Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/0075—Nozzle arrangements in gas streams
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
  • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
  • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
  • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
  • B05B7/224—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material having originally the shape of a wire, rod or the like
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
  • C23C4/06—Metallic material
  • C23C4/067—Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
  • C23C4/06—Metallic material
  • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
  • C23C4/131—Wire arc spraying
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
  • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
  • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
  • B05B13/06—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 specially designed for treating the inside of hollow bodies
  • B05B13/0627—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies
  • B05B13/0636—Arrangements of nozzles or spray heads specially adapted for treating the inside of hollow bodies by means of rotatable spray heads or nozzles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing a coating by thermal spraying, in particular by plasma spraying, in which a component, in particular a cylinder liner of an internal combustion engine, e.g. is made of an aluminum, coated with an alloy, preferably with an iron alloy.
• EP 1 967 601 A2 From EP 1 967 601 A2 it is known that e.g. To coat an aluminum engine block, in particular its cylinder bore with an iron alloy while performing the arc wire spraying.
• EP 1 967 601 A2 proposes to use an iron alloy which contains inter alia 5 to 25% by weight of chromium. It is essential in the EP 1 967 601 A2, that the molten iron also an additional powder, namely Borcabid is supplied.
• the arc wire spraying method of EP 1 967 601 A2 is the so-called TWAS method, in which two wires are fed to a spray head in such a way that power is transmitted to the wires. When the two wires touch each other, a permanent short circuit causes an arc to melt the wires. Behind the nozzle is a nozzle from which compressed air or an inert gas such as nitrogen escapes. This gas stream atomizes the molten iron alloy and supplies it with the molten borocabid powder to the surface to be coated.
• DE 44 1 1 296 A1 and DE 44 47 514 A1 deal with coatings by means of plasma spraying, wherein, however, a metal powder or a filler wire are melted, and wherein the material mixture nitrogen is supplied by means of metallic nitrogen compounds to harden the coating.
• Today's internal combustion engines or their engine blocks can be cast from a metal or aluminum, in particular aluminum blocks on their Cylinder bores have an iron or metal layer.
• the metal layer may be thermally sprayed.
• thermal spraying methods the above-mentioned methods are known.
• PTWA inner coating process Pulsma Transfer Wire Are
• bores cylinder bores
• the plasma strikes the preheated wire-form spray additive.
• the plasma gas is usually an argon-hydrogen mixture.
• transport gas or atomizing gas air or compressed air is used in the PTWA process.
• the layers produced by this process are characterized by a low porosity.
• the PTWA internal coating process has so far proven itself in the interior coating of cylinder bores.
• the metal or iron coatings of the cylinder bores produced according to the hitherto possible coating methods do not withstand the particular corrosion conditions of ethanol-containing fuels or ethanol fuels. This is particularly observed when the motor vehicle or the internal combustion engine is not used for a long time, which may be the case, for example, when parking during a vacation. Even an alloy containing 17% by weight of chromium had corrosive attack marks on the protective coating.
• the invention is based on the object to provide a method of the type mentioned above, with which a coating improved in this respect can be produced.
• a method for producing a coating by thermal spraying, in particular by plasma spraying, in which a component, in particular a cylinder liner of an internal combustion engine made of aluminum or cast, is coated with an alloy is proposed in which nitrogen is at least is supplied as a transport gas, wherein a Spitzzusatzwerkstoff is a solid alloy wire, which is fed into a plasma stream, wherein additional powder-free or powder-free is coated.
• the plasma spraying is a PTWA inner coating (Plasma Transfer Wire Are).
• additive powder-free or “powder-free” in the sense of the invention means that neither a filler wire filled with (metal) powder nor a separately supplied (metal) powder is used. In fact, in the invention, only a solid, that is to say homogeneous or an unfilled spray additive wire is advantageously used.
• a suitable alloy for coating has as alloying element chromium and mainly iron. A preferred metal or iron alloy is disclosed below.
• the spray additive wire according to the invention comprises an iron alloy with 23 wt.% Cr, 5 wt.% Al, less than 0.5 wt.% Si, less than 0.2 wt.% Mn, less than 0.05 Wt% C, the remaining ingredients having an amount less than 2% by weight and the remainder being iron.
• inventive method can also be used for coating other components.
• FIG. 1 shows a nozzle unit 1 of a PTWA internal coating device.
• the PTWA (Plasma Transferred Wire Are) coating system is a system for coating bores, in particular cylinders in engine blocks of internal combustion engines.
• the nozzle unit 1 consists of a cathode 2, a plasma nozzle 3, and the electrically conductive alloy wire 4 as an anode, which is supplied perpendicular to the plasma nozzle 3.
• Tungsten is preferably used as the material for the cathode 2, which may be doped with thorium, for example.
• the plasma gas 5, for example a mixture of argon and hydrogen, is supplied through bores located in the nozzle body 6 and located tangentially to the circumference.
• the cathode holder 7 insulates the cathode 2 relative to the nozzle body 6.
• the alloy wire 4 is rotatably guided in the wire feed 15 and longitudinally displaceable.
• the process is started by a high-voltage discharge which ionizes and dissociates the plasma gas 5 between alloy wire 4, nozzle body 6 and cathode 2.
• the plasma thus generated flows through the plasma nozzle 3 at high speed.
• the plasma gas 5 is transported toward the alloy wire 4 fed continuously perpendicular to the nozzle 3, whereby the electric circuit is closed.
• a transport gas 9 or a Zerstäubergas 9 via feed channels 10 and auxiliary nozzles 1 1 is supplied to the plasma jet 8 emerging from the pilot nozzle 3.
• the melting and the atomization of the alloy wire 4 are influenced by two phenomena.
• the wire 4 is on the one hand by high currents, typically 65-90 amps, resistance heated.
• the impact of the plasma jet 8 on the preheated wire 4 causes its melting at the wire end 12.
• a plasma is generated within the plasma nozzle 3 by means of high-voltage discharge.
• a targeted nitrogen gas flow so the transport gas 9 along the discharge path transports the plasma and the molten spray material 13 to the surface 14 of the workpiece to be coated.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

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Citations (8)

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• 2011
  • 2011-10-17 DE DE102011084608A patent/DE102011084608A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2012
  • 2012-09-27 EP EP12769371.1A patent/EP2768997A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-09-27 CN CN201280051252.6A patent/CN104053810A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-09-27 US US14/237,545 patent/US20140186540A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2012-09-27 WO PCT/EP2012/069021 patent/WO2013056961A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2012-09-27 IN IN2566CHN2014 patent/IN2014CN02566A/en unknown
  • 2012-09-27 RU RU2014119972A patent/RU2650222C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (8)

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