WO2013071851A1 - 一种碳粉盒 - Google Patents

一种碳粉盒 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013071851A1
WO2013071851A1 PCT/CN2012/084512 CN2012084512W WO2013071851A1 WO 2013071851 A1 WO2013071851 A1 WO 2013071851A1 CN 2012084512 W CN2012084512 W CN 2012084512W WO 2013071851 A1 WO2013071851 A1 WO 2013071851A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
powder
toner cartridge
container
cover
toner
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/084512
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘泉
Original Assignee
珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 filed Critical 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司
Publication of WO2013071851A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071851A1/zh

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/0822—Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer
    • G03G15/0877—Arrangements for metering and dispensing developer from a developer cartridge into the development unit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of printing consumables, and more particularly to a toner cartridge for supplying toner to a developing device.
  • the present application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 20112044916, filed on Nov. 14, 2011, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the powder feeding structure of the toner cartridge is fed by a two-stage spiral powder feeding roller, and there is only one small powder feeding port between the two-stage powder feeding rollers, and the machine supply is provided for high coverage printing.
  • the powder frequency is very high, resulting in excessive machine loss, prone to insufficient powder supply, and the problem of uneven powder output during the powder supply process, so that the quality of the printed sample is not very stable.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a toner cartridge capable of ensuring powder feeding stability and uniformity of powder discharge amount in view of the above-described drawbacks of the prior art.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solution: designing a toner cartridge, comprising a powder container body, a powder box cover disposed on one side of the powder box body, and the powder box body is provided with a funnel type a toner cartridge, wherein a small mouth end of the funnel-type toner cartridge is provided with a powder outlet; wherein the small end of the toner cartridge is further provided with a stirring device and a powder feeding device, both ends of the stirring device Rotatingly disposed on opposite side walls of the toner hopper, respectively, the powder feeding device agitating the carbon powder in the toner hopper to the powder discharging port, so that the carbon powder can be It is replenished into the developing device through the powder outlet.
  • the container cover includes a container inner lid, and a powder box outer cover covering the inner lid of the powder container, the powder container inner lid constituting the toner cartridge A side wall, and an accommodation space is disposed between the inner cover of the container and the outer cover of the container.
  • the powder feeding device includes a spiral powder feeding roller rotatably provided at one end of the container, and a first gear fixed at one end of the spiral powder feeding roller; The first gear is located in the accommodating space.
  • the small end of the toner cartridge further extends outwardly with a hollow cylinder, and the powder outlet is disposed on a sidewall of the hollow cylinder, and the hollow cylinder is further A cylindrical powder outlet cover is provided, and the other end of the spiral powder roller extends into the cylindrical powder outlet cover.
  • the outer surface of the hollow cylinder is further covered with a layer of sealing tape.
  • the agitating device includes a stirring frame which is rotatably disposed at two ends on opposite side walls of the toner hopper, and a stirring blade fixed on the agitating frame; One end of the agitating frame is rotatably disposed on the inner cover of the container through a second gear, and the second gear is meshed with the first gear and located in the accommodating space.
  • a chip cover is further provided on the outer end surface of the toner hopper.
  • the toner cartridge is further provided with a waste toner hopper, and the outer wall of the toner hopper is provided with a sealing cover for sealing the waste toner hopper.
