WO2013071667A1 - 一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统 - Google Patents

一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013071667A1
WO2013071667A1 PCT/CN2011/083991 CN2011083991W WO2013071667A1 WO 2013071667 A1 WO2013071667 A1 WO 2013071667A1 CN 2011083991 W CN2011083991 W CN 2011083991W WO 2013071667 A1 WO2013071667 A1 WO 2013071667A1
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Prior art keywords
mass
damper
spring
damping
parallel
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2011/083991
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈龙
张孝良
聂佳梅
江浩斌
汪若尘
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US14/240,748 priority Critical patent/US9074652B2/en
Priority to DE112011105400.9T priority patent/DE112011105400B4/de
Publication of WO2013071667A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013071667A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F13/00Units comprising springs of the non-fluid type as well as vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or fluid springs
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/04Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and mechanical damper or dynamic damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60NSEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/50Seat suspension devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D33/00Superstructures for load-carrying vehicles
    • B62D33/06Drivers' cabs
    • B62D33/0604Cabs insulated against vibrations or noise, e.g. with elastic suspension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60GVEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/067Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16FSPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of vibration damping and vibration isolation, and particularly relates to a passive canopy and a ground dam damping vibration isolation system. Background technique
  • Vibration isolation is a classic problem in mechanical engineering. Many machines require vibration isolation systems. Common examples include cars, trains, heavy machinery, aircraft landing gear, space landing vehicles, and more.
  • the purpose of vibration isolation is to reduce the transmission of external disturbances to sensitive parts of the system.
  • the suspension consisting of springs and damping elements can reduce the response of sensitive parts of the system to external disturbances, thus achieving the purpose of isolating vibration.
  • Vibration isolation systems are commonly used to attenuate vibration and shock and continuous harmonic excitation.
  • the damper is connected to the isolated mass at one end.
  • the other end is connected to the inertial reference frame, and the vehicle suspension system is an obvious example.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified ideal ceiling damped vehicle suspension system
  • Figure 2 is the equivalent mechanical network of Figure 1.
  • One end of the isolated mass m 2 is its centroid and the other end is a fixed point in the inertial reference frame.
  • the inertial reference frame becomes the common end of the damper c sky and the isolated mass m 2 , so the damper c sky can pass the isolated mass through the inertial reference frame.
  • the parallel vibration energy absorption mass m 2 to suppress the resonance of the mass m 2.
  • active and semi-active vibration isolation systems require external energy input and are complex in structure, and their reliability is not as good as passive vibration isolation systems.
  • active and semi-active vibration isolation systems require external energy input and are complex in structure, and their reliability is not as good as passive vibration isolation systems.
  • it in the process of vibration isolation, whether it is active or semi-active vibration isolation system, it must go through three links, including sensor measurement, controller calculation and execution of the actuator, and many intermediate links, plus sensor The measurement, the calculation of the controller and the error and time lag of the actuator seriously affect the real-time and effectiveness of the control, making the actual vibration isolation effect of the active and semi-active vibration isolation system difficult to achieve the theoretical expected effect.
  • U.S. Patent No. 6,315,094 B1 discloses a passive canopy vibration isolation system comprising a main vibration system and a damped dynamic vibration absorber.
  • the spring and the damper support the main mass
  • the damped dynamic vibration absorber Attached to the main mass of the main vibration system, adjust the parameters of the dynamic vibration absorber to suppress the vibration of the main mass.
  • this passive canopy vibration isolation system there is an irreconcilable contradiction between the mass of the vibrator vibrator and the amplitude of the vibrator.
  • the vibration absorber is the same as the natural frequency of the main vibration system, on the one hand, to reduce the amplitude of the vibrator, it is necessary to increase the stiffness of the vibration absorber spring, and accordingly the quality of the vibrator is also increased, which inevitably results in additional mass on the main mass.
  • the body mass is l 3 80kg, even if the vibrator quality in the patent is calculated as the minimum percentage of the main mass of 5%, the additional mass on the body is 69kg, obviously, increase
  • the mass of the vibrator it is necessary to reduce the stiffness of the vibrator spring, which will lead to an increase in the amplitude of the vibrator, which is obviously not conducive to the arrangement of the vibrator.
  • a passive canopy and floor shed damping vibration isolation system to overcome the shortcomings of active and semi-active implementation methods requiring external energy input, complex structure, real-time and poor reliability, while avoiding the application of damped power.
  • the vibration vibrator brings the contradiction between the vibrator mass and the vibrator amplitude, coordinates the contradiction between the resonance response and the high-frequency attenuation, and suppresses the resonance of the isolated mass without increasing the high-frequency transmission rate.
  • the invention provides a passive canopy and a ground dam damping vibration isolation system, which can overcome the deficiencies of the above implementation methods, and the vibration isolation effect is close to the ideal canopy and the ground shed damping.
  • the present invention employs a conventional container (Inerter, also known as an inertial mass accumulator or an inertial accumulator, see U.S. Patents 7316303B2, 2009/0108510A1 and 2009/0139225A1) as a basic component of the system.
  • a conventional container Inerter, also known as an inertial mass accumulator or an inertial accumulator, see U.S. Patents 7316303B2, 2009/0108510A1 and 2009/0139225A1
  • the inertial mass energy storage suspension disclosed in Chinese patents 201010281331.9, 201010281336.1 and 201010281307.5 is mainly for reducing the vertical acceleration of the vehicle body and the dynamic load of the tire, improving the ride comfort of the vehicle and the grounding property of the tire, and coordinating the contradiction between the ride comfort and the tire grounding property.
  • the above patent does not give a relationship between the specific parameters or parameters of the suspension which have a decisive influence on the suspension performance, nor does it give a method for determining these parameters.
  • this invention Mainly to passively realize the function of ideal canopy and floor shed damping, not only a passive canopy and floor shed damping vibration isolation system is disclosed, but also a method for determining the parameters of the system is disclosed.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: Overcoming the active and semi-active implementation methods requires technical disadvantages of external energy input, complicated structure, real-time and poor reliability, and solving the ideal ceiling and floor shed damping requirements that the damper must be connected to the inertial reference system.
  • the technical problem is to provide a passive canopy and a ground damper damping vibration isolation system, which does not require the damper to be connected with the inertial reference frame and can maximize the function of the ideal canopy and floor shed damping, and suppress the vibration of the isolated mass.
  • the technical solution adopted by the invention is to convert the isolated mass resonance into the inertial container resonance by using the anti-resonance phenomenon of the "inertia container-spring-mass" vibration state conversion system, thereby eliminating the resonance phenomenon of the isolated mass, on the basis of
  • the damper is placed in parallel with the inertia vessel to prevent the damper from being paralleled by the isolated mass, thereby overcoming the technical bias that the damper must be connected to the inertial reference frame.
  • the passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system of the present invention is a Two Degrees of Freedom (2DOF) system, including a “spring damper c" parallel body, a “spring damper c t “ parallel body, a canopy damping C sky , floor damper Cgnd , active foundation, mass vibration state transition system and quality "3 ⁇ 4 vibration state transition system.
  • 2DOF Two Degrees of Freedom
  • the "spring damper c t " parallel body is composed of a spring and a damper c t connected in parallel;
  • the mass " ⁇ vibration state conversion system includes a mass mi and a mass mi vibration state converter, and the mass mi vibration state converter is composed of a spring and a habit container ⁇ Parallel connection, the mass vibration state converter is connected in series and supports the mass m 1 ;
  • the "spring fc t - damper c t " parallel body is connected in series with the mass mi vibration state converter, and is supported by the mass vibration state converter
  • the active base is connected in series and supports the "spring damper c t " parallel body;
  • the floor damper c gnd is connected in parallel with the mass mi vibration state converter to form a mass mi vibration state converter and ground A parallel body of shed dampers c gnd .
  • the "spring damper c" parallel body is composed of a spring and a damper c connected in parallel;
  • the mass m 2 vibration state conversion system includes a mass m 2 and a mass m 2 vibration state converter, and the mass "3 ⁇ 4 vibration state converter is composed of a spring and a conventional container b 2 is connected in parallel, the mass m 2 vibration state converter is connected in series and supports the mass m 2 ;
  • the "spring damper c" parallel body is connected in series with the mass m 2 vibration state converter, and passes the mass "3 ⁇ 4 vibration state converter” Supporting the entire mass m 2 vibration state conversion system;
  • the mass OTl is connected in series and supports the "spring damper c" parallel body;
  • the ceiling damper c sky and the mass m 2 vibration state converter are connected in parallel to form a mass m 2 vibration state converter With skylight resistance
  • the parallel body of the instrument c sky The parallel body of the instrument c sky .
  • the invention removes the parallel body of the mass mi vibration state converter and the floor damper Cgnd in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, respectively, the two ends of the "spring damper c t " parallel body respectively with the mass mi , activity
  • the foundation is directly connected in series to form a 2DOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system.
  • the invention removes the parallel body of the mass "3" vibration state converter and the ceiling damper Csky in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, and the two ends of the "spring damper c" parallel body respectively have the mass mi and the mass m 2 Directly connected in series to form a 2DOF passive shed damping vibration isolation system.
  • the invention removes the "spring damper Ct " parallel body, the mass mi vibration state converter and the floor damper c gnd parallel body and the mass mi in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, and the "spring damper c""The parallel body and the active foundation are directly connected in series to form a SDOF (Single Degree of Freedom) passive canopy damping vibration isolation system.
