WO2012079427A1 - Biological control method for controlling prawn disease by tilapia - Google Patents

Biological control method for controlling prawn disease by tilapia Download PDF

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WO2012079427A1
WO2012079427A1 PCT/CN2011/081221 CN2011081221W WO2012079427A1 WO 2012079427 A1 WO2012079427 A1 WO 2012079427A1 CN 2011081221 W CN2011081221 W CN 2011081221W WO 2012079427 A1 WO2012079427 A1 WO 2012079427A1
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shrimp
tilapia
diseases
controlling
biological control
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PCT/CN2011/081221
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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何建国
陈勇贵
翁少萍
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中山大学
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Publication of WO2012079427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079427A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for prawn culture for biological control by tilapia. Background technique
  • Shrimp is the mainstay of China's aquaculture industry. It has developed rapidly in recent years. By 2009, the aquaculture production was 1,330,000 tons, and the output value exceeded 30 billion yuan. The export of foreign exchange earned the first amount of aquatic products in China, reaching US$1.23 billion. Shrimp aquaculture has become the target industry for the adjustment of agricultural industry structure in China.
  • shrimp disease remains a major bottleneck in the development of the shrimp farming industry.
  • the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp has a certain relationship with the habit of the shrimp itself.
  • individual physiques with weak constitution and poor disease resistance firstly plague or even die.
  • the latter are preyed by healthy individuals, resulting in the transmission of infectious pathogens (bacteria/virus) within the shrimp population.
  • infectious pathogens bacteria/virus
  • the problem of shrimp disease remains the main bottleneck for the development of shrimp farming.
  • the current main measures to solve the problem of shrimp disease include improving the disease resistance of shrimp, improving the environment of shrimp culture and cutting off the path of disease of shrimp disease.
  • white spot syndrome since the outbreak of white spot syndrome in 1992, there has still been no practical way to completely prevent the outbreak of shrimp disease worldwide.
  • the outbreak of shrimp disease has caused serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry in China. It is estimated that the annual economic loss is as high as 3 billion yuan.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for improving the survival rate of shrimps according to the problems of rapid spread of shrimp infectious diseases and incomplete and untimely removal of sick shrimps.
  • a biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia comprising the following steps:
  • the weight of the tilapia is 0. 5k g or more. Further, the tilapia is a non-reproductive hybrid tilapia.
  • the water in the cultured shrimp pond is brackish water, and the salinity is 0 ⁇
  • the shrimp is a shrimp suitable for breeding in a salinity of 0 to 15.
  • the shrimps are Penaeus vannamei, P. monodon, Chinese prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii orshrimp.
  • the water temperature is 6.5 to 8.5 ° C.
  • the water ammonia nitrogen in the cultured shrimp pond is 0. 50 mg / L.
  • the water in the cultured shrimp pond is 0. 50 mg / L. ⁇
  • the water nitrite in the cultured shrimp pond 0. 05mg / L o
  • the present invention has determined the above methods through a large number of experiments, taking into account the feeding habits of tilapia, the spread of shrimp disease, and current shrimp farming techniques.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • Tilapia can detect and ingest sick and dead shrimps in time, reduce the workload of removing dead shrimps from artificial patrol ponds, improve the efficiency of removing sick shrimps, and improve the success rate of breeding; (4) Using tilapia to prevent and control the outbreak of prawn disease, reducing the use of various drugs for controlling shrimp diseases. On the one hand, it is conducive to the protection of the ecological environment;
  • Tilapia itself is also an economic fish.
  • the tilapia in shrimp ponds brings greater economic benefits to shrimp farmers.
  • the normal management method of shrimp culture after training the water, put about 1. 0cm of shrimp seedlings, 5 ⁇ 100,000 per acre.
  • the "normal management method” described herein refers to the general conventional technical operation used by those skilled in the art for shrimp culture, and can be specifically referred to the instruction manual on shrimp culture.
  • the water depth of the shrimp culture pond is preferably 1. 5-2. 5 meters. Since tilapia is not suitable for survival in a water body having a salinity greater than 15, the aquaculture water body of the present invention has a salinity in the range of 0 to 15. If the salinity of the aquaculture water is greater than 15, the salinity can be controlled within the above range by adding fresh water to reduce the salinity.
  • the "salinity" as used herein means the total amount (by weight) of dissolved salts in water, expressed in parts per thousand, and is generally expressed by numerical values without using a thousandth.
