WO2013042779A1 - 水の蒸気圧低下剤、水の蒸気圧低下剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法、水の凍結防止剤、水の凍結防止剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法及び植物の凍結防止剤 - Google Patents
水の蒸気圧低下剤、水の蒸気圧低下剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法、水の凍結防止剤、水の凍結防止剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法及び植物の凍結防止剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013042779A1 WO2013042779A1 PCT/JP2012/074274 JP2012074274W WO2013042779A1 WO 2013042779 A1 WO2013042779 A1 WO 2013042779A1 JP 2012074274 W JP2012074274 W JP 2012074274W WO 2013042779 A1 WO2013042779 A1 WO 2013042779A1
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- vapor pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/28—Odour seals
- E03C1/294—Odour seals with provisions against loss of water lock
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/28—Odour seals
- E03C1/281—Odour seals using other sealants than water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K15/00—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change
- C09K15/04—Anti-oxidant compositions; Compositions inhibiting chemical change containing organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water vapor pressure lowering agent, a method for preventing the breakage of drainage traps using a water vapor pressure lowering agent, a water antifreezing agent, a method for preventing the drainage trap breakage using water antifreezing agents, and a plant freeze prevention. It relates to the agent.
- drain pipes such as washstands and sinks have been provided with drain traps for collecting water in order to prevent bad odors from entering the room from the sewage side and living organisms such as pests.
- drain pipes such as washstands and sinks have been provided with drain traps for collecting water in order to prevent bad odors from entering the room from the sewage side and living organisms such as pests.
- the sealed water will evaporate (drought) and bad odor will enter the room from the sewage side.
- organisms such as pests may enter the room. Therefore, in order to prevent evaporation of the sealed water, oil was poured into the sealed water to cover the water surface (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- the specific gravity of the oil is lighter than that of water, and it has a drawback that it is difficult to move the sealed water from the drain outlet side to the sewage side when thrown. Furthermore, there is a problem that the water in the drain trap freezes in cold regions, and conventionally, ethylene glycol has been used for cold regions.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a water vapor pressure reducing agent that is safe and can be easily mixed with sealed water and can be used even in cold regions.
- a first characteristic configuration of the water vapor pressure reducing agent of the present invention includes urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water, and the purified glycerol contains ethanol, fat and water, and water. Waste glycerol having carbides is purified by distillation.
- both urea and purified glycerol are well dissolved in water, and the freezing point of water can be lowered and the boiling point can be raised. Moreover, the boiling point of water can be further increased by their synergistic effect, and the vapor pressure can be decreased.
- the surfactant reduces the surface tension, and for example, the capillary phenomenon due to dirt and dust adhering to the inner peripheral wall of the drainage pipe is less likely to occur in the drainage section. The amount of evaporation of the sealed water can be suppressed.
- urea is a solid crystal at room temperature
- purified glycerol is sealed in sealed water due to its high viscosity. It is difficult to throw in, and even if it is thrown in, it is not easy to mix with the sealed water, and therefore it is difficult to lower the vapor pressure of the sealed water. On the other hand, it becomes easy to mix with sealing water by having water or alkali reduction water, and the fall of the vapor pressure of sealing water can be performed rapidly.
- refined glycerol is a product obtained by distilling and purifying waste glycerol containing ethanol, fats and oils, water, and carbides.
- waste glycerol which is generally difficult to treat as special industrial waste, can be used at low cost and discarded. Contributes to the reduction and effective use of goods.
- a surfactant purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water, in addition to the effect of lowering the vapor pressure, the freezing point can be lowered and the effect of preventing freezing of the sealed water can be expected.
- the second characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the urea is 5 to 20% by weight, the surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight, the purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight, and the remainder is mainly water or alkali reduced water. There is.
- the second characteristic configuration of the present invention when urea is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the vapor pressure, and when it is more than 20% by weight, the synergistic effect of reducing the vapor pressure by purified glycerol and urea. Is difficult to expect.
- the surfactant is less than 0.1% by weight or more than 5% by weight, it is difficult to exert the effect as the surfactant.
- the purified glycerol is less than the lower limit, the vapor pressure does not decrease sufficiently, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the viscosity becomes high, making it difficult to charge, and the ratio of the remaining water or alkaline reduced water decreases, making handling difficult. Become.
- the above urea is 5 to 20% by weight
- the surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight
- the purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight
- the remainder is mainly water or alkali reduced water. The effect of pressure reduction can be effectively exhibited.
- a third characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the water or alkali-reduced water has 20 to 80% by weight.
- the viscosity of the vapor pressure reducing agent becomes high and it becomes difficult to put it into the sealed water, and when it exceeds 80% by weight.
- the ratio of urea and purified glycerol decreases, and the effect of lowering the vapor pressure decreases.
- the fourth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the entire pH is set to 9.0 to 10.0.
- the 4th characteristic structure of this invention if the whole pH is less than 9.0, microorganisms will grow easily in the waste_water
- the purified glycerol is obtained by esterifying a plant-derived edible waste oil.
- the edible oil derived from plants has an iodine value of 120 or more, a low freezing point and a high boiling point, and the effect of reducing the vapor pressure by purified glycerol is also effective.