  • SDOF Single Degree of Freedom
  • the mass m 2 is m 2
  • the stiffness of the spring k 2 is, the inertia coefficient of the inertia container b 2 is b 2
  • the ceiling damper c sky The damping is ⁇
  • the stiffness of the spring is k
  • the damping of the damper c is ⁇ the mass of the mass ⁇ is mi
  • the stiffness of the spring is, the inertia coefficient of the inertia container is b
  • the damping of the floor damper 11 (the damping of 1 is c gnd)
  • the stiffness of the spring is such that the damping of the damper c t is c t .
  • Step one remove the canopy damper c sky and the floor damper nd in the 2DOF ideal canopy and the floor damper vibration isolation system to obtain the 2DOF traditional passive vibration isolation system;
  • 2DOF traditional passive vibration isolation system parameters are known: mass m 2
  • the mass is m 2
  • the stiffness of the spring k is k
  • the damping of the damper c is c
  • the mass of the mass mi is mi
  • the stiffness of the spring k is the damping of the damper c t is c t
  • Step 2 Calculate the anti-resonant frequency of the mass “ 3 ⁇ 4 vibratory state transition system 2 ⁇ :
  • Step 6 Determine the relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ according to the principle that 1A and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 are approximately equal:
  • Step 7 Determine the parameter values of ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4. Calculations and experiments show that the smaller the values of ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4, the closer the performance of the passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system of the present invention is to the ideal canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, but the value of the sum is too small, resulting in a mass mi.
  • the relative stroke between the mass m 2 and the mass mi and the active base is too large.
  • should be greater than or equal to /3, and should be greater than or equal to the same value.
  • the sum of ⁇ and the value should not be too large, and 3 ⁇ 4 If it is too large, it will cause the performance of the passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • Step 8 Know the parameters of 2DOF ideal ceiling and floor dam damping system: mass ⁇ is mass mi , mass is 3 ⁇ 4 mass m 2 , spring stiffness is fc, damper c is damping ⁇ , spring stiffness For example, the damping of the damper c t is c t , the damping of the canopy damper c sky is ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ and the damping of the floor damper 11 ( the damping of 1 is c gnd .
  • the invention is simple and reliable, and does not require energy input; compared with the passive canopy damping vibration isolation system using the damped dynamic vibration absorber, The invention avoids the problem that the vibrator quality and the vibrator amplitude contradict each other; compared with the conventional passive vibration isolation system, the performance of the vibration isolation system disclosed by the invention is greatly improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an ideal ceiling damper vehicle suspension system.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent mechanical network of an ideal canopy damped vehicle suspension system.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a mass m 2 vibration state transition system.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the 2DOF ideal ceiling and floor dam damping isolation system.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground damper damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a 2DOF conventional passive vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a mass mi vibration state transition system.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram showing the displacement transmission rate of the mass m 2 of the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram showing the displacement transfer rate of the mass mi of the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground shed damping vibration isolation system.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a 2DOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic diagram showing the displacement transmission rate of the mass m 2 of the 2DOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a 2DOF passive shed damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing the displacement transfer rate of the mass mi of the 2DOF passive shed damping vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the SDOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system.
  • the mass m 2 vibration state converter 45 is constituted by a spring k 2 2 connected in parallel with the inertia container b 2 3 , and the mass «3 ⁇ 4 vibration state converter 45 is connected in series and supports the mass m 2 l to constitute a mass m 2 vibration state.
  • Conversion system 46 which is a simple system whose motion can be described by a second order differential equation
  • m 2 + b 2 (3 ⁇ 4 - 3 ⁇ 4 ) + 0 Among them, is the displacement of the mass m 2 l, 3 ⁇ 4 is the displacement input of the system, and the stiffness of the spring 2 and the inertia coefficient of the habitual container b 2 3, respectively.
  • the mass m 2 vibration state transition 46 system is substituted for the mass m 2 l in the system A, and the anti-resonance frequency 2 ⁇ is brought close to the mass m 2 in the system ⁇
  • the resonant frequency of l can convert the resonance of mass m 2 l into the resonance of the inertial container b 2 3, eliminating the resonance of mass “3 ⁇ 41”, providing a solution for the passive realization of ideal canopy and floor shed damping.
  • the two degree of freedom (2DOF) ideal canopy and floor dam damping vibration isolation system includes mass mi 8 and mass m 2 l, "spring fc5-damper c6" parallel body and “spring fc t 9 - Damper c t 10" parallel body, canopy damper c sky 4 and floor damper Cgnd 7.
  • the "spring damper c6" parallel body is composed of a spring and a damper c6 connected in parallel
  • the “spring damper Ct 10" parallel body is composed of a spring k t 9 and a damper Ct 10 connected in parallel
  • "spring damper c6" is connected in parallel
  • One end of the body is connected in series with the mass m 2 l , and the other end is connected in series with the mass mi 8 .
  • the mass is supported by the “spring damper c6" parallel body with mass m 2 l, "spring fc t 9-damper Ct 10" parallel body
  • One end is connected in series with the mass, the other end is connected in series with the movable foundation 11, and the movable foundation 11 supports the mass m 2 l through the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body;
  • the canopy damper c sky 4 and the floor damper Cgnd 7 One end is connected to the mass m 2 l and the mass mi 8 respectively, and the other end is connected to the inertial reference frame, respectively.
  • the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system is a passive realization system of 2DOF ideal ceiling and floor dam damping vibration isolation system, including "spring damper c6" parallel body, “spring damper Ct 10" parallel Body, canopy damper c sky 4, floor damper Cgnd 7, active base 11, mass mi vibration state transition system 48 and mass m 2 vibration state transition system 46.
  • the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body is composed of a spring k t 9 and a damper Ct 10 connected in parallel;
  • the mass mi vibration state conversion system 48 includes a mass mi 8 and a mass mi vibration state converter 47, a mass mi vibration state converter 47 is composed of a spring ⁇ 12 and a conventional container ⁇ 13 connected in parallel, the mass mi vibration state converter 47 is connected in series and supports the mass "8";
  • the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body is connected in series with the mass mi vibration state converter 47 and it is supported by a mass mi vibration state converter 47 the entire mass of the vibration state converting system 48 mi; active base connecting and supporting the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body 11 in series.
  • the floor damper c gnd 7 is connected in parallel with the mass mi vibration state converter 47 to constitute a parallel body of the mass mi vibration state converter 47 and the floor damper Cgnd 7.
  • the "spring damper c6" parallel body is constituted by a parallel connection of a spring fc5 and a damper c6, and the mass m 2 vibration state conversion system 46 includes a mass m 2 l and a mass "3 ⁇ 4 vibration state converter 45, a quality "3 ⁇ 4 vibration state converter 45"
  • the spring k 2 2 and the inertia container b 2 3 are connected in parallel, and the mass m 2 vibration state converter 45 is connected in series and supports the mass m 2 l ;
  • "spring fc5-damper c6" parallel body and mass” 3 ⁇ 4 vibration state transition connector 45 in series, and supports the entire mass m 2 vibration state converting system 46 through a mass m 2 vibration state converter 45; mass mi are connected in series and supports the "spring damper C6" parallel body.
  • the ceiling damper c sky 4 and the mass "3" vibration state converter 45 are connected in parallel to form a parallel body of the mass m 2 vibration state converter 45 and the ceiling damper Csky 4.
  • the parallel body of the mass vibration state converter 47 and the floor damper nd 7 can be interchanged with the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body, and the mass m 2 vibration
  • the parallel body of the state converter 45 and the ceiling damper c sky 4 can be interchanged with the "spring damper c6" parallel body.
  • the conventional container b 2 3 and the conventional container 13 may be a Rack and pinion inerter (see U.S. Patent No. 7,316,303 B2), a ball screw inertial container (Ballscrew inerter, see U.S. Patent No. 2009/0108510 A1), and a hydraulic inertia container. (Hydraulic inerter, see one of the US patents 2009/0139225 A1).
  • the mass m 2 l has a mass of m 2
  • the spring k 2 2 has a stiffness of 3 ⁇ 4
  • the inertia container b 2 3 has a habit coefficient of b 2 , and the canopy is damped.
  • the damping of c sky 4 is (: ⁇ , the stiffness of the spring is k, the damping of the damper c6 is c, the mass of the mass mi 8 is m, the stiffness of the spring l2 is, and the inertia of the inertial container ⁇ 13 is ⁇ , ground
  • the damping of the shed damper c gnd 7 is Cgnd
  • the stiffness of the spring fc t 9 is ⁇
  • the damping of the damper Ct 10 is c t .
  • Step 1 Figure 4, remove the 2DOF ideal canopy and the canopy damper c sky 4 and the floor damper c gnd 7 in the shed damping vibration isolation system, get 2DOF traditional passive vibration isolation system, as shown in Figure 6; Know the 2DOF traditional passive vibration isolation system parameters: mass m 2 l mass m 2 , spring 10 stiffness k, damper c6 damping c, mass m x % mass mi , spring k t 9 stiffness And the damping of the damper c t 10 is c t; calculating the resonance frequency of the mass m 2 l in the 2DOF conventional passive vibration isolation system ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 : Step 2, as shown in Figure 3, calculates the anti-resonance frequency of the mass state transition system 46 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ :
  • Step 5 calculates the anti-resonance frequency of the mass vibration state conversion system 48 :
  • Step 6 Determine the relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ according to the principle that 1 ⁇ and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 are approximately equal:
  • Step 7 Determine the parameter values of ⁇ and .
