WO2013078839A1 - 窑头外投料煅烧高活性混合材的方法和设备 - Google Patents

窑头外投料煅烧高活性混合材的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013078839A1
WO2013078839A1 PCT/CN2012/075900 CN2012075900W WO2013078839A1 WO 2013078839 A1 WO2013078839 A1 WO 2013078839A1 CN 2012075900 W CN2012075900 W CN 2012075900W WO 2013078839 A1 WO2013078839 A1 WO 2013078839A1
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Prior art keywords
cement
kiln
coal
clinker
kiln head
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PCT/CN2012/075900
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
齐正良
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泸州兰良水泥有限公司
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Application filed by 泸州兰良水泥有限公司 filed Critical 泸州兰良水泥有限公司
Priority to EP12854281.8A priority Critical patent/EP2786973B1/en
Priority to ES12854281T priority patent/ES2733310T3/es
Priority to PL12854281T priority patent/PL2786973T3/pl
Priority to MX2014006351A priority patent/MX349958B/es
Priority to BR112014012811A priority patent/BR112014012811A8/pt
Priority to US14/360,874 priority patent/US9403718B2/en
Priority to RU2014125517/03A priority patent/RU2587653C1/ru
Publication of WO2013078839A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013078839A1/zh
Priority to ZA2014/04668A priority patent/ZA201404668B/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/28Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from combustion residues, e.g. ashes or slags from waste incineration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C04B7/30Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag from oil shale; from oil shale residues ; from lignite processing, e.g. using certain lignite fractions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/36Manufacture of hydraulic cements in general
    • C04B7/43Heat treatment, e.g. precalcining, burning, melting; Cooling
    • C04B7/44Burning; Melting
    • C04B7/4407Treatment or selection of the fuel therefor, e.g. use of hazardous waste as secondary fuel ; Use of particular energy sources, e.g. waste hot gases from other processes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/33Arrangement of devices for discharging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27BFURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/38Arrangements of cooling devices
    • F27B7/383Cooling devices for the charge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D15/00Handling or treating discharged material; Supports or receiving chambers therefor
    • F27D15/02Cooling
    • F27D15/0206Cooling with means to convey the charge
    • F27D15/0213Cooling with means to convey the charge comprising a cooling grate
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of producing cement.
  • the present invention relates to a major improvement in the method for producing cement clinker in a cement rotary kiln, that is, a production method for calcining a high-active mixed material by "secondary feeding calcination" outside the kiln head, thereby increasing cement production.
  • the method of the present invention also relates to a production method in which the cylinder is easy to carry out, energy-saving and efficient, and low-cost use of industrial and mining waste as a material for calcination to increase cement production.
  • the method of the present invention also relates to a method for improving energy utilization efficiency in cement clinker production, reducing coal consumption of cement clinker production, and increasing power generation of waste heat power generation. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for carrying out the method of the invention. Background technique
  • Cement is a powdery hydraulic inorganic cementitious material. It can form a slurry after stirring with water. It can firmly bond sand, stone, steel and other materials together and harden in air or water. It is the most used in the construction industry. Wide, the largest amount of material. Although cement is cheaper, its consumption is huge and it has a significant share of construction costs.
  • China's cement industry has developed rapidly, and its production and consumption account for about 45% of the world total.
  • China's cement production reached 1.88 billion tons, and it has considerable room for development.
  • the cement industry in China generally adopts the dry/wet rotary kiln production process and the preheating decomposition technology outside the kiln.
  • the process can be generally summarized as "two mills and one burn", namely: raw material preparation, clinker calcination, and cement grinding.
  • raw material preparation refers to the physical treatment of limestone, clay and other auxiliary raw materials, such as crushing and grinding, to form a raw material suitable for the firing system;
  • clinker calcination is pre-externed from the kiln
  • the composition of thermal decomposition, calcination in the kiln, etc., the preheated and decomposed raw materials are sent to the rotary kiln for high temperature calcination, the firing temperature is about 1250 ° C to 1450 ° C, in order to achieve the firing of the clinker, burning
  • the high-temperature clinker is discharged from the kiln head, cooled by a clinker cooler such as a grate cooler, and transported to a storage area or clinker mill.
  • cement grinding is the final process of cement manufacturing, which will cement clinker.
  • the mixture and the necessary performance adjusting material/gelling agent are ground to a suitable particle size to form a finished cement product.
  • most cement production lines are equipped with hot air utilization and waste heat power generation units.
  • the clinker after firing at about 1250 ° C to 1450 ° C maintains a relatively high temperature
  • the general kiln head discharge temperature is about 900 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the clinker is usually cooled by a grate cooler or other cooling device. For example, by blowing cold air from the bottom up in a grate cooler.
  • the cooling air of the first and second sections of the grate cooler is heated by the clinker, and the average temperature is about 900 ° C, and a part of the cooling air is sent to the rotary kiln calcination zone. The other part is taken out into the kiln decomposition device for the calcination of cement clinker and the decomposition of cement raw materials.
  • the average temperature of the third stage cooling air of the grate cooler is about 400 ° C, which can be used for waste heat power generation and/or as a heat source for coal grinding. Even so, the calories of the calcined clinker itself are not fully utilized.
  • CN101407382A discloses a method and a device for controlling the air extraction process of a kiln head waste heat boiler in dry process cement waste heat, the invention relates to controlling and adjusting clinker temperature, clinker flow rate, clinker particle size and material layer thickness. , chiller speed and air volume / wind speed, etc., in the grate cooler 600 ° C to 200 ° C area to take the wind.
  • the method uses industrial waste such as fly ash, coal gangue, steel slag, and inferior coal, and is calcined at 950 ° C to 1100 ° C to form cement clinker by using a boiling furnace or a fluidized bed.
  • the method requires grinding the raw material to a 0.08 sieve residue of not more than 10%, and using a boiling furnace or a fluidized bed.
  • a low temperature cement production process is disclosed in CN1057821A.
  • the method uses coal gangue and quicklime as main raw materials, and is produced by steaming at 750 ° C to 850 ° C under normal pressure steaming to produce cement clinker.
  • the main problem with this method is that the raw material composition needs to be aged for a long time, 100 ° C, 4 to 10 hours, and seeding is required.
  • the method is limited by conditions such as long steaming time and limited fluidized bed capacity, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale application.
  • a similar method for producing composite cement from coal gangue is also disclosed in CN1546410A. The method requires calcination of the ground raw material composition in a high temperature calciner at a calcination temperature of from 600 ° C to 1000 ° C, a calcination time of from 1.5 to 2.5 hours, and the use of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal activator.
  • CN1124724A also discloses a method for producing cement admixture using coal gangue or the like by calcining at 1000 ° C to 1500 ° C using a vertical calcining kiln. The process requires high temperature calcination for 6 to 10 hours and the sinter is cooled with water.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving cement production by using industrial and mining waste residue, which is easy to carry out, energy-saving and efficient, and low-cost.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving energy utilization efficiency in cement clinker production, reducing coal consumption of cement clinker production, and increasing power generation capacity of waste heat power generation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for carrying out the above-described method of producing a calcined high-active mixed material, and a modification of the related equipment on the production line.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a cement clinker and cement produced by carrying out the above production method.
