WO2013065554A1 - 継目無金属管の製造方法 - Google Patents
継目無金属管の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013065554A1 WO2013065554A1 PCT/JP2012/077495 JP2012077495W WO2013065554A1 WO 2013065554 A1 WO2013065554 A1 WO 2013065554A1 JP 2012077495 W JP2012077495 W JP 2012077495W WO 2013065554 A1 WO2013065554 A1 WO 2013065554A1
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- rolling
- piercing
- hollow shell
- heating furnace
- heating
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 175
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 104
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 27
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B23/00—Tube-rolling not restricted to methods provided for in only one of groups B21B17/00, B21B19/00, B21B21/00, e.g. combined processes planetary tube rolling, auxiliary arrangements, e.g. lubricating, special tube blanks, continuous casting combined with tube rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/06—Rolling hollow basic material, e.g. Assel mills
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a seamless metal pipe.
- a hollow round billet with a through hole formed in the shaft center is prepared by machining or drilling press. And a hollow round billet is hot-extruded using an extrusion apparatus, and a seamless metal pipe is manufactured.
- a round billet is pierced and rolled using a piercing machine to produce a hollow shell.
- the produced hollow shell is stretched and rolled by a rolling mill to reduce the diameter and / or thickness of the hollow shell to produce a seamless metal pipe.
- the rolling mill include a plug mill, a mandrel mill, a pilger mill, and a sizer.
- the Eugene method can add a high degree of processing to a round billet and is excellent in pipe making.
- High alloys generally have high deformation resistance. Therefore, a seamless metal pipe made of a high alloy is mainly manufactured by the Eugene method.
- the Eugene method has lower production efficiency than the Mannesmann method.
- the Mannesmann method has high production efficiency and can produce large-diameter tubes and long tubes. Therefore, it is preferable that the Mannesmann method can be used rather than the Eugene method in order to produce a high alloy seamless metal tube.
- melt cracking occurs when a grain boundary in the meat of the hollow shell is melted.
- the high alloy has a high deformation resistance.
- the Ni content of the high alloy is high, the solidus temperature in the phase diagram is low.
- the amount of heat generated by machining increases due to the higher deformation resistance.
- a portion near or above the melting point of the billet is generated. In such a portion, the grain boundary melts and cracks occur. Such a crack is called a melt crack.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-239612
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-277516
- Patent Document 4-187310 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-187310
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose the following matters. Patent Documents 1 and 2 aim to produce a seamless steel pipe made of austenitic stainless steel such as SUS304.
- a raw material is made into a hollow shell by machining and charged into a heating furnace. Then, the heated hollow shell is stretch-rolled by a piercing machine. The amount of processing when the hollow shell is drawn and rolled is lower than that of a solid round billet. As a result, the amount of heat generated by processing is reduced and the generation of inner surface flaws is suppressed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the following matters. Patent Document 3 employs a so-called “double piercing” manufacturing method that uses two perforators (a perforator and an elongator) in the Mannesmann method. Patent document 3 aims at suppressing generation
- Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 the billet is formed into a hollow shell by machining. Since the manufacturing cost of the hollow shell by machining is high, the manufacturing cost of the seamless metal pipe is also high. Furthermore, when a hollow shell is manufactured by machining, the production efficiency is lowered.
- Patent Document 3 although the roll inclination angle of the elongator and the stretching ratio are adjusted to reduce the rolling load of the elongator, internal flaws may still occur due to melt cracking.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a seamless metal pipe that can suppress the occurrence of internal flaws due to melt cracking.
- a method of manufacturing a seamless metal pipe includes a step of heating a high alloy containing, by mass%, Cr: 20 to 30% and Ni: more than 22% and 60% or less in a first heating furnace.
- the method for manufacturing a seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment can suppress the occurrence of internal flaws due to melt cracking.
- FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a production line for a seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of the seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heating furnace in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the drilling machine in FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the transition of the temperature in the inner surface, outer surface, and meat of the hollow shell in each step after the piercing and rolling by the first piercing machine and the drawing and rolling by the second piercing machine without reheating.
