WO2013063992A1 - 一种脱钩装置 - Google Patents

一种脱钩装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013063992A1
WO2013063992A1 PCT/CN2012/082096 CN2012082096W WO2013063992A1 WO 2013063992 A1 WO2013063992 A1 WO 2013063992A1 CN 2012082096 W CN2012082096 W CN 2012082096W WO 2013063992 A1 WO2013063992 A1 WO 2013063992A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hanger
plate
fixed
jack
movable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/082096
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李莹松
刘洋
魏淑芬
吴紫俊
郭传真
Original Assignee
中联重科股份有限公司
湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中联重科股份有限公司, 湖南中联重科专用车有限责任公司 filed Critical 中联重科股份有限公司
Publication of WO2013063992A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013063992A1/zh

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of instantaneous unloading devices, and more particularly to a decoupling device. Background technique
  • Decoupling devices are often required during the operation and testing of construction machinery such as cranes.
  • the unhooking device enables sudden unloading of heavy objects, and the operator does not have to access heavy objects to avoid danger.
  • Most of the existing unhooking devices realize the decoupling function of the unhooking device by controlling the pulling of one of the movable members to change the stability of the main hook of the unhooking device.
  • the existing decoupling device requires external tension to complete the decoupling process.
  • the hoisting device also needs to bear additional pulling force during the decoupling process, and the unhooking direction is mostly one-side lateral decoupling, and the heavy object will bear a certain weight.
  • the lateral force is easy to cause danger and cannot meet the requirements of engineering machinery application and testing. Summary of the invention
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a decoupling device which can effectively prevent the lifting device and the crane from lifting heavy objects from receiving lateral forces, thereby improving the safety of the decoupling operation.
  • the decoupling device includes a fixed hanger and a movable hanger
  • the fixed hanger includes a bottom plate, and a support plate disposed on the bottom plate, and a matching hole is formed in the support plate
  • the movable hanger includes a main board, a lifting device disposed on the main board, and a connecting plate disposed under the main board, wherein the connecting board is provided with a matching hole
  • the unhooking device further comprises an insertable device a matching hole for fixing the hanger support plate and a plunger for the matching hole of the movable hanger connecting plate, and being disposed on the fixed hanger or the movable hanger, and the abutting end thereof can be accommodated in a matching hole on the fixed hanger support plate and the movable hanger
  • a jack that is ejected from a plunger in the mating hole of the rack connection plate.
  • the foregoing unhooking device further includes a buckle that can fasten the support plate of the fixed hanger and the connecting plate of the movable hanger in the axial direction of the matching hole board.
  • the foregoing unhooking device comprises two snap plates, the snap plate comprising a connecting wall and a card plate extending perpendicularly from opposite ends of the connecting wall.
  • the aforementioned snap plate is fixed to the support plate of the fixed hanger or to the connecting plate of the movable hanger.
  • the hoisting device of the movable cradle has a symmetry plane, and a contact surface of the support plate of the fixed pylon and the connecting plate of the movable pylon is coplanar with the symmetry plane.
  • the aforementioned fixed hanger further includes a jack seat fixed to the bottom plate, the jack being fixed to the jack seat and fixed to the bottom plate by the jack seat.
  • the foregoing fixed hanger further includes a tail plate disposed on the bottom plate, the jack seat is disposed between the support plate and the tail plate, and the two ends of the jack are The jack seat is exposed, and one end thereof, that is, an end opposite to the top end thereof abuts against the tail plate, and the other end thereof is a fitting hole whose abutting end faces the support plate.
  • the lifting device of the movable hanger includes two supporting plates disposed on the movable hanger main plate, and is disposed between the two supporting plates, and is configured by the lifting ring Rotating rings attached to the two support plates.
  • the plunger is a tapered cylinder
  • the matching holes on the fixed hanger support plate, and the matching holes on the movable hanger connecting plate are tapered cylindrical holes.
  • the aforementioned unhooking device further includes a protective cord through which the plunger is movably attached to the fixed hanger or the movable hanger.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are that the operation method of the decoupling device according to the embodiment of the present invention is simple, The applicability is strong, and when the hook is unhooked, the lifting device and the crane lifting heavy objects are not subjected to the lateral force, which can ensure the vertical drop of the heavy object, and the safety of the unhooking operation is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the decoupling device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of the decoupling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a right side elevational view of a preferred embodiment of the decoupling device of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a front elevational view of the bottom plate, support plate and tailgate of the preferred embodiment of the unhooking device of the present invention. detailed description
  • the unhooking device of the embodiment of the present invention comprises a fixed hanger 1, a movable hanger 3, and two snap plates 5.