  • Calculations and experiments show that the smaller the value of ⁇ and the smaller the performance of the passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system of the present invention, the closer the performance of the ideal canopy and the ground shed damping vibration isolation system, but the value of the sum is too small, resulting in mass mi 8
  • the relative stroke between the mass m 2 l and the mass mi 8 and the active base 11 is too large.
  • should be greater than or equal to /3, which should be greater than or equal to, and the values of ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4 cannot be exceeded. Large, ⁇ and too large, will cause the performance of the passive canopy and floor dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • Step eight and the 2DOF over the skyhook damping vibration isolation system parameters are known: mass mass mi mi. 8, the mass m of the mass m 2 L 2, the spring stiffness FC fc5, c c6 damping damper, the spring fc t 9 stiffness, damping dampers c t Ct 10, the skyhook damper c sky Csky damping damper 4 and the shed of the CGND damping Cgnd 7.
  • the value of ⁇ and the value determined from step 7 are determined according to the relationship with b 2 determined in step 3 and the ⁇ and ⁇ determined in step six.
  • Step three in accordance with the principle of equal approximately 6 ⁇ and "2, and b is determined 3 ⁇ 4 relation formula 2:
  • Step 5 Calculate the anti-resonance frequency of the mass ⁇ vibration state transition system 48 ⁇ : ⁇ !
  • Step 6 Determine the relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ according to the principle that 1A and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 are approximately equal:
  • Step seven determine the value of the parameter.
  • Step 8 According to the relationship determined by the third step and the relationship between ⁇ and ⁇ determined in step 6, the specific parameter values of ⁇ and b 2 are finally determined:
  • the ideal canopy and floor shed damping vibration isolation system is passively realized, and the damper must not be connected with the inertial reference frame, thus overcoming the Ideal ceiling and floor damping require technical bias that the damper must be connected to the inertial reference frame.
  • Figure 8 shows that on the mass m 2 displacement transfer rate curve, the traditional passive vibration isolation system has two peaks, which are the result of the resonance of the mass m 2 and the mass mi at the natural frequency, and the frequencies are 1.2 Hz and B 10.2 Hz, respectively.
  • the values of the ideal canopy and ground shed damping vibration isolation system in the passive canopy and the ground shed damping vibration isolation system at 1.2 Hz are reduced by 68.1% and 60%, respectively, at 10.2 Hz.
  • the values were reduced by 62.3% and 58%, respectively.
  • Figure 9 shows that on the mass mi displacement transfer rate curve, the traditional passive vibration isolation system has a large peak, which is the result of the resonance of the mass at the natural frequency.
  • the frequency is 10.2 Hz, which is ideal compared with the traditional passive vibration isolation system.
  • the values of the canopy and floor dam damping vibration isolation system, passive canopy and ground shed damping vibration isolation system are reduced by 69.1% and 65.4% respectively.
  • the ideal canopy and floor shed vibration isolation system can completely suppress the resonance of mass m 2 and mass mi , and the passive canopy and ground shed damping vibration isolation system can better suppress the quality.
  • the resonance of 3 ⁇ 4 and mass ⁇ is close to the ideal ceiling and floor dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • the vibration isolation performance of both systems is significantly better than the traditional passive vibration isolation system.
  • Figure 10 is a first embodiment of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground damper vibration isolation system.
  • the system consists of mass mi 8 and mass m 2 l, "spring damper c6" parallel body and “spring fc t 9-damper Ct 10" parallel body, “spring W2-common container ⁇ 13" parallel body and “spring fc 2 2_ inertial container b 2 3 "parallel body, canopy damper c sky 4 and floor damper c gnd 7, movable foundation 11, lever 1 ⁇ 15 and lever L 2 14, fixed rod and fixed rod R 2 16, and Slide 18.
  • the "spring damper c6" parallel body is composed of a spring 1 ⁇ and a damper c6 in parallel.
  • the "spring damper Ct 10" parallel body is composed of a spring 9 and a damper Ct 10 in parallel, and the "spring 12-common container ⁇ 13" is connected in parallel.
  • Spring 12 It is formed in parallel with the inertia container ⁇ 13
  • the "spring 2 - inertia container b 2 3 " parallel body is composed of a spring k 2 2 and a conventional container b 2 3 in parallel; the mass m 2 l, the mass mi 8 and the movable foundation 11 are supported by the rolling
  • the fulcrum of the lever L 2 14 is fixed on the mass m 2 l, and the upper end of the parallel body of the spring fc5-damper c6 is hinged to one end of the lever L 2 14 , the lower end and hinge quality, "fc 2 2_ spring inertia parallel vessel b 2 3 ,, the upper end of the lever L and the other end of the hinge 214, the lower end of the fixed rod
  • Figure 11 is a second embodiment of a 2DOF passive canopy and a ground damper vibration isolation system.
  • the difference between the second method and the first method is that the levers Li l5 and L 2 14 are removed, and the "torsion spring A19-torsional damper A20" parallel body and the “torsion spring B21-torsional damper B22” parallel body are used instead of the tension and compression forms.
  • the “torsion spring A19-torsional damper A20” parallel body is composed of a torsion spring A19 and a torsional damper A20 connected in parallel.
  • the utility model has two common ends, one end is fixedly connected with the movable base 11, and the other end is hinged with one end of the "spring W2-common container ⁇ 13" parallel body, and the other end of the "spring W2-common container ⁇ 13" parallel body is Hinged with Otl 8.
  • the ceiling damper c sky 4 is connected in parallel with the inertia container b 2 3
  • the floor damper c gnd 7 is connected in parallel with the inertia container ⁇ 13.
  • Figure 12 is a third embodiment of the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system.
  • the system includes a mass mi 8 and a mass m 2 l, a canopy damping strut 23, a floor dam struts 24, and a movable foundation 11.
  • One end of the canopy damping strut 23 is hinged to the mass "3", and the other end is hinged to the mass mi 8
  • one end of the floor damper strut 24 is hinged to the mass mi 8 and the other end is hinged to the movable base 11.
  • the canopy damping strut 23 includes a spring k 2 2, a habitual container b 2 3, a ceiling damper c sky 4, a spring 1 ⁇ , and a damper c6.
  • the inertia container b 2 3 is a ball screw inertial container including a flywheel chamber A25, a flywheel A26, a screw support A27, a nut A28, a lead screw A29, and a stroke chamber A30.
  • the screw A29 is a screw portion, the other end is a threaded race portion, and the other end is a polished rod portion adjacent to the screw portion;
  • the flywheel A26 has a central threaded hole and is coupled with the screw portion of the screw A29;
  • the flywheel chamber A25 It is a cylindrical shape with one end closed at one end, and the open end is fixed to the outer circle of the screw support A27.
  • the screw support A27 is equipped with a bearing, the outer ring of the bearing is matched with the inner hole of the screw support A27, and the inner ring of the bearing is matched with the polished rod portion of the screw A29 to ensure
  • the lead screw A29 rotates relative to the lead screw support A27, the position of the lead screw support A27 in the axial direction and the radial direction of the lead screw A29 remains unchanged;
  • the nut A28 meshes with the threaded raceway on the lead screw A29;
  • the stroke chamber A30 is The open end is closed at one end and the open end is fixed on the outer circumference of the nut A28 to ensure that the stroke chamber A30 is coaxial with the nut A28.
  • the skylight damper c sky 4 includes a flywheel chamber A25, a flywheel A26 and a viscous oil 31.
  • the flywheel chamber is sealed, the inside is filled with viscous oil 31, and the flywheel A26 is rotated in the viscous oil 31 by the screw A29 to produce viscosity.
  • the damper c6 includes a cylinder A32, a piston A33 with a damper hole, an oil 34, and a piston rod A35.
  • the cylinder A32 is coaxially fixedly connected to the stroke chamber A30.
  • the spring is sleeved on the outer cylinder of the cylinder A32.
  • One end of the spring is fixedly connected to one end of the piston rod A35, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer cylinder of the cylinder A32.
  • the spring k 2 2 is fitted in the outer cylinder of the stroke chamber A30, one end of which is fixedly connected to the flywheel chamber A25, and the other end is fixedly connected to the stroke chamber A30.
  • the floor dam struts 24 include a spring 12, a conventional container 13, a canopy damper Cgnd 7, a spring fc t 9 and a damper c t 10.
  • the inertia container 13 is a ball screw inertia container, and includes a flywheel chamber B36, a flywheel B37, a screw support B38, a nut B39, a lead screw B40, and a stroke chamber B41.
  • the floor damper c gnd 7 includes a flywheel chamber B36, a flywheel B37, and a viscous oil 31.
  • the damper c t 10 includes a cylinder B42, a piston B43 with a damper hole, an oil 34, and a piston rod B44.
  • the floor damper strut 24 has the same structure as the ceiling damper strut 23, and the connection relationship between the components of the floor damper strut 24 can be referred to the ceiling damper strut 23.
  • the present invention removes the parallel body of the mass mi vibration state converter 47 and the floor damper Cgnd 7 in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, and the "spring fc t 9-damper Ct 10 " is connected in parallel.
  • the two ends of the body are directly connected in series with the mass m% and the active foundation 11, forming a 2DOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • Figure 14 shows that on the mass m 2 displacement transfer rate curve, the traditional passive vibration isolation system has a large peak, which is the result of the mass m 2 resonating at the natural frequency, the frequency is 1.2Hz, and the traditional passive vibration isolation system. In comparison, the value of the ideal and passive canopy damping vibration isolation system is reduced by 69.7% and 63.7%, respectively.