  • the toner cartridge of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: since the toner cartridge in the present invention is in a funnel type, the carbon powder in the toner cartridge can be supplied by gravity, and the toner can directly reach the powder feeding device. The toner can be smoothly sent to the powder outlet, so that the stability of the powder feeding and the uniformity of the powder output can be ensured, so that the quality of the printed sample is more stable and controllable. Moreover, the stirring device at the small end of the toner cartridge can ensure that the toner is not collected and clogged at the small end of the funnel-type powder silo, ensuring sufficient powder supply.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a preferred embodiment of a toner cartridge of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the toner cartridge of Fig. 1 from another angle of view, in which the sealing tape is hidden to show the powder opening.
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the toner cartridge shown in Figure 1.
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the toner cartridge shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a structural exploded view of the toner cartridge shown in Figure 1.
  • the toner cartridge includes a container body 100, a container cover 101 disposed on a side of the container body 100, and a container body 100 is disposed therein.
  • the toner hopper 102 of the toner is a funnel type, and the powder outlet 111 is provided on the small end side of the funnel-type toner hopper 102.
  • the small end of the toner cartridge 102 is further provided with a stirring device 200 and a powder feeding device 300. Both ends of the stirring device 200 are rotatably disposed on opposite sidewalls of the toner cartridge 102, respectively.
  • the powder device 300 agitates the toner in the toner hopper 102 to the powder outlet 111 so that the toner can be replenished through the powder outlet 111 into a developing device not shown.
  • the carbon powder in the toner hopper 102 can be powdered by gravity, and the carbon powder can directly reach the powder feeding device 300, so that the carbon powder can be smoothly sent to the powder outlet, thereby ensuring The stability of the powder feeding and the uniformity of the powder output make the quality of the printed sample more stable and controllable.
  • the agitating device 200 at the small end of the toner hopper 102 can ensure that the toner is not collected and clogged at the small end of the funnel-type powder silo, ensuring sufficient powder supply.
  • the container cover 101 includes a container inner cover 104, and a container cover 105 covering the container inner cover 104, and the container inner cover 104 constitutes a side wall of the toner hopper 102.
  • An accommodation space is disposed between the container inner cover 104 and the container cover 105.
  • the powder feeding device 300 includes a spiral powder feeding roller 301 rotatably disposed at one end of the container inner cover 104, and a first gear 302 fixed at one end of the spiral powder feeding roller 301; the first gear 301 is located at The accommodation space between the container inner cover 104 and the container outer cover 105 is located.
  • the small end of the toner cartridge 102 further extends outwardly with a hollow cylinder 106, and the powder outlet 111 is disposed on the sidewall of the hollow cylinder 106, and the hollow cylinder 106 is further disposed.
  • the powder outlet 111 is disposed on the sidewall of the hollow cylinder 106, and the hollow cylinder 106 is further disposed.
  • the outer surface of the hollow cylinder 106 is also covered with a layer of sealing tape 108 for sealing the powder opening 111 in a non-operating state to prevent toner from leaking out.
  • the agitating device 200 includes a stirring frame 201 which is rotatably disposed on opposite sides of the toner cartridge 102, and a stirring blade 202 fixed on the agitating frame 201; one end of the stirring frame 201 passes through
  • the second gear 203 is rotatably disposed on the container inner cover 104, and the second gear 203 is meshed with the first gear 302 and located in the accommodating space formed by the container inner cover 104 and the container outer cover 105.
  • the first gear 302 is configured to receive the driving force input by the external driving device, and the first gear 302 rotates while driving the second gear 203 to rotate, so that the stirring device 200 and the powder feeding device 300 rotate simultaneously.
  • a chip cover 103 is further provided on the outer end surface of the toner hopper 102.
  • the toner cartridge is further provided with a waste toner box 109, and a sealing cover 110 for sealing the waste toner box 109 is provided on the outer wall of the toner hopper 102.
  • the toner cartridge of the present invention can be industrially manufactured and used, and has industrial applicability.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种碳粉盒，包括粉盒本体（100）、设于粉盒本体（100）一侧的粉盒盖（101），粉盒本体（100）内设有呈漏斗型的碳粉仓（102），该漏斗型碳粉仓（102）的小口端一侧设有出粉口（111）；其中，碳粉仓（102）的小口端还设有搅拌装置（200）和送粉装置（300），搅拌装置（200）的两端分别可旋转地设置在碳粉仓（102）相对的两个侧壁上，送粉装置（300）将碳粉仓（102）内的碳粉搅送至出粉口（111），以使得碳粉可通过出粉口（111）补充至显影器内。