  • second charge calcination means that the present invention is placed on the outside of the rotary kiln head portion with respect to the conventional raw meal charge and clinker calcination carried out in the rotary kiln (the most a material or material composition which can be calcined at a lower temperature to form a cement active ingredient, and calcined by the temperature of the high temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head, the secondary feeding and calcination do not occur in the slewing In the kiln, it occurs in the kiln head cover outside the rotary kiln head and in the grate cooler.
  • the feed calcination involved in the process of the present invention is defined as “secondary charge calcination” with respect to the feed calcination carried out in the rotary kiln
  • the input material is defined as “secondary input calcined material” or " Secondary input of material”.
  • outside the kiln head refers to a rotary kiln body other than the rotary kiln head end, and a kiln head cover and a grate cooler are usually disposed at this position.
  • the high temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head is called "unloading material”.
  • the improvement of cement production according to the present invention actually means that the obtained cement clinker includes "unloading material” from high-temperature calcination of rotary kiln and high-activity mixing formed by "kiln head outside” and “secondary charging calcination”. material.
  • the "high-temperature calcination" as used in the present invention refers to a firing temperature of a normal rotary kiln calcination, which is about 1250 ° C to 1450 ° C; the secondary calcination temperature or a lower calcination temperature or a low-temperature calcination temperature, Not higher than 1100 °C, generally about 800 ° C to 1100 ° C.
  • the "mixed material” as used in the present invention refers to a material which has been subjected to secondary calcination.
  • cement clinker mixture as used in the present invention means a mixture of the material after secondary calcination and the material discharged from the kiln head.
  • the invention provides a method of charging a calcined active mix outside a kiln head, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the material which can be calcined at a lower temperature to form a cement active component is introduced through the kiln head twice to perform low-temperature calcination.
  • the secondary input material has a calorific value, and the calcined heat can be used to increase the secondary and tertiary air temperatures and to generate electricity, thereby having the effect of saving coal and increasing waste heat power generation. Therefore, the method of the present invention is also a method of saving coal and increasing the amount of waste heat generated.
  • the "outside the kiln head” may be the location of the kiln head cover and/or the grate cooler near the kiln head cover.
  • the material is a material which is calcined at 700 ° C to 1200 ° C to form a cement active ingredient, and the material has a calorific value of from OK J / kg to 12000 KJ / kg, preferably 100 KJ / kg to 12000KJ/kg;
  • the material has a maximum particle diameter of less than 5 cm, preferably less than 2 cm.
  • the material comprises a first raw material selected from the group consisting of coal gangue, oil shale, stone coal, clay, river lake sludge, shale, waste residue, sewage sludge and peat.
  • a first raw material selected from the group consisting of coal gangue, oil shale, stone coal, clay, river lake sludge, shale, waste residue, sewage sludge and peat.
  • the material may further comprise a second raw material having a higher calorific value for supplementing the insufficient calorific value of the first raw material, thereby increasing the calorific value of the material;
  • the material may further comprise a third raw material having a higher calcium value for supplementing the deficiency of the calcium content of the first raw material, thereby increasing the calcium content of the material.
  • the second raw material is selected from one or more of inferior coal, waste coke, peat and waste graphite; and the third raw material is calcium carbide slag.
  • the material is injected twice from the outside of the kiln head, and the input amount of the material is 1% to 100%, preferably 5% to 70% by weight of the clinker calcined at a high temperature in the rotary kiln.
  • the input material is a material which can be calcined at a lower temperature to form an active ingredient of the cement.
  • the lower calcination temperature is from 700 ° C to 1200 ° C, preferably from 750 ° C to 1100 ° C.
  • the invention also provides a cement clinker mixture produced according to the above process.
  • the present invention provides a cement production facility for a rotary kiln that increases cement production and thermal energy utilization, and the production equipment includes a rotary kiln (12), a kiln head cover (11), and a grate cooler (9).
  • a feed port (16) is provided on the cover of the kiln head outside the kiln head (18) of the rotary kiln and/or at the grate cooler for feeding material into the kiln head cover and the grate cooler.
  • the feed port (16) may be one or more, and may be disposed at the side and/or the top of the cover of the kiln cover (11) and at the grate cooler.
  • the production apparatus may further comprise a material conveying device that delivers the material to be fed to the feed port (16).
  • the firing temperature of the obtained clinker is about 1250 ° C to 1450 ° C as described above.
  • the high temperature calcined clinker is discharged through the kiln head and enters the kiln head cover and the grate cooler.
  • the temperature of the unloading material is about 900 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the clinker is cooled by a grate cooler, and after cooling to about 200 ° C, the clinker is put into storage or sent to a cement mill.
  • the cement production method of the present invention utilizes the temperature of the high-temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head, and can be calcined at a lower temperature by secondary input (having a certain calorific value) outside the kiln head.
  • the material forming the cement active ingredient is calcined in the kiln head cover and the grate cooler, and cooled together with the clinker discharged from the kiln head to form the cement clinker mixture of the present invention. Since the calcined coal gangue and the like are rapidly calcined and rapidly cooled, the activity is much higher than that of the general cement mixture, so that when the same quality cement is ground, the clinker usage is decreased, thereby increasing the cement production.
  • the secondary calcination temperature is generally not more than 1200 ° C, not less than 700 ° C.
  • a preferred calcination temperature range is from about 750 ° C to 1100 ° C.
  • the specific calcination temperature is selected and varies with the materials that are input twice.
  • the secondary input of the material may be carried out through one or more feed ports provided at the side and/or the upper portion of the kiln head cover, or may be carried out by one or more feed ports provided at the position of the grate cooler near the kiln head, of course If necessary, it is also possible to set the feed port through the above two positions for feeding. A person skilled in the art can set the feed port according to actual production conditions as long as the production method of the present invention can be realized.
  • the high-temperature clinker discharged from the rotary kiln rolls off together, and is evenly spread on the surface layer of the high-temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head, and is cooled with the crucible. The machine moves forward.
  • the secondary input preferably has a certain calorific value and can be calcined at a lower temperature to form a cement active ingredient, mainly selected from industrial waste, slag and mining waste materials, such as coal gangue, stone coal, or Choose from clay, river and lake silt, shale and waste soil.
  • a cement active ingredient mainly selected from industrial waste, slag and mining waste materials, such as coal gangue, stone coal, or Choose from clay, river and lake silt, shale and waste soil.
  • carbonaceous materials such as inferior coal, stone coal, waste graphite, and peat may be added as needed to supplement the calorific value of the material.
  • an appropriate amount of calcium raw materials such as cooked stone ash, calcium carbide slag, etc., may be added as needed to supplement the material with insufficient calcium.