  • the breeding experiment was carried out at Zhuhai Experimental Base.
  • the group C is not fed the diseased shrimp for the vaginal control. After 20 days of observation, the group B shrimp died on the 11th day of the artificial infection. The survival rate of shrimp in group A was 77%, and the survival rate in group C was 92%.
  • the experimental results show that the method according to the present invention has a significant effect on preventing prawn diseases by using tilapia.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

A biological control method for controlling prawn diseases by Tilapia comprises introducing Tilapia to a prawn culturing zone, to prevent the prawn infectious diseases and improve the survival of prawns. Through the method, the spread of prawn diseases in healthy prawn population can be prevented, thereby reducing the work load of manual removal of diseased prawns and dead prawns, improving the removal efficiency and the culture success rate, and bringing great economic benefits to a culturist.

Description

一种通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法 技术领域  Biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia
本发明涉及水产养殖领域， 具体涉及一种通过罗非鱼进行生物防控的对虾 养殖的方法。 背景技术  The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a method for prawn culture for biological control by tilapia. Background technique
对虾是我国水产养殖业的支柱品种， 近年来发展迅速， 到 2009 年养殖产量 130. 3 万吨， 产值超过 300 亿元； 出口创汇居我国水产品出口金额第一， 高达 12. 3 亿美元。 对虾养殖业已经成为我国农业产业结构调整的目标产业。  Shrimp is the mainstay of China's aquaculture industry. It has developed rapidly in recent years. By 2009, the aquaculture production was 1,330,000 tons, and the output value exceeded 30 billion yuan. The export of foreign exchange earned the first amount of aquatic products in China, reaching US$1.23 billion. Shrimp aquaculture has become the target industry for the adjustment of agricultural industry structure in China.
然而，对虾病害问题仍然是对虾养殖业发展的主要瓶颈。对虾传染性疾病的 暴发流行与对虾本身相互残食的习性有一定的关系。在对虾养殖过程中， 由于环 境条件恶化导致个别体质弱、抗病力差的对虾首先发病甚至死亡， 后者被健康个 体捕食， 从而导致传染性病原体 （细菌 /病毒） 在对虾群体内传播， 最终引起对 虾疾病暴发流行。如何及时、彻底清除对虾养殖池中的病虾成为控制对虾疾病暴 发的关键技术之一。  However, shrimp disease remains a major bottleneck in the development of the shrimp farming industry. The outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimp has a certain relationship with the habit of the shrimp itself. In the process of shrimp culture, due to the deterioration of environmental conditions, individual physiques with weak constitution and poor disease resistance firstly plague or even die. The latter are preyed by healthy individuals, resulting in the transmission of infectious pathogens (bacteria/virus) within the shrimp population. Caused the outbreak of shrimp disease. How to promptly and thoroughly remove the diseased shrimp in the shrimp culture pond has become one of the key technologies to control the outbreak of shrimp disease.
对虾病害问题仍然是对虾养殖业发展的主要瓶颈。当前解决对虾病害问题的 主要措施包括提高对虾抗病能力、改善对虾养殖环境和切断对虾疾病病原的传播 途径等几种。 但是， 自 1992年对虾白斑综合症暴发流行以来， 在世界范围内依 然没有找到一种切实可行的办法彻底防止对虾疾病的暴发流行。对虾疾病的暴发 流行已经给我国的对虾养殖业造成了严重的经济损失，据估计， 每年的经济损失 高达 30亿元。  The problem of shrimp disease remains the main bottleneck for the development of shrimp farming. The current main measures to solve the problem of shrimp disease include improving the disease resistance of shrimp, improving the environment of shrimp culture and cutting off the path of disease of shrimp disease. However, since the outbreak of white spot syndrome in 1992, there has still been no practical way to completely prevent the outbreak of shrimp disease worldwide. The outbreak of shrimp disease has caused serious economic losses to the shrimp farming industry in China. It is estimated that the annual economic loss is as high as 3 billion yuan.