Description

一种碳粉盒 技术领域
本发明涉及打印耗材领域，更具体地说，涉及一种用于向显影装置供应碳粉的碳粉盒。本申请要求于2011年11月14日提交中国专利局、申请号为201120449162.5、名称为“一种碳粉盒”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
背景技术
现有技术中，碳粉盒的送粉结构采用两级螺旋送粉辊送粉，且两级送粉辊之间只有一个较小的送粉口，在进行高覆盖率打印时，机器的供粉频率很高，导致机器损耗过大，容易出现供粉不足的现象，且在供粉过程中存在出粉量不均匀的问题，从而使得打印样稿的品质不是十分稳定。
技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题在于，针对现有技术的上述缺陷，提供一种能够保证送粉稳定性以及出粉量均匀性的碳粉盒。
技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用了以下的技术方案：设计碳粉盒，包括粉盒本体、设于所述粉盒本体一侧的粉盒盖，所述粉盒本体内设有呈漏斗型的碳粉仓，所述漏斗型碳粉仓的小口端一侧设有出粉口；其中，所述碳粉仓的小口端还设有搅拌装置和送粉装置，所述搅拌装置的两端分别可旋转地设置在所述碳粉仓相对的两个侧壁上，所述送粉装置将所述碳粉仓内的碳粉搅送至所述出粉口，以使得所述碳粉可通过所述出粉口补充至显影器内。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述粉盒盖包括粉盒内盖、和覆盖在所述粉盒内盖上的粉盒外盖，所述粉盒内盖构成所述碳粉仓的一个侧壁，且所述粉盒内盖与所述粉盒外盖之间设有容置空间。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述送粉装置包括一端可旋转地设置在所述粉盒内盖上的螺旋送粉辊、以及固定在所述螺旋送粉辊一端的第一齿轮；所述第一齿轮位于所述容置空间内。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述碳粉仓的小口端还向外延伸有空心圆柱体，所述出粉口设于所述空心圆柱体的侧壁上，所述空心圆柱体内还设有圆柱形的出粉口盖，所述螺旋搅粉辊的另一端延伸至所述圆柱形的出粉口盖内。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述空心圆柱体的外表面还包覆有一层密封胶带。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述搅拌装置包括两端分别可旋转地设置在所述碳粉仓相对两个侧壁上的搅拌架、以及固定在所述搅拌架上的搅拌叶片；所述搅拌架的其中一端通过第二齿轮可旋转地设置在所述粉盒内盖上，所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮啮合，且位于所述容置空间内。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，所述碳粉仓的外端面上还设有芯片盖。
　　根据本发明所述的碳粉盒，该碳粉盒还设有废粉仓，且所述碳粉仓的外壁上设有用于密封所述废粉仓的密封盖。
 有益效果
实施本发明的碳粉盒，具有以下有益效果：由于本发明中的碳粉仓呈漏斗型，碳粉仓中的碳粉可以依靠重力进行供粉，碳粉可以直接到达送粉装置上，以使碳粉可以顺利送到出粉口，因此可以保证送粉的稳定性以及出粉量的均匀性，从而使得打印样稿的品质更加稳定可控。而且，处于碳粉仓小口端的搅拌装置可以保证碳粉不在漏斗型粉仓的小口端聚集堵塞，确保能够供粉充足。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明，附图中：
　　图1是本发明一种碳粉盒优选实施例的结构示意图。
　　图2是图1所示碳粉盒另一视角的结构示意图，图中隐藏了密封胶带以显示出粉口。
　　图3是图1所示碳粉盒的平视图。
　　图4是图3所示碳粉盒的A-A剖视图。
　　图5是图1所示碳粉盒的结构拆分图。
 本发明的实施方式
下面将详细描述本发明的各种实施方式，其中的实施例结合附图进行说明并在下文中描述。尽管本发明将结合示例性实施方式进行说明，应当理解本发明不限于这些示例性实施方式。相反，本发明不仅包括这些实施方式，而且还包括各种变形、改进。
　　如图1和图2所示，在本发明的优选实施例中，该碳粉盒包括粉盒本体100、设于粉盒本体100一侧的粉盒盖101，粉盒本体100内设有容纳碳粉的碳粉仓102，该碳粉仓102呈漏斗型，漏斗型碳粉仓102的小口端一侧设有出粉口111。如图4所示，碳粉仓102的小口端还设有搅拌装置200和送粉装置300，搅拌装置200的两端分别可旋转地设置在碳粉仓102相对的两个侧壁上，送粉装置300将碳粉仓102内的碳粉搅送至出粉口111，以使得碳粉可通过出粉口111补充至未示出的显影器内。
