CN116267729A - Method for intercropping penaeus vannamei boone - Google Patents
Method for intercropping penaeus vannamei boone Download PDFInfo
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- 241000238553 Litopenaeus vannamei Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000009342 intercropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 241001327110 Macrobrachium rosenbergii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000011580 syndromic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- 230000017074 necrotic cell death Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 240000006413 Prunus persica var. persica Species 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 230000009340 pathogen transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144730 Amygdalus persica Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for intercropping giant freshwater shrimps by using penaeus vannamei and giant freshwater shrimps, which comprises the steps of standard coarse, commodity shrimp culture, feeding management, water quality management and the like, wherein in the whole culture process, the omnivorous giant freshwater shrimps play a role of scavenger, so that the residual bait and organic scraps are ingested, the utilization rate of the bait is improved, and unhealthy shrimps which die or are weak or endangered can be eaten, the giant freshwater shrimps are not infected by themselves, and pathogen transmission chains are effectively cut off. The penaeus vannamei is screened by utilizing the biological rule of the superior and inferior stages of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the rest is the penaeus vannamei with good physique, strong vitality, high growth speed, low incidence probability and large culture specification, so that the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for intercropping penaeus vannamei boone by using penaeus vannamei boone, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.
Background
The penaeus vannamei is introduced into China for the first time in 1988 and starts to breed, and the penaeus vannamei rapidly becomes one of main varieties of shrimp breeding in China due to the advantages of thin shell, delicious meat, high growth speed, strong adaptability, high yield, low requirements on baits and the like. However, the problems of cultivation are not few, the high-density cultivation of the penaeus vannamei boone is rapid in development in recent years, the frequency and severity of outbreaks of the penaeus vannamei boone are increased due to multiple weather changes, such as death diseases, white spot syndromes and the like, medicines are abused and illegally used, wind is generated silently, the quality of products is not ensured, small losses are brought to a plurality of farmers, the penalties of the penaeus vannamei boone industry in China are caused, the outage and transfer cultivation conditions are outstanding, and sustainable development is threatened.
The method has the advantages that the industrial development bottleneck of the penaeus vannamei is overcome, the risk is avoided, the benefit is higher, people are actively explored, and long-term culture discovers that the penaeus vannamei and macrobrachium rosenbergii have obvious advantages in shrimp polyculture modes, because macrobrachium rosenbergii belongs to omnivorous animals, different ecological areas can be utilized in theory for polyculture mainly by aquatic insects, mollusks, fish and shrimp, various animal carcasses, aquatic plants, living algae and the like, the water space utilization rate is improved, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii can clear residual bait for culture and swallow dead penaeus vannamei, so that the occurrence and propagation probability of diseases of the penaeus vannamei are effectively controlled, but how to polyculture is realized by adopting the stocking time, proportion, daily feeding management and water quality management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems in the existing mode and technology, and provides the method for intercropping the giant freshwater prawns by using the penaeus vannamei, which effectively prevents the penaeus vannamei from being ecologically green, can reduce the cultivation cost and prevent pesticide residues.