清除对虾养殖池内的病虾是防止对虾疾病传播的一种方法。但是， 目前的人 工清除病虾的方法存在发现不及时、清除不彻底等的局限， 很难控制对虾传染性 疾病的暴发。此外， 业内也有一些对虾养殖模式采用了鱼虾混养的方法进行虾病 的防控。 但是， 由于对鱼类品种、 数量、 规格和投放时间的选择上不能采取正确 方法， 往往不能收到理想的效果。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于根据现有的虾类传染病传播快， 病虾的清除不彻底不及 时等问题， 提供一种提高对虾存活率的养殖方法。 Removal of diseased shrimp in shrimp culture ponds is one way to prevent the spread of shrimp disease. However, the current method of artificially removing sick shrimps has limitations such as untimely detection and incomplete removal, and it is difficult to control the outbreak of infectious diseases of shrimps. In addition, there are some shrimp farming methods in the industry that use the method of fish and shrimp polyculture to prevent and control shrimp diseases. However, due to the inability to take the right approach to the selection of fish species, quantity, size and timing, it is often not possible to achieve the desired results. Summary of the invention The object of the present invention is to provide a breeding method for improving the survival rate of shrimps according to the problems of rapid spread of shrimp infectious diseases and incomplete and untimely removal of sick shrimps.
本发明目的通过以下技术方案予以实现：  The object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
一种通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 包括如下步骤：  A biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia, comprising the following steps:
( 1 ) 在养殖虾池内投放 5〜10万尾 /亩的虾苗；  (1) placing 5 to 100,000 fish per mu of shrimp in a cultured shrimp pond;
( 2 ) 对虾养殖 20〜30日后每亩投放 300尾罗非鱼；  (2) Shrimp culture 300 tilapia per acre after 20~30 days;
( 3 ) 常规培养。  (3) Conventional culture.
作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中， 所述罗非鱼的体重为 0. 5kg 以上。 更进 一步地， 所述罗非鱼为无繁殖能力的杂交罗非鱼。 5克以上以上。 The weight of the tilapia is 0. 5k g or more. Further, the tilapia is a non-reproductive hybrid tilapia.
作为一种优选方案，上述方法中，所述养殖虾池内的水为咸淡水，盐度为 0〜 As a preferred solution, in the above method, the water in the cultured shrimp pond is brackish water, and the salinity is 0~
15。 15.
作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中， 所述虾苗为适于在盐度 0〜15 内养殖的 虾类。 更进一步地， 所述虾类为凡纳滨对虾、 斑节对虾、 中国对虾、 罗氏沼虾或 基围虾。  As a preferred embodiment, in the above method, the shrimp is a shrimp suitable for breeding in a salinity of 0 to 15. Further, the shrimps are Penaeus vannamei, P. monodon, Chinese prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii or Shrimp.
作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中 ， 所述养殖虾池内的水温度为 16〜36°C， 酸碱度为 6. 5~8. 5。  5。 The water temperature is 6.5 to 8.5 ° C.
作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中 ， 所述养殖虾池内的水溶解氧 4. Omg/L o 作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中， 所述养殖虾池内的水氨氮 0. 50mg/L。 作为一种优选方案， 上述方法中， 所述养殖虾池内的水亚硝酸氮 0. 05mg/L o  </ RTI> The water ammonia nitrogen in the cultured shrimp pond is 0. 50 mg / L. In the above method, the water in the cultured shrimp pond is 0. 50 mg / L.重量。 The water nitrite in the cultured shrimp pond 0. 05mg / L o
本发明通过大量的实验， 综合考虑了罗非鱼的食性， 以及虾病的传播力和 当前对虾养殖技术等因素， 确定了上述方法。  The present invention has determined the above methods through a large number of experiments, taking into account the feeding habits of tilapia, the spread of shrimp disease, and current shrimp farming techniques.
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有如下有益效果：  Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
( 1 )通过大量的实验证明， 杂食性的 0. 5kg以上的罗非鱼在虾类养殖池中 能摄食病、 弱、 死虾；  (1) It has been proved by a large number of experiments that tilapia with more than 0.5 kg of omnivorous food can eat sick, weak and dead shrimp in shrimp culture ponds;
( 2 ) 罗非鱼在虾池中巡游， 能先于健康虾发现并摄食到病、 弱、 死虾， 能 有较阻止健康虾摄食病虾， 从而避免虾病在健康虾群中传播流行；  (2) Tilapia swims in the shrimp pond. It can be found in healthy shrimps and eaten sick, weak, dead shrimps. It can prevent healthy shrimp from feeding sick shrimps, thus avoiding the spread of shrimp disease in healthy shrimp populations;
( 3 )罗非鱼能及时发现并摄食病死虾， 减少了人工巡塘清除病死虾的工作 量， 提高了清除病死虾的效率， 提高了养殖成功率； ( 4)利用罗非鱼防控对虾疾病的暴发流行， 减少了各种防治对虾病害药物 的使用。 一方面有利于生态环境的保护， 另一方面有利于对虾品质的提高；(3) Tilapia can detect and ingest sick and dead shrimps in time, reduce the workload of removing dead shrimps from artificial patrol ponds, improve the efficiency of removing sick shrimps, and improve the success rate of breeding; (4) Using tilapia to prevent and control the outbreak of prawn disease, reducing the use of various drugs for controlling shrimp diseases. On the one hand, it is conducive to the protection of the ecological environment;
( 5 )罗非鱼本身也是一种经济鱼类， 虾池中投放罗非鱼给养虾者带来更大 的经济效益。 (5) Tilapia itself is also an economic fish. The tilapia in shrimp ponds brings greater economic benefits to shrimp farmers.