- a sixth characteristic configuration of the present invention is the drainage trap breakage prevention method using the water vapor pressure lowering agent of the first to fifth inventions, wherein the sealing water maintenance lower limit value in the sealed portion of the drain trap is greater than or equal to The vapor pressure reducing agent is put in such a manner that the liquid level becomes the same.
- the sixth characteristic configuration of the present invention by introducing the vapor pressure reducing agent of the present invention so that the liquid level is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the sealed water maintenance value in the sealed portion of the drain trap, Even in the absence of water, the evaporation of water can be suppressed to maintain a liquid level equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the sealed water, and bad smell from the sewage side can be prevented from entering the room.
- a seventh characteristic configuration of the present invention even if a vaporized component in the vapor pressure reducing agent is vaporized, an amount of the purified glycerol remaining above the sealed water retention lower limit value in the sealed water portion of the drain trap is ensured.
- the mixing ratio of the purified glycerol in the vapor pressure reducing agent is set, and the vapor pressure reducing agent is put into the sealed portion of the drain trap.
- the purified glycerol is sealed in the sealed portion even if vaporized components such as water in the sealed water evaporate after the vapor pressure reducing agent of the present invention is put into the sealed water. Since the amount remaining above the maintenance lower limit value is secured, it is possible to prevent the bad smell from entering the indoor side from the sewage side, and the indoor environment can be well maintained.
- the antifreezing agent for water in the eighth characteristic configuration of the present invention includes urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water, and the purified glycerol contains ethanol, fat, water, and carbide. Distilled and purified waste glycerol having
- both urea and purified glycerol are well dissolved in water, and the freezing point of water can be lowered and the boiling point can be raised. Moreover, the boiling point of water can be further increased by their synergistic effect, and the vapor pressure can be decreased.
- the surfactant reduces the surface tension, and for example, the capillary phenomenon due to dirt and dust adhering to the inner peripheral wall of the drainage pipe is less likely to occur in the drainage section. The amount of evaporation of the sealed water can be suppressed.
- urea is a solid crystal at room temperature
- purified glycerol is poured into sealed water because of its high viscosity. It is difficult to mix with the sealed water even if it is added, and therefore it is difficult to lower the vapor pressure of the sealed water. On the other hand, it becomes easy to mix with sealing water by having water or alkali reduction water, and the fall of the vapor pressure of sealing water can be performed rapidly.
- refined glycerol is a product obtained by distilling and purifying waste glycerol containing ethanol, fats and oils, water, and carbides.
- waste glycerol which is generally difficult to treat as special industrial waste, can be used at low cost and discarded. Contributes to the reduction and effective use of goods. Therefore, by having urea, surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkaline reduced water, the vapor pressure is lowered and the sealing function in the drain trap is maintained for a long period of time. In addition, the freezing point depression can be demonstrated and the effect of preventing the freezing of the sealed water can be expected, and the drainage trap can be prevented from being damaged regardless of the temperature change.
- the urea is 5 to 20% by weight
- the surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight
- the purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight
- the remainder is mainly water or alkali reduced water.
- the ninth feature of the present invention when urea is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to sufficiently reduce the vapor pressure, and when it is more than 20% by weight, the synergistic effect of the decrease in vapor pressure by purified glycerol and urea. Is difficult to expect.
- the surfactant is less than 0.1% by weight or more than 5% by weight, it is difficult to exert the effect as the surfactant.
- the purified glycerol is less than the lower limit, the vapor pressure does not decrease sufficiently, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the viscosity becomes high, making it difficult to charge, and the ratio of the remaining water or alkaline reduced water decreases, making handling difficult. Become.
- the above urea is 5 to 20% by weight
- the surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight
- the purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight
- the remainder is mainly water or alkali reduced water. Breakage due to freezing in the drain trap can be prevented while maintaining the sealing function by exerting a pressure lowering effect.
- a tenth characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the water or alkali reduced water has 20 to 80%.
- the eleventh characteristic configuration of the present invention is that the overall pH is 9.0 to 10.0.
- the eleventh characteristic configuration of the present invention if the total pH is less than 9.0, microorganisms are likely to grow in the drainage of the sealed water to be added, and if it exceeds 10.0, the microorganism film in the pipe is killed. There is a risk that the detached microbial membrane floats on the water surface and impairs the aesthetic appearance, and the treatment of the downstream septic tank is deteriorated. Therefore, the water state in the sealed water can be well maintained by adjusting the pH to 9.0 to 10.0.
- the purified glycerol is obtained by esterifying a vegetable-derived edible waste oil.
- the edible oil derived from plants has an iodine value of 120 or more, a low freezing point and a high boiling point, and the freezing point lowering action by purified glycerol is also effective.
- the method for preventing the breakage of the drain trap in which the anti-freezing agent is charged is the anti-freezing agent so that the liquid level is equal to or higher than the lower limit of the sealed water retention in the sealed portion of the drain trap. Is in place.
