WO2013071696A1 - 人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用 - Google Patents

人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用 Download PDF

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WO2013071696A1
WO2013071696A1 PCT/CN2012/001515 CN2012001515W WO2013071696A1 WO 2013071696 A1 WO2013071696 A1 WO 2013071696A1 CN 2012001515 W CN2012001515 W CN 2012001515W WO 2013071696 A1 WO2013071696 A1 WO 2013071696A1
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tumor
adenine
cancer
tumour
bases
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张始状
程鑫
高志芹
韩明
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Zhang Shizhuang
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/513Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. cytosine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52Purines, e.g. adenine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/519Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
    • A61K31/52Purines, e.g. adenine
    • A61K31/522Purines, e.g. adenine having oxo groups directly attached to the heterocyclic ring, e.g. hypoxanthine, guanine, acyclovir
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/14Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
    • A61K9/16Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
    • A61K9/1605Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/1629Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/1641Organic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyethylene glycol, poloxamers
    • A61K9/1647Polyesters, e.g. poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/48Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
    • A61K9/4841Filling excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/4866Organic macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anti-tumor drug, in particular to the application of five normal bases metabolized by the human body in the preparation of tumor drugs, and belongs to the field of tumor drugs.
  • Human normal bases include adenine CAS: 73-24-5, molecular formula: C5H5N5, molecular weight: 135. 13; Guanine CAS: 73-40-5, molecular formula: C5H5N50, molecular weight: 151. 13 Cytosine CAS: 71-30-7, molecular formula: (C4H5N30), molecular weight: 111. 11; Thymin CAS: 65-71-4, Molecular formula: C5H6N202, Molecular weight: 126. 11; Urine Uracil CAS: 66-22-8, Molecular formula: C4H4N202, Molecular weight: 112. 09.
  • the bases are mostly in the form of nucleoside monophosphates in DNA and ⁇ , but the formation of their pairing relationship depends mainly on the base.
  • Human normal bases can be produced during the digestion and absorption of nucleic acid substances, and are also important raw materials for the remediation of nucleic acid substances.
  • normal nucleotide metabolism can be directly excreted from the body through the formation of metabolic waste without a base, such as: adenosine monoterpene nucleoside-xanthine- uric acid excreted.
  • Adenine also known as vitamin B 4
  • Adenine is involved in RNA and DNA synthesis in the body. When leukocytes are deficient, it can promote leukocyte proliferation. Generally, it can be used for 2 to 4 weeks, and the number of white blood cells can be increased. It is a drug used to raise white blood cells when leukocytes are reduced in tumor chemotherapy patients.
  • Adenine one of the five bases of the human body, can participate in the synthesis of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA, and can play an important role in the synthesis of ATP and other substances.
  • adenine also known as vitamin B 4
  • the object of the present invention is to provide the use of five normal bases in the preparation of tumor drugs, which are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil;
  • the base is prepared into an oral preparation, an injection, a sustained release agent or a targeted preparation, and the anti-tumor effect is obvious, and a plurality of base combinations are used as a pharmaceutical component of the tumor, which can significantly improve the anti-tumor effect, reduce the side effects and the like. Delay the purpose of drug resistance.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is - the application of five normal bases of the human body in preparing a tumor drug, and the base includes: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil.
  • the base is one or more of adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil;
  • the base is a combination of one or both of guanine, cytosine, thymine or uracil with adenine.
  • the drug is an oral tablet, an injection or a sustained release agent.
  • the oral tablet is prepared by adding the base to different auxiliary materials such as starch, and the weight ratio of the base and the auxiliary material is 1:1, and the oral base is prepared, and the total base content is 10 -30 mg / tablet, the weight of the tablet may be, for example, lg, 2 g or 5 g, etc., and has no effect on its treatment and use;
  • the injection is prepared by: dissolving the base in a concentration of 5 -25mg/mL phosphate buffer solution to prepare an injection with a total base concentration of 5-25mg/mL, each injection volume is 2-10mL ;
  • the sustained release agent is prepared by: using pharmaceutical liposomes,
  • the microcapsule or micelle delivery system prepares the base into a 5-25 mg/mL sustained release agent, and then the sustained release agent is made into an injection.
  • the tumor includes various common malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, and reproductive system tumor.
  • guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil have lower anti-tumor effects than adenine, and can be combined with other bases as anti-tumor drugs because of the small side effects of adenine.
  • the combination of different adenines is lower than the concentration of a single drug in the blood of a single drug, and thus the side effects are reduced.
  • the combination of multiple drugs can delay the occurrence of tumor resistance.
  • adenosine After adenosine is combined with other human normal bases, it can be used in the preparation of a medicament for treating the above tumors, and an oral preparation can be added or a buffer salt can be added to increase the solubility thereof to prepare an injection for injection; the injection can be a conventional injection. , but also various types of sustained release injections.
  • Different tumors have different nucleic acid metabolism and composition characteristics, and have different inhibitory intensities for each base of different tumor cells, but the anti-tumor effect of adenine is the strongest.
  • concentration reaches 0.3 mg/mL
  • 72 hours of tumor The inhibition rate is above 90%.
  • Low dose is 0. 001 ⁇ 0 05mmol / K g / day, intravenous or intramuscular injection; oral administration dose can be increased 0.5 times 5-15.
  • Adenine is combined with other normal bases to prepare drugs for treating various common malignant tumors such as gastric cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and reproductive system tumors.
  • the anti-tumor effect is obvious, and it has high-efficiency, broad-spectrum, Low toxicity characteristics;
  • adenine and other people's normal base combination medication can delay the occurrence of tumor resistance.
  • the human cervical cancer Hela tumor cells (provided by the Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% newborn calf serum, and the cells in the logarithmic growth phase were taken and digested with 0.25% trypsin. Inoculate 3 ⁇ 10 3 cells/well in 96-well plates, place them in 37° (in 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours, set 8 replicate wells in each group, and set the re-pore drug concentration to 0.005, 0.01, respectively.
