きさは、電極を押し込む力が大きい程、増大するため、電極を押し込む力を調整することで工具本体の変位量を決定することができる。
これによって、上記同様、より屈曲した曲がり孔を形成することが可能となる。
加工孔内を進行していく電解加工工具はその先端が加工孔の内面に接触し易くなるが、本発明では先端から後端側に離間した位置に非絶縁部が形成されていることにより、電解加工工具の外周面の先端には絶縁層が存在することになる。したがって、電解加工工具における電極の先端が加工孔の内面に直接的に接触してしまうことを回避することができ、即ち、電極と加工孔の内面との接触確率を低下させることができる。これにより、電極と加工孔の内面との短絡発生頻度を低下することができるため、加工性を向上させることが可能となる。
これによって、電流密度分布をより大きくしながら電極と加工孔の内面との短絡発生頻度を低下させることができる。
これによっても上記同様、電流密度分布をより大きくしながら電極と加工孔の内面との短絡発生頻度を低下させることができる。
また、本発明に係る電解加工工具及び電解加工装置によれば、凸部を介して工具本体に作用した反力によって該工具本体が変位した側の加工量が大きくなる。これによって、加工量の大きい側に向かって加工孔がより深く加工されるため、容易に曲がり孔を形成することができる。また、工具本体の押し込み力を調整することで工具本体の変位量を決定することができため、該押し込み力を変化させることで、容易に所望の曲率の曲がり孔を形成することができる。
図1に示すように、第一実施形態の電解加工システム100は、被加工材200に対して、湾曲する曲がり孔としての加工孔203を形成する装置である。本実施形態では、被加工材200としてガスタービンのタービン翼201を用い、該タービン翼201を冷却するための冷却孔を加工孔203として形成する例について説明する。
移動機構1は、電解加工工具10を被加工材200に対して進退させる役割を有している。本実施形態の移動機構1は、被加工材200としてのタービン翼201の先端202側に配置され、該タービン翼201の先端202に対して進退移動可能に構成されている。
電解加工工具10は、図2に示すように、被加工材200としてのタービン翼201に冷却孔としての加工孔203を電解加工により形成するものであって、電極20及び絶縁層30を有する工具本体10Aを備えている。
本実施形態においては、該流体導出部40として、電極20及び絶縁層30を径方向に貫通して電極20本体の内外を連通させる孔部41を採用している。
そして、図示しない通電手段によって、工具本体10Aの電極20を陰極、被加工材200を陽極としてこれら電極20と被加工材200の間に電圧が印加される。その結果、電解液204を介して電極20の先端面21と被加工材200の加工孔203の内面との間に通電が生じることで、被加工材200が溶解する。これによって、被加工材200が溶解することで、電解加工工具10の進行に伴って加工孔203がより深く加工されていく。
この際、孔部41から導出された電解液204が加工孔203の内面に流体作用力F1を付与することにより、工具本体10Aにはその反力F2が流体作用力F1の反対向きに付与される。本実施形態では、孔部41を介して工具本体10Aの直径方向一方側に向かって電解液204が導出されるため、工具本体10Aの直径方向他方側に向かって反力F2が及ぼされる。
さらに、孔部41によって電解液204が絞られることで加工孔203の内面への流体作用力F1及び反力F2を容易に大きくすることができるため、工具本体10Aを大きく変位させることができる。したがって、特に曲率の大きい曲がり孔を容易に作成することが可能となる。
即ち、工具本体10Aには、該工具本体10Aの周方向位置における流体導出部40の軸線Oを挟んだ反対側の部分、即ち、工具本体10Aの直径方向他方側の部分に、電極20の外周面が径方向外側に露出する非絶縁部50が形成されている。
これによって、該非絶縁部50が形成されている側の加工量をより大きくすることができるため、加工量の大きい側に向かって加工孔203がより深く加工されていくことによって、より屈曲した曲がり孔を容易に形成することが可能となる。
これによって、電極20と加工孔203の内面との接触確率を低下させることができ、電極20と加工孔203の内面との短絡発生頻度が低下するため、加工性を向上させることできる。
さらに、非絶縁部50は、周方向に離間して複数形成されているため、上記同様、電流密度分布をより大きくしながら電極20と加工孔203の内面との短絡発生頻度を低下させることができる。
この場合も、上記同様、電極と加工孔の内面との短絡発生頻度を低下させつつ電流密度を大きくすることで加工性を向上させることができる。
第一実施形態では流体導出部40として孔部41を採用しているが、第七実施形態では流体導出部40として切欠部42を採用している点で、第一実施形態と相違する。
なお、非絶縁部50は、第三実施形態のように、工具本体10Aの先端から後端側に離間した箇所に形成されていてもよく、また、複数の非絶縁部50が軸線O方向及び周方向に離間して形成されていてもよい。これによって、電極20と加工孔203との接触確率を低下させ、加工性を向上させることができる。
また、第四実施形態のように、電解加工工具16の電極20の直径方向他方側の厚さが直径方向一方側の厚さよりも大きく設定されていてもよい。これにより、より屈曲した曲がり孔をより一層容易に形成することが可能となる。
例えば実施形態においては、移動機構1によって複数の電解加工工具10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17を同時に進退させる形態を説明したが、個々の電解加工工具10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17を手動によってそれぞれ別個に進退させる構成であってもよい。また、ガイド部3を介さずに電解加工工具10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17を進退させてもよい。