  • the fixed hanger 1 includes a bottom plate 12 and a branch disposed on the bottom plate 12.
  • the bottom plate 12, the support plate 14 and the tail plate 16 are each a substantially rectangular plate-shaped body having a certain thickness.
  • a plurality of fixing holes 122 are uniformly arranged at both ends of the bottom plate 12, respectively.
  • the support plate 14 and the tail plate 16 are disposed substantially perpendicularly on the bottom plate 12, and the support plate 14 and the tail plate 16 are disposed substantially in parallel and spaced apart by a certain distance.
  • a through fitting hole 142 is formed in the support plate 14.
  • the axis of the matching hole 142 is substantially parallel to the upper surface of the bottom plate 12 and perpendicular to the tail plate 16.
  • the fitting hole 142 is a tapered cylindrical hole having a smaller aperture toward one end of the tail plate 16 and a larger aperture at one end away from the tail plate 16.
  • the support plate 14 is bounded by the axis of the fitting hole 142, and the lower portion has a larger thickness, and the upper portion has a smaller thickness, that is, a surface not opposite to the tail plate 16 is stepped, and is defined herein as a mating surface 144 including an upper mating surface 146 and Lower mating face 148.
  • Fixing holes are also formed on both sides of the support plate 14 to fix the snap plate 5 to both sides of the support plate 14 by screws 149.
  • the bottom plate 12, the support plate 14 and the tail plate 16 of the fixed hanger 1 may be integrally formed, or may be formed by welding and fixing three plate-like bodies to each other.
  • the jack base 18 includes a substantially cylindrical jack receiving portion 182, and a fixing portion 184 provided at the bottom of the jack receiving portion 182 and having a substantially rectangular plate shape.
  • a plurality of fixing holes 183 are evenly arranged on the two sides of the mounting portion 182, so that the jacks 19 are fixed in the jack receiving portion 182 by screws 186, and a plurality of fixing holes 187 are evenly arranged on both sides of the fixing portion 184 for passing
  • a screw 188 secures the jack seat 18 to the base plate 12 between the support plate 14 and the tail plate 16.
  • the jack 19 is received and fixed by the screw 186 in the jack receiving portion 182 of the jack seat 18, and both ends thereof are exposed from the jack receiving portion 182, and the jack 19 is coaxially disposed with the matching hole 142 of the supporting plate 14.
  • One end of the jack 19 abuts against the top end plate 16, and the other end faces the fitting hole 142 of the support plate 14.
  • the movable hanger 3 includes a main board 30, a connecting plate 32 and a plunger 34 disposed under the main board 30, and a lifting device disposed above the main board 30.
  • the lifting device includes two supporting plates 36. And a lifting ring 38.
  • the main plate 30, the connecting plate 32, and the support plate 36 are each a substantially rectangular plate-shaped body having a certain thickness.
  • the connecting plate 32 extends vertically from the lower surface of the main board 30, on which A through hole 322 is defined, and the axis of the socket 322 is substantially parallel to the lower surface of the main board 30 and perpendicular to the connecting plate 32.
  • a bushing 324 is also provided in the receptacle 322 of the connecting plate 32.
  • the bushing 324 may be a hollow tubular body made of copper, which is fixed to the connecting plate 32 by screws (not shown).
  • the bushing 324 is provided with a through fitting hole 325.
  • the engaging hole 325 is a tapered cylindrical hole.
  • the hole facing the support plate 14 has a smaller aperture, and the end away from the support plate 14 has a larger aperture.
  • the plunger 34 is coupled to the lower surface of the main plate 30 by a protective cord 326 which is a tapered cylinder having a smaller shaft diameter at one end and a larger shaft diameter at the other end.
  • a snap ring 342 is provided on an end surface of the end of the plunger 34 having a larger diameter.
  • a snap ring 302 is also provided on the lower surface of the main board 30.
  • the protective cord 326 is attached to the snap ring 302 on the lower surface of the main plate 30, and the other end is attached to the snap ring 342 on the end face of the plunger 34, thereby movably fixing the plunger 34 to the main plate 30.
  • the two support plates 36 extend perpendicularly from the upper surface of the main board 30, and are parallel to each other and spaced apart by a certain distance.
  • the lifting eye 38 is rotatably mounted between the two support plates 36 by a lifting eye shaft 382.
  • the lifting ring 38 is a cylindrical body, and an annular groove 384 is provided on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
  • the main plate 30 of the movable hanger 3, the connecting plate 32 and the supporting plate 36 may be integrally formed, or may be formed by welding and fixing four plate-like bodies to each other.