  • the microporous membrane was filtered. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope at 48 hours, and photographed, then 20 ⁇ g of MTT solution was added to each well, and placed in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator to continue the culture.
  • the formula for calculating the growth inhibition rate of tumor cells is as follows:
  • Tumor cell survival rate (%) actual 0D value of the drug-filled well / 0D value of the negative control well;
  • Tumor cell growth inhibition rate (%) 100% - cell viability.
  • Adenine is adenine
  • 5-FU is 5-fluorouracil
  • Human lung cancer SPC tumor cells (provided by Shanghai University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% newborn calf serum, and cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% trypsin to 3 ⁇ 10 3 cells/well. Inoculate in 96-well plates, incubate in 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours, set 8 replicate wells in each group, test group added five bases, five bases and control group 5-FU Each multi-hole drug is concentrated The concentration was 0.5 mg/mL, and the culture solution was filtered through a sterile microporous membrane of 200 ⁇ M each of 0.22 ⁇ m.
  • the formula for calculating the growth inhibition rate of tumor cells is as follows:
  • Tumor cell survival rate (%) actual OD value of the drug-filled well / OD value of the negative control well;
  • Tumor cell growth inhibition rate (%) 100% - cell survival rate.
  • Table 2 Human normal five base pairs of human lung cancer SPC tumor cells 48, 72 hours inhibition rate (%)
  • A, G, C, T, and U represent adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, respectively.
  • the guanine is filtered out due to its low solubility, and the actual concentration is 0.3mg/mL;
  • the inhibition rate of adenine is significantly higher than other bases, and adenine is vitamin B 4 , has been treated for leukopenia.
  • Anti-tumor assay of adenine in combination with one of the other four bases is provided.
  • HepG2 tumor cells Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 tumor cells (provided by Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% newborn calf serum, and cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% trypsin to 3 ⁇ 10 3 / The wells were inoculated into 96-well plates and cultured in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours. There are 8 duplicate wells in each group. The test group is added with A+G, A+C, A+T, A+U. The molar ratio of adenine to the other 4 bases is 1:1, two bases. The concentrations were 0.25 mg/mL, respectively.
  • the total concentration of each reaming drug in the four combinations of the experimental group and the control group of 5-FU was 0.5 mg/mL.
  • the culture solution was filtered through a sterile microporous membrane of 200 ⁇ M and 0.22 ⁇ m per well. At the proposed measurement time of 48 hours, the cell morphology was observed by an inverted microscope and photographed. Then, a 5 mg/mL sputum solution 20 ⁇ was added to each well, and the culture was continued at 37 ° C in a 5% CO 2 incubator for 4 hours to terminate the culture.
  • the formula for calculating the growth inhibition rate of tumor cells is as follows:
  • Tumor cell survival rate (%) actual OD value of the drug-filled well / OD value of the negative control well;
  • Tumor cell growth inhibition rate (%) 100% one cell survival rate.
  • A, G, C T, and U represent adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil, respectively.
  • the test method Human gastric cancer cell BGC823 tumor cells (provided by Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% newborn calf serum, and cells in logarithmic growth phase were digested with 0.25% trypsin to 3 ⁇ 10 3 / The wells were inoculated into 96-well plates, placed in a 37 ° C, 5% CO 2 incubator for 24 hours, each set of 8 duplicate wells, the experimental group added A + C + U, A + G + C > A + C +T, A+T+U, A+U+G, the molar ratio of adenine to any two other bases is 1:1:1, and the total concentration of each complex drug is
  • the concentrations of the three bases were 0.167 mg/mL, respectively.
  • the concentration of 5-FU in the control group was 0.5 mg/mL.
  • the culture solution was filtered through a sterile microporous membrane of 20 (L, 0.22 ⁇ m) per well. At 48 hours after the proposed measurement time, the morphology of the cells was observed under an inverted microscope and photographed, and then 20 L of 5 mg/mL MTT solution was added to each well, and placed.
  • the formula for calculating the growth inhibition rate of tumor cells is as follows:
  • Tumor cell survival rate (%) actual OD value of the drug-filled well / OD value of the negative control well;
  • Tumor cell growth inhibition rate (%) 100% - cell survival rate.
  • Table 4 Inhibition rate of human gastric cancer cell BGC823 by adenine and two other base combinations (%) Group A C+U A+G-rC A- C+T A+T+U A+U+G 5- FU group
  • A, G, C T, U represent adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, respectively.
  • Adenine 10g (based on anhydrous matter)
  • Microcrystalline cellulose 66g
  • Adenine main drug
  • microcrystalline cellulose thinner
  • sodium carboxymethyl starch disintegrant
  • magnesium stearate lubricant
  • the adenine is dried and pulverized through a 60 mesh sieve, and the microcrystalline cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate is dried at 80 ° C, passed through a 100 mesh sieve, and used;
  • Groups (group A), endostatin group (group B) and blank control group (group C) were divided into three groups, 8 in each group. After 14 days of tumor-bearing, the drug was injected into the ear vein. Group A was given adenine 4.0 mg/kg ; group B was given endostatin 1.0 mg/kg ; group C was given normal saline 0.3 mL/kg, once daily, continuous Take medicine for 10 days. The MR group was routinely performed on the 1st day before the administration and 2, 7 and 13 days after the administration. The STR-EPI-DWI examination was performed, and 1H-MRS was performed 1 day before the administration and 10 days after the administration.
  • the ADC values of apparent diffusion coefficient at different time points and the peak heights of choline compound (choline, Cho) peak and lipid (lip) peak before and after treatment were measured.
  • the tumor volume was measured and T1WI and T2WI were evaluated. Signal characteristics on the image.
  • All the experimental animals were sacrificed and the tumor mass was removed.
  • the fresh tumor tissue was aseptically taken for real-time quantitative PCR to detect the expression of tumor VEGF-A m NA.