- FIG. 6 shows the inner surface, outer surface, and wall of the hollow shell in each step when the hollow shell after piercing and rolling was reheated using the second heating furnace and then stretched and rolled by the second piercing machine. It is a figure which shows transition of the temperature inside.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time of the second heating furnace and the outer surface temperature, inner surface temperature, and meat temperature of the hollow shell.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time of the second heating furnace, the outer surface temperature, the inner surface temperature, and the meat temperature of the hollow shell tube under conditions different from those in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time of the second heating furnace, the outer surface temperature, the inner surface temperature, and the meat temperature of the hollow shell tube under conditions different from those in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time in the second heating furnace and the uneven heat of the hollow shell.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time in the second heating furnace and the uneven heat of the hollow shell under different conditions from FIG.
- the double piercing method is suitable. High alloys have high deformation resistance. Therefore, if the degree of processing in one piercing and rolling is high, the load on the piercing machine is higher than that of general steel (low alloy steel or the like). Furthermore, if the degree of processing is high, the heat generated by processing increases, so that melt cracking is likely to occur. If piercing and stretching are performed using two piercing machines (first and second piercing machines) or one piercing machine, that is, if a double piercing method is used, one piercing and rolling operation is performed. The degree of processing per drawing and rolling can be suppressed.
- melt cracking may occur.
- a high alloy hollow shell (hollow shell) manufactured by piercing and rolling is drawn and rolled by the first or second piercing machine, there is a possibility that melting cracks may occur due to processing heat generation.
- the present inventors examined a method of suppressing processing heat generation in the case of manufacturing a high alloy seamless metal pipe by the double piercing method. As a result, the present inventors obtained the following knowledge.
- the hollow shell after piercing and rolling has a temperature distribution in the thickness direction.
- the inner surface of the hollow shell during piercing and rolling is removed by contact with the plug, and the outer surface of the hollow shell is removed by contact with the inclined roll.
- the temperature in the wall of the hollow shell rises due to processing heat generation. Therefore, the temperature of the inner surface and the outer surface of the hollow shell decreases, and the temperature in the meat becomes the highest.
- the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell becomes lower than the inner surface temperature by heat removal. Therefore, the temperature difference between the inside of the hollow shell and the outer surface becomes the largest.
- biassed heat the temperature difference between the inside and the outer surface of the hollow shell
- melt cracking is likely to occur. The reason is presumed as follows. Uneven heat causes local strain concentration in the hollow shell during drawing and rolling. Such concentration of strain significantly increases processing heat generation in the meat, and as a result, causes melt cracking.
- the uneven heat is generated during piercing and rolling by the first piercing machine as described above, and remains even after the hollow shell is conveyed from the first piercing machine to the second piercing machine.
- the hollow shell is inserted into a heating furnace and reheated before the hollow shell after piercing and rolling is stretch-rolled.
- This heating furnace plays a role of reducing the uneven heat of the hollow shell. Specifically, in this heating furnace, the temperature in the meat of the hollow shell that has become excessively high due to the heat generated by piercing and rolling is lowered, and the outer surface temperature lowered by heat removal is raised.
- the manufacturing method of the seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment completed based on the above knowledge is as follows.
- a method of manufacturing a seamless metal pipe includes a step of heating a high alloy containing, by mass%, Cr: 20 to 30% and Ni: more than 22% and 60% or less in a first heating furnace.
- the uneven heat in the hollow shell after piercing and rolling is reduced by the second heating furnace. Therefore, when the hollow shell is drawn and rolled, it is possible to suppress an excessive increase in the temperature in the meat, and it is possible to suppress the occurrence of melt cracking. As a result, the generation of inner surface flaws in the seamless metal pipe is suppressed.
- the hollow shell having an outer surface temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher is charged into the second heating furnace.
- the second heating furnace effectively suppresses the hollow tube heat excursion.
- productivity and manufacturing costs (fuel intensity) are improved.
- the heating time is at least 300 seconds or more.
- the heating time is at least 300 seconds or more, the uneven heat of the hollow shell will be sufficiently small.
- the piercing ratio defined by formula (1) is 1.1 to 2.0 or less
- the stretch ratio defined by formula (2) is 1.
- the total stretch ratio defined by the formula (3) is higher than 2.0.