  • the present invention preferably uses coal gangue as the main raw material for secondary charging.
  • Coal gangue is a rock with a low carbon content and a harder coal than that contained in the coal seam. It is a general term for solid waste discharged during coal mining and coal washing. Since the chemical composition of coal gangue contains silicon, calcium and carbon, and even the composition of coal gangue of some mines is close to the cement raw material, it can be directly crushed and used as the secondary input material of the present invention.
  • proper addition of calcium raw materials and/or carbonaceous raw materials can expand the selection of coal gangue and increase the amount of coal gangue added, thereby increasing cement production.
  • the present invention can also use clay, river lake sludge, shale, waste dregs, etc. as the main raw materials for secondary charging. Taking the use of river and lake silt as an example, good results can also be achieved. Since such raw materials usually have a carbon content of 0 or very low, that is, they do not contain a calorific value, if necessary, materials having a higher heating value, such as inferior coal and the like, and coal gangue having a higher calorific value, may be added during the batching.
  • the secondary input calcined material according to the present invention generally does not need to undergo energy-consuming process steps such as grinding, steaming, pre-decomposition, etc., and only needs to be crushed to a certain particle size.
  • the material is broken up to particles having a maximum particle diameter of less than about 5 cm, preferably less than about 2 cm, using a conventional crusher, preferably particles having a maximum particle diameter of less than about 2 cm.
  • the secondary input calcined material of the present invention is present in an amount of from about 1% to 100% by weight relative to the weight of the clinker discharged from the rotary kiln.
  • the preferred secondary input calcined material of the present invention is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 70% by weight based on the weight of the clinker discharged from the rotary kiln. It should be understood that in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, an input of more than 70%, or even 100% or more, is possible depending on the quality of the material to be charged. As long as the quality of the cement is not significantly reduced, or the amount of total mixed material added is significantly reduced, it is feasible and within the scope of the claimed invention.
  • the secondary input calcined material of the present invention preferably contains a certain calorific value, and the calorific value thereof is expressed by the calorific value, and is generally in the range of about 100 KJ/kg to 12,000 KJ/kg. If the calorific value is too low, the secondary air temperature will be affected after the material is injected, and the coal consumption of the rotary kiln will be increased and the waste heat power generation will be reduced. If the calorific value is too high, it will cause partial over-burning. If the temperature is too high, it will adversely affect the quality of the clinker discharged from the rotary kiln that needs cooling in the grate cooler.
  • the secondary input calcined material used in the present invention may be directly applied without adding any other carbonaceous material.
  • the addition of an appropriate amount of carbonaceous material can expand the adaptability and range of choice of the main raw materials.
  • one of ordinary skill in the art can practice the invention by controlling the calorific value of the secondary input calcined material to an appropriate range.
  • the secondary feed calcination according to the present invention is completed with the progress of the grate cooler, generally does not need to adjust the running speed particularly complicated, but the air volume and the wind speed of each section in the grate cooler can be appropriately adjusted, so that the secondary input of the calcined material is Fully calcined.
  • the secondary input calcined material is relatively evenly laid on the surface layer of the high temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head, while the cold air of the grate cooler is blown from the bottom to the top, and the cold air passes through the unloading layer.
  • the high temperature clinker is cooled while providing oxygen combustion or high temperature heating calcination for the secondary calcination performed on its surface layer.
  • coal gangue is used as a secondary feed calcined material
  • the current cement rotary kiln production line equipment is taken as an example
  • the invention can be implemented by the following process steps:
  • the cement raw material is pretreated and then passed through a decomposition furnace.
  • the rotary kiln is calcined at a high temperature in the rotary kiln to become a calcined clinker, and then discharged from the kiln head into a grate cooler for quenching treatment.
  • the kiln head cover of the rotary kiln is provided with a feeding port through which the pretreated coal gangue is conveyed into the grate cooler, and the secondary input calcined material is rolled off with the unloading material, and is relatively flattened in the kiln.
  • a layer of coal gangue material is formed and conveyed forward with the conveyor belt of the grate cooler.
  • the coal gangue is calcined and burned at a high temperature due to the high temperature of the discharged high-temperature calcined clinker itself, and the coal gangue is usually burned at about 700 ° C to 1000 ° C, that is, "secondary charge calcination".
  • the calcined coal gangue becomes the active ingredient of the cement.
  • the secondary calcination can also significantly increase the secondary air temperature entering the rotary kiln, the decomposition furnace, and the tertiary air temperature for the waste heat power generation, thereby greatly saving the coal consumption of the kiln head and the coal consumption of the decomposition furnace, which are generated when calcined.
  • the heat can further increase the amount of power generated by the waste heat power generation.
  • the production method of the invention mainly comprises providing an opening in the kiln cover of the rotary kiln, through which the coal gangue which can be used as a cement active component is added from the upper part of the grate cooler, that is, the kiln head. , shale, stone coal or peat, etc., these materials are combined with the calcined high-temperature clinker, because the heat of the high-temperature clinker itself is rapidly calcined in the grate cooler, in the upper part of the high-temperature clinker, and then rapidly cooled. Produces a highly active cement admixture, which increases the cement content and increases cement production.
  • the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
  • the material for secondary calcination added by the present invention may be a material having low utilization value of coal gangue, inferior coal, shale, stone coal or peat, waste soil, etc., thereby significantly reducing cement production cost. , greatly increasing the output value of the cement industry;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rotary kiln cement production apparatus of the present invention, wherein 12 is a rotary kiln, 11 is a kiln head cover, 9 is a grate cooler, 16 is a feed port, and 18 is a kiln head; wherein an arrow indicates a secondary input material enters The direction of the kiln cover.
  • Fig. 2 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of coal gangue as a material on the strength of the cement of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the variation of the amount of coal gangue used as the material and the secondary and tertiary air temperatures and the heat of the residual heat.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the effect of different amounts of gangue mixture on the strength of the cement of the present invention. The best way to implement the invention
  • Example 1 Material with coal as secondary material
  • 12 is a rotary kiln
  • 11 is a kiln head cover
  • 9 is a grate cooler
  • 16 is a feed port
  • 17 is a material conveying device
  • 18 is a kiln head
  • 19 is Silo.
  • coal gangue with an average heat of 1600 KJ/kg is input from the feed port (16), and the input amount is the clinker output by the high temperature calcination of the rotary kiln. 25%, and the coal gangue has been previously broken into pellets having a diameter of less than 2 cm.
  • the coal gangue that is put in is rolled down to the grate cooler along with the high-temperature clinker discharged from the rotary kiln, and is evenly laid on the surface of the high-temperature clinker discharged from the kiln head, and moves forward with the grate cooler. .
  • the method for measuring the compressive strength and the flexural strength in this embodiment and the following examples adopts the national standard GB 175-2007.