  • the remaining tumor tissue was taken to the largest cross section, 4% paraformaldehyde. Fixed, paraffin-embedded, 5 ⁇ serial sections; HE staining for pathological examination, immunohistochemical staining for detection of tumor CD31 expression, TUNEL assay for tumor cell apoptosis.
  • Tumor volume Tumor volume In 1 Tumor volume to Tumor volume 1 In
  • Adenine can inhibit the growth of VX2 tumor in rabbits; 2. DWIBS and 1H-MRS techniques can be used to evaluate the effect of adenine on VX2 liver transplantation tumors early in the treatment; 3. Adenosine has induced cells Apoptosis, an anti-tumor mechanism that inhibits tumor angiogenesis. o Example 7
  • Adenine 50g (based on anhydrous matter)
  • Adenine main drug
  • the method is to dilute the cells in a well-developed state into 2 X 107 cells/ml, and implant them into the subcutaneous tissue of the right anterior shoulder of the nude mouse with a syringe, each 0.2 ml. Natural growth after implantation is completed, and the growth of the transplanted tumor is observed from the 5th day. When the transplanted tumor can be measured, it is measured every 2 days.
  • the tumors to be transplanted were obviously grown, and the volume was about 100-300 +/- 3 , which was randomly divided into 4 groups according to the size of the transplanted tumor: vehicle control group, adenine low-dose group and high-dose group, positive control group, each group 10 only.
  • the vehicle control group was given sodium chloride injection, the adenine low dose and high dose groups were given 2. 5rag ⁇ ml-1 adenine solution, and the adenine high dose group was administered once every day, noon, vehicle control group and The low dose group of adenine was administered once a day in the morning, and the administration volume was 40 ml ⁇ kg-1.
  • the positive control group was given intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at a dose of 25 mg ⁇ kg-1 and the administration volume was 10 ml.
  • Kg-1 was administered once every 2 days; each group was administered continuously for 11 days.
  • Observation of pre-dose indicators After transplantation of human hepatoma cells 7402, the animals in each of the tumor-derived animals were observed for each time, and the death of the animals was observed. Observation of the indicators after group administration: The activity of the animals was observed within 30 minutes after each administration; the deaths of the animals were recorded every day in the morning and afternoon until the tumor-derived animals were all dissected; every 2 days after the start of administration, the measurement was performed once every 2 days after the start of administration. The size of the tumor. Observation of anatomical indicators: After the end of the last administration, the next day was dissected.
  • the body weight was first weighed, the animal was removed by necking, and the subcutaneous tumor mass was dissected, and the necrotic tissue was removed, and the tumor weight was recorded. Pass The antitumor activity of adenine was evaluated by calculating the relative tumor proliferation rate T/C (%) and tumor weight inhibition rate. results and analysis
  • the tumor weight inhibition rates of adenine low-dose group, high-dose group and positive control group were 25.43%, 72.11% and 63.33%, respectively, indicating that the low dose of adenine was affected by a certain effect, high dose
  • the drug can effectively inhibit tumor proliferation.
  • the above results are not difficult to see, the adenine nude mice experiment has the same anti-tumor effect as the in vitro experiment.
  • the experimental data is from the Shandong Xinbo New Drug Evaluation Center (the pre-clinical evaluation center for GLP drugs approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of the People's Republic of China). The data is reliable.
  • Adenine 50g (based on anhydrous matter)
  • Polylactic acid copolymer 50g
  • Adenine main drug
  • Polylactic acid copolymer slow release auxiliary
  • the dynamic changes of vascular development in chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane were observed, and the optimal conditions for establishing the model of colorectal cancer chicken chorioallantoic membrane transplantation were established.
  • the lowest number of inoculated HT-29 cells was selected as the ideal number of inoculated cells when the highest tumor formation rate was selected; the same ideal number of HT-29 cells were inoculated into the relatively avascular zone of chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane of different ages, and the most Good vaccination embryo age; Inoculate the ideal number of cells into the relatively avascular zone of the optimal age-old chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane, and understand the changes of tumor growth and angiogenesis in the colorectal cancer chicken chorioallantoic membrane transplantation model.
  • the adenine group, PBS as a blank control group, Endo as a positive control group, and VEGF as a negative control group were divided into 4 groups.
  • the tumor tissues were fixed, paraffin-embedded, conventional paraffin sections, HE staining to observe the histological features of the tumor, and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of PCNA.
  • the results showed that 5 ⁇ g / chick embryo adenine can inhibit angiogenesis in colorectal cancer chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane transplantation model.
  • the mechanism of adenine anti-tumor is not only by directly inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells, but by inhibiting vascular endothelial cells.
  • the proliferation inhibits tumor tissue angiogenesis, thereby further inhibiting tumor growth.
  • Adenine has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of blood vessels in chicken embryo tumors
  • adenine can inhibit neovascularization at all levels of the tumor.