  • the curve of Fig. 14 combined with the above analysis shows that the ideal ceiling vibration isolation system can completely suppress the resonance of mass m 2 , and the passive skylight vibration isolation system can better suppress the mass “3 ⁇ 4 resonance”, and its displacement transmission rate is close to the ideal ceiling vibration isolation. In the system, the vibration isolation performance of both systems is significantly better than the traditional passive vibration isolation system.
  • the present invention removes the parallel body of the mass m 2 vibration state converter 45 and the ceiling damper Csky 4 in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, respectively, and the two ends of the "spring damper c6" parallel body are respectively It is directly connected in series with mass mi 8 and mass m 2 l to form a 2DOF passive shed damping vibration isolation system, as shown in Figure 15.
  • Figure 16 shows that on the mass mi displacement transfer rate curve, the traditional passive vibration isolation system has a large peak, which is the result of the resonance of the mass at the natural frequency. The frequency is 10.2 Hz, which is ideal compared with the traditional passive vibration isolation system. The value of the passive shed damping vibration isolation system is reduced by 67.6% and 64.2% respectively.
  • the present invention removes the "spring damper Ct 10 " parallel body, the mass mi vibration state converter 47 and the floor damper Cgnd 7 in the 2DOF passive canopy and the ground dam damping vibration isolation system, and the mass mi 8
  • the "spring fc5-damper c6" parallel body is directly connected in series with the movable foundation 11 to form a SDOF passive canopy damping vibration isolation system, as shown in Fig. 17.
  • the mass m 2 l and mass mi 8 can be body and wheel, seat and body, cab and body, or seat and cab.
  • the implementation method and the vibration isolation system disclosed by the present invention are not limited to a single degree of freedom and two degrees of freedom, and may be extended to multiple degrees of freedom, and are not limited to the form of translation, but may also be a form of rotation, which may be used. Rotate and twist the element instead of the translational element.

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Abstract

一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统及其参数的确定方法,利用"惯容器(b1、b2)-弹簧(k1、k2)-质量(m1、m2)"振动状态转换系统的反共振现象,将被隔离质量的共振转换为惯容器的共振,消除了被隔离质量的共振现象,在此基础上,让阻尼器跨过惯容器与之并联,从而避免了阻尼器跨过被隔离质量与之并联,解决了理想天棚和地棚阻尼要求阻尼器必须与惯性参考系相连的技术问题。本发明不要求阻尼器与惯性参考系相连,且能够最大限度地实现理想天棚和地棚阻尼的功能,抑制被隔离质量的振动,克服主动和半主动实现方法需要外界能量输入、结构复杂、实时性与可靠性差的技术缺点。

Description

一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统 技术领域
本发明涉及减振和隔振技术领域, 具体讲的是一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统。 背景技术
隔振是机械工程中的一个经典问题。 许多机械都需要隔振系统, 常见的例子包括汽 车、 火车、 重型机械、 飞机着陆装置、 太空登陆车等等。 隔振的目的是减小外部扰动向 系统敏感部分的传递, 由弹簧和阻尼元件组成的悬架可以减小系统敏感部分对外部扰动 的响应, 从而达到隔离振动的目的。 隔振系统通常用来衰减振动和冲击及持续的谐波激 励。
长期以来, 人们一直致力于被动隔振系统的设计与应用研究, 研究发现, 传统被动 隔振系统不能协调共振响应与高频衰减之间的矛盾, 制约了被动隔振系统性能的进一步 提高。 为了解决这个问题, Kamopp和 Crosby提了一种理想天棚阻尼, 它能够衰减共振 响应而不增加高频传递率 (D. Karnopp, M. J. Crosby, R. A. Harwood. "Vibration Control Using Semi-Active Force Generators", Journal of Engineering for Industry, 96(2): 619-626, 1974) 理想天棚阻尼要求粘性阻尼器必须与惯性参考系相连,然而, 在许多实际场合下, 阻尼器不可能一端与被隔离质量相连, 另一端与惯性参考系相连, 车辆悬架系统就是一 个很明显的例子。 图 1是一种简化的理想天棚阻尼车辆悬架系统, 图 2是图 1的等效机 械网络。 被隔离质量 m2的一个端点是它的质心, 另一个端点是惯性参考系中的固定点。 对相对于惯性参考系静止的系统来说, 惯性参考系成为了阻尼器 csky和被隔离质量 m2的 公共端, 因此, 阻尼器 csky可以通过惯性参考系跨过被隔离质量》¾与之并联, 吸收质量 m2的振动能量, 抑制质量 m2的共振。然而, 对诸如车辆悬架这类相对于惯性参考系运动 的系统来说, 阻尼器 csky失去了惯性参考系这个天然的公共端, 因此, 不再能跨过被隔 离质量 m2, 这正是人们认为理想天棚阻尼不能被动实现的根本原因。
为了达到理想天棚阻尼的隔振效果, 人们采用替代的实现方式来实现天棚阻尼, 包 括主动和半主动实现方式。 主动实现方式采用传感器、 作动器及电子控制技术来实现天 棚阻尼 (C. R. Fuller, S. J. Elliott, P. A. Nelson. "Active Control of Vibration", Academic Press, New York, 1996 )。 半主动实现方式采用电子控制阻尼调节的方法来实现天棚阻尼 (S. Rakheja. "Vibration and Shock Isolation Performance of a Semi-Active 'on- off Damper", Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress, and Reliabilty in Design, 107(4): 398-403, 1985)。尽管 主动和半主动的实现方式在理论上能产生预期的效果, 但主动和半主动隔振系统需要外 界能量输入, 并且结构复杂, 其可靠性还不如被动隔振系统。 而且, 在隔振过程中, 无 论是主动还是半主动隔振系统, 都要经过三个环节, 包括传感器的测量、 控制器的计算 和执行机构的执行环节, 中间环节多, 再加上传感器的测量、 控制器的计算及执行机构 的误差和时滞, 严重影响了控制的实时性与有效性, 使得主动和半主动隔振系统实际隔 振效果难以达到理论上的预期效果。
美国专利 6315094B1公开了一种被动天棚隔振系统, 该系统包括主振系和有阻尼的 动力吸振器两部分, 在主振系中, 弹簧和阻尼器支撑着主质量, 有阻尼的动力吸振器附 加在主振系的主质量上, 调节动力吸振器的参数, 抑制主质量的振动。 在这种被动天棚 隔振系统中, 吸振器振子的质量与振子的振幅存在着不可调和的矛盾。 根据吸振器与主 振系自然频率相同的原则, 一方面, 要减小振子的振幅, 就要增大吸振器弹簧的刚度, 相应地振子的质量也要增加, 这必然造成主质量上附加质量的增加, 以某轿车悬架系统 为例, 其车身质量为 l380kg, 即使按照该专利中振子质量占主质量的最小百分比 5%来 计算, 车身上附加质量也达到了 69kg, 显然, 增加了轿车的整备质量; 另一方面, 要减 小振子的质量, 就要减小吸振器弹簧的刚度, 这将导致振子振幅的增加, 显然, 不利于 吸振器的布置。
综合上述可以看出, 人们迫切需要一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 克服主动和 半主动实现方法需要外界能量输入、 结构复杂、 实时性与可靠性差的不足, 同时避免应 用有阻尼动力吸振器带来的振子质量与振子振幅矛盾的问题, 协调共振响应与高频衰减 之间的矛盾, 在高频传递率不增加的前提下, 抑制被隔离质量的共振。 本发明提供了一 种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 能够克服上述实现方法的不足, 其隔振效果接近于理 想天棚和地棚阻尼。
本发明采用惯容器 (Inerter , 又称惯性质量蓄能器或惯性蓄能器, 见美国专利 7316303B2, 2009/0108510A1和 2009/0139225A1 ) 作为系统一个基本元件。
