WO2013080235A2 - Improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method. - Google Patents

Improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method. Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013080235A2
WO2013080235A2 PCT/IT2012/000357 IT2012000357W WO2013080235A2 WO 2013080235 A2 WO2013080235 A2 WO 2013080235A2 IT 2012000357 W IT2012000357 W IT 2012000357W WO 2013080235 A2 WO2013080235 A2 WO 2013080235A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structural
anchoring elements
beams
anyone
reinforced concrete
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2012/000357
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2013080235A3 (en
Inventor
Andrea CECILIA
Original Assignee
Buildesign S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buildesign S.R.L. filed Critical Buildesign S.R.L.
Priority to EP12813544.9A priority Critical patent/EP2800840B1/en
Priority to RU2014125844A priority patent/RU2623374C9/en
Publication of WO2013080235A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013080235A2/en
Publication of WO2013080235A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013080235A3/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/18—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members with metal or other reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/122—Laminated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/17—Floor structures partly formed in situ
    • E04B5/23—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated
    • E04B2005/232—Floor structures partly formed in situ with stiffening ribs or other beam-like formations wholly or partly prefabricated with special provisions for connecting wooden stiffening ribs or other wooden beam-like formations to the concrete slab

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method.
  • the invention concerns a structural beam for realizing wooden floors integrated with reinforced concrete traditional frames or with masonry structures, provided with perimeteral reinforced concrete ledges.
  • This solution allows to connect in a quick and easy way the wooden beams of the floor with the beams/ledges of reinforced concrete frame, allowing to replace the traditional clay-cement floors with wooden floors.
  • the main constructive problems for the integration with the reinforced concrete frame have mainly involved the connection between the main bearing structure, generally made of reinforced concrete, and the wooden beams, which is very expensive and difficult to achieve by non- specialized labour force.
  • the combination of the wooden floors and the concrete structure implies, in general, the coexistence of several labour force in the yard.
  • the carpenters and steelworkers which realize the concrete structure are not generally capable to realize the wooden floors, as precision cutting machining of the wooden elements, brackets connecting, etc. being provided, generally entrusted to artisans and carpenters. This implies higher construction costs and the increase of the execution time.
  • a currently used technique is that of overlapping the wooden beams to the reinforced concrete beams. This system imposes excessive heights of reinforced concrete beam - beam wood - planking, so implying often unacceptable dimensioning or which are difficult to integrate with the architecture system.
  • the object of the present invention is, therefore, to propose a beam, in particular a wooden beam, and a construction system thereof, which can be integrated with the reinforced concrete frame structures.
  • a structural beam for the construction of building systems or structures having a first and a second end, said structural beam being characterized in that it comprises one or more anchoring elements on at least one of said ends, longitudinally inserted in said structural beam.
  • said structural beam could comprise said anchoring elements at each end.
  • said anchoring elements could be fixed to said structural beam by an epoxy resin layer.
  • said anchoring elements could comprise bars.
  • said bars could be bent so as to have a "L"-shaped form.
  • said structural elements could comprise threaded bars provided with a respective locking nut.
  • said beam could have a cavity on one or both ends.
  • said structural beam could comprise connectors fixed on the extrados.
  • said structural beam could be made of wood and/or laminated or solid wood joists.
