WO2013073585A1 - ランプ信号発生回路及びcmosイメージセンサ - Google Patents
ランプ信号発生回路及びcmosイメージセンサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013073585A1 WO2013073585A1 PCT/JP2012/079535 JP2012079535W WO2013073585A1 WO 2013073585 A1 WO2013073585 A1 WO 2013073585A1 JP 2012079535 W JP2012079535 W JP 2012079535W WO 2013073585 A1 WO2013073585 A1 WO 2013073585A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
- H03K4/06—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape
- H03K4/08—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having triangular shape having sawtooth shape
- H03K4/90—Linearisation of ramp; Synchronisation of pulses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K4/00—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
- H03K4/02—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
- H03K4/026—Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform using digital techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/0617—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence
- H03M1/0634—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale
- H03M1/0643—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale in the spatial domain
- H03M1/0646—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale in the spatial domain by analogue redistribution among corresponding nodes of adjacent cells, e.g. using an impedance network connected among all comparator outputs in a flash converter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/74—Circuitry for scanning or addressing the pixel array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/75—Circuitry for providing, modifying or processing image signals from the pixel array
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/1205—Multiplexed conversion systems
- H03M1/123—Simultaneous, i.e. using one converter per channel but with common control or reference circuits for multiple converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/50—Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to time interval
- H03M1/56—Input signal compared with linear ramp
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a ramp signal generation circuit and a CMOS image sensor.
- Patent Document 1 describes a technique for AD-converting an analog signal output from each pixel in the field of a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- a ramp-shaped reference voltage is supplied to the comparator, and at the same time, counting with a clock signal is started.
- the analog signal input from the pixel having the light receiving element becomes equal to the reference voltage, the counting operation is stopped and the count value at that time is latched as pixel data.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 also describe similar techniques.
- one comparator is arranged for each column of pixels arranged in a two-dimensional grid. Further, a reference voltage is supplied from one reference voltage generation unit to all the comparators. When such a configuration is adopted, a difference occurs in timing until the reference voltage reaches the comparator of each column. In particular, the distortion of the waveform increases in a comparator that is far from the reference voltage generator. In order to improve the accuracy of the image sensor, it is necessary to reduce these timing differences and waveform distortions. To this end, the power consumption of the reference voltage generator must be increased.
- the ramp signal generation circuit can be configured, for example, as a circuit that connects a constant current source and a capacitor, and charges and discharges the capacitor using the constant current source.
- the gradient of the ramp signal generated by the ramp signal generation circuit varies due to variations in transistors constituting the constant current source and variations in capacitors.
- the size of the transistor and capacitor must be reduced, resulting in greater variations in the transistor and capacitor, resulting in a ramp signal gradient. Variations also increase.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a ramp signal generation circuit and a CMOS image sensor using the ramp signal generation circuit, which are intended to solve the above-described problem and have a small variation in gradient of the generated ramp signal.
- a ramp signal generation circuit includes a plurality of unit circuits each including a capacitor having a fixed potential at one end and a current source connected to the other end of the capacitor.
- the other ends of the capacitors included in the plurality of unit circuits are connected to each other by a wiring member.
- each of the other ends of the capacitors included in the plurality of unit circuits is connected to each other by the wiring member. Regardless, the current passes through the wiring connecting the other ends of the capacitors of the plurality of unit circuits so that the voltages of the capacitors are equal. Therefore, the variation in the gradient of the ramp signal generated by the plurality of unit circuits is reduced.
- the ramp signal generation circuit may further include a switch for connecting the other end of the capacitor to the reference potential line. According to this, by connecting the other end of the capacitor to the reference potential line, it is possible to determine the initial value of the voltage when generating the ramp signal.
- the capacitance values of the capacitors included in the plurality of unit circuits are all designed to be equal to each other, and the magnitude of the current flowing from the current source included in the plurality of unit circuits. May all be designed to be equal. According to this, since the capacitance values of the capacitors included in all the unit circuits and the current values of the current sources are substantially equal, the slopes of the ramp signals generated by the unit circuits are substantially equal.
- a CMOS image sensor includes a pixel array having pixels arranged in a two-dimensional array of a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns, and a column parallel ADC having the ramp signal generation circuit described above.
- Each of the plurality of unit circuits included in the generation circuit is provided corresponding to each column of the pixel array.
- CMOS image sensor since the variation in the slope of the ramp signal generated by each of the plurality of unit circuits corresponding to each column of the pixel array is reduced, the column parallel ADC that performs AD conversion based on the ramp signal. The variation in characteristics of each column is reduced, and the variation in characteristics of the CMOS image sensor for each column is reduced.
- the column parallel ADC includes a column ADC connected to a pixel of each column of the pixel array, and the column ADC includes a unit circuit included in the ramp signal generation circuit, and a pixel array.