中国专利 201010281331.9、 201010281336.1和 201010281307.5公开的惯性质量蓄能 悬架, 主要是为了降低车身垂直加速度和轮胎动载荷, 改善车辆乘坐舒适性和轮胎接地 性, 协调乘坐舒适性与轮胎接地性之间矛盾, 但上述专利并没有给出对悬架性能具有决 定性影响的悬架具体参数或参数之间的关系, 也没有给出这些参数的确定方法。 本发明 主要是为了被动地实现理想天棚和地棚阻尼的功能, 不仅公开了一种被动天棚和地棚阻 尼隔振系统, 还公开了该系统参数的确定方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是: 克服主动和半主动实现方法需要外界能量输入、 结 构复杂、 实时性与可靠性差的技术缺点, 解决理想天棚和地棚阻尼要求阻尼器必须与惯 性参考系相连的技术问题, 提供一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 不要求阻尼器与惯 性参考系相连且能够最大限度地实现理想天棚和地棚阻尼的功能, 抑制被隔离质量的振 动。
本发明所采取的技术方案是, 利用 "惯容器-弹簧-质量"振动状态转换系统的反共 振现象, 将被隔离质量共振转换为惯容器共振, 消除被隔离质量的共振现象, 在此基础 上, 让阻尼器跨过惯容器与之并联, 避免阻尼器跨过被隔离质量与之并联, 从而克服理 想天棚和地棚阻尼要求阻尼器必须与惯性参考系连接的技术偏见。
本发明的被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统是一种两自由度 (Two Degrees of Freedom, 2DOF)系统, 包括 "弹簧 阻尼器 c"并联体, "弹簧 阻尼器 ct"并联体, 天棚阻尼器 csky, 地棚阻尼器 Cgnd, 活动基础, 质量 振动状态转换系统和质量《¾振动状态转换系 统。
"弹簧 阻尼器 ct"并联体由弹簧 和阻尼器 ct并联连接构成; 质量》^振动状态 转换系统包括质量 mi和质量 mi振动状态转换器,质量 mi振动状态转换器由弹簧 和惯 容器 ^并联连接构成, 质量 振动状态转换器串联连接并支撑着质量 m1 ; "弹簧 fct-阻 尼器 ct"并联体与质量 mi振动状态转换器串联连接, 并且通过质量》^振动状态转换器 支撑着整个质量^振动状态转换系统; 活动基础串联连接并支撑着 "弹簧 阻尼器 ct" 并联体; 地棚阻尼器 cgnd与质量 mi振动状态转换器并联连接构成质量 mi振动状态转换 器与地棚阻尼器 cgnd的并联体。
"弹簧 阻尼器 c"并联体由弹簧 和阻尼器 c并联连接构成; 质量 m2振动状态转 换系统包括质量 m2和质量 m2振动状态转换器,质量《¾振动状态转换器由弹簧 和惯容 器 b2并联连接构成,质量 m2振动状态转换器串联连接并支撑着质量 m2; "弹簧 阻尼器 c"并联体与质量 m2振动状态转换器串联连接, 并且通过质量》¾振动状态转换器支撑着 整个质量 m2振动状态转换系统; 质量 OTl串联连接并支撑着 "弹簧 阻尼器 c"并联体; 天棚阻尼器 csky与质量 m2振动状态转换器并联连接构成质量 m2振动状态转换器与天棚阻 尼器 csky的并联体。
本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量 mi振动状态转换器与地棚 阻尼器 Cgnd的并联体, 将 "弹簧 阻尼器 ct"并联体的两端分别与质量 mi、 活动基础直 接串联连接, 构成一种 2DOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统。
本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量》¾振动状态转换器与天棚 阻尼器 Csky的并联体, 将 "弹簧 阻尼器 c"并联体的两端分别与质量 mi、 质量 m2直接 串联连接, 构成一种 2DOF被动地棚阻尼隔振系统。
本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct"并联体、 质量 mi振动状态转换器与地棚阻尼器 cgnd的并联体和质量 mi, 将 "弹簧 阻尼器 c"并 联体与活动基础直接串联连接起来, 构成一种 SDOF ( Single Degree of Freedom)被动天 棚阻尼隔振系统。
在本发明的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中, 质量 m2的质量为 m2, 弹簧 k2 的刚度为 , 惯容器 b2的惯容系数为 b2, 天棚阻尼器 csky的阻尼为 ^, 弹簧 的刚度为 k, 阻尼器 c的阻尼为^ 质量 ^的质量为 mi, 弹簧 的刚度为 , 惯容器 ^的惯容系 数为 b 地棚阻尼器 11(1的阻尼为 cgnd, 弹簧 的刚度为 , 阻尼器 ct的阻尼为 ct
2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数 ^、 bi k2、 b2的确定方法为:
步骤一, 去掉 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的天棚阻尼器 csky和地棚阻尼 器 nd, 得到 2DOF传统被动隔振系统; 已知 2DOF传统被动隔振系统参数: 质量 m2的 质量为 m2、 弹簧 k的刚度为 k、 阻尼器 c的阻尼为 c、 质量 mi的质量为 mi、 弹簧 k的刚 度为 和阻尼器 ct的阻尼为 ct; 计算 2DOF传统被动隔振系统中质量 m2的共振频率 ω2
Figure imgf000006_0001
步骤二, 计算质量》¾振动状态转换系统的反共振频率 2Α :
步骤三, 根据 6^与《2近似相等的原则, 确定 ¾与 b2的关系式: k I m2 = k2 l b2 , 式中 和 m是已知参数, 和 b2是待定参数。
步骤四, 计算 2DOF传统被动隔振系统中质量 mi的共振频率 ί¾: ωγ = (fct +k)l ml。 步骤五, 计算质量^振动状态转换系统的反共振频率 1Α : ω! = kl 'bl 。
步骤六, 根据《1A与 ί¾近似相等的原则, 确定 ^与^的关系式:
(kt+k)l ml=kll bx, 式中 、 和 是已知参数, ^和^是待定参数。
步骤七, 确定 ^和¾的参数值。 计算和实验表明, ^和¾的取值越小, 本发明的被 动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能越接近理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 但 和 的取值 太小很造成质量 mi和质量 m2之间以及质量 mi与活动基础之间相对行程过大, 为了避免 相对行程过大, ^应大于等于 /3, 应大于等于 同时, ^和 的取值也不能过大, 和 ¾过大, 会造成被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能的下降, 计算和实验表明, ^小 于等于 fct, 小于等于 时, 本发明的被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能接近理想天棚 和地棚阻尼隔振系统。 因此, /^ , k/?> k^, 也就是, 在 [fct/3, W范围 内, 在[^3, W范围内取值时, 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统能够达到本发明的效果。
步骤八, 已知 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数: 质量 ^的质量为 mi、 质 量》¾的质量为 m2、 弹簧 的刚度为 fc、 阻尼器 c的阻尼为^、 弹簧 的刚度为 、 阻尼 器 ct的阻尼为 ct、 天棚阻尼器 csky的阻尼为^¾^和地棚阻尼器 11(1的阻尼为 cgnd。 从步骤 七确定的范围内取 和 k2的值, 根据步骤三所确定的 与 b2的关系和步骤六所确定的 与 ^的关系, 最后确定 和 的具体参数值: h =——―—— m,, Κ =—ι Ί
(kt+k) k 相对于采用主动和半主动实现方法的天棚阻尼隔振系统, 本发明简单、 可靠, 不需 要能量输入; 相对于采用有阻尼动力吸振器的被动天棚阻尼隔振系统, 本发明避免了振 子质量与振子振幅矛盾的问题; 相对于传统被动隔振系统, 本发明公开的隔振系统性能 有大幅提高。
附图说明
图 1为理想天棚阻尼车辆悬架系统示意图。
图 2为理想天棚阻尼车辆悬架系统等效机械网络示意图。 图 3为质量 m2振动状态转换系统示意图。
图 4为 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统示意图。
图 5为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统示意图。
图 6为 2DOF传统被动隔振系统示意图。
图 7为质量 mi振动状态转换系统示意图。
图 8为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统质量 m2的位移传递率示意图。
图 9为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统质量 mi的位移传递率示意图。
图 10为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统具体实施方式一示意图。
图 11为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统具体实施方式二示意图。
图 12为 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统具体实施方式三示意图。
图 13为 2DOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统示意图。
图 14为 2DOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统质量 m2的位移传递率示意图。
图 15为 2DOF被动地棚阻尼隔振系统示意图。
图 16为 2DOF被动地棚阻尼隔振系统质量 mi的位移传递率示意图。
图 17为 SDOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统示意图。
图中, 1-质量 m2 2-弹簧 3-惯容器 b2 4-天棚阻尼器 Csky 5-弹簧 6-阻尼器 C 7-地棚阻尼器 Cgnd 8-质量 mi 9-弹簧 fct 10-阻尼 Ct 11-活动基础 12-弹簧 13-惯容 器^ 14-杠杆 L2 15-杠杆 16-固定杆 R2 17-固定杆 18-滑道 19-扭转弹簧 A 20-扭转阻尼器 A 21-扭转弹簧 B 22-扭转阻尼器 B 23-天棚阻尼支柱 24-地棚阻尼支 柱 25-飞轮室 A 26-飞轮 A 27-丝杠支撑 A 28-螺母 A 29-丝杠 A 30-行程室 A 31- 粘性油液 32-缸体 A 33-带阻尼孔的活塞 A 34-油液 35-活塞杆 A 36-飞轮室 B 37- 飞轮 B 38-丝杠支撑 B 39-螺母 B 40-丝杠 B 41-行程室 B 42-缸体 B 43-带阻尼孔 的活塞 B 44-活塞杆 B 45-质量 m2振动状态转换器 46-质量 m2振动状态转换系统 47-质量 mi振动状态转换器 48-质量 mi振动状态转换系统
具体实施方式
如图 3, 质量 m2振动状态转换器 45 由弹簧 k22与惯容器 b23并联连接构成, 质量 «¾振动状态转换器 45串联连接并支撑质量 m2l构成了质量 m2振动状态转换系统 46,它 是一个简单系统, 其运动可以用二阶微分方程来描述
m2 + b2 (¾ - ¾ ) + = 0 其中, 是质量 m2l的位移, ¾是系统的位移输入, 和 分别为弹簧 2的刚度和惯 容器 b23的惯容系数。
对上式进行 Laplace变换并整理可得
Z2(s) _ (b2s2+k2)
Zi2(s) (m2 +b2)s2 +k2 令 s = jiy, 由上式可得 ¾与 2的幅值比, 即系统位移传递率