  • a structural system comprising a reinforced concrete frame, a plurality of structural beams, as defined above, arranged so as to have at least one end adjacent to a portion of said reinforced concrete frame, so that said anchoring elements are within the reinforced concrete.
  • said reinforced concrete frame could provide a beam comprising a trestle and concrete, and said structural beams could have at least one end adjacent to said trestle, so that said anchoring elements are within the volume of said trestle.
  • said structural system could comprise a planking, arranged above the structural beams, a electrowelded mesh, arranged on said planking, and a slab arranged on said electrowelded mesh.
  • It is even object of the present invention a method for the construction of a structural system comprising the following steps: providing a plurality of structural beams, as defined in anyone above; providing a formwork or a masonry, said formwork or said masonry having side openings, said side openings having a shape and a size as to allow the insertion of the ends of said structural beams provided with said anchoring elements; arranging a trestle in said formwork; arranging said structural beams so as to have said ends provided with said one or more anchoring elements in a respective side opening, so that said end is adjacent to said trestle, or to said reinforced concrete frame, so that said anchoring elements are within the volume of said frame; casting the concrete in said formwork, so that the concrete fills the volume of said formwork, so as said trestle of said support beam or said reinforced concrete frame and said anchoring elements of said structural beams are buried in the concrete, and said concrete also fills the cavities of each of said structural beams; and removing said formwork or said masonry.
  • said method could comprise the following additional step after said structural beams providing step: arranging closing means above said structural beams, as a planking, and/or tiles, and/or brick tiles, and/or concrete plates and/or any other curved or plane element.
  • said method could comprise the following additional step after said arrangement step of said structural beams: arranging an electrowelded mesh of said planking, and arranging a slab on said electrowelded mesh.
  • figure 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention
  • figure 1b shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention
  • figure 2 shows a side section view of the structural beam according to figure 1a;
  • figure 3 shows a first construction step of a structural system for realizing of a floor with slab
  • figure 4 shows a second construction step of the structural system of figure 3;
  • figure 5 shows the complete structural system of figure 3
  • figure 6 shows a structural system for realizing a floor without slab
  • figure 7 shows a side view of the structural beam of figure 1 coupled with a reinforced concrete supporting beam
  • figure 8 shows a further embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention.
  • figure 9 shows a possible machining of a structural beam according to the present invention by means of a saw
  • FIGS. 10a and 10b show a first modification of the structural beam according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 1 a and 1b show a second modification of the structural beam according to the present invention
  • FIGS. 12a and 12b show a third modification of the structural beam according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 13a and 13b show a fourth modification of the structural beam according to the present invention.
  • a structural beam 1 preferably made of wood, comprising one or more anchoring elements 12, preferably made of steel, fixed on at least one end 11' of said structural beam 1.
  • Said anchoring elements 12 are inserted longitudinally within said structural beam 1 and fixed to it by means of an epoxy resin layer 13.
  • Said anchoring elements 12 are preferably bars 12 bent so as to have a "L"-shaped form (see figure a), or threaded rods 12" (see figure 1b) with respective nut 12"' embedded within the concrete.
  • Said structural beam 1 has on said at least one end 11 ' a cavity 14, which defines a surface 14', through which said anchoring elements 12 are inserted.
  • Figures 3, 4 and 5 show a structural system S, in particular a floor with slab, realized using the structural beam 1 according to the invention.
  • the realization of the structure for realizing said floor S involves the construction of a reinforced concrete frame T, in which said structural beam 1 is integrated.