A method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, newly building a standard coarse pool:
selecting a plurality of square or rectangular ponds as standard thick ponds for different shrimp larvae between 12 months of the previous year and 1 month of the current year, pumping pond water, trimming pond ridges and pond bottoms, dredging and exposing for 60-100 days; building a steel wire greenhouse framework above each pond by taking pond ridges around each pond as lines, covering plastic films on the steel wire greenhouse framework 20-30 days before different shrimp larvae are marked, sterilizing the marked thick pond by using quicklime or bleaching powder, feeding water into the marked thick pond 0.8-1.0 m deep 10-15 days before different shrimp larvae are marked, applying organic compound fertilizer, bio-fat water or algae cultivation agent for water production after water feeding, and regulating the transparency of pond water to 30cm-40cm, wherein the water color is yellowish green or brown;
s2, standard and thick macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
s2.1, breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: in the middle and late ten days, when the water temperature in the greenhouse is 22-28 ℃, 50-100 giant freshwater shrimp seedlings are put into a standard coarse pond of the giant freshwater shrimp for water test for 24 hours, the survival rate of the giant freshwater shrimp seedlings reaches more than 90 percent, the standard coarse pond can be bred with giant freshwater shrimp seedlings with the standard length of 0.6cm-0.8cm, clean body surface, no disability, full intestines and stomach and strong and active intestines and stomach, the breeding density is 100-120 ten thousand feet per mu, and the water temperature difference between the standard coarse pond and the seedling water body is less than 2 ℃ during water test and breeding;
s2.2, feeding management of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: feeding the macrobrachium rosenbergii into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, and the time is 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00, feeding special opening materials for young giant freshwater shrimps, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, the feeding is carried out according to 3.0% -5.0% of the weight of the shrimps, the feeding is carried out for 10-15 days, and 5-10g of puffed feed is thrown as bait to promote the activity of the shrimps while each feeding;
s2.3, water quality management of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: keeping the water temperature of the rough pond in the greenhouse at 22-30 ℃, lifting and ventilating plastic films on two sides or around the greenhouse when the temperature outside the greenhouse reaches more than 28 ℃, and removing the plastic films covered on the greenhouse when the water temperature outside the greenhouse lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃; after the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are launched for 3 days, adding fresh water for 3cm-5cm each day until the water level of the pond reaches 0.8-1m; regulating water quality with Bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier to transparency of 20cm-30cm, and pH of pond water of 7.0-9.0; holding cell Shui Andan (NH4+ -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg/L;
s3, crude Penaeus vannamei Boone Miao Biao:
s3.1, stocking the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings: taking 50-100 penaeus vannamei boone seedlings when the water temperature in a shed is 25-30 ℃ in the late 5 months, putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a standard coarse pond of the penaeus vannamei boone for testing water for 1 day, wherein the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings move normally and have a survival rate of more than 90%, the penaeus vannamei boone can be put into the standard coarse pond at one time, the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings select larvae of P5-P10 specification, the quality meets the requirement of SC/T2068, and the pathogen detection results of the penaeus vannamei boone on white spot syndrome, infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis, peach pulling syndrome, vibrio parahaemolyticus, intestinal cyst and macrobrachium rosenbergii muscle white disease are all negative, the stocking density is 100 ten thousand-120 thousand feet per mu, and the water temperature of a water body outside the shed lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃;
s3.2, feeding management of penaeus vannamei boone: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings per day, and the feeding is performed for 4 times for 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00; then feeding special opening materials for the south whitening prawns, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times a day, and the feeding amount is increased by 20% -30% a day after the feeding;
s3.3, water quality management of the penaeus vannamei boone: adding new water after the standard thick pond of the penaeus vannamei is placed for 30 hours until the water level of the pond reaches 0.8-1.2 m; regulating water quality with bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier, maintaining water transparency at 20-30 cm, and water color of yellow green or brown, and pond water pH7.0-9.0; maintaining pool Shui Andan (NH4+ -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg/L;
s4, culturing commercial shrimps:
s4.1, breeding: culturing the young macrobrachium rosenbergii for 20-30 days, sampling and weighing 4000-5000 tails/kg, and placing the young macrobrachium rosenbergii into a commodity shrimp culture pond, wherein the water level of the commodity shrimp culture pond is 1-1.2 m; the stocking density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 0.8-1.5 ten thousand tails per mu; the seedling-releasing time of the penaeus vannamei boone is 3-25 days later, and the stocking density is 3-5 thousands of tails/mu; putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into the penaeus vannamei boone after 15-30 days, putting 20-30 silver carps and 30-50 silver carps per mu, wherein the specification is 60-120 g/tail, and putting 2-3 grass carps per mu, and the specification is 300-600 g/tail;
s4.2, commodity shrimp feeding management: feeding 0.5mm compound feed with protein content of more than 42%, crude fat of more than 8%, lysine of more than 2.2% in the first 20-30 days after macrobrachium rosenbergii stocking, and feeding the compound feed with protein content of more than 40%, crude fat of more than 4% and lysine of more than 2%; the daily feeding quantity is 3% -5% of the shrimp weight, the daily feeding of the compound feed is 2 times, and the feeding amount is 6 a.m.: 00-8:00 feeds 40% -45%, 16:00-18:00 feeding 55% -60%, uniformly scattering feed along the periphery of the pond in a water area 1m-2m away from the edge of the pond ridge, arranging 1-2 small plate-shaped nets on one side or opposite angles of the pond edge, and checking shrimp eating conditions by combining the small triangular trawl net with the bottom pulling;
s4.3, water quality management of commercial shrimps: after shrimp seedlings are separately cultured in a commodity shrimp culture pond from a standard coarse shed, fresh water is added into the commodity culture pond for 1 time every 5-7 days, 5cm-10cm of water is added each time, and pond water is added to 1.5-1.8 m in the last ten days of 6 months; the transparency of the water body is regulated to be 20cm-30cm by using a microbial preparation, pond bottom modification and water fertilizer, and the water color is yellow green or brown, and the pH value of pond water is 7.8-9.0; ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 < + > -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and pool water dissolved oxygen above 6.0 mg/L;
s5, fishing:
the fishing is started in the middle ten days of 8 months, and then the penaeus vannamei is caught for 1 time every 10-20 days, the penaeus vannamei is caught by a ground cage, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by a big dip net or a big pull net until the last ten days of 10 months and the last ten days of 11 months are caught by a dry pond.
