WO2013053147A1

WO2013053147A1 - Method for prevention and control of infectious diseases of shrimp species by using cobias

Info

Publication number: WO2013053147A1
Application number: PCT/CN2011/081216
Authority: WO
Inventors: 何建国; 陈勇贵; 翁少萍
Original assignee: 中山大学
Priority date: 2011-10-13
Filing date: 2011-10-25
Publication date: 2013-04-18
Also published as: CN102499128A

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, relates to a method for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of shrimp species by using cobias, comprising the following steps: deploying postlarvae of Penacus orientalis into seawater having a salinity between 2 and 33, where the amount deployed is between 30,000 and 100,000 postlarvae/are, and, when the Penacus orientalis develop to weights between 0.3 g and 0.7 g, deploying cobias weighing between 90 g/fish and 110 g/fish, where the amount deployed is 50 fishes/are. Numerous experiments proved that cobias weighing between 90 g/fish and 100 g/fish in shrimp farming ponds feed on diseased or deceased shrimps first, and that healthy shrimps have a minimal probability of being eaten due to habits thereof. This feature solves the problem of reduced survival rate of farmed shrimps due to healthy shrimps being preyed on.

Description

Method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious diseases by using cobia

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture and relates to a method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious diseases. Background technique

Shrimp is one of the most important aquatic economic animals in the world. It is one of the most active types of trade in the world. It is also the dominant export product of China's aquatic products. In 2009, the aquaculture production was 1,033,000 tons, and the export volume was 188,000 tons. 12. 300 million US dollars, the output value exceeds 30 billion yuan. In the general trade of single varieties, the export volume ranked first.

With the rapid development of the shrimp farming industry, China has once again become the largest country in the world for shrimp farming. However, due to the degradation of seedling quality, the blind increase of breeding density, the pollution of seawater, the abuse of drugs, the unreasonable nutrition, and poor management, the diseases of shrimps continue to occur. It is generally believed that the incidence of shrimp is the result of interaction between shrimp, pathogens and the environment. Many shrimp diseases are multiple pathogens or multiple causes. Based on this conclusion, prevention of outbreaks of infectious diseases of shrimps starts from several aspects. First, cut off the pathogen, that is, cut off the two routes of transmission of infectious diseases of shrimp; Secondly, improve the breeding environment, so that the physical and chemical factors of water can reach the most suitable state of growth of the shrimp; Again, improve the immunity of the shrimp, you can choose to undergo strict breeding. For strains that are resistant to certain viruses and harsh environments, drugs that increase the immunity of shrimps are added during the breeding process; finally, scientific management, timely detection of problems and timely treatment. Although a large number of scholars have done a lot of work in the prevention and treatment of shrimp disease, it has greatly promoted the development of the aquaculture industry. However, since the outbreak of white spot syndrome in 1992, there has still been no practical way to completely prevent the outbreak of shrimp disease worldwide. The outbreak of shrimp disease has caused serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry in China. It is estimated that the annual economic loss is as high as 3 billion yuan.

The same habit of shrimp remnants is a major cause of the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp. Removal of diseased shrimp in shrimp culture ponds is one way to prevent the spread of shrimp disease. However, the current methods of artificially removing sick shrimp have limitations such as untimely detection and incomplete removal, and it is difficult to control the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp. In addition, there are some shrimp farming methods in the industry that use the method of fish and shrimp polyculture to prevent and control shrimp diseases. However, due to the inability to adopt the correct method for the selection of fish species, quantity, specifications and delivery time, the desired results are often not obtained. The problem of shrimp disease still restricts the healthy and sustainable development of shrimp farming. The habit of prawn mutual eating is a major factor leading to the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp. In the process of shrimp culture, due to differences in individual disease resistance, individual shrimps with weak constitution and poor disease resistance are sensitive to changes in the external environment. First, the disease or even death, healthy individuals prey on such dead shrimps, which will lead to infection. Sexual pathogens (bacteria/virus) spread within the shrimp population, causing more shrimp deaths and eventually failing to farm. How to promptly and thoroughly remove sick shrimps from shrimp culture ponds is one of the key technologies to control the outbreak of shrimp diseases. Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively preventing and controlling infectious diseases which occur during shrimp culture in response to the above technical problems to be solved.

The present invention achieves the above objects by the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious diseases by using cobia, comprising the following steps: placing shrimp and shrimp seedlings in seawater with a salinity range of 2-33, and the dosage is 30,000 to 100,000/mu. When the shrimp is cultured to 0. 3~0. 7 grams, the cobia is 90-110g/tail, and the dosage is 50/mu.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the culture water body has a temperature of 16 to 36 °C.

5。 The pH of the water is 7. 5~9.5.

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dissolved oxygen in the water body is 2. Omg/L o

As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia nitrogen in the culture water is 0.5 mg/L.

。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。.

Wherein the shrimp is one of P. vannamei, P. monodon or Chinese prawns.