- Punching ratio hollow shell length after piercing and rolling / billet length before piercing and rolling (1)
- Stretch ratio Hollow tube length after stretch rolling / Hollow tube length before stretch rolling (2)
- Total drawing ratio hollow tube length after drawing / rolling / billet length before piercing-rolling (3)
- a high alloy seamless metal pipe can be manufactured with a high degree of processing.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a production line for a seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment.
- the production line includes a heating furnace F1, a piercing machine P1, a heating furnace F2, a piercing machine P2, and a rolling mill (in this example, the rolling mill 10 and the constant diameter rolling mill 20).
- a transport device 50 is disposed between the facilities.
- the conveyance device 50 is, for example, a conveyance roller, a pusher, or a walking beam type conveyance device.
- the rolling mill 10 is, for example, a mandrel mill, and the constant diameter rolling mill 20 is a sizer or a stretch reducer.
- a heating furnace F2 different from the heating furnace F1 is disposed between the punching machine P1 and the punching machine P2.
- the heating furnace F2 is included in the production line.
- the heating furnace F2 is not included in the production line and may be arranged off-line.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the manufacturing process of the seamless metal pipe according to the present embodiment.
- a high alloy round billet is prepared (S1: preparation step).
- the prepared round billet is charged into the heating furnace F1 and heated (S2: first heating step).
- the heated round billet is pierced and rolled with a piercing machine P1 to produce a hollow shell (hollow shell) (S3: piercing and rolling step).
- the hollow shell is charged into the heating furnace F2 and reheated (S4: second heating step).
- the heated hollow shell is stretch-rolled with a piercing machine P2 (S5: stretch-rolling step).
- the stretched hollow shell is rolled by the rolling mill 10 and the constant diameter rolling mill 20 to obtain a seamless metal pipe (S6).
- each process is explained in full detail.
- a round billet made of a high alloy is prepared.
- the round billet contains, by mass, 20-30% Cr and more than 22% and 60% or less Ni.
- the round billet is C: 0.005 to 0.04%, Si: 0.01 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.01 to 5.0%, P: 0.03% or less, S: 0.03% or less, Cr: 20-30%, Ni: more than 22% and 60% or less, Cu: 0.01-4.0%, Al: 0.001-0.3%, N: 0.00. It contains 005 to 0.5%, and the balance consists of Fe and impurities.
- Fe may replace with a part of Fe as needed, and may contain 1 or more types of Mo: 11.5% or less and W: 20% or less. Further, in place of part of Fe, Ca: 0.01% or less, Mg: 0.01% or less, Ti: 0.001 to 1.0%, V: 0.001 to 0.3%, Nb: One or more of 0.0001 to 0.5%, Co: 0.01 to 5.0%, and REM: 0.2% or less may be contained.
- the round billet is manufactured by a known method.
- a round billet is manufactured by the following method.
- a molten steel having the above chemical composition is produced.
- the molten steel is made into an ingot by the ingot-making method.
- the molten steel is made into a slab by a continuous casting method.
- An ingot or slab is hot worked to produce a billet. Hot working is, for example, hot forging.
- a high alloy round billet may be produced by a continuous casting method.
- First heating step (S2) The prepared round billet is charged into the heating furnace F1 and heated.
- a preferable heating temperature is 1150 ° C. to 1250 ° C. If the round billet is heated within this temperature range, the grain boundary melting is unlikely to occur in the round billet during piercing and rolling.
- the upper limit of the preferable heating temperature is 1220 ° C. or less.
- the heating time is not particularly limited.
- the heating furnace F1 has a known configuration.
- the heating furnace F1 may be a rotary furnace shown in FIG. 3 or a known walking beam furnace.
- FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of the punching machine P1.
- punching machine P ⁇ b> 1 includes a pair of inclined rolls 1 and a plug 2.
- the pair of inclined rolls 1 are arranged to face each other across the pass line PL.
- Each inclined roll 1 has an inclination angle and a crossing angle with respect to the pass line PL.
- the plug 2 is disposed between the pair of inclined rolls 1 and on the pass line PL.
- the extracted round billet is quickly transported to the entrance side of the punching machine P1 by the transport device 50 (transport roller, pusher, etc.). Then, the hollow billet is manufactured by piercing and rolling the round billet using the piercing machine P1.