具体实施方式 detailed description
以下结合实施例来进一步解释本发明， 但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式 的限定。  The invention is further explained by the following examples, but the examples are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
实施例  Example
1、 比照对虾养殖的正常管理方法， 培好水后， 投放 1. 0cm左右的虾苗， 每 亩 5〜10万尾。 这里所述的 "正常管理方法"是指本领域技术人员用于对虾养殖 的一般常规技术操作， 具体可参见有关对虾养殖的指导手册。对虾养殖池水深优 选为 1. 5-2. 5米。 由于罗非鱼不适于在盐度大于 15的水体中生存， 所以本发明 所述的养殖水体的盐度在 0〜15范围内。 如果养殖水体的盐度大于 15， 可用添 加淡水的方法降低盐度， 将盐度控制在上述范围内。 这里所述的 "盐度"表示水 中溶解盐类的总量（重量）， 用千分比表示， 一般不用千分号， 直接用数值表示。 该对虾养殖水体的其他理化因子： 温度优选为 16〜36°C， 酸碱度优选为 6. 5〜 8. 5， 溶解氧 4. Omg/L,氨氮 0. 50mg/L， 亚硝酸氮 0. 05mg/L。  1. According to the normal management method of shrimp culture, after training the water, put about 1. 0cm of shrimp seedlings, 5~100,000 per acre. The "normal management method" described herein refers to the general conventional technical operation used by those skilled in the art for shrimp culture, and can be specifically referred to the instruction manual on shrimp culture. The water depth of the shrimp culture pond is preferably 1. 5-2. 5 meters. Since tilapia is not suitable for survival in a water body having a salinity greater than 15, the aquaculture water body of the present invention has a salinity in the range of 0 to 15. If the salinity of the aquaculture water is greater than 15, the salinity can be controlled within the above range by adding fresh water to reduce the salinity. The "salinity" as used herein means the total amount (by weight) of dissolved salts in water, expressed in parts per thousand, and is generally expressed by numerical values without using a thousandth. The nitrous oxide 0. 05mg/L, the nitrite nitrogen 0. 05mg /L.
2、 适时投放罗非鱼。 对虾养殖到 20〜30 日左右， 对虾病害暴发前投放罗 非鱼。养殖过程中往往由于虾苗本身的原因， 在养殖前期就大规模死亡， 此前没 必要投放罗非鱼。 所以一般养殖到 20〜30 日时， 虾苗稳定后， 再投放罗非鱼； 投放的罗非鱼数量控制在 300尾 /亩左右， 由于罗非鱼为杂食性， 也能摄食一定 数量的活虾，所以不宜过量投放罗非鱼， 以免造成收成时养殖虾存活率偏小的问 题。 同时， 由于野生罗非鱼繁殖过快， 本身经济价值小， 所以应避免投放野生罗 非鱼； 由于罗非鱼生长迅速， 放养时体重达到 0. 5kg/尾即可。  2. Release tilapia at the right time. Shrimp culture is carried out until about 20 to 30 days, and tilapia is released before the outbreak of shrimp disease. In the process of breeding, due to the shrimp itself, large-scale death occurs in the early stage of breeding. It is not necessary to release tilapia before. Therefore, when the shrimp is stable for 20 to 30 days, the tilapia is released after the shrimps are stable. The number of tilapia placed is controlled at about 300/mu. Because tilapia is omnivorous, it can also feed a certain amount of live. Shrimp, so it is not advisable to overdose tilapia in order to avoid the problem of small survival rate of farmed shrimp at the time of harvest. At the same time, because wild tilapia breeds too fast, its own economic value is small, so the wild tilapia should be avoided; due to the rapid growth of tilapia, the body weight can reach 0. 5kg / tail.