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Abstract

本发明公开了人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用,将以上五种碱基应用于肿瘤的治疗领域,制成口服制剂、注射剂、缓释剂或靶向制剂,经过标准品抗肿瘤作用对照证明:参与人体代谢的五种正常碱基,在体内、外达到一定浓度时,具有不同程度的诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡和抗肿瘤血管生成作用;本发明的优点在于:五种碱基与其它抗肿瘤药相比,具有广谱、低毒的抗肿瘤作用,最大优点是无细胞毒作用。可用于胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、结肠癌、乳腺癌和生殖系统等恶性肿瘤的治疗,抗肿瘤作用明显,常规用量无骨髓抑制和重要脏器损害,与正常核苷相比其抗肿瘤作用增强。

Description

说 明 书
人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种抗肿瘤药物, 具体地说是人体代谢的五种正常碱基在制备 肿瘤药物中的应用, 属于肿瘤药物领域。
背景技术
人正常碱基包括腺嘌呤 (Adenine ) CAS: 73-24-5, 分子式: C5H5N5 , 分 子量: 135. 13; 鸟嘌呤(Guanine ) CAS: 73-40-5, 分子式: C5H5N50, 分子量: 151. 13;胞嘧啶(Cytosine) CAS: 71-30-7,分子式: (C4H5N30) ,分子量: 111. 11; 胸腺嘧啶(Thymin) CAS: 65-71-4, 分子式: C5H6N202, 分子量: 126. 11 ; 尿嘧 啶(Uracil) CAS: 66-22-8, 分子式: C4H4N202, 分子量: 112. 09。
碱基在 DNA和■中多以一磷酸核苷的形式存在, 但是其配对关系的形成 主要取决于碱基。 人正常的碱基在核酸类物质消化吸收过程中可以产生, 也是 核酸类物质补救合成的重要原料。 但是正常的核苷酸代谢可以不经过碱基出现 直接形成代谢废物排出体外, 如: 腺苷一次黄嘌吟核苷一黄嘌呤核苷一尿酸排 出体外。
以上五种碱基均可以在体外用不同方法得到, 是重要的药物和保健品中间 体。 其中腺嘌呤, 又称维生素 B4, 在体内参与 RNA和 DNA合成。 当白细胞缺乏 时, 它能促进白细胞增生, 一般用药 2〜4周, 白细胞数目可增加, 是肿瘤化疗 病人白细胞降低时用于升高白细胞的药物。 人体五种碱基之一的腺嘌呤因为能 够参入 DNA和 RNA等核酸的合成, 能够在合成 ATP等物质中其重要作用, 目前 腺嘌呤, 又称维生素 B4, 可用于肿瘤病人化疗等所致的白细胞下降的治疗。 体 外可用于血液的保存。
目前, 在学术界中普遍认可的治疗肿瘤理论是: 通过在正常碱基上添加不 同元素或取代基, 形成正常碱基类似物来阻滞细胞 DNA或 RNA的合成, 从而抑 制肿瘤的扩散。例如,名称为"协同抗癌组合物"、专利号为" CN200480036362. 0" 的专利申请, 公开了使用抗代谢碱基类似物作为抗肿瘤的成分, 抗肿瘤抗代谢 碱基类似物通过抑制细胞核酸合成酶, 抑制或预防癌症的生长以及干扰细胞核 酸合成。 确认本 发明内容
本发明的目的在于, 提供了人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 这五种碱基分别是腺嘌呤、 鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶; 将上述五种 碱基制成口服制剂、 注射剂、 缓释剂或靶向制剂, 抗治肿瘤效果明显, 且多种 碱基组合作为肿瘤的药物成分使用, 较单独应用能够达到明显提高抗肿瘤效果, 减少毒副作用和延缓耐药性发生的目的。
本发明的技术方案为- 人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 所述的碱基包括: 腺嘌呤、 鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶。
优选地, 所述的碱基为腺嘌呤、 鸟嘌呤、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶中的 一种或多种;
优选地, 所述的碱基为鸟嘌呤、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶或尿嘧啶中的一种或两 种与腺嘌呤的组合。
所述的药物为口服片剂、 注射剂或缓释剂。
所述的口服片剂的制备方法为: 将所述的碱基加入不同辅料如淀粉, 碱基 和辅料的重量比例为 1 : 1, 制成口服片剂, 所述的碱基总含量为 10-30mg/片, 片剂的重量大小例如可以是 lg、 2g或 5g等, 对其治疗和使用不会产生影响; 所述的注射剂的制备方法为: 将所述的碱基溶解于浓度为 5-25mg/mL 的磷 酸缓冲溶液,制成碱基总浓度为 5- 25mg/mL的注射剂,每只注射剂体积为 2- 10mL; 所述的缓释剂的制备方法为: 用药物脂质体、 微囊或胶束释药系统将所述 的碱基制成 5-25mg/mL缓释剂, 然后将缓释剂做成注射剂。
进一步地, 上述各碱基组合的摩尔数相同。
所述的肿瘤包括胃癌、 肺癌、 肝癌、 结肠癌、 乳腺癌、 白血病、 生殖系统 肿瘤等多种常见恶性肿瘤。
通过研究发现: 鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶抗肿瘤作用低于腺嘌 吟, 因腺嘌呤的副作用很小可与其它碱基组合作为抗肿瘤药。 不同的腺嘌吟组 合用药比单一用药血液中的单一药物浓度降低, 因而毒副作用下降。 同时多种 药组合用药可延缓肿瘤耐药性的发生。 通过组合用药, 能够降低各成分单一用 药时的用药量, 而每种具体核苷的绝对浓度明显下降, 药物对机体的毒副作用 就下降; 同时, 二种或多种化疗药物组合用药可大大降低耐药性的发生。 将腺 苷与其它人正常碱基组合后, 用在制备治疗上述肿瘤的药物中, 可加辅料制成 口服制剂或者加缓冲盐等增加其溶解度制成注射剂, 进行注射使用; 注射剂可 以是常规注射剂, 也可是各种类型的缓释注射剂。
不同肿瘤有不同的核酸代谢与组成特点, 对不同肿瘤细胞每种碱基有不同 的抑制强度, 但腺嘌呤的抗肿瘤作用最强, 体外实验当浓度达到 0. 3mg/mL时, 72小时肿瘤抑制率在 90%以上。 单一腺嘌呤治疗肿瘤瘤体大小的 30%完全缓解, 有效率在 93. 0%以上。
使用剂量低, 为 0. 001〜0. 05mmol/Kg/天, 肌注或静脉点滴; 口服给药可增 加药量 0. 5-1. 5倍。
本发明的优点在于:
1、腺嘌呤与其它人正常碱基组合用于制备治疗胃癌、肺癌、肝癌、结肠癌、 乳腺癌、 生殖系统肿瘤等多种常见恶性肿瘤的药物, 抗肿瘤效果明显, 具有高 效、 广谱、 低毒的特点;
2、 腺嘌吟与其它人正常碱基组合的抗肿瘤作用明显高于各类核苷及其组 合.