- a preferable piercing ratio in piercing and rolling is 1.1 to 2.0 or less.
- the perforation ratio is defined by the following equation (1).
- Punching ratio hollow shell length after piercing and rolling / billet length before piercing and rolling (1)
- melt cracking is unlikely to occur.
- the heating temperature in the heating furnace F1 is less than 1100 ° C., the load on the piercing machine P1 becomes too large, and piercing and rolling is difficult.
- the hollow shell manufactured by piercing and rolling is charged into the heating furnace F2 and heated.
- the heating furnace F2 has a known configuration like the heating furnace F1. Therefore, the second heating furnace is, for example, a rotary furnace shown in FIG. 3 or a walking beam furnace.
- the inside temperature of the hollow shell immediately after piercing and rolling is significantly higher than the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell.
- the value obtained by subtracting the temperature of the outer surface of the hollow shell from the temperature in the wall (the central position of the thickness) in the cross section of the hollow shell (the cross section perpendicular to the axial direction of the hollow shell) (° C.).
- the heat deviation is about 100 to 230 ° C.
- the heating furnace F2 is arranged, and the hollow shell after piercing and rolling is quickly charged into the heating furnace F2. Then, in the heating furnace F2, the hollow shell is heated at a temperature that is lower than the temperature inside the hollow shell and higher than the outer surface temperature. At this time, the inside temperature of the hollow shell that has become excessively high due to processing heat generation is lowered, and the outer surface temperature (and the inner surface temperature) of the hollow shell that is lowered by piercing and rolling is increased. Thereby, the variation in the temperature distribution of the hollow shell is suppressed, and the heat deviation is reduced.
- FIG. 5 shows a hollow element in each step (at the time of extraction from the heating furnace F1, immediately after piercing and rolling, and immediately before stretching) when piercing and rolling is performed by the piercing machine P2 without reheating after piercing and rolling by the piercing machine P1. It is a figure which shows transition of the inner surface temperature of a pipe
- FIG. 6 shows each process (when heating furnace F1 is extracted, immediately after piercing and rolling, when the hollow shell after piercing and rolling is reheated using heating furnace F2 and then stretched and rolled by piercing machine P2. It is a figure which shows transition of the inner surface temperature of a hollow shell at the time of F2 extraction, and just before extending
- a round billet made of a high alloy that satisfies the chemical composition described above was assumed.
- the outer diameter of the round billet was 70 mm and the length was 500 mm.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1 was 1210 ° C.
- the hollow shell manufactured by piercing and rolling using the piercing machine P1 had an outer diameter of 75 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, and a length of 942 mm.
- the perforation ratio was 1.88.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 was 1200 ° C. In the heating furnace F2, it was assumed that the hollow shell was heated for a sufficient time until the inner surface temperature, outer surface temperature, and meat temperature of the hollow shell reached the heating temperature (1200 ° C.).
- the hollow shell manufactured by stretching using the piercing machine P2 had an outer diameter of 86 mm, a wall thickness of 7 mm, and a length of 1107 mm.
- the draw ratio was 1.18.
- the conveying time from the heating furnace F2 to the entrance side of the punching machine P2 was 20 seconds.
- the conveyance time (corresponding to FIG. 6) from the punching machine P1 to the punching machine P2 without passing through the heating furnace F2 was set to 60 seconds.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 were created.
- MT (“ ⁇ ” mark) indicates meat temperature.
- IT (“ ⁇ ” mark) indicates the inner surface temperature.
- OT (“ ⁇ ” mark) indicates the outer surface temperature.
- the outer surface temperature OT, the inner surface temperature IT, and the meat temperature MT of the hollow shell are all 1200 ° C. in the heating furnace F2.
- the uneven heat immediately after piercing and rolling is eliminated by reheating.
- the amount of heat deviation in the entrance side of the punching machine P2 was also within 80 degreeC, and the temperature MT in meat was less than 1200 degreeC.
- the preferable heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 is 1100 to 1250 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 is lower than the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1.
- the piercing machine P2 stretches and rolls the hollow shell. Therefore, the load received by the piercing machine P2 is smaller than that of the piercing machine P1 for piercing and rolling a solid round billet. Therefore, even if the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 is lower than the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1, the hollow shell can be stretch-rolled.