さらに、実施形態では被加工材200としてガスタービンのタービン翼201を用いた例を説明したが、これに限定されることはなく、他のいかなる製品を被加工材200として採用してもよい。
2 把持部
3 ガイド部
4 ガイド孔
10 電解加工工具
10A 工具本体
11~19 電解加工工具
20 電極
21 先端面
30 絶縁層
40 流体導出部
41 孔部
42 切欠部
45 凸部
50 非絶縁部
60 先端蓋部
100 電解加工システム
200 被加工材
201 タービン翼
202 先端
203 加工孔
204 電解液
O 軸線
F1 流体作用力
F2 反力
Claims (13)
- 軸線に沿って延びる筒状をなして可撓性を有する導電性材料からなり、内側を先端側に向かって電解液が流通する電極と、該電極の先端面を露出させるように該電極の外周面に被覆された絶縁層とを有する工具本体を備え、
前記工具本体の周方向位置の一部に、前記電極の内側を流通する前記電解液を前記工具本体の径方向外側に向かって導出する流体導出部が形成されていることを特徴とする電解加工工具。 - 前記流体導出部は、前記電極及び前記絶縁層を径方向に貫通する孔部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記流体導出部は、前記工具本体の先端から後端側に向かって切り欠かれた切欠部であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記工具本体の周方向位置における前記流体導出部の前記軸線を挟んだ反対側の部分に、前記電極の外周面が径方向外側に露出する非絶縁部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記電極の周方向位置における前記流体導出部側の部分の厚みに比べて、前記流体導出部の前記軸線を挟んだ反対側の部分の厚みが大きく設定されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具。
- 導電性材料からなり前記電極の先端開口を閉塞する先端蓋部をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記先端蓋部は、前記電極の先端面における前記流体導出部側の部分を先端側に露出させるように、該先端面に積層されていることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の電解加工工具。
- 軸線に沿って延びる筒状をなして可撓性を有する導電性材料からなり、内側を先端側に向かって電解液が流通する電極と、該電極の先端面を露出させるように該電極の外周面のみに被覆された絶縁層と、を有する工具本体を備え、
前記工具本体の周方向一部に、前記絶縁層の外周面から径方向外側に突出する凸部を備えることを特徴とする電解加工工具。 - 前記工具本体の先端における前記凸部の前記軸線を挟んだ反対側の部分に、前記電極の外周面が径方向外側に露出する非絶縁部が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記非絶縁部は、前記工具本体の先端から後端側に離間した位置に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4又は9に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記非絶縁部は、前記軸線方向に離間して複数形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4、9及び10のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具。
- 前記非絶縁部は、前記周方向に離間して複数形成されていることを特徴とする請求項4、9、10及び11のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具。
- 請求項1から12のいずれか一項に記載の電解加工工具と、
該電解加工工具を被加工材に対して所定の進行方向となるように案内するガイド部と、
前記電解加工工具を進行させる移動機構と、
を備えることを特徴とする電解加工システム。
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CN103781581A (zh) | 2014-05-07 |
KR101601570B1 (ko) | 2016-03-08 |
CN103781581B (zh) | 2016-03-30 |
JP6139860B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
US20150231717A1 (en) | 2015-08-20 |
JP2013136140A (ja) | 2013-07-11 |
EP2752267A4 (en) | 2015-05-06 |
EP2752267B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
US9403227B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
EP2752267A1 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
KR20140043499A (ko) | 2014-04-09 |
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