Further, in the step S1, when the standard coarse pool is a dry pool, quicklime is used for sprinkling the whole pool, and the dosage is 50-100 kg/mu; when the standard coarse tank water level is 10-20cm, using bleaching powder with available chlorine not less than 28% to perform full tank disinfection, wherein the consumption of the bleaching powder is 10-15 kg/mu; the standard coarse tank water level is 1.0-1.2m, the full tank disinfection is carried out by using bleaching powder with available chlorine more than or equal to 28%, and the bleaching powder consumption is 100-200 kg/mu.
Further, when the standard coarse pool in the step S1 is fed with water, the water inlet is sleeved with a sleeve-shaped mesh bag with the mesh aperture of 0.18-0.25 mm.
Further, a fish pond oxygenation controller for monitoring dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen of the water body is arranged in the commercial shrimp culture pond and the standard coarse pond of each shrimp larvae.
Further, in the step S2.2 of feeding management of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings and the step S3.2 of feeding management of the penaeus vannamei, vitamin C powder is added into the feed once every 10-15 days, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu; in the step S4.2 of commodity shrimp feeding management, vitamin C powder is added into the feed once every 10-15 days, the addition amount is 250 g/mu, five yellow powder is added into the feed once 1-2 days after the vitamin C powder is added, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: ecological disease prevention is carried out by utilizing the principle of biological food chain and combining the use of immunopotentiator vitamin C and Chinese herbal medicines, so that ecological green disease prevention of penaeus vannamei is effectively carried out, the cultivation cost can be reduced, and pesticide residues are prevented; by selecting reasonable feeding amount, feeding and water quality monitoring, the water quality change can be treated timely, the stress response of the external environment change to aquatic animals is reduced, and the healthy growth of the shrimps is promoted; the feed does not need to be additionally fed in the breeding process of the macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the residual feed of the penaeus vannamei can be eaten, so that the feed utilization rate is improved, and the feed cost is reduced.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1
A method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei sequentially comprises the following steps: s1, newly building a standard coarse pool: 2 rectangular ponds are selected as standard thick ponds of different shrimp larvae between 12 months of the previous year and 1 month of the current year, the pond width is 4 meters, the standard thick pond of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 30 meters long, and the standard thick pond of the white crayfish is 100 meters long; draining pool water, repairing pool ridges and pool bottoms, performing dredging treatment, and then insolating for 60 days, wherein a water inlet and a water outlet are arranged, and sleeve-shaped mesh bags with mesh apertures of 0.18-0.25 mm are used; constructing a steel wire greenhouse framework above 2 standard coarse ponds by taking pond ridges around as lifting lines, covering a plastic film on the steel wire greenhouse framework 30 days before standard coarse ponds of different shrimp larvae, sterilizing the standard coarse ponds by adopting dry ponds, splashing quicklime in the whole pond according to 60 kg/mu, feeding water into the standard coarse ponds 10-15 days before standard coarse ponds of different shrimp larvae for 0.8-1.0 m deep, applying organic compound fertilizer, biological fertilizer water or algae cultivation for water production after water feeding, regulating the transparency of water in the ponds to 30cm-40cm, and enabling the water color to be yellow green or brown; installing a controller of the oxygenation controller of the fish pond, and immediately detecting the temperature, the pH value and the content of dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrosonitrogen of the water body.