  • the shackle plate 5 has a substantially "C" shape in cross section, and includes a connecting wall 52, and a card plate 54 extending perpendicularly from both ends of the connecting wall 52. Screw holes (not shown) are provided in the connecting wall 52 to fix the snap plate 5 to the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 by screws 149.
  • the fixed hanger 1 is fixed on a heavy object that needs to be lifted by a crane. Since the bottom plate 12 of the fixed hanger 1 is provided with a fixing hole 122, the bottom plate 12 can be fixed to a heavy object that needs to be lifted by screws or bolts or the like.
  • the top central position passes either through its center of gravity and connects the hydraulic drive of a hydraulic drive device, such as a hydraulic drive of a crane, to the jack 19 on the stationary pylon 1.
  • the lifting device of the movable hanger 3 is hung on the wire rope 7 of the crane, and the wire rope 7 can be wound around the groove 384 in the outer circumference of the lifting ring 38 of the lifting device 3 of the movable hanger 3, and fastened.
  • the wire rope 7 is hung on the hook of the crane for lifting.
  • the operator attaches the two snap plates 5 to the two sides of the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3 and the supporting plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1, so that the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3 and the fixed hanger 1 are fixed.
  • the support plate 14 is caught between the card plates 54 of the two snap plates 5, and the operator fixes the two snap plates 5 to the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 by screws 149, that is, the snap plate 5 will
  • the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 and the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3 are snapped together in the axial direction of the fitting hole 142 and the fitting hole 325. In this way, the preparation for the lifting operation is completed.
  • the mating surface 148 is coplanar, and the coplanar requirement is primarily to ensure that the wire rope 7 is coplanar with the contact surface.
  • the crane When the operator steers the crane to lift the heavy object, the crane lifts the movable hanger 3 through the wire rope 7 and the fixed hanger 1 which is fastened to the movable hanger 3, thereby lifting the heavy object.
  • the plunger 34 Under the action of gravity, the plunger 34 generates a force between the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 and the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3, but since the direction of the force is perpendicular to the axis of the plunger 34, the plunger 34 does not come out of the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 and the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3, and the weight is lifted up together with the wire rope 7.
  • the operator operates the hydraulic hydraulic driving device connected to the jack 19 to push the abutting end of the jack 19 to the plunger 34, forcing the plunger 34 along Its axis moves.
  • the plunger 34 can be inserted from the fitting hole 325 of the bushing 324 of the connecting plate 32.
  • the plunger 34 and the fitting hole 142 of the support plate 14 engaged with the plunger 34 and the fitting hole 325 of the bushing 324 on the connecting plate 32 have a tapered shape, they are easily fitted tightly and are in contact with the jack 19.
  • the plunger 34 since the abutting end of the jack 19 pushes the end of the plunger 34 having a smaller diameter, the plunger 34 is easily detached from the fitting hole 142 of the support plate 14 and the fitting hole of the bushing 324 of the connecting plate 32.
  • the 325 is pulled out to reduce the driving force required for the process.
  • the purpose of the protective cord 326 is to remain suspended from the main plate 30 of the movable hanger 3 when the plunger 34 is disengaged from the mating hole 142 of the support plate 14 and the mating hole 325 of the bushing 324 on the connecting plate 32. Will fly out.
  • the mating surface 144 of the fixed hanger 1 support plate 14 is arranged in a stepped shape to ensure that the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3 can be smoothly separated from the snap plate 5 after the plunger 34 is disengaged, and the abutting end of the jack 19 is avoided. It is in contact with the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3.
  • the 148 is coplanar, so that the lifting force of the wire rope 7 passes through the joint of the movable hanger 3 and the fixed hanger 1, reducing the moment generated by the lifting force of the wire rope 7 on the connection between the fixed hanger 1 and the plunger 34.
  • the crane is operated, and the movable hanger 3 is fixed close to the weight that needs to be lifted by the crane.
  • the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3 is inserted between the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 and the card 54 of the snap plate 5, and the movable hanger 3 is connected to the plate 32 socket 322.
  • the matching hole 325 of the inner bushing 324 is aligned with the matching hole 142 of the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1, and after alignment, the operator inserts the plunger 34 hanging on the main plate 30 of the movable hanger 3 into the movable hanger 3 connecting plate.
  • the bushing 324 in the jack 322 of the 32 and the fitting hole 142 in the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1 can be hoisted.
  • the decoupling device of the present invention is more suitable for a machine that is capable of continuously lifting, unhooking and releasing heavy objects and lifting work with the same weight.