- the hollow core tube that has been pierced and rolled into the heating furnace F2 As soon as possible.
- the manufacturing layout there are many cases where physical restrictions are also involved in the arrangement of the drilling machines P1 and the arrangement of the heating furnace F2. Therefore, a certain amount of time is required until the hollow shell pierced and rolled by the piercing machine P1 is charged into the heating furnace F2.
- the heating furnace F2 by disposing the heating furnace F2 separately from the heating furnace F1, the hollow shell after piercing and rolling can be quickly reheated by the heating furnace F2.
- the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell charged in the heating furnace F2 (that is, the outer surface temperature immediately before charging) is preferably 1000 ° C. or higher, and more preferably 1050 ° C. or higher. In this case, the preferable heating time in the heating furnace F2 is 300 seconds or more.
- FIG. 7 to 9 are diagrams showing the relationship between the heating time of the heating furnace F2 and the temperatures of the outer surface temperature OT, the inner surface temperature IT, and the meat temperature MT of the hollow shell.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1 was 1210 ° C.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 was 1200 ° C.
- the thickness of the hollow shell was 25 mm.
- a numerical analysis model was constructed. Then, the outer surface temperature OT, the inner surface temperature IT, and the mid-wall temperature (temperature at the center position of the wall thickness) MT of the hollow shell at each heating time were obtained by the difference method, and FIG. 7 was created.
- the thickness of the hollow shell was 50 mm compared to the condition of FIG.
- Other conditions were the same as in FIG.
- the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 is different and was 1150 ° C.
- Other conditions were the same as those in FIG.
- the inner surface temperature IT is the heat transfer from the furnace atmosphere temperature (that is, the heating temperature) of the heating furnace F2 and the meat temperature higher than the furnace atmosphere temperature (heating temperature). It rises above the heating temperature due to heat conduction from the meat having the temperature MT. However, with the passage of time, the inner surface temperature IT approaches the heating temperature.
- FIG. 10 shows the heating time in the heating furnace F2 when the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1 is 1210 ° C. and the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 and the uneven heat of the hollow shell (meat temperature MT ⁇ outer surface). It is a figure which shows the relationship with temperature OT).
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the relationship between the heating time in the heating furnace F2 and the uneven heat of the hollow shell when the heating temperature of the heating furnace F1 is 1210 ° C. and the heating temperature of the heating furnace F2 is 1150 ° C. is there.
- Curve T25 in FIG.10 and FIG.11 shows the thermal deviation in case a hollow shell thickness is 25 mm.
- Curve T50 shows the heat deviation when the hollow shell thickness is 50 mm.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 were created by editing the data of FIGS.
- the heat deviation decreases rapidly as the heating time of the heating furnace F2 elapses regardless of whether the wall thickness is 25 mm or 50 mm. And when heating time passes for 300 second, the degree of the reduction
- the upper limit of the preferable heating time in the heating furnace F2 is 1000 seconds or less, more preferably 600 seconds or less. In this case, the uneven heat can be sufficiently reduced and the production efficiency is also increased.
- the configuration of the punching machine P2 is the same as the punching machine P1 shown in FIG. That is, the punching machine P2 also includes a pair of inclined rolls 1 and the plugs 2. However, the shapes of the inclined roll 1 and the plug 2 may be different from those of the punching machine P1.
- a preferable draw ratio in the drawing and rolling is 1.05 to 2.0 or less.
- the perforation ratio is defined by the following equation (2).
- Stretch ratio Hollow tube length after stretch rolling / Hollow tube length before stretch rolling (2)
- the relationship between the heating temperature in the heating furnace F2 and the draw ratio is the same as in the heating furnace F1.
- a preferred stretch ratio is 1.05 to 2.0.
- the preferable value of the total stretch ratio defined by the formula (3) is higher than 2.0 and not higher than 4.0.
- Total drawing ratio hollow tube length after drawing / rolling / billet length before piercing-rolling (3)
- the hollow shell is reheated (soaking) in the heating furnace F2. Therefore, the temperature in the meat that has become excessively high due to the heat generated by the piercing and rolling process is lowered, and the uneven heat is reduced. Therefore, the occurrence of melt cracking is suppressed in the drawing and rolling. Therefore, even if the total stretch ratio is higher than 2.0, the occurrence of internal cracks is suppressed.