S2, standard and thick macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
s2.1, breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: putting 100 giant freshwater shrimp seedlings into a standard coarse pond of the giant freshwater shrimp for water test for 24 hours at the temperature of 24 ℃ in a greenhouse for 22 months, wherein the survival rate of the giant freshwater shrimp seedlings reaches over 90 percent, the standard coarse pond is put with the standard length of 0.6cm-0.8cm in the morning, the surface of the giant freshwater shrimp seedlings is clean, no disability exists, the intestines and the stomach are full, and the healthy and active giant freshwater shrimp seedlings are put with the density of 100 ten thousand feet per mu, and the water temperature difference between the standard coarse pond and the seedling raising water body is less than 2 ℃ when water test and put under culture;
s2.2, feeding management of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: feeding the macrobrachium rosenbergii into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, and the time is 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00, feeding special opening materials for young giant freshwater shrimps, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, the feeding is carried out according to 3.0% -5.0% of the weight of the shrimps, the feeding is carried out for 10-15 days, and 5-10g of puffed feed is thrown as bait to promote the activity of the shrimps while each feeding;
s2.3, water quality management of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: keeping the water temperature of the rough pond in the greenhouse at 22-30 ℃, lifting and ventilating plastic films on two sides or around the greenhouse when the temperature outside the greenhouse reaches more than 28 ℃, and removing the plastic films covered on the greenhouse when the water temperature outside the greenhouse lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃; after the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are launched for 3 days, adding fresh water for 3cm-5cm each day until the water level of the pond reaches 0.8-1m; regulating water quality with Bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier to transparency of 20cm-30cm, and pH of pond water of 7.0-9.0; maintaining pool Shui Andan (NH4+ -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L and dissolved oxygen above 54.0 mg/L;
s3, crude Penaeus vannamei Boone Miao Biao:
s3.1, stocking the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings: taking 50-100 litopenaeus vannamei seedlings in a standard crude pond of the litopenaeus vannamei at the temperature of 25-30 ℃ in a greenhouse for testing water for 1 day, wherein the litopenaeus vannamei seedlings move normally and have the survival rate of more than 90%, the litopenaeus vannamei is bred in the standard crude pond in the morning of the next day, the quality meets the requirements of SC/T2068, the pathogen detection results of the litopenaeus vannamei on white spot syndrome, infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic tissue necrosis diseases, peach pulling syndrome, vibrio parahaemolyticus, intestinal cyst and macrobrachium rosenbergii on the standard crude pond are all negative, the breeding density is 120 ten thousand tails/mu, and the plastic film on the standard crude pond of the litopenaeus vannamei is removed when the water temperature of a water outside the greenhouse lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃;
s3.2, feeding management of penaeus vannamei boone: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings per day, and the feeding is performed for 4 times for 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00; then feeding special opening materials for the south whitening prawns, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times a day, and the feeding amount is increased by 20% -30% a day after the feeding;
s3.3, water quality management of the penaeus vannamei boone: adding new water after the standard thick pond of the penaeus vannamei is placed for 30 hours until the water level of the pond reaches 0.8-1.2 m; regulating water quality with bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier, maintaining water transparency at 20-30 cm, and water color of yellow green or brown, and pond water pH7.0-9.0; maintaining pool Shui Andan (NH4+ -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg/L;
s4, culturing commercial shrimps:
s4.1, breeding: culturing the young macrobrachium rosenbergii for 20-30 days, sampling and weighing 4000-5000 tails/kg, and placing the young macrobrachium rosenbergii into a commodity shrimp culture pond, wherein the water level of the commodity shrimp culture pond is 1-1.2 m; macrobrachium rosenbergii stocking density is 1.5 ten thousand tails/mu; after one week, the penaeus vannamei boone is put in, and the stocking density is 3 ten thousand tails/mu; putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into the penaeus vannamei boone after 15-30 days, putting 20-30 silver carps and 30-50 silver carps per mu, wherein the specification is 60-120 g/tail, and putting 2-3 grass carps per mu, and the specification is 300-600 g/tail;