  • the decoupling device according to the embodiment of the present invention has a simple operation method and strong applicability, and the lifting device and the lifting weight do not bear the lateral force during the decoupling, thereby ensuring the vertical drop of the heavy object and improving the safety of the decoupling operation. Sex.
  • the tail plate 16 is disposed on the fixed hanger 1 for facilitating the positioning of the jack 19, and in other embodiments of the decoupling device of the present invention, the tail plate 16 may also be omitted.
  • the jack 19 can also be fixed on the bottom plate 12 of the fixed hanger 1 by other shaped jack seats 18, and even the jack 19 can be fixed not on the fixed hanger 1 but on the movable hanger 3 as long as the jack 19
  • the abutting end is aligned with the engaging hole 142 on the support plate 14, and the plunger 34 can be ejected from the fitting hole 142 on the support plate 14 and the fitting hole 325 in the bushing 324.
  • the jack 19 is a commonly used hydraulic jack in the industry, and the jack is used to abut the end of the weight.
  • the plunger 34 and the mating hole 142 of the fixed hanger 1 support plate 14 and the mating hole 325 of the bushing 324 of the movable hanger 3 connecting plate 32 receptacle 322 It is also possible not to have a taper but a cylindrical shape, and the technical effect of the present invention can be achieved as well. Even the bushing 324 may be omitted from the movable hanger 3, and the jack 322 of the connecting plate 32 is directly used as a fitting hole for engaging the plunger 34.
  • the movable hanger 3 The lifting device on the main board 30 may not be the lifting ring 38, but a hook such as a hook fixed to the main board 30 for lifting the movable hanger 3 by the crane.
  • the plunger 34 can also be attached to the bottom plate 12 of the fixed hanger 1 or neither connected to the movable hanger 3 nor to the fixed hanger 1.
  • the snap plate 5 may not be fixed to the support plate 14 of the fixed hanger 1, but may be fixed to the connecting plate 32 of the movable hanger 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)

Abstract