- Steps after stretching step (S6) The steps after the stretching step are the same as the well-known Mannesmann method.
- the rolling mill 10 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series.
- the rolling mill 10 is, for example, a plug mill or a mandrel mill.
- the hollow shell that has been stretch-rolled by the rolling mill 10 is subjected to constant diameter rolling by the constant diameter rolling mill 20.
- the constant diameter rolling mill 20 includes a plurality of roll stands arranged in series.
- the constant diameter rolling mill 20 is, for example, a sizer or a stretch reducer.
- stretch rolling is performed using a piercing machine P2.
- the piercing machine P1 may be used to carry out stretching rolling.
- the piercing machine P1 pierces and rolls the round billet heated in the heating furnace F1 (S3 in FIG. 2), and further stretches and rolls the hollow shell heated in the heating furnace F2 (S5 in FIG. 2). ).
- the heating furnace F2 lowers the excessively high meat temperature and reduces the uneven heat. Therefore, even if the hollow shell is stretch-rolled with the piercing machine P1, melt cracking hardly occurs.
- the seamless metal pipe of the inventive example was manufactured by the following method. Three high alloy round billets having the chemical composition described above were prepared. Each round billet had an outer diameter of 70 mm and a length of 500 mm. Each round billet was charged into the heating furnace F1 and heated at 1210 ° C. for 1 hour. After heating, a round billet was extracted from the heating furnace F1, and pierced and rolled with a piercing machine P1 to form a hollow shell. The hollow shell had an outer diameter of 75 mm, a wall thickness of 10 mm, a length of 942 mm, and a perforation ratio of 1.88.
- the hollow shell after piercing and rolling was quickly charged in the heating furnace F2 and heated.
- the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell at the time of charging was 1050 ° C.
- the heating temperature in the heating furnace F2 was 1200 ° C., and the heating time was 600 seconds (10 minutes).
- the hollow shell was extracted from the heating furnace F2, and stretched and rolled with a piercing machine P2 to produce a seamless metal tube.
- the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell at the entrance side of the piercing machine P2 (that is, the outer surface temperature of the hollow shell immediately before stretching) was 1120 ° C.
- the manufactured seamless metal tube had an outer diameter of 86 mm, a thickness of 7 mm, a length of 1107 mm, and a draw ratio of 1.18. The total draw ratio was 2.21.
- each seamless metal tube was cut along the axial direction after ultrasonic flaw detection, and the presence or absence of a melt crack on the inner surface was visually observed. When even one melt crack was observed, it was judged that a melt crack occurred in the seamless metal pipe.