s4.2, commodity shrimp feeding management: feeding 0.5mm compound feed with protein content of more than 42%, crude fat of more than 8%, lysine of more than 2.2% in the first 20-30 days after macrobrachium rosenbergii stocking, and feeding the compound feed with protein content of more than 40%, crude fat of more than 4% and lysine of more than 2%; the daily feeding quantity is 3% -5% of the shrimp weight, the daily feeding of the compound feed is 2 times, and the feeding amount is 6 a.m.: 00-8:00 feeds 40% -45%, 16:00-18:00 feeding 55% -60%, uniformly scattering feed along the periphery of the pond in a water area 1m-2m away from the edge of the pond ridge, arranging 1-2 small plate-shaped nets on one side or opposite angles of the pond edge, and checking shrimp eating conditions by combining the small triangular trawl net with the bottom pulling;
s4.3, water quality management of commercial shrimps: after shrimp seedlings are separately cultured in a commodity shrimp culture pond from a standard coarse shed, fresh water is added into the commodity culture pond for 1 time every 5-7 days, 5cm-10cm of water is added each time, and pond water is added to 1.5-1.8 m in the last ten days of 6 months; the transparency of the water body is regulated to be 20cm-30cm by using a microbial preparation, pond bottom modification and water fertilizer, and the water color is yellow green or brown, and the pH value of pond water is 7.8-9.0; ammonia nitrogen (NH 4 < + > -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and pool water dissolved oxygen above 6.0 mg/L; vitamin C powder is added into the feed every 10-15 days in the penaeus vannamei boone feeding management, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu; in the step S4.2 of commodity shrimp feeding management, vitamin C powder is added into the feed once every 10-15 days, the addition amount is 250 g/mu, and five yellow powder is added into the feed once 1-2 days after the vitamin C powder is added, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu.
S5, fishing:
the fishing is started in the middle ten days of 8 months, and then the penaeus vannamei is caught for 1 time every 10-20 days, the penaeus vannamei is caught by a ground cage, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by a big dip net or a big pull net until the last ten days of 10 months and the last ten days of 11 months are caught by a dry pond.
The method for disinfecting the standard coarse pool in the step S1 is that when the standard coarse pool is a dry pool, quicklime is used for sprinkling the whole pool, and the dosage is 50 kg/mu-100 kg/mu; when the standard coarse tank water level is 10cm-20cm, using bleaching powder with available chlorine not less than 28% to perform full tank disinfection, wherein the consumption of the bleaching powder is 10 kg/mu-15 kg/mu; the standard coarse tank water level is 1.0m-1.2m, the full tank disinfection is carried out by using bleaching powder with available chlorine more than or equal to 28%, and the bleaching powder consumption is 100 kg/mu-200 kg/mu.
And (3) when the standard coarse pool is fed with water in the step S1, the water inlet is sleeved with a sleeve-shaped mesh bag with the mesh aperture of 0.18-0.25 mm.
A fish pond oxygenation controller is arranged in the commodity shrimp culture pond and the standard coarse pond of each shrimp larvae to control dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitrosonitrogen in the water body.
Example 2
In this example, the macrobrachium rosenbergii young stocking density in step S2.1 is 120 ten thousand tails/mu, the penaeus vannamei young stocking density in step S3.1 is 100 ten thousand tails/mu, the macrobrachium rosenbergii stocking density in step S4.1 is 1 ten thousand tails/mu, and the penaeus vannamei stocking density in step S4.1 is 5 ten thousand tails/mu, and the rest are the same as in example 1.
By using the technical scheme, the survival rate of the actual cultured penaeus vannamei boone can reach more than 65%, and the per mu yield can reach more than 800 jin; from the test results, the litopenaeus vannamei can better utilize the biological characteristics of the two types of shrimps, and in the whole culture process, the omnivorous macrobrachium rosenbergii plays a role of scavenger, so that the residual bait and organic scraps are ingested, the bait utilization rate is improved, and the unhealthy shrimps dying from illness or weakness and dying from death can be eaten without being infected by the macrobrachium rosenbergii, so that the pathogen transmission chain is effectively cut off. The penaeus vannamei is screened by utilizing the biological rule of the superior and inferior stages of macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the rest is the penaeus vannamei with good physique, strong vitality, high growth speed, low incidence probability, large culture specification and high production benefit.