　　由于碳粉仓102呈漏斗型，碳粉仓102中的碳粉可以依靠重力进行供粉，碳粉可以直接到达送粉装置300上，以使碳粉可以顺利送到出粉口，因此可以保证送粉的稳定性以及出粉量的均匀性，从而使得打印样稿的品质更加稳定可控。而且，处于碳粉仓102小口端的搅拌装置200可以保证碳粉不在漏斗型粉仓的小口端聚集堵塞，确保能够供粉充足。
　　如图5所示，优选地，粉盒盖101包括粉盒内盖104、和覆盖在粉盒内盖104上的粉盒外盖105，粉盒内盖104构成碳粉仓102的一个侧壁，且粉盒内盖104与粉盒外盖105之间设有容置空间。
　　进一步地，上述送粉装置300包括一端可旋转地设置在粉盒内盖104上的螺旋送粉辊301、以及固定在螺旋送粉辊301一端的第一齿轮302；该第一齿轮301位于由粉盒内盖104与粉盒外盖105之间的容置空间内。
　　在本发明的优选实施例中，碳粉仓102的小口端还向外延伸有空心圆柱体106，出粉口111设于该空心圆柱体106的侧壁上，且空心圆柱体106内还设有圆柱形的出粉口盖107，螺旋送粉辊301的另一端一直延伸至圆柱形的出粉口盖107内。此外，空心圆柱体106的外表面还包覆有一层密封胶带108，用于在非工作状态下密封出粉口111，以防止碳粉漏出。
　　优选地，搅拌装置200包括两端分别可旋转地设置在碳粉仓102相对两个侧壁上的搅拌架201、以及固定在搅拌架201上的搅拌叶片202；搅拌架201的其中一端通过第二齿轮203可旋转地设置在粉盒内盖104上，第二齿轮203与第一齿轮302啮合，且位于由粉盒内盖104与粉盒外盖105形成的容置空间内。第一齿轮302用于接收外部驱动装置输入的驱动力，第一齿轮302旋转同时带动第二齿轮203旋转，使得搅拌装置200和送粉装置300同时旋转。
　　其次，碳粉仓102的外端面上还设有芯片盖103。碳粉盒还设有废粉仓109，且碳粉仓102的外壁上设有用于密封废粉仓109的密封盖110。
　　以上实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据此实施，并不能限制本发明的保护范围。凡跟本发明权利要求范围所做的均等变化与修饰，均应属于本发明权利要求的涵盖范围。
 工业实用性
本发明的碳粉盒可以在工业上制造和使用，具备工业实用性。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种碳粉盒，包括粉盒本体、设于所述粉盒本体一侧的粉盒盖，其特征在于， 所述粉盒本体内设有呈漏斗型的碳粉仓，所述漏斗型碳粉仓的小口端一侧设有出粉口；
    　　所述碳粉仓的小口端还设有搅拌装置和送粉装置，所述搅拌装置的两端分别可旋转地设置在所述碳粉仓相对的两个侧壁上，所述送粉装置将所述碳粉仓内的碳粉搅送至所述出粉口，以使得所述碳粉可通过所述出粉口补充至显影器内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，所述粉盒盖包括粉盒内盖、和覆盖在所述粉盒内盖上的粉盒外盖，所述粉盒内盖构成所述碳粉仓的一个侧壁，且所述粉盒内盖与所述粉盒外盖之间设有容置空间。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，所述送粉装置包括一端可旋转地设置在所述粉盒内盖上的螺旋送粉辊、以及固定在所述螺旋送粉辊一端的第一齿轮；所述第一齿轮位于所述容置空间内。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，所述碳粉仓的小口端还向外延伸有空心圆柱体，所述出粉口设于所述空心圆柱体的侧壁上，所述空心圆柱体内还设有圆柱形的出粉口盖，所述螺旋送粉辊的另一端延伸至所述圆柱形的出粉口盖内。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，所述空心圆柱体的外表面还包覆有一层密封胶带。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于， 所述搅拌装置包括两端分别可旋转地设置在所述碳粉仓相对两个侧壁上的搅拌架、以及固定在所述搅拌架上的搅拌叶片；所述搅拌架的其中一端通过第二齿轮可旋转地设置在所述粉盒内盖上，所述第二齿轮与所述第一齿轮啮合，且位于所述容置空间内。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，所述碳粉仓的外端面上还设有芯片盖。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的碳粉盒，其特征在于，该碳粉盒还设有废粉仓，且所述碳粉仓的外壁上设有用于密封所述废粉仓的密封盖。
PCT/CN2012/084512 2011-11-14 2012-11-13 一种碳粉盒 WO2013071851A1 (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201120449162.5 2011-11-14
CN 201120449162 CN202362588U (zh) 2011-11-14 2011-11-14 一种碳粉盒