一种脱钩装置,所述脱钩装置包括固定吊架(1)和活动吊架(3),所述固定吊架(1)包括底板(12),以及设置在所述底板(12)上的支撑板(14),在所述支撑板(14)上开设有配合孔(142),所述活动吊架(3)包括主板(30),设置在所述主板(30)上的起吊装置,以及设置在所述主板(30)下方的连接板(32),在所述连接板(32)上开设有配合孔(325),所述脱钩装置还包括可插入所述固定吊架(1)支撑板(14)上的配合孔(142)以及所述活动吊架(3)连接板(32)上的配合孔(325)的柱塞(34),以及设置在所述固定吊架(1)或者所述活动吊架(3)上,并且其抵顶端可将容纳在所述固定吊架(1)支撑板(14)上的配合孔(142)以及所述活动吊架(3)连接板(32)上的配合孔(325)内的柱塞(34)顶出的千斤顶(19)。采用这种脱钩装置,能够确保起重机起吊的重物在脱钩时垂直下落,提高了脱钩作业的安全性。

Description

一种脱钩装置
技术领域
本发明是关于瞬时卸载装置领域, 且特别是关于一种脱钩装置。 背景技术
在起重机等工程机械的运用和测试的过程中常需要用到脱钩装置, 脱 钩装置能够实现重物的突然卸载, 而操作人员可以不必接近重物, 从而避 免危险的发生。 现有的脱钩装置较多为通过控制拉动其某个活动件以改变 脱钩装置主吊钩的稳定性来实现脱钩装置的脱钩功能。 但是正因为如此, 现有的脱钩装置在脱钩过程中需要外界附加拉力才能完成, 脱钩过程中起 吊装置也需承受附加拉力, 并且脱钩方向大多为单侧侧向脱钩, 重物掉落 会承受一定的侧向力, 容易造成危险, 不能满足工程机械运用和测试的要 求。 发明内容
针对上述问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种脱钩装置, 可以有效地避免 起吊装置和起重机起吊的重物承受侧向力, 从而提高脱钩作业的安全性。
本发明的一种脱钩装置, 所述脱钩装置包括固定吊架和活动吊架, 所 述固定吊架包括底板, 以及设置在所述底板上的支撑板, 在所述支撑板上 开设有配合孔, 所述活动吊架包括主板, 设置在所述主板上的起吊装置, 以及设置在所述主板下方的连接板, 在所述连接板上开设有配合孔, 所述 脱钩装置还包括可插入所述固定吊架支撑板上的配合孔以及所述活动吊架 连接板上的配合孔的柱塞, 以及设置在所述固定吊架或者所述活动吊架上, 并且其抵顶端可将容纳在所述固定吊架支撑板上的配合孔以及所述活动吊 架连接板上的配合孔内的柱塞顶出的千斤顶。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的脱钩装置还包括可将所述固定吊架 的支撑板以及所述活动吊架的连接板在所述配合孔轴向方向上卡扣在一起 的卡扣板。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的脱钩装置包括两块卡扣板, 所述卡 扣板包括连接壁, 以及自连接壁两端同向垂直延伸出来的卡板。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的卡扣板固定在所述固定吊架的支撑 板上或者固定在所述活动吊架的连接板上。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的活动吊架的起吊装置具有对称面, 并且所述固定吊架的支撑板与所述活动吊架的连接板的接触面与所述对称 面共面。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的固定吊架还包括固定在所述底板上 的千斤顶座, 所述千斤顶固定在所述千斤顶座上, 并且通过所述千斤顶座 固定在所述底板上。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的固定吊架还包括设置在所述底板上 的尾板, 所述千斤顶座设置在所述支撑板和所述尾板之间, 所述千斤顶两 端自所述千斤顶座露出, 其一端即与其抵顶端相对的一端抵顶所述尾板, 其另一端即其抵顶端正对所述支撑板的配合孔。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的活动吊架的起吊装置包括设置在所 述活动吊架主板上的两块支板, 以及设置在所述两块支板之间, 并通过吊 环轴可转动的装设在所述两块支板上的吊环。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的柱塞为锥状柱体, 所述固定吊架支 撑板上的配合孔, 以及所述活动吊架连接板上的配合孔均为锥状柱形孔。
在本发明的一个实施例中, 前述的脱钩装置还包括保护绳, 所述柱塞 通过所述保护绳可活动地系在所述固定吊架或者所述活动吊架上。
本发明的有益效果是, 采用本发明实施例的脱钩装置操作方法简便, 适用性强, 并且在脱钩时, 起吊装置和起重机起吊的重物均不承受侧向力, 能够确保重物垂直下落, 提高了脱钩作业的安全性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述, 为了能够更清楚了解本发明的 技术手段, 而可依照说明书的内容予以实施, 并且为了让本发明的上述和 其它目的、 特征和优点能够更明显易懂, 以下特举实施例, 并配合附图, 详细说明如下。 附图说明
图 1是本发明脱钩装置的较佳实施例的主视示意图。