- the seamless metal pipe of the comparative example was manufactured by the following method. Three round billets having the same chemical composition and dimensions as those of the inventive examples were prepared. Under the same conditions as in the example of the present invention, the round billet was heated in the heating furnace F1, and pierced and rolled using the piercing machine P1 to obtain a hollow shell. The dimension of the manufactured hollow shell was the same as that of the example of the present invention. The manufactured hollow shell was not charged in the heating furnace F2, and a seamless metal tube was manufactured by drawing and rolling using the piercing machine P2 under the same conditions as in the example of the present invention. The dimensions of the manufactured seamless metal pipe were the same as those of the example of the present invention. The outer surface temperature of the hollow shell at the entrance side of the punching machine P2 was 990 ° C. The manufactured seamless metal tube was examined for the presence or absence of melt cracking by the same method as in the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
高合金の継目無金属管をマンネスマン法により製造する場合、ダブル・ピアシング方式が適する。高合金は変形抵抗が高い。そのため、1回の穿孔圧延での加工度が高ければ、一般的な鋼(低合金鋼等)と比較して、穿孔機への負荷が高くなる。さらに、加工度が高ければ加工発熱も大きくなるため、溶融割れが発生しやすくなる。2つの穿孔機(第1穿孔機及び第2穿孔機)又は1つの穿孔機を用いて、穿孔圧延及び延伸圧延を実施すれば、つまり、ダブル・ピアシング方式を利用すれば、1回の穿孔圧延、延伸圧延当たりの加工度を抑えることができる。
延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/延伸圧延前の中空素管長さ (2)
総延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/穿孔圧延前のビレット長さ (3)
この場合、高い加工度で高合金の継目無金属管を製造できる。
図1は、本実施の形態による継目無金属管の製造ラインの一例を示すブロック図である。
図2は、本実施の形態による継目無金属管の製造工程を示すフロー図である。本実施の形態による継目無金属管の製造方法では次の工程を実施する。初めに、高合金の丸ビレットを準備する(S1:準備工程)。準備した丸ビレットを加熱炉F1に装入し、加熱する(S2:第1加熱工程)。加熱された丸ビレットを穿孔機P1で穿孔圧延して中空素管(ホローシェル)を製造する(S3:穿孔圧延工程)。中空素管を加熱炉F2に装入し、再加熱する(S4:第2加熱工程)。加熱された中空素管を穿孔機P2で延伸圧延する(S5:延伸圧延工程)。延伸圧延された中空素管を、圧延機10及び定径圧延機20で圧延し、継目無金属管にする(S6)。以下、各工程について詳述する。
初めに、高合金からなる丸ビレットを準備する。丸ビレットは、質量%で、20~30%のCrと、22%を超えて60%以下のNiとを含有する。好ましくは、丸ビレットは、C:0.005~0.04%、Si:0.01~1.0%、Mn:0.01~5.0%、P:0.03%以下、S:0.03%以下、Cr:20~30%、Ni:22%を超えて60%以下、Cu:0.01~4.0%、Al:0.001~0.3%、N:0.005~0.5%を含有し、残部はFe及び不純物からなる。また、必要に応じて、Feの一部に代えて、Mo:11.5%以下及びW:20%以下の1種以上を含有してもよい。さらに、Feの一部に代えて、Ca:0.01%以下、Mg:0.01%以下、Ti:0.001~1.0%、V:0.001~0.3%、Nb:0.0001~0.5%、Co:0.01~5.0%及びREM:0.2%以下の1種以上を含有してもよい。
準備された丸ビレットを加熱炉F1に装入し、加熱する。好ましい加熱温度は1150℃~1250℃である。この温度範囲で丸ビレットを加熱すれば、穿孔圧延時中の丸ビレットで粒界溶融が発生しにくい。好ましい加熱温度の上限は1220℃以下である。加熱時間は特に限定されない。
加熱炉F1で加熱された丸ビレットを、穿孔機P1を用いて穿孔圧延する。図4は、穿孔機P1の構成図である。図4を参照して、穿孔機P1は、一対の傾斜ロール1と、プラグ2とを備える。一対の傾斜ロール1は、パスラインPLを挟んで互いに対向して配置される。各傾斜ロール1は、パスラインPLに対して、傾斜角及び交叉角を有する。プラグ2は一対の傾斜ロール1の間であって、パスラインPL上に配置される。
穿孔比=穿孔圧延後の中空素管長さ/穿孔圧延前のビレット長さ (1)
穿孔圧延により製造された中空素管を加熱炉F2に装入し、加熱する。加熱炉F2は、加熱炉F1と同様に、周知の構成を有する。したがって、第2加熱炉は例えば、図3に示すロータリー炉、又は、ウォーキングビーム炉等である。
加熱炉F2から中空素管を抽出し、穿孔機P2に搬送する。そして、穿孔機P2を用いて中空素管を延伸圧延する。