  • the clinker used can be reduced from the original 580kg/ton to 500kg/ton, and the average clinker used is less than 80kg per ton of cement. Its own t ⁇ : 3 ⁇ 4 mouth 4:
  • the secondary feedstock added to the coal gangue calcination also achieves the following technical effects:
  • the secondary air temperature is increased by 60 °C on average, so that all the bituminous coal calcination is changed to 60% anthracite and 40% bituminous coal.
  • the third air temperature (for waste heat power generation) is increased by 100 °C, so that the electricity generated per ton of clinker is from 37. Increase to 43. .
  • the daily coal consumption is 5 tons.
  • the procurement cost of coal gangue is lower than the cost of mixed materials (coal ash, etc.), saving 40 yuan per ton, saving 11,000 yuan per day.
  • Example 2 Using the same method and equipment as in Example 1, when the clinker calcined at a high temperature in the rotary kiln enters the grate cooler through the kiln head cover, the shale is introduced from the feed port (16) as a secondary calcined material, and calcined and measured. The properties of the resulting mixed materials. See Table 7 for the feeding situation. When measuring the strength, 3% of gypsum was also added to the mixed material. The measurement results of each numbering in Table 7 are shown in Table 8.
  • Example 6 Materials with secondary coal and other materials as secondary feed
  • Example 7 Effect of secondary input materials on mixed clinker and energy utilization efficiency
  • the secondary input material is combined with the calcined high-temperature clinker, because the heat carried by the high-temperature clinker itself is rapidly calcined in the grate cooler and in the upper part of the high-temperature clinker, and becomes a highly active mixture.
  • the material which increases the cement composition, increases the cement production while hardly affecting the strength of the mixed clinker ( Figure 2).
  • the temperature of the wind entering the rotary kiln, the decomposition furnace, and the temperature of the wind for waste heat power generation are significantly improved.
  • the kiln head coal and the decomposition furnace coal are greatly saved, and the amount of waste heat power generation is increased.
  • Example 8 Using the sludge of a sewage treatment plant as a secondary feed material
  • the sludge from the sewage treatment plant is fed from the feed port (16) as a secondary calcined material.
  • the properties of the resulting mixed material were measured after calcination, wherein the sludge was dehydrated to a water content of 15% before charging.
  • the feeding conditions and strength measurement results are shown in Table 17 and Table 18, respectively.

Abstract

一种窑头外投料煅烧活性混合材的方法和由该方法获得的混合材,所述方法包括在回转窑窑头部位之外的窑头罩内和篦冷机内二次投入煤矸石、页岩、粘土、污泥、淤泥等可在较低温度下经煅烧形成水泥活性成分的物料,进行低温煅烧。一种用于实施该方法的水泥生产设备,其包括在窑头罩和/或篦冷机上设置二次投料的投料口。

Description

窑头外投料煅烧高活性混合材的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水泥生产方法。 具体而言, 本发明涉及一种对水泥回 转窑生产水泥熟料方法的重大改进, 即一种通过窑头外 "二次投料煅烧", 从而煅烧高活性混合材, 进而增加水泥产量的生产方法。 本发明的方法还 涉及一种筒便易行、 节能高效、 成本低廉地利用工矿业废渣作为物料进行 煅烧从而增加水泥产量的生产方法。 同时, 本发明的方法还涉及一种在水 泥熟料生产中提高能源利用效率, 降低水泥熟料生产煤耗, 并增加余热发 电的发电量的方法。 另外, 本发明还涉及用于实施本发明方法的设备。 背景技术
水泥为粉末状水硬性无机胶凝材料, 其经加水搅拌后可形成浆体, 能 将砂、 石、 钢材等材料牢固地胶结在一起, 并在空气或水中硬化, 是目前 建筑行业中用途最广、 用量最大的材料。 水泥虽然价格较低, 但消费量巨 大, 在建筑成本中占有重要份额。