Ζ2()ω) -b2 2 + k2
Τ(}ω)
_(m2 +b2)iy2 +k2 当 r(jiy) = 0时, 系统会发生反共振现象, 反共振频率 ω = k2/b2, 此时, 质量 m2l 的振幅为零, 而惯容器 b23则处于共振状态。 因此, 当质量 m2l在某一系统 A中处于共 振状态时, 用质量 m2振动状态转换 46系统替换系统 A中的质量 m2l, 并且使反共振频 率 接近系统 Α中质量 m2l的共振频率, 可以将质量 m2l的共振转换为惯容器 b23的 共振, 消除质量》¾1的共振, 为理想天棚和地棚阻尼的被动实现提供了一种解决方法。
如图 4,两自由度 (Two Degrees of Freedom, 2DOF)理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统包括 质量 mi8和质量 m2l, "弹簧 fc5-阻尼器 c6"并联体和 "弹簧 fct9-阻尼器 ct10"并联体, 天棚阻尼器 csky4和地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7。 其中, "弹簧 阻尼器 c6"并联体由弹簧 和阻 尼器 c6并联连接构成, "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10"并联体由弹簧 kt9和阻尼器 Ct10并联连接 构成; "弹簧 阻尼器 c6"并联体的一端与质量 m2l串联连接, 另一端与质量 mi8串联 连接,质量 通过"弹簧 阻尼器 c6"并联体支撑着质量 m2l, "弹簧 fct9-阻尼器 Ct10" 并联体的一端与质量 串联连接, 另一端与活动基础 11串联连接, 活动基础 11通过 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10"并联体支撑着质量 m2l; 天棚阻尼器 csky4和地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7的 一端分别与质量 m2l和质量 mi8相连, 另一端分别与惯性参考系相连。
如图 5, 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统是 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统 的一种被动实现系统, 包括 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6"并联体, "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10"并联 体, 天棚阻尼器 csky4, 地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7, 活动基础 11, 质量 mi振动状态转换系统 48和 质量 m2振动状态转换系统 46。
"弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10"并联体由弹簧 kt9和阻尼器 Ct10并联连接构成; 质量 mi振 动状态转换系统 48包括质量 mi8和质量 mi振动状态转换器 47,质量 mi振动状态转换器 47由弹簧 ^ 12和惯容器 ^ 13并联连接构成, 质量 mi振动状态转换器 47串联连接并支 撑着质量》^8; "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体与质量 mi振动状态转换器 47串联连接, 并且通过质量 mi振动状态转换器 47支撑着整个质量 mi振动状态转换系统 48 ;活动基础 11串联连接并支撑着 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体。 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7与质量 mi振动 状态转换器 47并联连接构成质量 mi振动状态转换器 47与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7的并联体。
"弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体由弹簧 fc5和阻尼器 c6并联连接构成, 质量 m2振动状 态转换系统 46包括质量 m2l和质量《¾振动状态转换器 45, 质量《¾振动状态转换器 45 由弹簧 k22和惯容器 b23并联连接构成,质量 m2振动状态转换器 45串联连接并支撑着质 量 m2l ; "弹簧 fc5-阻尼器 c6 "并联体与质量》¾振动状态转换器 45串联连接, 并且通过 质量 m2振动状态转换器 45支撑着整个质量 m2振动状态转换系统 46; 质量 mi串联连接 并支撑着 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体。 天棚阻尼器 csky4与质量》¾振动状态转换器 45 并联连接构成质量 m2振动状态转换器 45与天棚阻尼器 Csky4的并联体。
在 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中, 质量》^振动状态转换器 47与地棚阻尼 器 nd7的并联体可以与 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体互换位置, 质量 m2振动状态转换 器 45与天棚阻尼器 csky4的并联体可以与 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体互换位置。 惯容 器 b23 和惯容器 ^ 13 可以采用齿轮齿条惯容器 (Rack and pinion inerter, 见美国专利 7316303B2)、 滚珠丝杠惯容器 (Ballscrew inerter, 见美国专利 2009/0108510A1 ) 和液力 惯容器 (Hydraulic inerter, 见美国专利 2009/0139225A1 ) 中的一种。
在本发明的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中,质量 m2l的质量为 m2,弹簧 k22 的刚度为 ¾, 惯容器 b23的惯容系数为 b2, 天棚阻尼器 csky4的阻尼为(:^, 弹簧 的刚 度为 k,阻尼器 c6的阻尼为 c,质量 mi8的质量为 m 弹簧 l2的刚度为 ,惯容器 ^13 的惯容系数为 ^, 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7的阻尼为 Cgnd, 弹簧 fct9的刚度为^ 阻尼器 Ct10的 阻尼为 ct
2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数 ^、 bi k2、 b2的确定方法为:
步骤一, 图 4中, 去掉 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的天棚阻尼器 csky4和 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7, 得到 2DOF传统被动隔振系统, 如图 6所示; 已知 2DOF传统被动隔 振系统参数: 质量 m2l的质量为 m2、 弹簧 10的刚度为 k、 阻尼器 c6的阻尼为 c、 质量 mx%的质量为 mi、 弹簧 kt9的刚度为 和阻尼器 ct10的阻尼为 ct; 计算所述 2DOF传统 被动隔振系统中质量 m2l的共振频率 ί¾ : 步骤二, 如图 3, 计算质量》¾振动状态转换系统 46的反共振频率 ί¾Α :
Figure imgf000011_0001
步骤三, 根据 6^与《2近似相等的原则, 确定 与 的关系式: k / m2 =k2/ b2, 式中 和 m是已知参数, 和 是待定参数。
步骤四, 计算 2DOF传统被动隔振系统中质量 mi8的共振频率 : ω1 = j(kt +k)l
Figure imgf000011_0002
。 步骤五, 如图 7, 计算质量^振动状态转换系统 48的反共振频率 1Α :
步骤六, 根据 与 ί¾近似相等的原则, 确定 ^与^的关系式:
(kt+k) I ml =kl I bx , 式中 、 ^:和^是已知参数, ^和^是待定参数。
步骤七, 确定 ^和 的参数值。 计算和实验表明, ^和 的取值越小, 本发明的被 动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能越接近理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 但 和 的取值 太小很造成质量 mi8和质量 m2l之间以及质量 mi8与活动基础 11之间相对行程过大,为 了避免相对行程过大, ^应大于等于 /3, 应大于等于 同时, ^和¾的取值也不 能过大, ^和 过大, 会造成被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能的下降, 计算和实验表 明, ^小于等于^ ¾小于等于 时, 本发明的被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能接近理 想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统。 因此, kt, fc/3 fc时, 也就是, 在 [fct/3, W范围内, /3, W范围内取值时, 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统能够达到本发明的 效果。
步骤八, 已知 2DOF理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数: 质量 mi8的质量 mi、 质量 m2l的质量 m2、 弹簧 fc5的刚度 fc、 阻尼器 c6的阻尼 c、 弹簧 fct9的刚度 、 阻尼器 ct10 的阻尼 Ct、 天棚阻尼器 csky4的阻尼 Csky和地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7的阻尼 Cgnd。 从步骤七确定的 范围内取 ^和 的值, 根据步骤三所确定的 与 b2的关系和步骤六所确定的 ^与 ^的
Figure imgf000012_0001
例如, 已知传统被动隔振系统参数: m2=317.5kg、 fc=22000N/m、 c = 1500N«s/m m1 = 45.4kg, fct=192000N/m、 ct = 0; 已知理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数: csky = 2800N*s/m、 cgnd=3200N«s/m, 其它参数与传统被动隔振系统参数相同; 被动天棚和地棚 阻尼隔振系统有 4个待定参数, 包括 、 b2、 、 b 其它参数均为已知参数, 且与传统 被动隔振系统参数相同。
本例中, 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统参数 ^、 b! k2、 ^的确定方法为: 步骤一, 计算 2DOF传统被动隔振系统中质量 m2l的共振频率 ω2 = jk/m2 = 22000/ 317.5。 步骤二, 计算质量 m2振动状态转换系统 46的反共振频率
步骤三, 根据 6^与《2近似相等的原则, 确定 ¾与 b2的关系式:
22000/317.5 = 步骤四, 计算 2DOF传统被动隔振系统中质量 mi8的共振频率 : ωχ =抓 +k)lmi = ^(192000 + 22000) / 45.4 = V214000 / 45.4。 步骤五, 计算质量^振动状态转换系统 48的反共振频率 1Α : ω!