延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/延伸圧延前の中空素管長さ (2)
総延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/穿孔圧延前のビレット長さ (3)
延伸工程以降の工程は、周知のマンネスマン法と同様である。例えば、延伸された中空素管を圧延機10により延伸圧延する。圧延機10は直列に配列された複数のロールスタンドを含む。圧延機10は例えば、プラグミルやマンドレルミル等である。さらに、圧延機10により延伸圧延された中空素管を、定径圧延機20により定径圧延する。定径圧延機20は、直列に配列された複数のロールスタンドを含む。定径圧延機20は例えば、サイザやストレッチレデューサ等である。以上の工程により、高合金からなる継目無金属管が製造される。
第1の実施の形態では、穿孔機P2を用いて延伸圧延を実施する。しかしながら、穿孔機P2に代えて、穿孔機P1を用いて延伸圧延を実施してもよい。要するに、穿孔機P1は、加熱炉F1で加熱された丸ビレットを穿孔圧延し(図2中のS3)、さらに、加熱炉F2で加熱された中空素管を延伸圧延する(図2中のS5)。この場合であっても、加熱炉F2が、過剰に高い肉中温度を低下し、偏熱を小さくする。したがって、穿孔機P1で中空素管を延伸圧延しても、溶融割れが発生しにくい。
本発明例の継目無金属管を、次の方法で製造した。上述の化学組成の高合金の丸ビレットを3本準備した。各丸ビレットの外径は70mmであり、長さは500mmであった。各丸ビレットを加熱炉F1に装入し、1210℃で1時間加熱した。加熱後、加熱炉F1から丸ビレットを抽出し、穿孔機P1で穿孔圧延して中空素管にした。中空素管の外径は75mm、肉厚は10mm、長さは942mmであり、穿孔比は1.88であった。
比較例の継目無金属管を、次の方法で製造した。本発明例と同じ化学組成及び寸法の丸ビレットを3本準備した。本発明例と同じ条件で、丸ビレットを加熱炉F1で加熱し、穿孔機P1を用いて穿孔圧延して中空素管とした。製造された中空素管の寸法は本発明例と同じであった。製造された中空素管を加熱炉F2に装入せず、穿孔機P2を用いて本発明例と同じ条件で延伸圧延して継目無金属管を製造した。製造された継目無金属管の寸法は本発明例と同じであった。穿孔機P2の入側での中空素管の外面温度は990℃であった。製造された継目無金属管の溶融割れの有無を、本発明例と同じ方法で調査した。
本発明例の3本の継目無金属管では、いずれも内面に溶融割れが発生しなかった。一方、比較例の3本の継目無金属管では、いずれも内面に溶融割れが発生した。
Claims (4)
- 質量%で、Cr:20~30%及びNi:22%を超えて60%以下を含有する高合金を第1加熱炉で加熱する工程と、
前記第1加熱炉で加熱された前記高合金を第1穿孔機を用いて穿孔圧延して中空素管を製造する工程と、
前記中空素管を第2加熱炉で加熱する工程と、
前記第2の加熱炉で加熱された前記中空素管を、前記第1穿孔機又は前記第1穿孔機と異なる第2穿孔機を用いて延伸圧延する工程とを備える、継目無金属管の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の継目無金属管の製造方法であって、
前記中空素管を前記第2加熱炉で加熱する工程では、外面温度が1000℃以上の前記中空素管を前記第2加熱炉に装入する、継目無金属管の製造方法。 - 請求項2に記載の継目無金属管の製造方法であって、
前記中空素管を前記第2加熱炉で加熱する工程では、加熱時間を少なくとも300秒以上にする、継目無金属管の製造方法。 - 請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の継目無金属管の製造方法であって、
前記穿孔圧延する工程では、式(1)で定義される穿孔比が1.1~2.0以下であり、前記延伸圧延する工程では、式(2)で定義される延伸比が1.05~2.0以下であり、式(3)で定義される総延伸比が2.0よりも高い、継目無金属管の製造方法。
穿孔比=穿孔圧延後の中空素管長さ/穿孔圧延前のビレット長さ (1)
延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/延伸圧延前の中空素管長さ (2)
総延伸比=延伸圧延後の中空素管長さ/穿孔圧延前のビレット長さ(3)
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CN201280053869.1A CN103917307B (zh) | 2011-11-01 | 2012-10-24 | 无缝金属管的制造方法 |
EP12846437.7A EP2752253B1 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2012-10-24 | Seamless-metal-pipe manufacturing method |
US14/353,035 US9308561B2 (en) | 2011-11-01 | 2012-10-24 | Method of producing seamless metal pipe |
MX2014005028A MX345720B (es) | 2011-11-01 | 2012-10-24 | Método de producción de tubo de metal sin soldadura. |
BR112014010310A BR112014010310A2 (pt) | 2011-11-01 | 2012-10-24 | método para produzir tubo de metal sem costura |
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CN111589869A (zh) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-08-28 | 西北工业大学 | 一种2219铝合金管的高强韧二辊斜轧穿孔方法 |
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CN103917307A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
US9308561B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
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