  • the structural beams 1 are arranged parallel to each other on two sides of said support beam 2, each having the ends 1' provided with the anchoring elements 12, which, in this case, are bars 12', adjacent to said trestle 21 , so that said anchoring elements 12 are located within the volume defined by said trestle 21.
  • the concrete 24 is subsequently cast in said formwork 22, which reinforces through said trestle 21 (see figure 5).
  • Said support beam 2 and said pillar 6 define a reinforced concrete frame T.
  • Said support beam 2 is adapted to support the building structure for the realization of the floor S.
  • the reinforced concrete frame T can be realized by means of pillars 6, support beams 2 and/or ledges.
  • a planking 3 or another scaffold is placed above said structural beams 1 , possibly provided with a waterproof transpiring cloth in contact with the planking 3 or any other plane or curved element as baked tiles, brick tiles, baked vaults, plastic elements, prefabricated concrete slabs and the like. Then, on said planking 3 an electrowelded mesh 4 and a slab 5 are arranged. In this way, as for the traditional clay-cement floors, the structural beams 1 , floor and slab 5 are cast together.
  • the concrete fills the volume of the formwork 22, so that both the trestle 21 of said support beam 2, and the anchoring elements 12 of said structural beams 1 are embedded within the concrete. Furthermore, the concrete also fills the cavity 4 of each of said structural beams 1 , thus integrating the structural beam 1 , as said, made of wood, in the beam 2 of the reinforced concrete frame.
  • Figure 7 shows the detail of the coupling between the structural beam 1 which has the end 11', and the support beam 2.
  • said anchoring elements 12 are embedded in the concrete 24 of the beam 2.
  • All the components of the structural system S i.e. the floor, are, therefore, made integral by the following casting of the concrete in the formwork 22.
  • the slab 5 will also ensure the necessary stiffness to the floor S, in case of rigid scaffolding design hypothesis, which can be fully realized through the preparation of peg connectors or prefabricated type connectors anchored on the extrados of the beam to be subsequently embedded in the slab, like the one shown in figure 8, which has a structural beam 1 , provided with connectors 15 on the extrados.
  • the system S allows to place the wooden structural beams 1 at the extrados of the reinforced concrete beams 2, in order to close the scaffold with the planking 3 and the further insulation, waterproofing and roofing layers.
  • Wooden structural beams 1 can be placed in an inclined position, to achieve the pitches of the roof, as shown in figure 6.
  • the described system is even very flexible for the operations in the yard.
  • the wooden structural beams 1 are prepackaged in the workshop, by realizing the cavity 14 to one or both ends 11', and by the arrangement of the anchoring elements 12 fixed with epoxy resin, so that they can be modified (see figure 8) in the yard by simple tools, such as saws 7 and the like, and fast and cheap machinings.
  • Cavity 14 at the end 11' of the structural beam 1 allows the provision on the yard of structural beams with a large dimensional tolerance.
  • These structural beams 1 can be made using fixed lengths, which may vary by 10cm (for example, 300cm, 310cm, 320cm, 500cm 510cm, 520cm, 530cm, etc..) and adapted in the yard to the actual size.
  • all said beams 1 may be provided with of lights of 410cm and modified in the yard to the correct size (see figures 10a and 10b).
  • the reduction of the structural beam 1 can at most be equal to the sum of the depths of the two cavities 14 made at the ends, eliminating, in extreme cases, both the cavities 14 at the two ends (see figures 11a and 11b).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
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  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a structural beam (1) for the construction of building systems or structures (S), having a first and a second end (11'), said structural beam (1) being characterized in that it comprises one or more anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') on at least one of said ends (11'), longitudinally inserted in said structural beam (1). The present invention concerns even a structural system (S) and a method for the construction of a structural system (S).