在珠海实验基地进行养殖试验。 9 口实验虾池， 为 A、 B、 C三组， 每组 3 口虾池。各虾池均按 5〜 10万 /亩的密度投放凡纳滨对虾， 对虾养殖约 20日， 待 虾苗稳定后，其中 A组 3口虾池按 300尾 /亩， 体重 0. 5kg投放罗非鱼作实验组， B、 C两组共 6口虾池不投放罗非鱼。 对虾长到 7〜8cm时 A组和 B组按对虾体重 1%的量投入病虾进行人工感染，其中 B组为阳性对照， C组不投喂病虾作阴对照。 经 20天观察， B组对虾在人工感染的第 11天全部死亡。 A组对虾的存活率为 77%， C组对虾的存活率为 92%。 实验结果表明， 根据本发明的方法用罗非鱼防止对虾 病害的效果很显著。 The breeding experiment was carried out at Zhuhai Experimental Base. There are 9 experimental shrimp ponds, which are three groups of A, B and C, each with 3 shrimp ponds. 5公斤放罗罗。 Each shrimp ponds are placed at a density of 5 to 100,000 / mu to the prawn, prawn culture for about 20 days, after the shrimps are stable, a group of 3 shrimp ponds according to 300 tails / acre, weight 0. 5kg Non-fish is used as an experimental group. There are 6 shrimp ponds in the B and C groups. When the prawn grows to 7~8cm, the group A and the group B are put into the diseased shrimp according to the weight of the prawn by 1%, and the group B is the positive control. The group C is not fed the diseased shrimp for the vaginal control. After 20 days of observation, the group B shrimp died on the 11th day of the artificial infection. The survival rate of shrimp in group A was 77%, and the survival rate in group C was 92%. The experimental results show that the method according to the present invention has a significant effect on preventing prawn diseases by using tilapia.

Claims

权利要求书 Claim
1. 一种通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征在于所述方法包 括如下步骤：  A biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
( 1 ) 在养殖虾池内投放 5〜10万尾 /亩的虾苗；  (1) placing 5 to 100,000 fish per mu of shrimp in a cultured shrimp pond;
( 2 ) 对虾养殖 20〜30日后每亩投放 300尾罗非鱼；  (2) Shrimp culture 300 tilapia per acre after 20~30 days;
( 3 ) 常规培养。  (3) Conventional culture.
2. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述罗非鱼的体重为 0. 5kg以上。  The weight of the tilapia is 0.5 kg or more. The tilapia has a body weight of 0.5 kg or more.
3. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其 特征在于所述罗非鱼为无繁殖能力的杂交罗非鱼。  The biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tilapia is a non-reproductive hybrid tilapia.
4. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述养殖虾池内的水为咸淡水， 盐度为 0〜15。  The biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia according to claim 1, characterized in that the water in the cultured shrimp pond is brackish water with a salinity of 0-15.
5. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述虾苗为适于在盐度 0〜15内养殖的虾类。  The biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the shrimps are shrimps suitable for breeding in a salinity of 0 to 15.
6. 根据权利要求 5所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述虾类为凡纳滨对虾、 斑节对虾、 中国对虾、 罗氏沼虾或基围虾。  6. The biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia according to claim 5, wherein the shrimps are vannamei, pituitus, Chinese shrimp, Macrobrachium rosenbergii or shrimp.
7. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述养殖虾池内的水温度为 16〜36°C， 酸碱度为 6. 5〜8. 5。  。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。
8. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述养殖虾池内的水溶解氧 4. Omg/L o  8. The biological control method for controlling shrimp diseases by tilapia according to claim 1, characterized in that the water in the cultured shrimp pond dissolves oxygen. 4. Omg/L o
9. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特征 在于所述养殖虾池内的水氨氮 0. 50mg/L。  The method for controlling the biological control of prawn diseases by the tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the water ammonia nitrogen in the cultured shrimp pond is 0.550 mg/L.
10. 根据权利要求 1所述通过罗非鱼控制对虾病害的生物防控方法， 其特 征在于所述养殖虾池内的水亚硝酸氮 0. 05mg/L。  The method for controlling the prawn disease by the tilapia according to claim 1, wherein the nitrite nitrogen in the cultured shrimp pond is 0. 05 mg/L.
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