Figure imgf000012_0002
步骤六, 根据《1A与 ί¾近似相等的原则, 确定 ^与^的关系式:
214000/45.4 = b
步骤七, 确定 和 的参数值。 为避免质量 m2l与质量 mi8以及质量 mi8与活动基 础 11之间相对行程太大, 且保证被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统性能不下降, ^和 应分 别在 [fct/3, W和 [fc/3, W范围内取值, 即分别在 [64000, 192000]和 [7333, 22000]范围内取 值, 这里选取 = 192000Ν/ηι、 =15000N/m。 步骤八, 根据步骤三所确定的 与 的关系和步骤六所确定的 ^与 ^的关系, 最 后确定 ^和 b2的具体参数值:
, h 192000
h =—— 1 ~ m, = X 4…5.4 = 4…0.7, k? 15000
b,7二 m = x 3…17.5 = 216.5。
(kt + k) 214000 k 22000 确定了参数 、 bi k2、 b2后, 就得到了被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统的全部参数, 包括 m2= 317.5kg、 fc= 22000N/m、 c= 1500N»s/m mi = 45.4kg ¾= 192000N/m ct= 0、 csky = 2800N»s/m cgnd= 3200N»s/m = 192000N/m、 = 15000N/m、 bi = 40.7kg b2 = 216.5kg。
应用以上方法确定被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统的全部参数后, 就被动地实现了理 想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 也就不再要求阻尼器必须与惯性参考系相连, 从而克服了 理想天棚和地棚阻尼要求阻尼器必须与惯性参考系连接的技术偏见。
图 8显示, 质量 m2位移传递率曲线上, 传统被动隔振系统出现了两个峰值, 是质量 m2和质量 mi在固有频率处共振的结果, 其频率分别为 1.2Hz禾 B 10.2Hz, 与传统被动隔 振系统相比, 理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统在、 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统在 1.2Hz 处的数值分别减小了 68.1%、 60%, 在 10.2Hz处的数值分别减小了 62.3%、 58%。
图 9显示, 质量 mi位移传递率曲线上, 传统被动隔振系统出现了一个较大的峰值, 是质量 在固有频率处共振的结果, 其频率 10.2Hz, 与传统被动隔振系统相比, 理想天 棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统、 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统在该处的数值分别减小了 69.1%、 65.4%。
结合图 8和图 9的曲线及以上分析可以看出, 理想天棚和地棚阻隔振系统能够彻底 抑制质量 m2和质量 mi的共振, 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统能够较好地抑制质量》¾和 质量 ^的共振, 其位移传递率接近于理想天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 两种系统的隔振性 能都明显优于传统被动隔振系统。
图 10是 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统的具体实施方式一。 系统包括质量 mi8 和质量 m2l, "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体和 "弹簧 fct9-阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体, "弹簧 W2- 惯容器 ^ 13 "并联体和 "弹簧 fc22_惯容器 b23 "并联体, 天棚阻尼器 csky4和地棚阻尼器 cgnd7, 活动基础 11, 杠杆 1^15和杠杆 L214, 固定杆 和固定杆 R216, 以及滑道 18。 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体由弹簧 1ώ和阻尼器 c6并联构成, "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 " 并联体由弹簧 9和阻尼器 Ct10并联构成, "弹簧 12-惯容器 ^ 13 "并联体由弹簧 12 和惯容器 ^ 13并联构成, "弹簧 2-惯容器 b23 "并联体由弹簧 k22和惯容器 b23并联构 成; 质量 m2l、 质量 mi8和活动基础 11滚动支承于竖直滑道 18上, 沿竖直滑道 18上下 滑动,杠杆 L214的支点固定在质量 m2l上, "弹簧 fc5-阻尼器 c6 "并联体上端与杠杆 L214 的一端铰接, 下端与质量 铰接, "弹簧 fc22_惯容器 b23,,并联体上端与杠杆 L214的另 一端铰接, 下端与固定杆 R216的一端铰接, 固定杆 R216的另一端固定在质量 m2l上; 杠杆 的支点固定在质量 mi8上, "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体上端与杠杆 的 一端铰接, 下端与活动基础 11铰接, "弹簧 W2-惯容器 ^ 13 "并联体上端与杠杆 Lil5 的另一端铰接, 下端与固定杆 的一端铰接, 固定杆 的另一端固定在质量 mi8 上; 天棚阻尼器 csky4与惯容器 b23并联连接, 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7与惯容器 ^13并联连接。
图 11是 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统的具体实施方式二。方式二与方式一的 区别在于去掉了杠杆 Li l5和 L214,采用 "扭转弹簧 A19-扭转阻尼器 A20 "并联体和 "扭 转弹簧 B21-扭转阻尼器 B22"并联体分别代替了拉压形式的 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联 体和 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体。 "扭转弹簧 A19-扭转阻尼器 A20 "并联体由扭转弹 簧 A19和扭转阻尼器 A20并联连接构成,它具有两个公共端,一端与质量 mi8固定连接, 另一端与 "弹簧 惯容器 b23 "并联体的一端铰接, "弹簧 惯容器 b23 "并联体的另 一端则与 m2l铰接; "扭转弹簧 B21-扭转阻尼器 B22"并联体由扭转弹簧 B21和扭转阻 尼器 B22并联连接构成,它具有两个公共端,一端与活动基础 11固定连接,另一端与"弹 簧 W2-惯容器 ^ 13 "并联体的一端铰接, "弹簧 W2-惯容器 ^13 "并联体的另一端则与 OTl8铰接。 天棚阻尼器 csky4与惯容器 b23并联连接, 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7与惯容器 ^13并 联连接。
图 12是 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统的具体实施方式三。 系统包括质量 mi8 和质量 m2l、 天棚阻尼支柱 23、 地棚阻尼支柱 24、 活动基础 11。 天棚阻尼支柱 23的一 端与质量》¾1铰接, 另一端与质量 mi8铰接, 地棚阻尼支柱 24的一端与质量 mi8铰接, 另一端与活动基础 11铰接。
天棚阻尼支柱 23包括弹簧 k22、惯容器 b23、天棚阻尼器 csky4、弹簧 1ώ和阻尼器 c6。 惯容器 b23为滚珠丝杠惯容器, 包括飞轮室 A25、 飞轮 A26、 丝杠支撑 A27、 螺母 A28、 丝杠 A29和行程室 A30。 丝杠 A29—端是螺杆部分, 另一端是螺纹滚道部分, 还有一段 是光杆部分且与螺杆部分相邻; 飞轮 A26具有中心螺纹孔, 与丝杠 A29的螺杆部分配合 连接; 飞轮室 A25为一端开口一端封闭的筒状, 开口端固定套装在丝杠支撑 A27的外圆 上, 以保证飞轮室 A25与丝杠支撑 A27同轴; 丝杠支撑 A27内安装有轴承, 轴承外圈与 丝杠支撑 A27的内孔配合,轴承内圈与丝杠 A29的光杆部分配合,保证丝杠 A29相对于 丝杠支撑 A27旋转时, 丝杠支撑 A27对丝杠 A29在轴向和径向上的位置保持不变; 螺母 A28同丝杠 A29上的螺纹滚道相啮合; 行程室 A30为一端开口一端封闭的长筒状, 开口 端固定套装在螺母 A28的外圆上, 以保证行程室 A30与螺母 A28同轴。天棚阻尼器 csky4 包括飞轮室 A25、 飞轮 A26和粘性油液 31, 飞轮室是密闭的, 内部充满粘性油液 31, 飞 轮 A26在丝杠 A29的驱动下在粘性油液 31 中旋转产生粘性阻尼。 阻尼器 c6包括缸体 A32、 带阻尼孔的活塞 A33、 油液 34和活塞杆 A35。缸体 A32与行程室 A30同轴固定连 接, 弹簧 套装在缸体 A32的外筒, 弹簧 的一端与活塞杆 A35的一端固定连接, 另 一端与缸体 A32的外筒固定连接。 弹簧 k22套装在行程室 A30外筒, 一端与飞轮室 A25 固定连接, 另一端与行程室 A30固定连接。
地棚阻尼支柱 24包括弹簧 ^ 12、 惯容器 ^ 13、 天棚阻尼器 Cgnd7、 弹簧 fct9和阻尼器 ct10。 惯容器 ^ 13为滚珠丝杠惯容器, 包括飞轮室 B36、 飞轮 B37、 丝杠支撑 B38、 螺母 B39、 丝杠 B40和行程室 B41。 地棚阻尼器 cgnd7包括飞轮室 B36、 飞轮 B37和粘性油液 31。 阻尼器 ct10包括缸体 B42、 带阻尼孔的活塞 B43、 油液 34和活塞杆 B44。 地棚阻尼 支柱 24与天棚阻尼支柱 23具有相同的结构,地棚阻尼支柱 24各组件之间的连接关系可 以参考天棚阻尼支柱 23。
如图 5, 本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量 mi振动状态转换 器 47与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7的并联体, 将 "弹簧 fct9-阻尼器 Ct10 "并联体的两端分别与质量 m % , 活动基础 11直接串联连接, 构成一种 2DOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统, 如图 13。
图 14显示, 质量 m2位移传递率曲线上, 传统被动隔振系统出现了一个较大的峰值, 是质量 m2在固有频率处共振的结果, 其频率为 1.2Hz, 与传统被动隔振系统相比, 理想、 被动天棚阻尼隔振系统在该处的数值分别减小了 69.7%、 63.7%。 图 14的曲线结合以上 分析可以看出, 理想天棚隔振系统能够彻底抑制质量 m2的共振, 被动天棚隔振系统能够 较好地抑制质量》¾共振, 其位移传递率接近于理想天棚隔振系统, 两种系统的隔振性能 都明显优于传统被动隔振系统。
如图 5, 本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量 m2振动状态转换 器 45与天棚阻尼器 Csky4的并联体, 将 "弹簧 阻尼器 c6 "并联体的两端分别与质量 mi8、 质量 m2l直接串联连接, 构成一种 2DOF被动地棚阻尼隔振系统, 如图 15。 图 16显示, 质量 mi位移传递率曲线上, 传统被动隔振系统出现了一个较大的峰值, 是质量 在固有频率处共振的结果, 其频率 10.2Hz, 与传统被动隔振系统相比, 理想、 被动地棚阻尼隔振系统在该处的数值分别减小了 67.6%、 64.2%。 图 16的曲线结合以上 分析可以看出, 理想地棚隔振系统能够彻底抑制质量 ^的共振, 被动地棚隔振系统能够 较好地抑制质量^共振, 其位移传递率接近于理想地棚隔振系统, 两种系统的隔振性能 都明显优于传统被动隔振系统。