Description

Improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method.
*****
The present invention relates to an improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method.
More specifically, the invention concerns a structural beam for realizing wooden floors integrated with reinforced concrete traditional frames or with masonry structures, provided with perimeteral reinforced concrete ledges. This solution allows to connect in a quick and easy way the wooden beams of the floor with the beams/ledges of reinforced concrete frame, allowing to replace the traditional clay-cement floors with wooden floors.
In the following, the description will be directed to wooden beams used for realizing floors, but it is clear that the same should not be considered limited to this specific use.
As it is well known, currently in the realization of the floors, used methods mainly involve the use of clay-cement floors.
These construction elements are integrated with the frame structures in reinforced concrete and are therefore the most commonly used in buildings.
Among the most commonly used systems floors with prestressed beams and pinatas can be mentioned, the plates floors "predalles" like and the prefabricated floors.
The wooden floors, although widely used in the past, had a lower diffusion in the recent building field, as they are difficult to integrate with the currently most common building techniques, which involve the use of frame structures and reinforced concrete ledges.
The recent diffusion of wooden floors has been developed mainly in the context of building systems which require the entire structure made of wood (wooden frame structures, "Xlam" type wooden bearing panels structures) or for repairing floors in existing buildings.
The main constructive problems for the integration with the reinforced concrete frame have mainly involved the connection between the main bearing structure, generally made of reinforced concrete, and the wooden beams, which is very expensive and difficult to achieve by non- specialized labour force. In addition, the combination of the wooden floors and the concrete structure implies, in general, the coexistence of several labour force in the yard. In fact, the carpenters and steelworkers which realize the concrete structure are not generally capable to realize the wooden floors, as precision cutting machining of the wooden elements, brackets connecting, etc. being provided, generally entrusted to artisans and carpenters. This implies higher construction costs and the increase of the execution time.
From the structural point of view, the commonly used techniques for realizing wooden floors inserted in concrete structures, do not allow a perfect integration between the two above mentioned materials, thus often requiring more complex design schemes or the realization of reinforced concrete beams, of increased dimensions for housing the heads or ends of the wooden beams or even problems relating the construction of the joints between the two materials, made with metal scarp, brackets or similar elements, which involve long realization times on yard and low flexibility of the system.
A currently used technique is that of overlapping the wooden beams to the reinforced concrete beams. This system imposes excessive heights of reinforced concrete beam - beam wood - planking, so implying often unacceptable dimensioning or which are difficult to integrate with the architecture system.
It is evident that the above procedures are costly, in economic terms, and present many design complications.
The object of the present invention is, therefore, to propose a beam, in particular a wooden beam, and a construction system thereof, which can be integrated with the reinforced concrete frame structures.
It is therefore a specific object of the present invention a structural beam for the construction of building systems or structures, having a first and a second end, said structural beam being characterized in that it comprises one or more anchoring elements on at least one of said ends, longitudinally inserted in said structural beam.
Always according to the invention, said structural beam could comprise said anchoring elements at each end.
Still according to the invention, said anchoring elements could be fixed to said structural beam by an epoxy resin layer.
Further according to the invention, said anchoring elements could comprise bars. Advantageously according to the invention, said bars could be bent so as to have a "L"-shaped form.
Always according to the invention, said structural elements could comprise threaded bars provided with a respective locking nut.
Still according to the invention, said beam could have a cavity on one or both ends.
Further according to the invention, said structural beam could comprise connectors fixed on the extrados.
Advantageously according to the invention, said structural beam could be made of wood and/or laminated or solid wood joists.
It is further object of the present invention a structural system comprising a reinforced concrete frame, a plurality of structural beams, as defined above, arranged so as to have at least one end adjacent to a portion of said reinforced concrete frame, so that said anchoring elements are within the reinforced concrete.