图 2是本发明脱钩装置的较佳实施例的俯视示意图。
图 3是本发明脱钩装置的较佳实施例的右视示意图。
图 4是本发明脱钩装置的较佳实施例的底板、 支撑板和尾板的主视示 意图。 具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功 效, 以下结合附图及较佳实施例, 对依据本发明提出的一种脱钩装置的具 体实施方式、 结构、 特征及其功效, 详细说明如下:
有关本发明的前述及其它技术内容、 特点及功效, 在以下配合参考图 式的较佳实施例的详细说明中将可清楚呈现。 通过具体实施方式的说明, 当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具 体的了解, 然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用, 并非用来对本发明加 以限制。
请参照图 1、 图 2和图 3所示, 本发明实施例的脱钩装置包括固定吊架 1, 活动吊架 3, 以及两块卡扣板 5。
请一并参照图 4所示, 固定吊架 1包括底板 12, 设置在底板 12上的支 撑板 14、尾板 16, 设置在支撑板 14和尾板 16之间的千斤顶座 18, 以及由 千斤顶座 18支撑的千斤顶 19。 底板 12、 支撑板 14和尾板 16均为大致呈 矩形, 具有一定厚度的板状体。 在底板 12的两端分别均匀布置有若干固定 孔 122。支撑板 14和尾板 16大致垂直地设置在底板 12上, 支撑板 14和尾 板 16大致平行设置, 并且间隔一定的距离。 在支撑板 14上开设有贯通的 配合孔 142, 配合孔 142的轴线大致平行于底板 12上表面, 并且垂直于尾 板 16。配合孔 142是锥状柱形孔, 其朝向尾板 16的一端孔径较小, 远离尾 板 16的一端孔径较大。 支撑板 14以配合孔 142的轴线为界, 下部厚度较 大, 上部厚度较小, 即其不与尾板 16相对的一面为阶梯状, 在这里定义为 配合面 144, 包括上配合面 146和下配合面 148。 在支撑板 14两侧还开设 有固定孔(图未标), 以便于用螺钉 149将卡扣板 5固定在支撑板 14两侧。 固定吊架 1的底板 12、 支撑板 14和尾板 16可以是一体成型而成, 也可以 是由三块板状体相互焊接固定而成。
千斤顶座 18包括大致呈圆柱状的千斤顶容置部 182, 以及设置在千斤 顶容置部 182底部, 大致呈矩形板状的固定部 184。在千斤顶容置部 182两 侧分别均匀布置有若干固定孔 183, 以便通过螺钉 186将千斤顶 19固定在 千斤顶容置部 182内, 在固定部 184两侧分别均匀布置有若干固定孔 187, 以便通过螺钉 188将千斤顶座 18固定在底板 12上, 支撑板 14和尾板 16 之间。
千斤顶 19容置并通过螺钉 186固定在千斤顶座 18的千斤顶容置部 182 内, 其两端自千斤顶容置部 182露出, 千斤顶 19与支撑板 14的配合孔 142 同轴设置。千斤顶 19一端抵顶尾板 16,另一端正对支撑板 14的配合孔 142。
请参照图 1和图 2所示, 活动吊架 3包括主板 30, 设置于主板 30下方 的连接板 32和柱塞 34, 以及设置于主板 30上方的起吊装置, 起吊装置包 括两块支板 36和吊环 38。 主板 30、 连接板 32和支板 36均为大致呈矩形, 具有一定厚度的板状体。 连接板 32由主板 30下表面垂直延伸出来, 其上 开设有贯通的插孔 322, 插孔 322的轴线大致平行于主板 30的下表面, 垂 直于连接板 32。 在连接板 32的插孔 322内还设有轴衬 324, 轴衬 324可以 是铜制空心管状体, 其通过螺钉 (图未示) 固定在连接板 32上。 轴衬 324 内设有贯通的配合孔 325, 配合孔 325是锥状柱形孔, 其朝向支撑板 14的 一端孔径较小, 远离支撑板 14的一端孔径较大。 柱塞 34通过保护绳 326 与主板 30的下表面连接在一起, 柱塞 34是锥状柱体, 即其一端轴径较小, 另一端轴径较大。 在柱塞 34直径较大的一端的端面上设有卡环 342。 在主 板 30的下表面还设有卡环 302。保护绳 326—端系在主板 30下表面的卡环 302上, 另一端系在柱塞 34端面上的卡环 342上, 从而将柱塞 34可活动地 固定在主板 30上。 两块支板 36由主板 30上表面垂直延伸出来, 相互平行 且间隔一定的距离。 吊环 38通过吊环轴 382可转动地装设在两块支板 36 之间。 吊环 38为圆柱体, 在其外周面上设有环状凹槽 384。 活动吊架 3的 主板 30, 连接板 32和支板 36可以是一体成型而成, 也可以是由四块板状 体相互焊接固定而成。
卡扣板 5的截面大致呈 "C"型, 包括连接壁 52, 以及自连接壁 52两 端同向垂直延伸出来的卡板 54。 在连接壁 52上设有螺钉孔 (图未示), 以 通过螺钉 149将卡扣板 5固定在固定吊架 1的支撑板 14上。
下面详述本发明实施例的脱钩装置的具体安装和使用方法。