3、 腺嘌呤与其它人正常碱基组合用药比单一用药血液中的单一药物浓度降 低, 从而毒副作用降低;
4、 腺嘌呤与其它人正常碱基组合用药可延缓肿瘤耐药性的发生。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明, 应当理解, 此处所描述的优选实施 例仅用于说明和解释本发明, 并不用于限定本发明。
实施例 1
不同浓度的腺嘌呤与 5-FU体外抑瘤对照实验。
一、 试验方法
将人宫颈癌 Hela肿瘤细胞(中国科学院上海细胞所提供), 用含 10%新生牛 血清的 RPMI 1640培养基培养, 取对数生长期的细胞, 用 0. 25%胰蛋白酶消化后 以 3X103个 /孔接种于 96孔板, 置于 37° ( 、 5%C02培养箱中培养 24小时, 每组 设 8个复孔, 试验组分别设复孔药物浓度为 0.005、 0.01、 0.02、 0.04、 0.08、 0.16、 0.32、 0.64mg/mL共 8个总浓度, 培养液每孔 200 L, 对照组的 5- FU与 试验组浓度相同, 用无血清培养基稀释, 0.22μιη的无菌微孔滤膜过滤。在拟定 的测量时间 48 小时, 倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并拍照, 然后每孔加入 5mg/mL 的 MTT溶液 20μί, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中继续培养 4小时, 终止培养, 吸 弃孔内培养的上清液, 每孔加入 150μί DMS0, 震荡 10分钟, 使结晶物充分溶 解后, 以自动酶标仪 (Thermo, 型号 MULTISKAN MK3)测量 570mn处吸光度。 每 一板每组设 8个复孔, 每个实验重复 3次, 表 1中数据为三次实验的平均数。
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率计算公式如下:
肿瘤细胞存活率(%)=加药孔的实际 0D值 /阴性对照孔的 0D值;
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率 (%) =100%—细胞存活率。
表 1: 腺嘌呤对 Hela细胞的 48小时抑制率 (%)
Figure imgf000005_0001
其中: Adenine为腺嘌呤, 5-FU为 5-氟尿嘧啶。
二、 结果与分析
经计算腺嘌吟与 5-FU在 0.005至 0.64浓度范围内 48小时对 Hda细胞的抑 制率无统计学差异 ( >0.5); 腺噤呤 IC50为 70ug/mL左右。
实施例 2
五种人正常碱基的体外抑瘤实验。
一、 试验方法
将人肺癌 SPC肿瘤细胞(中国科学院上海细胞所提供),用含 10%新生牛血 清的 RPMI 1640培养基培养, 取对数生长期的细胞, 用 0.25%胰蛋白酶消化后 以 3χ103个 /孔接种于 96孔板, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中培养 24小时, 每组 设 8个复孔, 试验组加入五种碱基, 五种碱基及对照组 5-FU的每个复孔药物浓 度为 0.5mg/mL, 培养液每孔 200μΙ^, 0.22μπι的无菌微孔滤膜过滤。 在拟定的测 量时间 48 小时, 倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并拍照, 然后每孔加入 5mg/mL 的 MTT溶液 20μΙ^, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中继续培养 4小时, 终止培养, 吸 弃孔内培养的上清液, 每孔加入 15(^L DMSO, 震荡 10分钟, 使结晶物充分溶 解后, 以自动酶标仪(Thermo,型号 MULTISKAN MK3 )测量 570mn处吸光度。 每一板每组设 8个复孔, 每个实验重复 3次, 表 2中数据为三次实验的平均数。
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率计算公式如下:
肿瘤细胞存活率(%)=加药孔的实际 OD值 /阴性对照孔的 OD值;
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率(%)=100%—细胞存活率。
表 2: 人正常五种碱基对人肺癌 SPC肿瘤细胞 48、 72小时抑制率 (%)
Figure imgf000006_0001
其中, A、 G、 C、 T、 U分别代表腺嘌呤、 鸟嘌呤、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿 嘧啶。
二、 结果与分析
从上表 2中可以分析:
1、 鸟嘌吟由于溶解度较低, 部分药物不溶解被滤除, 实际浓度 0.3mg/mL;
2、腺嘌呤的抑制率明显高于其它碱基, 而且腺嘌呤就是维生素 B4, 己经治 疗白细胞减少症。
实施例 3
腺嘌呤与其它四种碱基中一种的组合的抑瘤实验。
一、 试验方法