近年来, 随着社会经济的发展, 我国水泥行业发展迅速, 其生产和消 费量约占世界总量的 45%左右。 2010年我国水泥产量达到 18.8亿吨, 并 具有相当大的发展空间。
目前, 我国水泥行业普遍采用干法 /湿法回转窑生产工艺, 以及窑外预 热分解技术。 以硅酸盐类水泥为例, 通常可将其工艺概括为 "两磨一烧", 即: 生料制备, 熟料煅烧, 和水泥粉磨。 其中 "生料制备" 是指, 把石灰 石、 粘土和其它辅助生料等经过物理处理, 如破碎和粉磨, 形成适于烧成 系统所需要的生料; "熟料煅烧" 由窑外预热分解、 窑内煅烧等过程组成, 经预热和分解的生料被送入回转窑内进行高温煅烧,烧成温度约为 1250°C 至 1450°C , 以实现熟料的烧成, 烧成后的高温熟料从窑头卸出, 经篦冷机 等熟料冷却机冷却, 输送至储存区或熟料磨机; "水泥粉磨" 是水泥制造 的最后工序, 其将水泥熟料、 混合材和必要的性能调节材料 /胶凝剂等粉磨 至适宜的粒度, 最终形成水泥成品。 另外, 大部分水泥生产线都配备了热 风利用和余热发电装置。
在上述生产工艺中, 需要特別指出的是, 经过大约 1250 °C至 1450°C 烧成后的熟料保持了较高的温度,一般窑头卸料温度约为 900 °C至 1200 °C。 为了保证熟料成分的矿物活性, 进而保证成品水泥的品质, 一般需要将该 煅烧后的熟料经急冷而使其温度迅速下降。 因此, 通常采用篦冷机或其它 冷却装置对熟料进行冷却。 例如, 通过在篦冷机中自下而上吹入冷空气。 通常情况下, 为了使该高温能量得到充分利用, 篦冷机的第一段、 第二段 的冷却风经熟料加热后, 平均温度在大约 900°C左右, 一部分引出送入回 转窑煅烧区, 另一部分引出进入窑外分解装置, 分別用于水泥熟料的煅烧 和水泥原料的分解等。 篦冷机第三段冷却风的平均温度在 400°C左右, 可 以用于余热发电和 /或用作煤磨的热源等。但即使如此, 煅烧熟料本身带有 的热量也未被充分利用。 例如 CN101407382A中披露了一种干法水泥余热 中窑头余热锅炉取风工艺的控制方法及其装置, 该发明涉及了通过控制和 调节熟料温度、 熟料流量、 熟料粒径、 料层厚度、 蓖冷机速度和风量 /风速 等, 在蓖冷机 600°C至 200°C区域取风的技术。
此外, 在现有水泥生产工艺中, 为了减少环境污染、 降低成本和提高 水泥产量, 在水泥生料配制, 以及混合材应用中, 普遍使用工业废渣、 矿 渣、 采矿废弃物等材料, 例如粉煤灰、 煤矸石、 高炉矿渣、 电石渣等。 甚 至, 现有技术涉及了直接大量使用工业废渣、 矿渣、 采矿废弃物等材料生 产水泥的方法。 例如 CN1072159A公开了一种低温煅烧水泥熟料的方法。 该方法使用粉煤灰、 煤矸石、 钢渣、 劣质煤等工业废料, 采用沸腾炉或流 化床, 在 950°C至 1100°C煅烧形成水泥熟料。 但是, 该方法需要对原料粉 磨 0.08筛余不大于 10% , 并采用沸腾炉或流化床。 CN1057821A中公开了 一种低温水泥生产方法。 该方法采用煤矸石和生石灰为主要原料, 通过常 压蒸养, 750 °C至 850 °C流化床煅烧, 生产水泥熟料。 该方法存在的主要问 题是, 需要对原料组合物进行长时间蒸养, 100°C , 4至 10小时, 并需要 加入晶种。 该方法受蒸养时间长, 流化床产能有限等条件限制, 难以实现 大规模应用。 CN1546410A也公开了类似的大量利用煤矸石生产复合水泥 的方法。 该方法需要在高温煅烧炉中对粉磨后的原料组合物进行煅烧, 煅 烧温度在 600 °C至 1000°C , 煅烧时间 1.5至 2.5小时, 并使用碱金属或碱 土金属激发剂。 CN1124724A还公开了一种采用立式煅烧窑, 在 1000 °C至 1500 °C煅烧, 利用煤矸石等生产水泥掺合料的方法。 该方法需要高温煅烧 6至 10小时, 并用水冷却烧结料。
综合以上现有技术可知, 在水泥工业领域, 人们在使用工业废渣、 矿 渣和采矿废弃物等材料生产水泥方面进行了大量的探索和实践, 但是这些 方法通常需要特殊的煅烧设备和 /或蒸养设备, 专门的生产线, 加入晶种或 激发剂, 以及对原料进行粉磨等实施条件, 这些因素导致水泥生产效率较 低, 质量不够稳定, 能源消耗较大, 最重要的是这些方法都不能与现行的 干法 /湿法回转窑生产工艺相融合或结合, 所以难以得到广泛应用和推广。 发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种利用回转窑 水泥生产线, 通过窑头外 "二次投料煅烧", 煅烧出高性能的混合材, 进 而提高水泥产量的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种筒便易行、 节能高效、 成本低廉地利 用工矿业废渣提高水泥产量的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种在水泥熟料生产中提高能源利用效 率, 降低水泥熟料生产煤耗, 并增加余热发电的发电量的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于实施上述煅烧高活性混合材生产方 法的设备, 以及对生产线上相关设备的改造。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种实施上述生产方法所生产的水泥熟 料及水泥。
为了便于理解本发明的技术方案, 首先对本发明所涉及的术语作如下 定义:
本发明所称的术语 "二次投料煅烧" 是指, 相对于在回转窑内进行的 常规生料投料和熟料煅烧而言, 本发明在回转窑窑头部位外侧, 二次投入 (最好具有一定热值)可在较低温度下经煅烧形成水泥活性成分的物料或 物料组合物, 利用从窑头卸出的高温熟料的温度进行煅烧, 该二次投料及 煅烧不是发生在回转窑内, 而是发生在回转窑窑头部位之外的窑头罩内和 篦冷机内。 所以, 相对于在回转窑内进行的投料煅烧而言, 本发明的方法 所涉及的投料煅烧被定义为 "二次投料煅烧", 所投入的物料被定义为 "二 次投入煅烧物料" 或 "二次投入物料"。
本发明所使用的术语 "窑头外" 是指回转窑的旋转窑体窑头端之外, 通常在此位置布置了窑头罩和篦冷机等装置。
从窑头卸出的高温熟料, 被称为 "卸出料"。 而本发明所述的提高水 泥产量, 实际上是指得到的水泥熟料包括来自回转窑经高温煅烧的 "卸出 料" 和经 "窑头外" "二次投料煅烧" 形成的高活性混合材。 本发明所述的 "高温煅烧", 是指通常的回转窑煅烧之烧成温度, 约 为 1250 °C至 1450°C ; 所述的二次煅烧温度或较低煅烧温度或低温煅烧之 温度, 不高于 1100 °C , —般约为 800°C至 1100°C。
本发明所述的 "混合材", 是指经二次煅烧后的物料。
本发明所述的 "水泥熟料混合物" 是指经二次煅烧后的物料和从窑头 卸出的物料的混合物。
具体而言, 本发明的技术方案如下:
一方面, 本发明提供一种窑头外投料煅烧活性混合材的方法, 所述方 法包括以下步骤:
在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 通过窑头外二 次投入可在较低温度下经煅烧形成水泥活性成分的物料, 进行低温煅烧。
其中二次投入的物料如具有热值, 经煅烧产生的热量可以用于提高二 次和三次风温以及用于发电, 因而可以具有节煤和增加余热发电量的效 果。 因此, 本发明的方法还是一种节煤和增加余热发电量的方法。
其中 "窑头外" 可以是窑头罩和 /或篦冷机靠近窑头罩的位置处。
其中,所述物料为经 700 °C至 1200 °C煅烧形成为水泥活性成分的物料, 所述物料具有的热值为其具有的热值为 OKJ/kg 至 12000KJ/kg , 优选 100KJ/kg至 12000KJ/kg;
优选地, 所述物料的最大颗粒直径小于 5cm, 优选小于 2cm。