首先将固定吊架 1 固定在需要通过起重机吊起的重物上, 由于固定吊 架 1的底板 12上设有固定孔 122,可通过螺钉或者螺栓等将底板 12固定在 需要吊起的重物顶部中央位置或穿过其重心, 并且将液压驱动设备, 例如 是起重机的液压驱动设备的液压管路连接到固定吊架 1上的千斤顶 19上。 然后将活动吊架 3的起吊装置吊在起重机的钢丝绳 7上, 可将钢丝绳 7环 绕在活动吊架 3起吊装置的吊环 38外周的凹槽 384内, 并系牢。 一般, 该 钢丝绳 7挂在起重机的吊钩上, 以实现吊装。
在需要用起重机吊起重物时, 首先操纵起重机, 使活动吊架 3靠近固 定在需要通过起重机吊起的重物上的固定吊架 1,并且使活动吊架 3连接板 32插孔 322内轴衬 324的配合孔 325对准固定吊架 1支撑板 14上的配合孔 142, 对准后由操作者将挂在活动吊架 3主板 30上的柱塞 34插入活动吊架 3轴衬 324的配合孔 325以及固定吊架 1支撑板 14上的配合孔 142内, 并 且将柱塞 34插到底, 即插到其直径较小的末端抵顶千斤顶 19朝向支撑板 14的一端。 最后, 由操作者将两块卡扣板 5分别夹在活动吊架 3的连接板 32和固定吊架 1的支撑板 14两侧, 使活动吊架 3的连接板 32和固定吊架 1的支撑板 14卡在两块卡扣板 5的卡板 54之间,并由操作者将两块卡扣板 5通过螺钉 149固定在固定吊架 1的支撑板 14上, 即卡扣板 5将固定吊架 1的支撑板 14以及活动吊架 3的连接板 32在配合孔 142和配合孔 325的轴 向方向上卡扣在一起。 这样, 即完成了吊装作业的准备工作。 此时活动吊 架 3上部的两块支板 36以及吊环 38的对称面与活动吊架 3连接板 32内轴 衬 324与固定吊架 1支撑板 14的接触面, 亦即支撑板 14的下配合面 148 共面, 该共面要求主要是为了保证钢丝绳 7与所述接触面共面。
在操作者操纵起重机吊起重物时,起重机通过钢丝绳 7吊起活动吊架 3 以及与活动吊架 3卡固在一起的固定吊架 1, 从而吊起重物。在重力的作用 下, 柱塞 34分别与固定吊架 1的支撑板 14和活动吊架 3的连接板 32之间 产生力的作用, 但由于其受力方向与柱塞 34轴线垂直, 柱塞 34不会从固 定吊架 1的支撑板 14和活动吊架 3的连接板 32内脱出,重物随着钢丝绳 7 一起向上提起。
在需要将本发明实施例的脱钩装置脱开, 使重物落下时, 由操作者操 作与千斤顶 19相连的液压液压驱动设备, 使千斤顶 19的抵顶端推顶柱塞 34, 迫使柱塞 34沿其轴线方向移动。 当千斤顶 19的抵顶端推顶柱塞 34移 动到支撑板 14上的配合孔 142内, 还未伸出配合孔 142时, 柱塞 34即可 从连接板 32上轴衬 324的配合孔 325内退出, 从而解除固定吊架 1与活动 吊架 3的结合关系, 又由于活动吊架 3的连接板 32和固定吊架 1的支撑板 14卡在两块卡扣板 5的卡板 54之间, 重物只能连同固定吊架 1和卡扣板 5 一同相对于活动吊架 3垂直下落。 这样, 即完成了脱钩作业。
由于柱塞 34以及与柱塞 34配合的支撑板 14的配合孔 142以及连接板 32上轴衬 324的配合孔 325的形状均为锥状, 它们之间易于紧密配合, 并 且在千斤顶 19的抵顶端推顶柱塞 34时, 由于千斤顶 19的抵顶端推顶的是 柱塞 34直径较小的一端, 柱塞 34易于从支撑板 14的配合孔 142以及连接 板 32上轴衬 324的配合孔 325内脱出, 从而减小该过程所需要的推动力。 设置保护绳 326的目的是在柱塞 34从支撑板 14的配合孔 142以及连接板 32上轴衬 324的配合孔 325内脱出时, 仍保持悬挂在活动吊架 3的主板 30 上, 而不会飞出。 固定吊架 1支撑板 14的配合面 144设置成阶梯状, 是为 了保证在柱塞 34脱出后, 活动吊架 3的连接板 32能顺利地脱离卡扣板 5, 而避免千斤顶 19的抵顶端与活动吊架 3的连接板 32接触。 活动吊架 3上 部的两块支板 36以及吊环 38的对称面与活动吊架 3连接板 32内轴衬 324 与固定吊架 1支撑板 14的接触面, 亦即支撑板 14的下配合面 148共面, 使得钢丝绳 7的起吊力通过活动吊架 3与固定吊架 1的连接处, 减小了钢 丝绳 7的起吊力对固定吊架 1与柱塞 34的连接处产生的力矩。
在下一次需要用起重机吊起该重物时, 由于卡扣板 5 已固定在固定吊 架 1的支撑板 14上, 在操纵起重机, 使活动吊架 3靠近固定在需要通过起 重机吊起的重物上的固定吊架 1时, 使活动吊架 3的连接板 32插入固定吊 架 1的支撑板 14和卡扣板 5的卡板 54之间, 并且使活动吊架 3连接板 32 插孔 322内轴衬 324的配合孔 325对准固定吊架 1支撑板 14上的配合孔 142, 对准后由操作者将挂在活动吊架 3主板 30上的柱塞 34插入活动吊架 3连 接板 32的插孔 322内的轴衬 324以及固定吊架 1支撑板 14上的配合孔 142 内, 即可进行吊装作业。
本发明的脱钩装置更多地适用于强夯机这种需要将同一个重物连续地 吊起、 脱钩并释放重物、 吊起工作的机器。 这样, 采用本发明实施例的脱钩装置操作方法简便, 适用性强, 并且 在脱钩时, 起吊装置和起吊的重物均不承受侧向力, 能够确保重物垂直下 落, 提高了脱钩作业的安全性。