将人肝癌 HepG2肿瘤细胞 (中国科学院上海细胞所提供), 用含 10%新生 牛血清的 RPMI 1640培养基培养, 取对数生长期的细胞, 用 0.25%胰蛋白酶消 化后以 3x l03个 /孔接种于 96孔板, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中培养 24小时, 每组设 8个复孔, 试验组加入 A+G、 A+C、 A+T、 A+U, 腺嘌吟与其它 4种碱 基的组合摩尔比例为 1 :1, 两种碱基的浓度分别为 0.25mg/mL。 试验组 4种组合 及对照组 5-FU的每个复孔药物总浓度为 0.5mg/mL。培养液每孔 200μΙ^, 0.22μηι 的无菌微孔滤膜过滤。 在拟定的测量时间 48小时, 倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并 拍照, 然后每孔加入 5mg/mL的 ΜΤΤ溶液 20μί, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中 继续培养 4小时, 终止培养, 吸弃孔内培养的上清液, 每孔加入 15(^L DMSO, 震荡 10分钟,使结晶物充分溶解后,以自动酶标仪(Thermo,型号 MULTISKAN MK3 ) 测量 570mn处吸光度。 每一板每组设 8个复孔, 每个实验重复 3次, 表 3中数据为三次实验的平均数。
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率计算公式如下:
肿瘤细胞存活率(%)=加药孔的实际 OD值 /阴性对照孔的 OD值;
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率 (%)= 100%一细胞存活率。
表 3 : 腺嘌呤与其它一种碱基的组合对人肝癌 HepG2的抑制率 (%)
Figure imgf000007_0001
其中, A、 G、 C T、 U分别代表腺嘌呤、 鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿 嘧啶。
二、 结果与分析
由表 3可见:
1、 腺嘌吟与任意一种其它碱基摩尔比 1:1组合后, 抗肿瘤作用略有下降, 但药物的绝对浓度下降 1/2;
2、 四种组合的体外抑瘤作用 A+T最强, A+C最弱。
实施例 4
腺嘌呤与其它四种碱基中的任二种组合的抑瘤实验。
一、 试验方法 将人胃癌细胞 BGC823肿瘤细胞(中国科学院上海细胞所提供), 用含 10% 新生牛血清的 RPMI 1640培养基培养, 取对数生长期的细胞, 用 0.25%胰蛋白 酶消化后以 3χ103个 /孔接种于 96孔板, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中培养 24小 时,每组设 8个复孔,试验组加入 A+C+U、 A+G+C> A+C+T、 A+T+U、 A+U+G, 腺嘌昤与其它四种碱基的任意两种组合摩尔比为 1 :1:1, 每个复孔药物总浓度为
0.5mg/mL, 三种碱基的浓度分别为 0.167mg/mL。 对照组 5-FU 的浓度为 0.5mg/mL。 培养液每孔 20( L, 0.22μιη的无菌微孔滤膜过滤。 在拟定的测量时 间 48小时, 倒置显微镜观察细胞形态并拍照, 然后每孔加入 5mg/mL的 MTT 溶液 20 L, 置于 37°C、 5%C02培养箱中继续培养 4小时, 终止培养, 吸弃孔内 培养的上清液, 每孔加入 15(^L DMSO, 震荡 10分钟, 使结晶物充分溶解后, 以自动酶标仪(Thermo, 型号 MULTISKAN MK3 )测量 570mn处吸光度。每一 板每组设 8个复孔, 每个实验重复 3次, 表 3中数据为三次实验的平均数。
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率计算公式如下:
肿瘤细胞存活率(%)=加药孔的实际 OD值 /阴性对照孔的 OD值;
肿瘤细胞生长抑制率(%)=100%—细胞存活率。
表 4: 腺嘌吟与其它两种碱基组合对人胃癌细胞 BGC823抑制率 (%) 分组 A C+U A+G-rC A- C+T A+T+U A+U+G 5-FU组
48小时 67 64 71 76 68 87
72小时 78 75 80 83 79 94 其中, A、 G、 C T、 U分别代表腺嘌吟、 鸟嘌呤、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿 嘧啶。
二、 结果与分析
由表 4可见:
1、 腺嘌呤与其他两种其它碱基摩尔比 1 :1 :1 组合后, 抗肿瘤作用有下降, 但药物的绝对浓度下降 2/3;
2、 五种组合的体外抑瘤作用 A+T+U最强, A+G+C最弱。 实施例 5
口服胶囊剂生产工艺
1、 规格与配方
1.1 配方: 10mg/粒
腺嘌吟: 10g (以无水物计)
微晶纤维素: 66g
羧甲基淀粉钠: 15g
硬脂酸镁 : 2g
制成: 1000粒。
1.2 配方中各组分作用
腺嘌呤: 主药; 微晶纤维素: 稀释剂; 羧甲基淀粉钠: 崩解剂; 硬脂酸镁: 润滑剂。
2、 工艺
( 1 ) 将腺嘌呤干燥后粉碎过 60 目筛, 微晶纤维素、 羧甲基淀粉钠、 硬脂 酸镁 80°C干燥, 过 100目筛, 备用;
(2) 称取配方量的腺嘌呤、 微晶纤维素、 羧甲基淀粉钠、 硬脂酸镁, 混合 均匀;
(3 ) 装胶囊;
(4) 取样全检, 合格后包装得成品。
二、 使用方法
用于人的使用方法, 60-120mg/天, 分 3次饭前口服。
实施例 6
腺嘌呤荷瘤兔 MRI药效学研究