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013071851A1 true WO2013071851A1 (zh) 2013-05-23

Family

ID=46573760

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2012/084512 WO2013071851A1 (zh) 2011-11-14 2012-11-13 一种碳粉盒

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN202362588U (zh)
WO (1) WO2013071851A1 (zh)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106980254A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 马鞍山澄果电子科技有限公司 硒鼓及具有硒鼓的图像形成装置

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN202362588U (zh) * 2011-11-14 2012-08-01 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 一种碳粉盒
CN103676563B (zh) * 2013-12-31 2016-08-24 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 碳粉盒
CN203673225U (zh) * 2013-12-31 2014-06-25 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 碳粉盒
CN107933102A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-04-20 苏州瑞恩工业产品设计有限公司 一种印刷粉盒
CN113093495B (zh) * 2021-04-28 2024-06-25 中山万拓电子有限公司 一种打印机碳粉筒

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005128541A (ja) * 2003-10-20 2005-05-19 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 電子写真方式の画像形成装置のトナーカートリッジ
CN101620399A (zh) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-06 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 碳粉盒及该碳粉盒的显影仓除粉方法
CN201820080U (zh) * 2010-08-30 2011-05-04 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 激光打印机用碳粉盒
CN202362588U (zh) * 2011-11-14 2012-08-01 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 一种碳粉盒

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005128541A (ja) * 2003-10-20 2005-05-19 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd 電子写真方式の画像形成装置のトナーカートリッジ
CN101620399A (zh) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-06 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 碳粉盒及该碳粉盒的显影仓除粉方法
CN201820080U (zh) * 2010-08-30 2011-05-04 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 激光打印机用碳粉盒
CN202362588U (zh) * 2011-11-14 2012-08-01 珠海天威飞马打印耗材有限公司 一种碳粉盒

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106980254A (zh) * 2016-01-18 2017-07-25 马鞍山澄果电子科技有限公司 硒鼓及具有硒鼓的图像形成装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN202362588U (zh) 2012-08-01

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2013071851A1 (zh) 一种碳粉盒
WO2013113270A1 (zh) 一种可回收废粉的处理盒
WO2013097763A1 (zh) 齿轮传动机构和显影盒
TWI272461B (en) Toner container and image forming method and apparatus using the same
JPH019959Y2 (zh)
JP3734092B2 (ja) 画像形成装置
CN103838108A (zh) 显影装置及图像形成装置
JP2004151354A (ja) 現像剤攪拌装置及び現像装置並びに画像形成装置
WO2013044790A1 (zh) 碳粉盒及激光打印机
CN105974758B (zh) 显影装置和具备该显影装置的图像形成装置
JP3544097B2 (ja) 画像形成装置
JP2014081540A (ja) 現像装置、画像形成装置
JP4676079B2 (ja) 現像装置及びプロセスカートリッジ
JP3216062B2 (ja) 現像剤攪拌搬送装置
JP3232507B2 (ja) トナーカートリッジ
JP2007128020A (ja) 粉体供給装置及び画像形成装置
JPH0439073B2 (zh)
JPS63301078A (ja) 電子写真用現像剤の撹拌装置
JPH0719114B2 (ja) 現像剤リサイクル装置
JP5640664B2 (ja) 現像装置及び画像形成装置
JPS6134567A (ja) 現像剤の収納容器
JP2001183865A5 (ja) トナーカートリッジ、並びにこれを用いた現像装置
JP4294238B2 (ja) 現像装置及びそれを用いたプロセスカートリッジと画像形成装置
JPS60220372A (ja) トナ−供給装置
JP2539625Y2 (ja) トナー補給装置

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 12850490

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 12850490

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1