- the variation in the slope of the ramp signal generated and output by each of the plurality of unit circuits is small.
- the output of the voltage comparator that compares the output of the unit circuit with the output of the pixel in each column of the pixel array and the variation of the output of the counter based on the output of the voltage comparator for each column are also reduced. For this reason, the dispersion
- the ramp signal generation circuit of the present invention it is possible to generate a ramp signal with a small gradient variation.
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a ramp signal generation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows the relative error of the gradient of the ramp signal which the ramp signal generation circuit which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention generate
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a CMOS image sensor including a ramp signal generation circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the CMOS image sensor 1 is a device for converting an optical signal received for each pixel into an electric signal and outputting it.
- the CMOS image sensor 1 includes a pixel array 10 and a column parallel ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) 20.
- the pixel array 10 receives light and outputs an analog signal corresponding to the received light intensity to the column parallel ADC 20 at the subsequent stage.
- the pixel array 10 includes pixels 11 11 to 11 1N , 11 21 to 11 2N ,..., 11 M1 to 11 MN arranged two-dimensionally in M rows and N columns.
- Each pixel 11 has a known configuration using, for example, a photodiode and a MOS transistor.
- a switch 12 ij is connected to each pixel 11 ij (i is an integer from 1 to M, j is an integer from 1 to N) arranged in the i-th row and j-th column.
- the electrical signal from the pixel 11 ij is read by turning on the switch 12 ij and is output to the column ADC 20 j in the j-th column among the column parallel ADCs 20 in the subsequent stage.
- the column parallel ADC 20 is a part for reading out analog electric signals from the N columns of pixels 11 of the pixel array 10 and AD-converting them to output as digital values.
- the column parallel ADC 20 is an AD converter called a so-called integral AD converter, and includes a ramp signal generation circuit 21, voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N , and counters 24 1 to 24 N. .
- the column parallel ADC 20 is divided into N column ADCs 20 1 to 20 N.
- the column ADC 20 j (j is an integer not smaller than 1 and not larger than N) is connected to the pixels 11 1j to 11 Mj in the j-th column and includes a unit circuit 22 j , a voltage comparator 23 j , and a counter 24 j , respectively. Yes.
- the ramp signal generation circuit 21 includes N unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N.
- the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N are connected to the input terminals of the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N in the same column, respectively.
- Each of the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N includes a capacitor 26 and a current source 27.
- the capacitors 26 of the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N are designed to have the same capacitance value.
- One end 26a of the capacitor 26 is connected to the power supply line VDD, and the potential is fixed.
- the other end 26 b of the capacitor 26 is connected to the current source 27.
- One end of a switch 25 is connected to the other end 26b of the capacitor 26, and the other end of the switch 25 is connected to a power supply line VDD (reference potential line).
- the switch 25 is a switch for connecting the other end 26b of the capacitor 26 to the power supply line VDD.
- the switch 25 short-circuits one end 26a and the other end 26b of the capacitor 26 before the ramp signal generating circuit 21 starts a ramp signal generating operation, and resets the potential of the other end 26b to the potential of the power supply line VDD.
- each of the other ends 26b of the capacitors included in the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N is connected to each other by a metal wiring (wiring member) W.
- the current sources 27 1 to 27 N of the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N are designed so that the magnitudes of the currents to be supplied are all equal.
- equal includes the case where the capacitance value of the capacitor and the current value of the current source vary within a range that can vary due to manufacturing variations. Specifically, the effect of the present embodiment is suitably obtained when the variation in element values is within a range of about 20%.
- the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N compare the analog signal output from the pixel array 10 with the ramp signal output from the ramp signal generation circuit 21, and according to the magnitude relationship between the analog signal and the ramp signal, Outputs a voltage level signal.
- the counters 24 1 to N count the time until the voltage level of the signal output from the voltage comparators 23 1 to N changes, and output the counted result.
- CMOS image sensor 1 An operation at the time of reading in the CMOS image sensor 1 configured as described above will be described.
- reading is generally performed simultaneously for one row of pixels 11.
- the switch 25 is turned on to reset the voltage at the other end 26b of the capacitor 26 to VDD.
- the switches 12 i1 to 12 iN in the i-th row are turned on and the switches 12 other than the i-th row are turned off, and the outputs of the pixels 11 i1 to 11 iN are sent to one of the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N. Connect to each input.
- the switch 25 is turned off to start the ramp signal generation operation in the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N , and the ramp signal is input as a reference signal to the other inputs of the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N.
- the counters 24 1 to 24 N start counting simultaneously with the start of the ramp signal generation operation in the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N.
- the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N generate a ramp signal that decreases monotonously. Therefore, at first, the ramp signal output from the unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N has a higher voltage than the analog signal output from the pixels 11 i1 to 11 iN , but when the voltage of the ramp signal decreases, The voltage becomes lower than the analog signal output from the pixels 11 i1 to 11 iN .