应用背景抑制磁共振弥散成像技术及氢质子磁共振波谱动态监测腺嘌吟对 VX2肝移植瘤的治疗后反应; 结合相关的病理学改变探讨磁共振分子影像学在 腺嘌吟抗肿瘤药效学评价中的作用, 初步验证其抗肿瘤作用机制。 采用开腹瘤 块种植法将瘤块种植到新西兰纯种大白兔的肝左叶。 接种后用二维超声监测肿 瘤的大小及生长情况, 待肿瘤长至 0.5-1.5cm大小时, 将荷瘤兔随机分为腺嘌吟 组 (A组)、 内皮抑素组 (B组) 和空白对照组 (C组) 共三组, 每组 8只。 在 荷瘤 14天后开始耳缘静脉注射药物, A组给予腺嘌呤 4.0mg/kg; B组给予内皮 抑素 l.Omg/kg; C组给予生理盐水 0.3mL/kg, 每日用药一次, 连续用药 10天。 三组均于用药前 1天及用药后 2、 7、 13天行 MR常规序列、 STIR-EPI-DWI检 查, 用药前 1天及用药后 10天行 1H-MRS检査。分别测量各组肿瘤组织在不同 时间点表观弥散系数 ADC值及治疗前后胆碱化合物 (choline, Cho)峰与脂质 (lipid, Lip )峰的峰高, 同时测量肿瘤体积并评价 T1WI、 T2WI图像上的信号特征。 治 疗后第 14天处死全部试验动物取出瘤块, 无菌取材部分新鲜肿瘤组织做荧光实 时定量 PCR检测肿瘤 VEGF-A m NA的表达, 剩下的肿瘤组织取最大横断面, 4%多聚甲醛固定, 石蜡包埋, 5μπι连续切片; 分别行 HE染色进行病理学检査, 免疫组化染色检测肿瘤 CD31的表达, TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞的凋亡。
结果表明肿瘤的接种成功率为 100%,化学治疗前三组肿瘤大小没有统计学 意义^ 0.05)。肿瘤变化情况见下表:表 5: 各时间点肿瘤体积 (cm3)及相对肿瘤体 积自然对数值 ln(RTV) 用药前 1
用药后第 3天 用药后第 7天 用药后第 13天 o
组别
肿瘤体积 肿瘤体积 In 1 肿瘤体积 to 肿瘤体积 1 In
'腺嘌
0. 0±0.29 0.52±0.28 0.43进 51; 1.55±1.07*
,呤组 1
i
抑素 0.3歸 -12 0.93±0.46 0.83±0.421 L95±0.8i* L5S±0.4 * 3.46±2.i6* 2.08±0.71*
! 组
1对
0.42±0.22 1.13±0.6 1_06ώ0.45 ] 3.§4±1.0§ 2.3脚.48 ?.9 ±0.62; 3.13±0.δ9
! 组
*与对照组比较尸〈0.01, Α与对照组比较 ΡΟ.05 表 6: VEGF-A mRNA表达和 MVD计数在各组中的分布及相关性 肿瘤 VEGF-AmKNA | MVD计数 腺嘌 组 0.30±0.09* 18.88±4.19' 內皮抑素组 8 0.25±0.08* 20.?5±6.?6* I 0.620 ! 0.001
对照组 0.65±0.13 37.25± 6.45
*与对照组比较尸<0.01 表 7: 治疗 13天后肿瘤组织 ADC值 (x l(T3mm2/S)与 AI相关性 组别 例数 胂瘤 ADC值 AI{%) r值 1 P值
1 胨嘌昤组 8 1 1.95±0.!1** 1?.14±1.67* *
; 内皮抑素组 s 1 1.52±0.08* 6.89±1.05*
Figure imgf000011_0001
! 对照组 8 1 4.70±L49
*与对照组比较 P<0.01, #与内皮抑素组比较 PO.01
结论: 1、 腺嘌呤有抑制兔 VX2肿瘤生长的作用; 2、 利用 DWIBS和 1H- MRS 技术可以在用药早期动态的评价腺嘌呤对 VX2肝移植瘤的疗效; 3、 腺 o嘌吟具有 诱导细胞凋亡, 抑制肿瘤血管生成的抗肿瘤作用机制。 o 实施例 7
一、 注射剂生产工艺
1、 规格与配方
1. 1 配方: 5mg/mL
腺嘌吟: 50g (以无水物计)
氯化钠: 90g
注射用水: lOOOOmL
制成 1000支注射剂。
1. 2 配方中各组分作用
腺嘌呤: 主药
氯化钠: 渗透压调节剂 注射用水: 溶剂。
2、 工艺
( 1 ) 玻璃安瓿按注射剂要求先粗洗后用注射用水精洗, 烘干备用;
(2 ) 向配料罐中加注射用水 6000mL, 加入配方量的氯化钠搅拌溶解;
( 3 )加入 0. 05%的针用活性炭, 60°C搅拌吸附 30分钟, 粗滤脱炭; 加热至 80 以上再加配方量腺嘌呤搅拌溶解, 加注射用水至全量;
(4) 搅拌均匀, 冷却, 精滤;
( 5 ) 取样化验;
(6 ) 灌装入安瓿中, 熔封; 115°C热压灭菌 30分钟。
( 7 ) 灯检、 包装、 入库。
二、 使用方法: 40-100mg/天, 加入 250mL或 500mL生理盐水中缓慢静脉点 滴。
三、 药效学研究 腺嘌吟对裸鼠移植人肝癌 7402 影响的研究
方法 将生长状态良好的细胞稀释成 2 X 107个 /ml, 用注射器植入裸鼠右 前肩背间皮下组织内, 每只 0. 2 ml。 植入完成后自然生长, 从第 5天开始观察 移植瘤生长情况, 待移植瘤可以测量大小时, 每 2 天测定一次。 待移植肿瘤明 显生长, 体积大约为 100- 300謹3时, 按移植瘤体积大小随机分为 4 个组: 溶媒 对照组、 腺嘌吟低剂量组和高剂量组、 阳性对照组, 每组 10只。 溶媒对照组给 予氯化钠注射液, 腺嘌呤低剂量和高剂量组均给予 2. 5rag · ml- 1腺嘌呤溶液, 腺嘌呤高剂量组每天上、 午各给药 1 次, 溶媒对照组和腺嘌吟低剂量组每天上 午给药 1次, 给药容积均为 40ml · kg-1 ; 阳性对照组腹腔注射给予环磷酰胺, 给药剂量为 25mg · kg-1 , 给药容积为 10ml · kg-1 , 每 2 天给药 1次; 各组均 连续给药 11天。 给药前指标观察: 人肝癌细胞 7402移植后, 对瘤源动物每曰 上、 下午各进行一次状况观察, 同时观察记录动物的死亡情况。 分组给药后指 标观察: 每次给药后 30min 内观察一次动物活动状况; 每日上、 下午各观察记 录动物的死亡情况, 直至瘤源动物全部解剖; 给药开始后的每 2 日测量一次瘤 径大小。 解剖时指标观察: 末次给药结束后, 次日进行解剖。 解剖时先称取体 重,脱颈推处死动物,后解剖皮下瘤块,去除坏死组织,称取记录肿瘤重量。 通 过计算相对肿瘤增殖率 T/C (%) 和瘤重抑制率来评价腺嘌呤的抗肿瘤活性。 结果与分析