Always according to the invention, said reinforced concrete frame could provide a beam comprising a trestle and concrete, and said structural beams could have at least one end adjacent to said trestle, so that said anchoring elements are within the volume of said trestle.
Still according to the invention, said structural system could comprise a planking, arranged above the structural beams, a electrowelded mesh, arranged on said planking, and a slab arranged on said electrowelded mesh.
It is even object of the present invention a method for the construction of a structural system, comprising the following steps: providing a plurality of structural beams, as defined in anyone above; providing a formwork or a masonry, said formwork or said masonry having side openings, said side openings having a shape and a size as to allow the insertion of the ends of said structural beams provided with said anchoring elements; arranging a trestle in said formwork; arranging said structural beams so as to have said ends provided with said one or more anchoring elements in a respective side opening, so that said end is adjacent to said trestle, or to said reinforced concrete frame, so that said anchoring elements are within the volume of said frame; casting the concrete in said formwork, so that the concrete fills the volume of said formwork, so as said trestle of said support beam or said reinforced concrete frame and said anchoring elements of said structural beams are buried in the concrete, and said concrete also fills the cavities of each of said structural beams; and removing said formwork or said masonry.
Always according to the invention, said method could comprise the following additional step after said structural beams providing step: arranging closing means above said structural beams, as a planking, and/or tiles, and/or brick tiles, and/or concrete plates and/or any other curved or plane element.
Still according to the invention, said method could comprise the following additional step after said arrangement step of said structural beams: arranging an electrowelded mesh of said planking, and arranging a slab on said electrowelded mesh.
The present invention will be now described, for illustrative but not limitative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, with particular reference to the figures of the enclosed drawings, wherein:
figure 1a shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention;
figure 1b shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention;
figure 2 shows a side section view of the structural beam according to figure 1a;
figure 3 shows a first construction step of a structural system for realizing of a floor with slab;
figure 4 shows a second construction step of the structural system of figure 3;
figure 5 shows the complete structural system of figure 3;
figure 6 shows a structural system for realizing a floor without slab; figure 7 shows a side view of the structural beam of figure 1 coupled with a reinforced concrete supporting beam;
figure 8 shows a further embodiment of a structural beam according to the present invention;
figure 9 shows a possible machining of a structural beam according to the present invention by means of a saw;
figures 10a and 10b show a first modification of the structural beam according to the present invention;
figures 1 a and 1b show a second modification of the structural beam according to the present invention;
figures 12a and 12b show a third modification of the structural beam according to the present invention; and
figures 13a and 13b show a fourth modification of the structural beam according to the present invention.
In the various figures, similar parts will be indicated by the same reference numbers.
Referring to figures 1a, 1b and 2, a structural beam 1 according to the present invention can be seen, preferably made of wood, comprising one or more anchoring elements 12, preferably made of steel, fixed on at least one end 11' of said structural beam 1. Said anchoring elements 12 are inserted longitudinally within said structural beam 1 and fixed to it by means of an epoxy resin layer 13. Said anchoring elements 12 are preferably bars 12 bent so as to have a "L"-shaped form (see figure a), or threaded rods 12" (see figure 1b) with respective nut 12"' embedded within the concrete.
Said structural beam 1 has on said at least one end 11 ' a cavity 14, which defines a surface 14', through which said anchoring elements 12 are inserted.
The application and installation of said structural beam 1 described above is as follows.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 show a structural system S, in particular a floor with slab, realized using the structural beam 1 according to the invention. In particular, the realization of the structure for realizing said floor S involves the construction of a reinforced concrete frame T, in which said structural beam 1 is integrated.
In particular, for realizing said floor S there is initially the preparation of a formwork 22, which presents the side openings 23, having a shape and a size such as to allow the insertion of the end 11' of each of said structural beams 1 , provided with said anchoring elements 12.