Claims (5)
1. A method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
s1, newly building a standard coarse pool:
selecting a plurality of square or rectangular ponds as standard thick ponds for different shrimp larvae between 12 months of the previous year and 1 month of the current year, pumping pond water, trimming pond ridges and pond bottoms, dredging and exposing for 60-100 days; building a steel wire greenhouse framework above each pond by taking pond ridges around each pond as lifting lines, covering plastic films on the steel wire greenhouse framework 20-30 days before different shrimp larvae are marked, sterilizing the marked thick pond by using quicklime or bleaching powder, feeding water into the marked thick pond 0.8-m-1.0 m deep 10-15 days before different shrimp larvae are marked, applying organic compound fertilizer, bio-fat water or algae cultivation agent for water production after water feeding, and regulating the transparency of pond water to 30cm-40cm, wherein the water color is yellow green or brown;
s2, standard and thick macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings;
s2.1, breeding macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, when the water temperature in a greenhouse is 22-28 ℃, 50-100 giant freshwater shrimp seedlings are put into a standard coarse pond of the giant freshwater shrimp for water test for 24 hours, the survival rate of the giant freshwater shrimp seedlings reaches more than 90 percent, the standard coarse pond can be bred with the standard coarse pond with the body length of 0.6cm-0.8cm, the body surface is clean, no disability exists, intestines and stomach are full, the healthy and active giant freshwater shrimp seedlings are bred, the breeding density is 100-120 ten thousand feet per mu, and the water temperature difference between the standard coarse pond and the seedling water body is less than 2 ℃ during water test and breeding;
s2.2, feeding management of macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: feeding the macrobrachium rosenbergii into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of macrobrachium rosenbergii, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, and the time is 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00, feeding special opening materials for young giant freshwater shrimps, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times per day, the feeding is carried out according to 3.0% -5.0% of the weight of the shrimps, the feeding is carried out for 10-15 days, and 5-10g of puffed feed is thrown as bait to promote the activity of the shrimps while each feeding;
s2.3, water quality management of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings: keeping the water temperature of the rough pond in the greenhouse at 22-30 ℃, lifting and ventilating plastic films on two sides or around the greenhouse when the temperature outside the greenhouse reaches more than 28 ℃, and removing the plastic films covered on the greenhouse when the water temperature outside the greenhouse lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃; after the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings are launched for 3 days, adding new water 3cm-5cm every day until the pond water level reaches 0.8-1m; regulating water quality with Bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier to transparency of 20cm-30cm, yellow green or brown water color, and pond water pH7.0-9.0; holding tank Shui Andan (NH) 4 + -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, and dissolved oxygen above 5.0 mg/L;
s3, crude Penaeus vannamei Boone Miao Biao:
s3.1, stocking the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings: taking 50-100 penaeus vannamei boone seedlings when the water temperature in a shed is 25-30 ℃ in the late 5 months, putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a standard coarse pond of the penaeus vannamei boone for testing water for 1 day, wherein the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings move normally and have a survival rate of more than 90%, the penaeus vannamei boone can be put into the standard coarse pond at one time, the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings select larvae of P5-P10 specification, the quality meets the requirement of SC/T2068, and the pathogen detection results of the penaeus vannamei boone on white spot syndrome, infectious subcutaneous and hematopoietic necrosis, peach pulling syndrome, vibrio parahaemolyticus, intestinal cyst and macrobrachium rosenbergii muscle white disease are all negative, the stocking density is 100 ten thousand-120 thousand feet per mu, and the water temperature of a water body outside the shed lasts for 3-5 days and exceeds 25 ℃;
s3.2, feeding management of penaeus vannamei boone: feeding the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into a standard coarse pond for 2-3 days by using shrimp milk powder, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15 g/ten thousand of penaeus vannamei boone seedlings per day, and the feeding is performed for 4 times for 5: 00. 11: 00. 17: 00. 21:00; then feeding special opening materials for the south whitening prawns, wherein the particle size of the opening materials is 0.3mm, the initial feeding amount is 30 g/ten thousand, the feeding is carried out for 4 times a day, and the feeding amount is increased by 20% -30% a day after the feeding;