1 相对肿瘤增殖率结果腺嘌呤低剂量组、 高剂量组和阳性对照组的相对肿瘤 增殖率分别为 74. 57%、 27. 89%和 36. 67%, 结合相对肿瘤体积比较结果, 可判定 高剂量 (200mg · kg- 1 ) 给药可有效抑制人肝癌细胞 7402裸鼠体内生长。
2瘤重抑制率结果
腺嘌呤低剂量组、 高剂量组和阳性对照组的瘤重抑制率分别为 25. 43%、 72. 11% 和 63. 33%, 表明腺嘌呤低剂量给药由一定作用趋势, 高剂量给药可有效抑制肿 瘤增殖。
以上结果不难看出, 腺嘌呤裸鼠实验与体外实验一样有抗肿瘤作用。 本实 验数据出自于山东欣博新药评价中心 (中华人民共和国国家食品药品管理局认 定的 GLP新药临床前评价中心), 数据可靠。
实施例 8
一、 缓释注射剂生产工艺
1、 规格与配方
1. 1 配方: 5mg/支
腺嘌呤: 50g (以无水物计)
聚乳酸共聚物: 50g
二氯甲垸: 500mL
羧甲基纤维素钠: 15g
0. 9%氯化钠溶液: lOOOOmL
制成 1000支缓释注射剂。
1. 2 配方中各组分作用
腺嘌呤: 主药
聚乳酸共聚物: 缓释辅料
羧甲基纤维素钠: 助溶剂
二氯甲垸: 溶媒
0. 9%氯化钠溶液: 溶剂。 2、 生产工艺
( 1 ) 西林瓶、 瓶塞及铝盖按注射剂要求先粗洗后用注射用水精洗, 烘干备 用;
( 2) 将配方量的聚乳酸共聚物加入容器中, 加二氯甲垸适量溶解混匀, 再 加配方量的腺嘌吟混匀, 用喷雾干燥法制备注射用微球;
( 3) 将制得的注射用微球溶于羧甲基纤维素钠生理盐水中, 制成混悬液;
(4)将混悬液分别装入西林瓶, -80°C冷冻 24小时后, 置于冻干机真空干 燥 48小时;
( 5 ) 取样化验;
(6 ) 压塞, 压铝盖;
( 7 ) 检验、 包装、 入库。
二、 使用方法
用于人的使用方法, 40-100mg/天, 加入 250mL生理盐水中静脉点滴。
实施例 9
HT-29大肠癌鸡胚尿囊膜移植模型建立及抗肿瘤血管生成、组织细胞增殖机 制研究。
一、 建立稳定的大肠癌鸡胚尿囊膜移植模型
观察鸡胚尿囊膜血管发育的动态变化, 明确建立大肠癌鸡胚尿囊膜移植模 型的最适条件。 选择最高成瘤率时接种 HT- 29细胞的最低数量作为模型建立的 理想接种细胞数量; 将相同理想数量的 HT-29细胞接种于不同日龄鸡胚尿囊膜 的相对无血管区, 确定最佳接种胚龄; 将理想数量的细胞接种到最适日龄鸡胚 尿囊膜的相对无血管区, 了解大肠癌鸡胚尿囊膜移植模型的瘤体生长和血管生 成变化规律。
二、 抗肿瘤机制探讨
设腺嘌呤组、 PBS做空白对照组、 恩度为阳性对照组、 VEGF为阴性对照组 共 4个组。 选择已接种 HT- 29细胞 3天后的成瘤鸡胚, 在成瘤处放置预处理的 明胶海绵, 将实验组药物和对照组 PBS各取 10 μ 1分别加于各组的明胶海绵上, 孵育 5 天, 固定取膜, 观察不同实验组血管形成特征, 计算所选区域血管面积 比, 并计算血管生成抑制率。 取瘤体组织固定, 石蜡包埋、 常规石蜡切片, HE 染色法观察瘤体的组织学特征, 采用免疫组织化学技术检测组织增殖细胞核抗 原 PCNA的表达。 结果表明 5 μ g/鸡胚的腺嘌呤可抑制大肠癌鸡胚尿囊膜移植模 型的血管生成, 腺嘌呤抗肿瘤的机制并不只是通过直接抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖, 而是通过抑制血管内皮细胞的增殖, 进而抑制肿瘤组织血管形成, 从而进一步 抑制肿瘤生长。
结论-
1、 腺嘌呤有明显抑制鸡胚肿瘤血管生长的作用;
2、 其抑制鸡胚肿瘤血管生成的作用较内皮抑素强;
3、 腺嘌吟能抑制肿瘤各级新生血管生成。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 人体五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 所述的五种碱基包括: 腺 嘌吟、 鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 其中, 所述的碱基为腺嘌吟、 鸟嘌呤、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶中的一种或多种。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 其中, 所述的碱基为鸟嘌吟、 胞嘧啶、 胸腺嘧啶或尿嘧啶中的一种或两种与腺嘌吟的 组合。
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 其中, 所述的肿瘤为肺癌、 结肠癌、 胃癌、 食管癌、 肝癌、 胰腺癌、 乳腺癌、 生殖系 统肿瘤或胶质瘤。
5、 根据权利要求 1-4所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 其中 所述的药物为口服片剂、 注射剂、 缓释剂或靶向制剂。
6、 根据权利要求 5所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 所述口 服片剂的制备方法是将所述的碱基加入辅料中, 碱基和辅料的重量比例为 1 : 1, 制成碱基含量为 10- 30mg/片口服片剂。
7、 根据权利要求 5所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 所述注 射剂的制备方法为将所述的碱基直接溶解于磷酸缓冲溶液中, 制成碱基总浓度 为 5-25mg/mL的注射剂, 每只注射剂体积为 2-10mL。
8、 根据权利要求 5所述的五种正常碱基在制备肿瘤药物中的应用, 所述缓 释剂的制备方法为: 用药物脂质体、 微囊或胶束释药系统将所述的碱基制成缓 释剂, 然后将缓释剂做成注射剂。
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