通常, 所述物料包含第一原料, 所述第一原料选自煤矸石、 油页岩、 石煤、 粘土、 河湖淤泥、 页岩、 废渣土、 污水处理厂的污泥和泥炭中的一 种或几种, 优选为煤矸石、 页岩、 石煤、 泥炭中的一种或几种, 进一步优 选煤矸石。
此外, 所述物料还可以包含发热量较高的第二原料, 用于补充第一原 料的含热值的不足, 从而提高物料的含热值;
并且, 所述物料还可以包含含钙值较高的第三原料, 用于补充第一原 料的含钙值的不足, 从而提高物料的含钙值。
其中, 所述第二原料选自劣质煤、 废焦碳、 泥炭和废石墨中的一种或 几种; 所述第三原料为电石渣。
在从窑头外二次投入物料, 所述物料的投入量为经回转窑高温煅烧的 熟料的重量的 1%至 100% , 优选为 5%至 70%。
投入的物料为可在较低温度下经煅烧形成为水泥活性成分的物料, 此 较低煅烧温度为 700 °C至 1200 °C , 优选 750°C至 1100 °C。
另一方面, 本发明还提供了根据上述方法生产的水泥熟料混合物。 再一方面, 本发明提供了一种提高水泥产量以及热能利用率的回转窑 的水泥生产设备, 所述生产设备包括回转窑 ( 12 )、 窑头罩 (11 )、 篦冷机 ( 9 ), 在所述回转窑的窑头( 18 )外的窑头罩的罩体上和 /或篦冷机处设置 有投料口 (16 ), 用于向窑头罩和篦冷机内投入物料。
并且, 所述投料口 ( 16 )可以为一个或多个, 并且可以设置于所述窑 头罩 (11 ) 的罩体的侧面和 /或顶部以及篦冷机处。
优选地, 所述生产设备还可以包括物料输送装置, 其将要投入的物料 输送至所述投料口 (16 )。
以下是本发明的详细描述:
本发明的上述目的是采用如下技术方案来实现的:
如按照现有的回转窑水泥生产工艺进行熟料烧成, 所得熟料的烧成温 度如前所述大约在 1250°C至 1450°C。 经高温煅烧的熟料, 通过窑头卸出, 进入窑头罩和篦冷机, 卸出料的温度约在 900°C至 1200 °C。 常规水泥生产 工艺是, 采用篦冷机对上述熟料进行冷却, 冷却至大约 200°C后, 将熟料 入库或送水泥粉磨。 当然还可包括从篦冷机上部引出热风, 用于高温煅烧 和窑外预分解, 以及利用余热发电等。 相比之下, 本发明的水泥生产方法 是,充分利用了从窑头卸出的高温熟料的温度,通过在窑头外二次投入(具 有一定热值)可在较低温度下经煅烧形成水泥活性成分的物料, 在窑头罩 和篦冷机内完成对二次投入物料的煅烧, 并与从窑头卸出的熟料一同冷 却, 共同构成本发明的水泥熟料混合物。 由于被煅烧的煤矸石等物料经快 速煅烧又被急速冷却, 其活性远高于一般水泥混合材的活性, 因而在磨制 同等质量水泥时, 熟料使用量下降, 从而提高水泥的产量。
所述的二次煅烧温度, 最高温度一般不超过 1200 °C , 不低于 700°C。 优选的煅烧温度范围, 大约为 750°C至 1100°C。 具体煅烧温度选择, 随二 次投入的物料不同而变化。
可以通过在窑头罩侧部和 /或上部设置的一个或多个投料口进行物料 的二次投入, 也可以通过在篦冷机接近窑头位置设置的一个或多个投料口 进行, 当然如果必要, 还可以通过上述两个位置都设置投料口进行投料。 本领域技术人员可以根据实际生产情况进行投料口的设置, 只要可以实现 本发明的生产方法即可。 所述二次投入的物料从投料口投入后, 随着从回转窑卸出的高温熟料 一同滚落, 相对均匀地平铺在从窑头卸出的高温熟料的表层上面, 并随篦 冷机向前移动。
所述的二次投入最好具有一定热值并可在较低温度下煅烧形成水泥 活性成分的物料, 主要选自工业废渣、 矿渣和采矿废弃物等材料, 例如煤 矸石、 石煤, 也可以选自粘土、 河湖淤泥、 页岩和废渣土等。 另外, 根据 需要可加入适量的含碳材料, 如劣质煤、 石煤、 废石墨和泥炭等, 以补充 所述物料的热值。 另外, 根据需要还可以加入适量的钙质原料, 例如熟石 灰、 电石渣等, 以补充所述物料含钙量不足。 在现有技术中, 已有若干篇 文献披露了利用煤矸石作为主要原料, 生产低温水泥的工艺方法, 这里可 以部分地引用, 但仅作参考。 相信本领域普通技术人员, 可以在理解本发 明的核心技术方案之后, 根据因地制宜所选用的主要原料, 完成本发明所 述物料的组成配比。 当然这些为实现本发明目的而完成的物料配比方案, 均在本发明所要求的保护范围之内。
本发明优选使用煤矸石作为二次投料的主要原料。 煤矸石是夹杂在煤 层中的含碳量较低、 比煤更坚硬的岩石, 是采煤和洗煤过程中排出的固体 废弃物的总称。 由于煤矸石的化学成分中含有硅、 钙和碳, 甚至某些矿山 的煤矸石的成分接近于水泥生料, 可以直接破碎后用作本发明所述的二次 投入物料。 当然, 以煤矸石作为主要原料, 适当地补充钙质原料和 /或含碳 原料可以扩大对煤矸石的选择范围, 并提高煤矸石的加入量, 从而提高水 泥产量。
本发明还可以使用粘土、 河湖淤泥、 页岩、 废渣土等作为二次投料的 主要原料。 以使用河湖淤泥为例, 同样也可以取得良好效果。 由于此类原 料通常碳含量为 0或非常低, 即不含有热值, 所以必要时在配料时可加入 含热值较高的材料, 如劣质煤等、 热值较高的煤矸石等。
不言而喻, 按照本发明的指示, 选用其它工矿业废弃物或城建废弃物 作为二次投料的主要原料, 或者选用其中的一种或多种进行组合作为为二 次投料的主要原料, 也可以实现本发明的目的。
本发明所述的二次投入煅烧物料一般不需要进行粉磨、 蒸养、 预分解 等耗能工艺步骤, 只需筒单地破碎到一定粒度即可。 例如, 使用常规的破 碎机, 将所述物料破碎到最大颗粒直径小于约 5cm、 优选小于约 2cm的颗 粒, 优选最大颗粒直径小于约 2cm的颗粒。 本发明所述的二次投入煅烧物料的量为, 相对于从回转窑卸出熟料重 量的约 1%至 100% (重量)。 如果投入量过小, 水泥增产效果不明显; 如 果投入量过大, 有可能降低本发明水泥的质量。 本发明优选的二次投入煅 烧物料的量为, 相对于从回转窑卸出熟料重量的约 5%至 70% (重量)。 应 该理解, 按照本发明的指示, 投入量超过 70%, 甚至 100%或以上都是可 能的, 这要视所投入物料的质量而定。 只要不明显降低水泥质量, 或明显 减少总混合材的加入量, 都是可行的, 也都在本发明所要求保护的范围之 内。
本发明所述的二次投入煅烧物料最好含有一定热值, 其所含热值用发 热量表示, 一般在约 100KJ/kg至 12000KJ/kg范围。 发热量过低, 物料投 入后会影响二次风温度,增加旋窑煅烧煤耗和减少余热发电。发热量过高, 则会造成局部过烧, 温度过高, 会对篦冷机中需要冷却的回转窑卸出熟料 的质量产生不利影响。 用于本发明的二次投入煅烧物料, 有的不需要添加 任何其它含碳材料, 即可直接应用。 但从广义上说, 添加适量的含碳材料 可以扩大主要原料的适应性和可选范围。 总而言之, 按照本发明的指示, 对本领域普通技术人员而言, 将二次投入煅烧物料的热值控制在适当范围 内, 都可以实施本发明。
本发明所述的二次投料煅烧随篦冷机前进完成, 一般不需要特別复杂 地调节其运行速度, 但可以适当地调节篦冷机内各区段的风量和风速, 以 便二次投入煅烧物料被充分煅烧。 这里要特別说明的是, 事实上二次投入 煅烧物料相对均匀地平铺在从窑头卸出的高温熟料的表层上面, 而篦冷机 冷风从下向上吹送, 冷风穿过卸出料层对高温熟料进行冷却, 同时给在其 表层上面所进行的二次煅烧提供氧气助燃或高温加热煅烧。 由于向上送 风, 二次煅烧火焰向上, 所以不会对卸出料的冷却进程产生不利影响, 这 也正是本发明巧妙和非显而易见之所在。 另外一个意想不到的附带效果 是, 当二次投入煅烧物料含有可燃物时, 其燃烧发热提高了向回转窑送风 和分解炉送风的温度从而节约熟料烧成的煤耗, 同时还提高了余热发电的 发电量。