s3.3, water quality management of the penaeus vannamei boone: adding new water after the standard thick pond of the penaeus vannamei is placed for 30 hours until the water level of the pond reaches 0.8-1.2 m; regulating water quality with bacillus preparation, photosynthetic bacteria and pond substrate modifier, maintaining water transparency at 20cm-30cm, and water color of yellow green or brown, and pond water pH7.0-9.0; holding tank Shui Andan (NH) 4+ -N) less than 0.5mg/L, less than 0.1mg/L nitrosonitrogen, and more than 5.0mg/L dissolved oxygen;
s4, culturing commercial shrimps:
s4.1, breeding: culturing the young macrobrachium rosenbergii for 20-30 days, weighing 4000-5000 tails/kg in samples of young macrobrachium rosenbergii which grow to a body length of 3cm-4cm, and putting the young macrobrachium rosenbergii into a commodity shrimp culture pond, wherein the water level of the commodity shrimp culture pond is 1-1.2 m; the stocking density of the macrobrachium rosenbergii is 0.8-1.5 ten thousand tails per mu; the seedling-releasing time of the penaeus vannamei boone is 3-25 days later, and the stocking density is 3-5 thousands of tails/mu; putting the penaeus vannamei boone seedlings into the penaeus vannamei boone after 15-30 days, putting 20-30 silver carps and 30-50 silver carps per mu, wherein the specification is 60-120 g/tail, and putting 2-3 grass carps per mu, and the specification is 300-600 g/tail;
s4.2, commodity shrimp feeding management: feeding 0.5mm compound feed with protein content of more than 42%, crude fat of more than 8%, lysine of more than 2.2% in the first 20-30 days after macrobrachium rosenbergii stocking, and feeding the compound feed with protein content of more than 40%, crude fat of more than 4% and lysine of more than 2%; the daily feeding quantity is 3% -5% of the shrimp weight, the daily feeding of the compound feed is 2 times, and the feeding amount is 6 a.m.: 00-8:00 feeds 40% -45%, 16:00-18:00 is fed with 55% -60%, the feed is evenly scattered along the periphery of the pond from 1m-2m water areas on the sides of the pond, 1-2 small plate-shaped nets are arranged on one side or opposite angles of the pond, and the feeding condition of the shrimps is checked by combining the small triangular trawl net with the bottom pulling;
s4.3, water quality management of commercial shrimps: after shrimp seedlings are separately cultured into a commodity shrimp culture pond from a standard coarse shed, fresh water is added into the commodity culture pond for 1 time every 5 days to 7 days, 5cm cm to 10cm of water is added each time, and pond water is added into 1.5m to 1.8m in the last ten days of 6 months; the transparency of the water body is regulated to be 20cm-30cm by using a microbial preparation, pond bottom modification and water fertilizer, the water color is yellow green or brown, and the pH value of pond water is 7.8-9.0; ammonia Nitrogen (NH) 4＋ -N) below 0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen below 0.1mg/L, pool water dissolved oxygen above 6.0 mg/L;
s5, fishing:
the fishing is started in the middle ten days of 8 months, and then the penaeus vannamei is caught for 1 time every 10-20 days, the penaeus vannamei is caught by a ground cage, and the macrobrachium rosenbergii is caught by a big dip net or a big pull net until the last ten days of 10 months and the last ten days of 11 months are caught by a dry pond.
2. The method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, when the standard coarse pool is a dry pool, quicklime is used for sprinkling the whole pool, and the dosage is 50-100 kg/mu; when the standard coarse tank water level is 10-20cm, using bleaching powder with available chlorine not less than 28% to perform full tank disinfection, wherein the consumption of the bleaching powder is 10-15 kg/mu; the standard coarse tank water level is 1.0-1.2m, the full tank disinfection is carried out by using bleaching powder with available chlorine more than or equal to 28%, and the bleaching powder consumption is 100-200 kg/mu.
3. The method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (2) when the standard coarse pool is fed in the step S1, the water inlet is sleeved with a sleeve-shaped mesh bag with the mesh aperture of 0.18mm-0.25 mm.
4. The method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the commercial shrimp culture pond and the standard coarse pond of each shrimp larvae are internally provided with a fish pond oxygenation controller for monitoring dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen of the water body.
5. The method for intercropping macrobrachium rosenbergii by using penaeus vannamei according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: step S2.2, feeding management of the macrobrachium rosenbergii seedlings and feeding management of the penaeus vannamei seedlings in step S3.2, wherein vitamin C powder is added into the feed once every 10-15 days, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu; in the step S4.2 of commodity shrimp feeding management, vitamin C powder is added into the feed once every 10-15 days, the addition amount is 250 g/mu, five yellow powder is added into the feed once 1-2 days after the vitamin C powder is added, and the addition amount is 250 g/mu.
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