A longitudinal trestle 21 for realizing a support beam 2 in reinforced concrete (shown realized in figure 5), supported by a pillar 6 of the structure (see always figure 5), is placed in said formwork 22.
In the case at hand, the structural beams 1 are arranged parallel to each other on two sides of said support beam 2, each having the ends 1' provided with the anchoring elements 12, which, in this case, are bars 12', adjacent to said trestle 21 , so that said anchoring elements 12 are located within the volume defined by said trestle 21.
The concrete 24 is subsequently cast in said formwork 22, which reinforces through said trestle 21 (see figure 5).
Said support beam 2 and said pillar 6 define a reinforced concrete frame T. Said support beam 2 is adapted to support the building structure for the realization of the floor S. Of course, the reinforced concrete frame T can be realized by means of pillars 6, support beams 2 and/or ledges.
For the realization of the floor S with a slab, a planking 3 or another scaffold is placed above said structural beams 1 , possibly provided with a waterproof transpiring cloth in contact with the planking 3 or any other plane or curved element as baked tiles, brick tiles, baked vaults, plastic elements, prefabricated concrete slabs and the like. Then, on said planking 3 an electrowelded mesh 4 and a slab 5 are arranged. In this way, as for the traditional clay-cement floors, the structural beams 1 , floor and slab 5 are cast together.
In this way, the concrete fills the volume of the formwork 22, so that both the trestle 21 of said support beam 2, and the anchoring elements 12 of said structural beams 1 are embedded within the concrete. Furthermore, the concrete also fills the cavity 4 of each of said structural beams 1 , thus integrating the structural beam 1 , as said, made of wood, in the beam 2 of the reinforced concrete frame.
Figure 7 shows the detail of the coupling between the structural beam 1 which has the end 11', and the support beam 2. In particular, it is observed how said anchoring elements 12 are embedded in the concrete 24 of the beam 2. The concrete 24, in its turn, completely fills said cavity 14 (not visible in the figure).
All the components of the structural system S, i.e. the floor, are, therefore, made integral by the following casting of the concrete in the formwork 22. The slab 5 will also ensure the necessary stiffness to the floor S, in case of rigid scaffolding design hypothesis, which can be fully realized through the preparation of peg connectors or prefabricated type connectors anchored on the extrados of the beam to be subsequently embedded in the slab, like the one shown in figure 8, which has a structural beam 1 , provided with connectors 15 on the extrados.
The result, as shown in the figures described, is that of a framed structure made of reinforced concrete, with the wooden structural beams 1 perfectly integrated with the parts of the frame T made of reinforced concrete, as beams 2, pillars 6 or ledges.
In case of non-rigid scaffolds design hypothesis, particularly suitable in roofing, in which decreasing the load of the floor S and placing a considerable insulation layer is preferred, the system S allows to place the wooden structural beams 1 at the extrados of the reinforced concrete beams 2, in order to close the scaffold with the planking 3 and the further insulation, waterproofing and roofing layers.
Wooden structural beams 1 can be placed in an inclined position, to achieve the pitches of the roof, as shown in figure 6.
The described system is even very flexible for the operations in the yard. In fact, the wooden structural beams 1 are prepackaged in the workshop, by realizing the cavity 14 to one or both ends 11', and by the arrangement of the anchoring elements 12 fixed with epoxy resin, so that they can be modified (see figure 8) in the yard by simple tools, such as saws 7 and the like, and fast and cheap machinings.
Cavity 14 at the end 11' of the structural beam 1 allows the provision on the yard of structural beams with a large dimensional tolerance. These structural beams 1 , in fact, can be made using fixed lengths, which may vary by 10cm (for example, 300cm, 310cm, 320cm, 500cm 510cm, 520cm, 530cm, etc..) and adapted in the yard to the actual size.
If, for example, there is the hypothesis of a floor S with the two ends of the structural beams 1 not parallel (for example with small beams of light between 400cm and 410cm, all said beams 1 may be provided with of lights of 410cm and modified in the yard to the correct size (see figures 10a and 10b).
The reduction of the structural beam 1 can at most be equal to the sum of the depths of the two cavities 14 made at the ends, eliminating, in extreme cases, both the cavities 14 at the two ends (see figures 11a and 11b).
It is also possible to perform diagonal cuts at the ends of the structural beam 1 to compensate for any out of squaring or in case of inclined pitches (see figures 12a and 12b for the diagonal cut and figures 13a and 13b for two converging inclined cuts).
The present invention has been described for illustrative but not limitative purposes, according to its preferred embodiments, but it is to be understood that modifications and/or changes can be introduced by those skilled in the art without departing from the relevant scope as defined in the enclosed claims.