根据本发明的具体实施方式, 以煤矸石作为二次投料煅烧物料、 并以 现行的水泥回转窑生产线设备为例, 可以通过下述工艺步骤实施本发明: 水泥原料经预处理后经分解炉进入回转窑, 在该回转窑中经过高温煅 烧后成为经煅烧的熟料, 然后从窑头卸料进入篦冷机进行急冷处理。 在回 转窑的窑头罩上开设有投料口, 通过该投料口将经过预处理的煤矸石输送 进篦冷机内, 二次投入煅烧物料随卸出料滚落, 相对均勾地平铺在从窑头 卸出的高温熟料的表层上面, 形成一层煤矸石物料层, 并随篦冷机输送带 向前传送。 此时, 由于卸出的高温煅烧熟料本身所带有的高温, 并且煤矸 石通常在 700 °C至 1000 °C左右燃烧,因此煤矸石被高温煅烧和燃烧,即 "二 次投料煅烧"。 经煅烧的煤矸石成为水泥的活性成分。 此外, 此二次煅烧 还可以使进入回转窑、 分解炉内的二次风温和用于余热发电的三次风温明 显提高, 从而大大节约了窑头煤耗和分解炉煤耗, 其被煅烧时产生的热量 可进一步提高余热发电的发电量。
与现有技术相比, 本发明的生产方法主要包括在回转窑的窑头罩上设 置开口, 经该开口从蓖冷机的上部即窑头加入经破碎好的可以作为水泥活 性成分的煤矸石、 页岩、 石煤或泥炭等, 这些物料与经煅烧的高温熟料组 合, 由于高温熟料本身带有的热量在篦冷机中、 在高温熟料的上部被迅速 煅烧, 再被快速冷却生成活性很高的水泥混合材, 从而增加了水泥成分, 提高了水泥产量。 同时由于这些物质的煅烧和自燃产生的热量, 从而使进 入回转窑、 分解炉内的风温和用于余热发电的风温明显提高, 从而大大节 约了窑头煤和分解炉煤, 并且余热发电量增加 (见图 3、 4 )。 特別是在低 发热量煤炭和高发热量煤炭差价显著的地区, 可以使用较低发热量的煤炭 来代替高发热量的煤炭, 例如用 5000大卡的煤替代 5500大卡的煤, 从而 大大降低煤的采购成本, 而且, 由于二次、 三次风温的提高, 还可以用无 烟煤来代替烟煤, 在无烟煤和烟煤差价大的地区就可以大大节约煤的采购 成本。
除上述技术效果外, 本发明还至少具有以下有益效果:
( 1 )本发明所加入的进行二次煅烧的物料可以采用煤矸石、 劣质煤、 页岩、 石煤或泥炭、 废土等工矿业所产利用价值低的物料, 因此可以明显 降低水泥生产成本, 较大地提高了水泥行业的产出值;
( 2 ) 在实施本发明的生产方法时, 仅需要在现有水泥生产设备上增 加一个或多个可以通过窑头加入二次煅烧物料的投料装置即可实施。 因 此, 设备改进方法筒单, 无需投入过多的设备改进成本。 附图说明
以下, 结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案及有益效果, 其中: 图 1是本发明的回转窑水泥生产设备的示意图, 其中 12为回转窑, 11 为窑头罩, 9为篦冷机, 16为投料口, 18为窑头; 其中箭头表示二次 投入物料进入窑头罩的方向。
图 2是单独采用煤矸石作为物料, 其不同加入量对本发明水泥强度的 影响曲线图。
图 3是单独采用煤矸石作为物料, 其不同加入量与二次风和三次风温 度以及余热发热量的变化曲线图。
图 4是煤矸石混合物不同加入量对本发明水泥强度的影响曲线图。 实施发明的最佳方式
下面通过实施例详细说明本发明, 应当理解, 下述实施例仅用于说明 本发明, 而不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。 实施例 1 以煤 石为二次投料的物料
现以煤矸石作为二次投料的物料, 说明本发明的水泥生产方法。
如图 1所示, 本发明的回转窑水泥生产设备中 12为回转窑, 11为窑头 罩, 9为篦冷机, 16为投料口, 17为物料输送装置, 18为窑头, 19为料 仓。
在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过窑头罩进入篦冷机时,从投料口( 16 ) 投入平均热量为 1600KJ/kg的煤矸石, 投入量为经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料 产出量的 25%, 并且该煤矸石已预先破碎成直径小于 2cm的粒料。投入的 煤矸石随着从回转窑卸出的高温熟料一同滚落到篦冷机上, 相对均勾地平 铺在从窑头卸出的高温熟料的表层上面, 并随篦冷机向前移动。 此时, 从 篦冷机的下方自下向上吹入冷风, 冷风穿过料层对高温熟料进行冷却。 由 于从回转窑卸出的熟料本身带有 900°C至 1200°C的高温, 并且所吹入的冷 风进一步提供了助燃的氧气, 因此二次投料的煤矸石在高温和氧气作用下 被迅速加热煅烧, 并在篦冷机内快速冷却。
经煅烧后单独检出煤矸石, 经分析化学成份如下表 1 :
表 1
Figure imgf000011_0001
按照上述方法, 从窑头外投入不同量的煤矸石, 经煅烧后测量所得的 混合材的性能。 投料情况见表 2。 在测量强度时, 还向混合材中加入 3% 的石膏。 表 2中各编号情况的测量结果见表 3。
表 2 投料情况
Figure imgf000012_0001
在预先破碎二次投入的物料时, 其直径约有 90%为小于 2cm, 其余为 小于 5cm。 下面的实施例情况皆同。 混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000012_0002
本实施例和下面实施例中测量抗压强度和抗折强度的方法采用国家 标准 GB 175-2007。
此外, 以 PC32.5 水泥为例, 在同等出厂水泥强度的条件下, 所用熟 料可以从原先的 580kg/吨, 降到 500kg/吨, 平均每吨水泥少用标准熟料 80kg。 其酉己 t匕: ¾口下 4:
表 4
Figure imgf000013_0001
出磨水泥性能如下表 6:
表 6
Figure imgf000013_0002
实际应用证明: 以生产 PC32.5 水泥为例, 在原有基础上, 水泥产量 增加了 16%, 并且是在降低成本的基础上达到了以上增产效益。
并且, 二次投料加入煤矸石煅烧还达到了以下技术效果:
1、 二次风温平均提高 60°C , 从而原来全部使用烟煤煅烧改为 60%的 无烟煤和 40%的烟煤混烧。
2、 三次风温 (用于余热发电)提高 100°C , 使吨熟料发电量从 37。 增加到 43。 。
3、 每天节煤量 5吨。
同时, 使用上述技术在泸州兰良水泥有限公司日产 1800吨熟料生产 线上的应用, 实现的实际降氏成本效果如下:
1、 使用无烟煤代替部分烟煤, 差价 100元 /吨, 共替代 160吨 /天, 节 约 16000元 /天。
2、 节煤 5吨 /天, 900元 /吨, 共 4500元 /天。
3、 余热发电量增加 10000度, 节约 6500元。
4、 煤矸石的采购成本低于混合材(煤灰等) 成本, 每吨节约 40元, 每天节约 11000元。
5、 节约标准熟料 144 , 节约 200 X 144=28800元。 以上措施共实现 降低生产成本 66800元 /天。 以上实施的是仅仅使用发热量只有 1600KJ/kg煤矸石, 而且使用量只 有综合煅烧熟料 20%的情况下取得的, 若煤矸石资源丰富, 与普通活性混 合材(如粉煤灰) 差价大的地区或使用量再增加节约成本将更显著。 实施例 2 以页岩为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入页岩作为二次煅烧的物料, 经 煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能。 投料情况见表 7。 在测量强度时, 还向 混合材中加入 3%的石膏。 表 7中各编号情况的测量结果见表 8。
投料情况
混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000014_0002
实施例 3 以泥炭为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入泥炭作为二次煅烧的物料, 经 煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能。 投料情况见表 9。 在测量强度时, 还向 混合材中加入 3%的石膏。 表 9中各编号情况的测量结果见表 10。