如图 5,本发明去掉 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的 "弹簧 阻尼器 Ct10 " 并联体、 质量 mi振动状态转换器 47与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd7的并联体和质量 mi8, 将 "弹簧 fc5-阻尼器 c6 "并联体与活动基础 11直接串联连接起来, 构成一种 SDOF被动天棚阻尼 隔振系统, 如图 17。
质量 m2l和质量 mi8可以是车身和车轮, 座椅和车身, 驾驶室和车身, 或者座椅和 驾驶室。
此外, 本发明公开的实现方法和隔振系统并不局限于单自由度和两自由度, 还可以 扩展到多自由度, 也不局限于平动的形式, 还可以是转动的形式, 可以用转动和扭转元 件来代替平动元件。
以上对具体实施方式所做的详细描述是为了阐释本发明是如何优先实施的, 不能理 解为是对本发明范围的限制。 对本技术熟悉人, 可以很容易按照本发明给出的方法, 对 本发明做出修改或变形而达到本发明的性能水平, 因此, 任何修改和变形都应该包括在 本发明的权利要求范围之内。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种 2D0F被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 包括 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体, "弹簧 (9) -阻尼器 ct (10)"并联体, 天棚阻尼器 csky (4), 地棚 阻尼器 cgnd (7), 活动基础 (11), 质量 mi振动状态转换系统 (48) 和质量 m2振动 状态转换系统 (46);
所述 "弹簧 k (9) -阻尼器 Ct (10)"并联体由弹簧 kt (9) 和阻尼器 Ct (10) 并联连 接构成; 所述质量 ^振动状态转换系统 (48) 包括质量^ (8) 和质量《^振动状态 转换器 (47), 所述质量 ^振动状态转换器 (47) 由弹簧 ^ (12) 和惯容器^ (13) 并联连接构成, 质量 ^振动状态转换器 (47) 串联连接并支撑着质量 ^ (8); 所述
"弹簧 (9) -阻尼器 ct (10)"并联体与质量 mi振动状态转换器 (47) 串联连接, 并且通过质量 mi振动状态转换器 (47) 支撑着整个质量 mi振动状态转换系统
(48); 所述活动基础 (11) 串联连接并支撑着 "弹簧 kt (9) -阻尼器 Ct (10)"并联 体; 所述地棚阻尼器 cgnd (7) 与质量 ^振动状态转换器 (47) 并联连接构成质量 mi 振动状态转换器 (47) 与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd (7) 的并联体;
所述 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体由弹簧 k (5) 和阻尼器 c (6) 并联连接构 成, 所述质量 m2振动状态转换系统 (46) 包括质量 m2 (1) 和质量 m2振动状态转换 器 (45), 所述质量 m2振动状态转换器 (45) 由弹簧 ¾ (2) 和惯容器 b2 (3) 并联连 接构成, 质量》¾振动状态转换器 (45) 串联连接并支撑着质量》¾ (1); 所述 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体与质量 m2振动状态转换器 (45) 串联连接, 并且通过 质量 m2振动状态转换器 (45) 支撑着整个质量 m2振动状态转换系统 (46); 所述质 量 mi (8) 串联连接并支撑着 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体; 所述天棚阻尼 器 csky (4) 与质量《¾振动状态转换器 (45) 并联连接构成质量《¾振动状态转换器
(45) 与天棚阻尼器 Csky (4) 的并联体。
所述 2DOF 被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中, 质量 m2 (1) 的质量为 m2, 弹簧 k2
(2) 的刚度为 k2, 惯容器 b2 (3) 的惯容系数为 b2, 天棚阻尼器 csky (4) 的阻尼为 csky, 弹簧 k (5) 的刚度为 k, 阻尼器 c (6) 的阻尼为 c, 质量 mi (8) 的质量为 m 弹簧 (12) 的刚度为 , 惯容器 ^ (13) 的惯容系数为 b 地棚阻尼器 cgnd
(7) 的阻尼为 Cgnd, 弹簧 fct (9) 的刚度为^ 阻尼器 ct (10) 的阻尼为 Ct
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述弹 簧 (12) 的刚度为 , 惯容器 ^ (13) 的惯容系数为 弹簧 k2 (2) 的刚度为 , 惯容器 b2 (3) 的惯容系数为 b2, 在 kv k/3^k2^k 中选取 、 k2,
^ =~^«¾、 b2 =^m2; 已知系统参数: 质量 m2 (1) 的质量为 m2、 弹簧 (5) (kt+k) k
的刚度为 k、 阻尼器 c (6) 的阻尼为 c、 质量 mi (8) 的质量为 mi、 弹簧 kt (9) 的 刚度为 和阻尼器 ct (10) 的阻尼为 Ct、 天棚阻尼器 Csky (4) 的阻尼 csky和地棚阻尼 器 Cgnd (7) 的阻尼
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述质量 m2 (1) 包括车身, 所述质量^ (8) 包括车轮。
4. 根据权利要求 2所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述质量 m2 (1) 包括座椅, 所述质量^ (8) 包括车身。
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述质量 m2 (1) 包括驾驶室, 所述质量^ (8) 包括车身。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 所述质量 m2 (l) 包括 座椅, 所述质量^ (8) 包括驾驶室。
7. 根据权利要求 1所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述质量 m 振动状态转换器 (47) 与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd (7) 的并联体与所述 "弹簧 kt (9) -阻 尼器 Ct (10)"并联体互换位置。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 所述质量 m2振动状态转换器 (45) 与天棚阻尼器 csky (4) 的并联体与所述 "弹簧 k (5) -阻 尼器 c (6)"并联体互换位置。
9. 根据权利要求 1至 8中任意一项所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征 在于, 所述惯容器 b2 (3) 和惯容器^ (13) 采用齿轮齿条惯容器、 滚珠丝杠惯容器 或者液力惯容器。
10. 根据权利要求 1至 6中任意一项所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特 征在于, 还包括杠杆 (15) 和杠杆 L2 (14), 固定杆 (17) 和固定杆 R2 (16) 以及滑道 (18); 所述质量 m2 (1)、 质量 mi (8) 和活动基础 (11) 滚动支承于竖直 滑道 (18) 上, 沿竖直滑道 (18) 上下滑动, 所述杠杆 L2 (14) 的支点固定在质量 m2 (1) 上, "弹簧 (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体上端与杠杆 L2 (14) 的一端铰接, 下端与质量 mi (8) 铰接, "弹簧 k2 (2) -惯容器 b2 (3)" 并联体上端与杠杆 L2
(14) 的另一端铰接, 下端与固定杆 R2 (16) 的一端铰接, 固定杆 R2 (16) 的另一 端固定在质量 m2 (1) 上; 杠杆 (15) 的支点固定在质量 mi (8) 上, "弹簧 kt (9) -阻尼器 ct (10)" 并联体上端与杠杆 (15) 的一端铰接, 下端与活动基础 (11) 铰接, "弹簧 ^ (12) -惯容器^ (13)"并联体上端与杠杆 (15) 的另一端 铰接, 下端与固定杆 (17) 的一端铰接, 固定杆 (17) 的另一端固定在质量 mi
(8) 上。
11. 根据权利要求 10 所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 采用
"扭转弹簧 A (19) -扭转阻尼器 A (20)"并联体和 "扭转弹簧 B (21) -扭转阻尼 器 B (22)" 并联体分别代替 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)" 并联体和 "弹簧 k
(9) -阻尼器 ct (10)"并联体; "扭转弹簧 A (19) -扭转阻尼器 A (20)"并联体由 扭转弹簧 A (19) 和扭转阻尼器 A (20) 并联连接构成, "扭转弹簧 A (19) -扭转 阻尼器 A (20)"并联体具有两个公共端, 一端与质量 mi (8) 固定连接, 另一端与
"弹簧 ¾ (2) -惯容器 b2 (3)"并联体的一端铰接, "弹簧 ^ (2) -惯容器 b2 (3)" 并联体的另一端则与 m2 (1) 铰接; 所述 "扭转弹簧 B (21) -扭转阻尼器 B (22)" 并联体由扭转弹簧 B (21) 和扭转阻尼 B (22) 并联连接构成, "扭转弹簧 B (21) - 扭转阻尼器 B (22)"并联体具有两个公共端, 一端与活动基础 (11) 固定连接, 另 一端与 "弹簧 (12) -惯容器 ^ (13)"并联体的一端铰接, "弹簧 (12) -惯容 器^ (13)"并联体的另一端则与 mi (8) 铰接。
12. 一种 2DOF被动地棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 去掉权利要求 1至 9中任意一项 所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量 m2振动状态转换器 (45) 与天 棚阻尼器 csky (4) 的并联体, 将 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)"并联体的两端分别与 质量 mi (8)、 m2 (1) 直接串联连接。
13. 一种 2DOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 去掉权利要求 1至 9中任意一项 所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的质量》^振动状态转换器 (47) 与地 棚阻尼器 cgnd (7) 的并联体, 将 "弹簧 k (9) -阻尼器 Ct (10)"并联体的两端分别 与质量 OTl (8)、 活动基础 (11) 直接串联连接。
14. 一种 SDOF被动天棚阻尼隔振系统, 其特征在于, 去掉权利要求 1至 9中任意一项 所述的 2DOF被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统中的 "弹簧 k (9) -阻尼器 Ct (10)"并 联体、 质量 mi振动状态转换器 (47) 与地棚阻尼器 Cgnd (7) 的并联体和质量 mi
(8), 将 "弹簧 k (5) -阻尼器 c (6)" 并联体与活动基础直接 (11) 串联连接起 来。
PCT/CN2011/083991 2011-11-15 2011-12-14 一种被动天棚和地棚阻尼隔振系统 Ceased WO2013071667A1 (zh)

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