Claims

1. Structural beam (1) for the construction of building systems or structures (S), having a first and a second end (11'), said structural beam (1) being characterized in that it comprises one or more anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') on at least one of said ends (11'), longitudinally inserted in said structural beam (1).
2. Structural beam (1) according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') at each end (11').
3. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') are fixed to said structural beam (1) by an epoxy resin layer (13).
4. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that said anchoring elements comprise bars (12').
5. Structural beam (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that said bars (12') are bent so as to have a "L"-shaped form.
6. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said structural elements comprise threaded bars (12") provided with a respective locking nut (12"').
7. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a cavity (14) on one or both ends (11 ').
8. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises connectors (15) fixed on the extrados.
9. Structural beam (1) according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is made of wood and/or laminated or solid wood joists.
10. Structural system (S) comprising
a reinforced concrete frame (2, 6, T),
a plurality of structural beams (1), as defined in anyone of claims 1- 9, arranged so as to have at least one end (11') adjacent to a portion of said reinforced concrete frame (2, 6, T), so that said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') are within the reinforced concrete.
11. Structural system (S) according to claim 10, characterized in that said reinforced concrete frame (2, 6, T) provides a beam (2) comprising a trestle (21) and concrete (24), and
in that said structural beams (1) have at least one end (11') adjacent to said trestle (21), so that said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') are within the volume of said trestle (21).
12. Structural system (S) according to anyone of claims 10 or 11 , characterized in that it comprises
a planking (3), arranged above the structural beams (1),
a electrowelded mesh (4), arranged on said planking (3), and a slab (5) arranged on said electrowelded mesh (4).
13. Method for the construction of a structural system (S), comprising the following steps:
- providing a plurality of structural beams (1), as defined in anyone of claims 1-9;
- providing a formwork (22) or a masonry, said formwork (22) or said masonry having side openings (23), said side openings (23) having a shape and a size as to allow the insertion of the ends (11') of said structural beams (1) provided with said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"');
- arranging a trestle (21) in said formwork (22);
- arranging said structural beams (1) so as to have said ends (11 ') provided with said one or more anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') in a respective side opening (23), so that said end (11') is adjacent to said trestle (21), or to said reinforced concrete frame (2, 6, T), so that said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') are within the volume of said frame (2, 6, T);
- casting the concrete (24) in said formwork (22), so that the concrete (24) fills the volume of said formwork (22), so as said trestle (21) of said support beam (2) or said reinforced concrete frame (2, 6, T) and said anchoring elements (12, 12', 12", 12"') of said structural beams (1) are buried in the concrete, and said concrete also fills the cavities (14) of each of said structural beams (1); and
- removing said formwork (22) or said masonry.
14. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises the following additional step after said structural beams (1) providing step:
- arranging closing means above said structural beams (1), as a planking (3), and/or tiles, and/or brick tiles, and/or concrete plates and/or any other curved or plane element.
15. Method according to anyone of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that it comprises the following additional step after said arrangement step of said structural beams (1):
- arranging a electrowelded mesh (4) of said planking (3), and - arranging a slab (5) on said electrowelded mesh (4).
PCT/IT2012/000357 2011-11-29 2012-11-26 Improved structural beam, structural system using said improved beam and construction method. WO2013080235A2 (en)

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EP12813544.9A EP2800840B1 (en) 2011-11-29 2012-11-26 A wooden constructural beam having hook like anchor elements and construction method
RU2014125844A RU2623374C9 (en) 2011-11-29 2012-11-26 Improved structural beam, building system, using this improved beam, and method of construction

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ITRM2011A000632 2011-11-29
IT000632A ITRM20110632A1 (en) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 PERFECT STRUCTURAL BEAM, USING STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SUCH A PERFECTED BEAM AND METHOD OF REALIZATION.

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113463833A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined T-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463836A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined I-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463834A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined rectangular beam and manufacturing method thereof

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FR2954948A1 (en) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-08 Passiv Construction Composite floor for constructing storey of eight storey building, has concrete flagstone supported by wooden support structure, and metallic traction-resistant reinforcement fixed on fixation unit formed of screws and joists

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US20030182891A1 (en) * 1997-01-17 2003-10-02 Reichartz Sigrun Von Morze Wooden beam for a supporting framework and its constructional elements
DE102005014900A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-05 Induo Gesellschaft Zur Verwertung Von Schutzrechten Mbh & Co Kg Composite anchor for connecting at least two components and system of interconnected components
EP1905909A2 (en) * 2006-09-21 2008-04-02 SICAP S.p.A. Apparatus for rigidly securing together prefabricated floor-support beams and prefabricated pillars
FR2954948A1 (en) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-08 Passiv Construction Composite floor for constructing storey of eight storey building, has concrete flagstone supported by wooden support structure, and metallic traction-resistant reinforcement fixed on fixation unit formed of screws and joists

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113463833A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined T-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463836A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined I-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463834A (en) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-01 中国地质大学（北京） Combined rectangular beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463833B (en) * 2020-03-31 2022-04-08 中国地质大学（北京） Combined T-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof
CN113463836B (en) * 2020-03-31 2022-04-08 中国地质大学（北京） Combined I-shaped beam and manufacturing method thereof

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RU2623374C9 (en) 2017-09-22
RU2623374C2 (en) 2017-06-26
RU2014125844A (en) 2016-01-27
WO2013080235A3 (en) 2013-07-25
EP2800840A2 (en) 2014-11-12
EP2800840B1 (en) 2020-09-23
ITRM20110632A1 (en) 2013-05-30

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