- the counters 24 1 to 24 N stop counting when the outputs of the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N change, and output the counting results as digital signals. If the voltage of the analog signal output from the pixels 11 i1 to 11 iN is low, the time until the output of the voltage comparators 23 1 to 23 N changes becomes longer. Therefore, the digital signal output from the counters 24 1 to 24 N The value of becomes larger. In this way, analog signals output from the pixels 11 i1 to 11 iN are AD-converted and output by the counters 24 1 to 24 N.
- the analog signal from the pixel 11 is converted into a digital signal by the operation as described above. Therefore, if the gradient of the ramp signal supplied from the ramp signal generation circuit 21 to the voltage comparator 23 varies, the counter 24 is directly used. This leads to variations in the output value. Therefore, in order to suppress the variation for each column of the column parallel ADC 20 and increase the accuracy, it is necessary to suppress the variation in the gradient of the ramp signal generated by the ramp signal generation circuit 21.
- the ramp signal generation circuit 21 is configured by arranging N unit circuits 22 1 to 22 N side by side.
- the i-th unit circuit 22 i includes a capacitor 26 i and a current source 27 i .
- Capacitor 26 i is connected between power supply line VDD and node 28 i .
- the current source 27 i is connected between the node 28 i and the ground line GND.
- the current source 27 i is realized by operating an element such as a MOS transistor at a constant current.
- the node 28 i and the node 28 i + 1 are connected by a metal wiring W.
- the electric resistance of the metal wiring W is represented as wiring resistance 29 i in FIG.
- the potential of the node 28 i is V Ri
- the current flowing from the current source 27 i is I Bi
- the current flowing out from the capacitor 26 i is I Ci
- the current flowing from the node 28 i to the node 28 i + 1 is I Ri .
- the capacitance value of the capacitor 26 i is C i
- the reciprocal (conductance) of the wiring resistance between the node 28 i and the node 28 i + 1 is g i .
- C and G are matrices represented by the following equations (3) and (4), respectively.
- the variation in the gradient of the potential of the ramp signal is the variation in the capacitance value C i of the capacitor 26 i , the variation in the current value I Bi of the current source 27 i , and the node 28 i . It can be seen that it varies depending on the wiring resistance g i between the nodes 28 i + 1 .
- FIGS. In the following, N 1024.
- the wiring resistance value in the description of FIGS. 3 to 5 is a resistance value between the adjacent node 28 i and the node 28 i + 1 . 3 and FIG. 4, the standard deviations of the capacitance values of the capacitors 26 1 to 26 1024 and the current values of the current sources 27 1 to 27 1024 are calculated as 5% of the respective average values.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a relative error in the gradient of the ramp signal generated by the ramp signal generation circuit 21.
- the horizontal axis indicates the column number of the unit circuit 22.
- the vertical axis indicates the relative error of the slope of the ramp signal generated by each unit circuit 22.
- the wiring resistance is 1 M ⁇
- the relative error of the gradient of the ramp signal is about 2.5% at maximum.
- the wiring resistance is reduced to 1 k ⁇
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient is reduced to about 0.1%. If the wiring resistance is further reduced to 1 ⁇ , the relative error of the ramp signal gradient is almost zero, and the variation in the ramp signal gradient is almost eliminated. Note that the value of 1 ⁇ of the wiring resistance is a value that can be sufficiently realized even when a circuit is actually manufactured.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relative error between the wiring resistance and the ramp signal gradient.
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient is approximately 0.07. This value of 0.07 is approximately twice the root of 0.05, and the relative values of the standard deviations of the two quantities, the capacitance value of the capacitors 26 1 to 26 1024 and the current value of the current sources 27 1 to 27 1024 , respectively. It is a value calculated from the value 0.05 by the law of error propagation.
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient becomes smaller. For example, when the wiring resistance is set to 1 ⁇ , the relative error of the ramp signal gradient is 2.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 , which is reduced to 1/260000 compared to the case where the wiring resistance is set to 1 G ⁇ .
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the relative value of the standard deviation of the capacitance values of the capacitors 26 1 to 26 1024 and the current values of the current sources 27 1 to 27 1024 and the relative error of the ramp signal gradient.
- the calculation is performed by changing the wiring resistance value from 1 ⁇ to 1 G ⁇ .
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient increases, the relative error of the ramp signal gradient also tends to increase.
- FIG. 5 also shows that the relative error of the ramp signal gradient can be reduced by reducing the wiring resistance.
- the wiring resistance is 1 ⁇ .
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient is suppressed to an extremely small value of about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 . Therefore, by reducing the capacitor 26 and reducing the current value of the current source 27 in order to reduce power consumption, each node 28 can be made of a low-resistance metal even if the variation of the capacitor 26 and the current source 27 increases.