表 9 投料情况 熟料 泥炭 泥炭的热值 泥炭预先破碎的直 编号
(重量份) (重量份) ( KJ/kg ) 径 ( cm )
1 100 0
2 80 20 1500 < 2
3 60 40 1500 < 2 混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000015_0001
实施例 4 以石煤为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入石煤作为二次煅烧的物料, 经 煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能。 投料情况见表 11。 在测量强度时, 还向 混合材中加入 3%的石膏。 表 11中各编号情况的测量结果见表 12。
投料情况
Figure imgf000015_0002
混合材的性能检测结果
编号 抗折强度 ( Mpa ) 抗压强度 ( Mpa ) 凝结时间
3天 28天 3天 28天 初凝 终凝
1 6.0 9.0 30.1 53.4 165 220
2 5.4 8.4 25.8 47.3 180 235 3 4.3 6.9 18.4 38.7 185 250 实施例 5 以煤 石和其它物料为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入煤矸石和其他物料的混合物作 为二次煅烧的物料,经煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能。投料情况见表 13。 在测量强度时, 还向混合材中加入 3%的石膏。 表 13中各编号情况的测量 结果见表 14。
投料情况
Figure imgf000016_0001
混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000016_0002
实施例 6 以劣质煤和其它物料为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入劣质煤和其他物料的混合物作 为二次煅烧的物料。经煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能。投料情况见表 15。 在测量强度时, 还向混合材中加入 3%的石膏。 表 15中各编号情况的测量 结果见表 16。
投料情况
Figure imgf000017_0001
混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000017_0002
实施例 7 二次投入物料对混合熟料、 能源利用效率的影响
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 测定了二次投入不同量的煤矸石 对混合熟料强度的影响, 以及对二次三次风温及余热发电变化的影响, 结 果见图 2-4。
从图中可见, 二次投入的物料与经煅烧的高温熟料组合, 由于高温熟料 本身带有的热量在篦冷机中、 在高温熟料的上部被迅速煅烧, 成为活性非常 高的混合材, 从而增加了水泥成分, 提高了水泥产量, 同时几乎不影响混合 熟料的强度(图 2 )。 同时由于这些二次投入物质的煅烧和自燃产生的热量, 从而使进入回转窑、 分解炉内的风温和用于余热发电的风温明显提高, 从而 大大节约了窑头煤和分解炉煤, 并且余热发电量增加。 实施例 8 以污水处理厂的污泥为二次投料的物料
采用和实施例 1相同的方法和设备, 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过 窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 从投料口 ( 16 )投入污水处理厂的污泥作为二次煅 烧的物料, 经煅烧后测量所得的混合材的性能, 其中在投料前将所述污泥 脱除水分至水含量为 15%。投料情况和强度测量结果分別见表 17和表 18。
投料情况
Figure imgf000018_0001
混合材的性能检测结果
Figure imgf000018_0002

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种窑头外投料煅烧活性混合材的方法, 所述方法包括以下步骤: 在经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料通过窑头罩进入篦冷机时, 通过窑头外二 次投入可在较低温度下经煅烧形成水泥活性成分的物料, 进行低温煅烧。
2、 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述窑头外为窑头罩 和 /或篦冷机靠近窑头罩位置处。
3、根据权利要求 1或 2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述物料为经 700 °C ~1200 °C煅烧形成为水泥活性成分的物料, 其具有的热值为 OKJ/kg 至 12000KJ/kg, 优选 100KJ/kg至 12000KJ/kg;
优选地, 所述物料的最大颗粒直径小于 5cm, 优选最大颗粒直径小于
2cm。
4、 根据权利要求 1至 3 中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述物 料包含第一原料, 且所述第一原料选自煤矸石、 油页岩、 石煤、 粘土、 河 湖淤泥、 页岩、 废渣土、 污水处理厂的污泥和泥炭中的一种或几种; 优选 为煤矸石、 页岩、 石煤和泥炭中的一种或几种, 进一步优选煤矸石。
5、 根据权利要求 1至 4中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述物 料还包含发热量较高的第二原料;
优选地, 所述物料还包含含钙值较高的第三原料;
优选地, 所述第二原料选自煤、 劣质煤、 废焦碳、 泥炭和废石墨中的 一种或几种; 所述第三原料为电石渣。
6、 根据权利要求 1至 5 中任一项所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述物 料的投入量为经回转窑高温煅烧的熟料的重量的 1%至 100%, 优选为 5% 至 70%。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6中任一项中所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述 低温煅烧温度为 700 °C至 1200 °C , 优选 750°C至 1100 °C。
8、 一种根据权利要求 1至 7中任一项所述的方法生产的水泥熟料混 合物。
9、 一种提高水泥产量以及热能利用率的回转窑水泥生产设备, 所述 生产设备包括回转窑 ( 12)、 窑头罩 (11)、 篦冷机(9), 其特征在于, 在 所述回转窑的窑头( 18)外的窑头罩( 11 )的罩体上和 /或篦冷机处设置有 投料口 (16), 用于向窑头罩和 /或篦冷机内投入物料。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的生产设备, 其特征在于, 所述投料口 (16) 为一个或多个, 位于所述窑头罩(11 )的罩体的侧面和 /或顶部以及篦冷机 处。
11、 根据权利要求 9或 10所述的生产设备, 其特征在于, 所述生产 设备还包括物料输送装置, 用于将所述物料输送至所述投料口 (16)。
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