可以理解, 在本发明实施例的脱钩装置中, 在固定吊架 1 上设置尾板 16是为了便于千斤顶 19的定位, 而在本发明脱钩装置的其它实施例中, 尾 板 16也可省略, 千斤顶 19也可以通过其它形状的千斤顶座 18固定在固定 吊架 1的底板 12上, 甚至千斤顶 19也可以不是固定在固定吊架 1上, 而 是固定在活动吊架 3上, 只要千斤顶 19的抵顶端对准支撑板 14上的配合 孔 142, 可将柱塞 34从支撑板 14上的配合孔 142和轴衬 324内的配合孔 325内顶出即可。 千斤顶 19是业界常用的液压式千斤顶, 其抵顶端即千斤 顶用于抵顶重物的末端。
同样可以理解, 在本发明脱钩装置的其它实施例中, 柱塞 34以及固定 吊架 1支撑板 14上的配合孔 142、 活动吊架 3连接板 32插孔 322内轴衬 324的配合孔 325也可以不是锥形, 而是圆柱形, 同样可以达到本发明的技 术效果。 甚至活动吊架 3上也可以不设轴衬 324, 直接将连接板 32的插孔 322作为与柱塞 34配合的配合孔。活动吊架 3主板 30上的起吊装置也可以 不是吊环 38,而是固定在主板 30上的吊钩等可供起重机将活动吊架 3吊起 的装置。 柱塞 34也可以连接在固定吊架 1的底板 12上, 或者既不与活动 吊架 3连接, 也不与固定吊架 1连接。 卡扣板 5也可以不是固定在固定吊 架 1的支撑板 14上, 而是固定在活动吊架 3的连接板 32上。
以上所述, 仅是本发明的实施例而已, 并非对本发明作任何形式上的 限制, 虽然本发明已以实施例揭露如上, 然而并非用以限定本发明, 任何 熟悉本专业的技术人员, 在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内, 当可利用上述 揭示的技术内容作出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例, 但凡是未 脱离本发明技术方案内容, 依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任 何简单修改、 等同变化与修饰, 均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种脱钩装置, 其特征在于, 所述脱钩装置包括固定吊架和活动吊 架, 所述固定吊架包括底板, 以及设置在所述底板上的支撑板, 在所述支 撑板上开设有配合孔, 所述活动吊架包括主板, 设置在所述主板上的起吊 装置, 以及设置在所述主板下方的连接板, 在所述连接板上开设有配合孔, 所述脱钩装置还包括可插入所述固定吊架支撑板上的配合孔以及所述活动 吊架连接板上的配合孔的柱塞, 以及设置在所述固定吊架或者所述活动吊 架上, 并且其抵顶端可将容纳在所述固定吊架支撑板上的配合孔以及所述 活动吊架连接板上的配合孔内的柱塞顶出的千斤顶。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述脱钩装置还包括 可将所述固定吊架的支撑板以及所述活动吊架的连接板在所述配合孔轴向 方向上卡扣在一起的卡扣板。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述脱钩装置包括两 块卡扣板, 所述卡扣板包括连接壁, 以及自连接壁两端同向垂直延伸出来 的卡板。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述卡扣板固定在所 述固定吊架的支撑板上或者固定在所述活动吊架的连接板上。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述活动吊架的起吊 装置具有对称面, 并且所述固定吊架的支撑板与所述活动吊架的连接板的 接触面与所述对称面共面。
6. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述固定吊架还包括 固定在所述底板上的千斤顶座, 所述千斤顶固定在所述千斤顶座上, 并且 通过所述千斤顶座固定在所述底板上。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述固定吊架还包括 设置在所述底板上的尾板, 所述千斤顶座设置在所述支撑板和所述尾板之 间, 所述千斤顶两端自所述千斤顶座露出, 其一端即与其抵顶端相对的一 端抵顶所述尾板, 其另一端即其抵顶端正对所述支撑板的配合孔。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述活动吊架的起吊 装置包括设置在所述活动吊架主板上的两块支板, 以及设置在所述两块支 板之间, 并通过吊环轴可转动的装设在所述两块支板上的吊环。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的脱钩装置,其特征是:所述柱塞为锥状柱体, 所述固定吊架支撑板上的配合孔, 以及所述活动吊架连接板上的配合孔均 为锥状柱形孔。
10. 根据权利要求 1 所述的脱钩装置, 其特征是: 所述脱钩装置还包 括保护绳, 所述柱塞通过所述保护绳可活动地系在所述固定吊架或者所述 活动吊架上。
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