- the relative error of the ramp signal gradient can be kept small. Therefore, while ensuring the necessary accuracy, the current value of the current source 27 can be reduced to reduce power consumption, and at the same time, the size of the capacitor 26 and the size of the elements constituting the current source 27 can be reduced and reduced. The area can be increased.
- the ramp signal generation circuit 21 includes a plurality of units each including the capacitor 26 having a fixed potential at one end and the current source 27 connected to the other end of the capacitor 26.
- a circuit 22 is provided, and the other ends of the capacitors 26 included in the plurality of unit circuits are connected to each other. Therefore, the other ends of the capacitors 26 included in the plurality of unit circuits 22 are connected so that the voltages of the capacitors 26 become equal regardless of variations in the capacitance value of the capacitors 26 and the magnitude of the current flowing through the current source 27. Current passes through the wiring. Therefore, the variation in the gradient of the ramp signal generated by the plurality of unit circuits 22 is reduced.
- the ramp signal generation circuit according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the capacitor 26 is connected between the node 28 and the ground line GND
- the current source 27 is connected between the power supply line VDD and the node 28, and the ramp signal generated by the unit circuit 22 is monotonously increased. It is good also as a signal to do.
- the ramp signal generation circuit according to the present invention is not limited to a CMOS image sensor, and the ramp signal generation circuit according to the present invention may be used in various circuits that use the ramp signal as a reference signal. it can. Further, as a material of the wiring member that connects the node 28 i and the node 28 i + 1 , not only a metal but also various known materials such as polysilicon can be used.
- a ramp signal generation circuit capable of generating a ramp signal with a small gradient variation and a CMOS image sensor using the same are provided.
- CMOS image sensor 10 ... pixel array, 11 ... pixels, 12 ... switch, 20 ... column parallel ADC, 20 1 ⁇ 20 N ... column ADC, 21 ... ramp signal generating circuit, 22 ... unit circuit, 23 ... voltage comparator 24 ... counter 25 ... switch 26 ... capacitor 27 ... current source 28 ... node 29 ... wiring resistance VDD ... power supply line (reference potential line) W ... metal wiring (wiring member)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (5)
- 一端の電位が固定されたキャパシタと、前記キャパシタの他端に接続される電流源と、を有する複数の単位回路を備え、
前記複数の単位回路が有する前記キャパシタの前記他端の各々が互いに配線部材によって接続されている、ランプ信号発生回路。 - 前記キャパシタの前記他端を基準電位線に接続するためのスイッチをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のランプ信号発生回路。
- 前記複数の単位回路が有する前記キャパシタの容量値は全て等しくなるように設計されており、
前記複数の単位回路が有する前記電流源が流す電流の大きさは全て等しくなるように設計されている、請求項1または2に記載のランプ信号発生回路。 - 複数行複数列の2次元に配列された画素を有する画素アレイと、
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のランプ信号発生回路を有する列並列ADCと、
を備え、
前記ランプ信号発生回路が備える複数の単位回路のそれぞれが、前記画素アレイの各列に対応して設けられている、CMOSイメージセンサ。 - 前記列並列ADCは、前記画素アレイの各列の画素に接続される列ADCを備え、
前記列ADCは、
前記ランプ信号発生回路が備える前記単位回路と、
前記画素アレイの各列の画素の出力と前記単位回路の出力とを比較する電圧比較器と、
前記電圧比較器の出力が変化するまでの時間を計数するカウンタと、
を備える請求項4に記載のCMOSイメージセンサ。
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KR1020147014172A KR101970942B1 (ko) | 2011-11-16 | 2012-11-14 | 램프 신호 발생 회로 및 cmos 이미지 센서 |
US14/358,970 US9270258B2 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2012-11-14 | Lamp signal generation circuit and CMOS image sensor |
JP2013544302A JP6143190B2 (ja) | 2011-11-16 | 2012-11-14 | ランプ信号発生回路及びcmosイメージセンサ |
EP12850707.6A EP2782258A4 (en) | 2011-11-16 | 2012-11-14 | LAMP SIGNAL GENERATION CIRCUIT AND CMOS IMAGE SENSOR |
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2012
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- 2012-11-14 US US14/358,970 patent/US9270258B2/en active Active
- 2012-11-14 JP JP2013544302A patent/JP6143190B2/ja active Active
- 2012-11-14 KR KR1020147014172A patent/KR101970942B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2013073585A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
KR101970942B1 (ko) | 2019-04-23 |
US20140319325A1 (en) | 2014-10-30 |
KR20140093246A (ko) | 2014-07-25 |
EP2782258A1 (en) | 2014-09-24 |
US9270258B2 (en) | 2016-02-23 |
EP2782258A4 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
JP6143190B2 (ja) | 2017-06-07 |
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