The invention comprehensively considers the feeding habits of cobia, the spread of shrimp disease and the current shrimp culture technology through a large number of scientific experiments, determines the method for preventing and controlling infectious diseases of shrimp, and utilizes the feeding habit of cobia, in high salinity marine culture. A certain size and quantity of cobia are placed in the shrimp culture ponds of the district to allow them to prey on weak shrimps and dead shrimps, thereby achieving the purpose of cutting off the spread of shrimp diseases and controlling the outbreak of shrimp diseases.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. Through a large number of experiments, it is proved that the 90-l lOg/tail cobia eats the sick shrimp first in the shrimp culture pond, and the chance of healthy shrimp being eaten by its habit is very small. This feature solves the problem of low survival rate of farmed shrimp due to hunting of healthy shrimp;

2. Cobia can be found in healthy shrimps and eaten to sick shrimps, which can effectively prevent healthy shrimps from feeding sick shrimps, thus blocking the transmission of diseases;

3. Cobia can timely discover and ingest sick and dead shrimps, reduce the workload of removing artificial shrimps from artificial patrol ponds, improve the efficiency of removing sick shrimps, reduce breeding costs, and increase the success rate of breeding;

4, the use of cobia to prevent and control the outbreak of prawn disease, reduce the use of various drugs to control shrimp disease. On the one hand, it is conducive to the protection of the ecological environment, on the other hand, it is conducive to the improvement of the quality of the shrimp;

5. Cobia is itself an economic fish. The cobia in the shrimp pond brings more economic benefits to shrimp farmers. detailed description In order to explain the method of the present invention in more detail, the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Example 1

The method for using the cobia to prevent and control shrimp infectious diseases provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

1. According to the normal management method of shrimp culture, after the water is cultivated, the shrimp seedlings of about 1.0 cm will be put, about 30,000-100,000 per acre. The "normal management method" described herein refers to the general conventional technical operation used by those skilled in the art for shrimp culture, and can be specifically referred to the instruction manual for shrimp culture in the field. 5米。 The water depth of the shrimp culture pond is preferably 1. 5-2. 5 meters. The aquaculture water body of the present invention has a salinity in the range of 2-33. The "salinity" as used herein means the total amount (by weight) of dissolved salts in water, expressed in parts per thousand, and is generally not represented by a thousandth. The physicochemical factor of the shrimp culture water body: the temperature is preferably 16~36 ° C, the pH is preferably 7. 5~9. 5, dissolved oxygen 2. Omg / L, ammonia nitrogen 0. 50mg / L, nitrite nitrogen 0 · 05mg /L.

2, timely release of cobia. When the shrimp is cultured to 0. 3-0. 7 grams, the cobia is placed before the outbreak of the shrimp disease. In the process of breeding, due to the shrimp seedling itself, large-scale death occurs in the early stage of breeding. It is not necessary to release cobia before. Ideally, when the shrimp seedlings are cultured to 0. 3~0. 7 grams, the most preferred culture is 0.5 g. When the growth of the shrimp seedlings is stable, the cobia is again thrown. The weight of the cobia to be placed is preferably 90-l lOg/tail, most preferably 100 g/tail. It should be noted that a slight deviation (such as 100 ± 10g) from the fish body selected for actual application will not affect the final substantial effect; the cobia is preferably placed at 50 fish/mu.

3. In addition to the specific requirements for the salinity of cultured water and the specifications, quantity and time of cobia production, other aquaculture operations can be carried out in accordance with the technical specifications for shrimp culture.

The method of the invention can be applied to a variety of shrimp cultures, especially P. vannamei, P. monodon or P. chinensis.

Example 2

From June to September 2011, the shrimp culture experiment was carried out. A total of 10 ponds were selected, numbered 1-10, and the pond culture area per pond was 5 mu, totaling 50 mu. Among them, 1-4 ponds put 30,000 shrimps per acre, 5-7 ponds put 60,000 shrimps per acre, and ponds 8-10 put 100,000 shrimps per acre. Among them, the No. 1 pond was a blank control group, and the conventional shrimp culture method without any fish was used for breeding; the No. 2-10 pond was carried out according to the method of the present invention, and the Penaeus vannamei was cultivated. After 20 days of seedlings (when the weight of the shrimp was about 0.3 to 0.7 g), the cobia was weighed at a density of about 50 (± 10) g/tail at a density of 50/mu. After about 100 days of breeding, the shrimps were marketed, and the shrimp infectious virus disease did not occur in the shrimps of the 2-10 breeding ponds, and the breeding success rate was 100%. The breeding success rate of the shrimps in the No. 1 breeding ponds was 58. 6%.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

Claim

A method for preventing and controlling shrimp infectious diseases by using cobia, which comprises the following steps: placing shrimp and shrimp seedlings in seawater having a salinity range of 2-33, and delivering a dose of 30,000 to 100,000 tails/ In the mu, when the shrimp is cultured to 0. 3~0. 7 grams, the cobia is 90-110g/tail, and the dosage is 50/mu.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the aquaculture water is 16 to 36 °C.

5。 The method of the water having a pH of 7. 5 ~ 9. 5.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: the dissolved oxygen in the aquaculture water body is 2. Omg/L o

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein: the ammonia nitrogen in the aquaculture water is 0.50 mg / L.

The method of claim 1, wherein the nitrite in the aquaculture water is 0. 05 mg / L.

The method according to claim 1, wherein the shrimp is one of P. vannamei, P. monodon or Chinese prawns.