- the antifreezing agent of the present invention is introduced so that the liquid level is equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the sealed water retention in the sealed portion of the drain trap. Even if it is absent, it is possible to suppress evaporation of water and maintain a liquid level equal to or higher than the lower limit value of the sealed water, and prevent bad smell from the sewage side from entering the room.
- the fourteenth characteristic configuration of the present invention is such that, even when the vaporized component in the antifreeze agent is vaporized, the purified glycerol remains in an amount that remains above the sealed water retention lower limit in the sealed water portion of the drain trap, The mixing ratio of the purified glycerol in the antifreezing agent is set, and the antifreezing agent is put into the sealed portion of the drain trap.
- the purified glycerol maintains the sealed water in the sealed portion even if vaporized components such as water in the sealed water evaporate after the antifreezing agent of the present invention is put into the sealed water. Since the amount remaining above the lower limit is ensured, bad smell from the sewage side can be prevented from entering the indoor side, and the indoor environment can be maintained well.
- the fifteenth plant anti-freezing agent of the present invention has urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water, and the purified glycerol contains ethanol, fat, water, and carbide. Distilled and purified waste glycerol having
- urea and purified glycerol can be dissolved well in water to lower the freezing point of water, respectively, and furthermore, the freezing point of water in the plant can be lowered by their synergistic effect.
- purified glycerol is obtained by distilling and purifying waste glycerol, and waste glycerol, which is generally difficult to treat as special industrial waste, can be used at low cost, contributing to reduction and effective use of waste.
- the fats and carbides contained in the purified glycerol increase the hydrophilicity by the surfactant and reduce the surface tension, thereby improving the wettability to the plant and making it easier to stay without spilling, preventing freezing The effect can be sustained.
- the present invention when it is put into the drain trap, it is easily mixed with the whole sealed water. Furthermore, it does not easily evaporate and ensures a sealing effect over a long period of time. In particular, in a cold region, the vapor pressure is sufficiently reduced so that it does not freeze and the safety is high. Moreover, freezing can be prevented by reducing the vapor pressure as the central heating refrigerant (water).
- the water vapor pressure reducing agent 5 according to the present invention contains urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water.
- the urea has a surface activity of 5 to 20% by weight. It consists of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the agent, 10 to 80% by weight of purified glycerol, and the remainder mainly composed of water or alkaline reduced water.
- the purified glycerol is desirably obtained by distillation purification (generation) of waste glycerol containing ethanol, fats and oils, and carbides.
- Waste glycerol is a vegetable-derived edible waste oil (iodine number is 120 or higher and has a high boiling point. For example, in the case of soybean oil, the iodine value is 124 to 139), and biodiesel fuel (abbreviation: BDF) is purified. It is a by-product (black unnecessary), and the melting point of pure glycerin is -8 ° C to -7 ° C, which is lower than that of 17.8 ° C. It is something that is in trouble. In other words, unnecessary waste can be reused (recycled) by making use of the above characteristics, thereby contributing to reduction of waste and effective use.
- BDF biodiesel fuel
- the purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 50 to 75% by weight. If it is less than the lower limit value (the vapor pressure is not sufficiently reduced), the water evaporates quickly from the mixed sealing liquid 10 shown in FIG. 2 and is easily frozen, making it unusable for practical use in cold regions. If the upper limit is exceeded, there is a risk of ignition (combustion). In addition, if the upper limit is exceeded, the viscosity may increase, and may settle and accumulate in the lower part of the drain trap T. Further, purified glycerol lowers the freezing point and raises the boiling point.
- Urea has a weak sterilizing power and has a boiling point of 135 ° C. and a component ratio of 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight. If it is less than the lower limit value (the vapor pressure is not sufficiently reduced), the water evaporates from the mixed sealing liquid 10 quickly and easily freezes, making it unusable for practical use in cold regions. If the upper limit is exceeded, purified glycerol and urea react to form a coagulum. That is, since waste glycerol contains oil and fat and it is difficult to completely remove it even by distillation purification, a small amount of oil and fat contained in the purified glycerol reacts with urea to solidify and become cloudy. Moreover, the freezing point can be lowered (hard to freeze) by urea and purified glycerol, and an effect as an antifreezing agent is obtained.
- the surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight, and more preferably 2 to 4% by weight.
- the surface tension is lowered by the surfactant.
- the surfactant is preferably, for example, an alkaline detergent (manufactured by “Smart Wash” Co., Ltd. Smart).
- the freezing point of purified glycerol is about ⁇ 120 ° C., but since water or electrolytic alkaline ionized water is added to this, the freezing point rises, and the freezing point is set to ⁇ 40 ° C. to ⁇ 25 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably -40 ° C to -35 ° C, more preferably -40 ° C to -38 ° C.
- the “main” of “mainly water (or alkali-reduced water)” means that the remaining liquid, excluding purified glycerol, urea, and surfactant, is 100% by weight. 100% by weight means water (or alkali-reduced water).
- the alkaline reduced water is also called electrolytic alkaline ionized water or electrolytic alkaline reduced water.
- the curve A when the sealed water is replaced with 90% of the water and used as the mixed sealed liquid 10 is 16 cc or less in about 360 days or more due to the reduction of the evaporation component, and the lower limit of the sealed water maintenance
- the water level is below the lower limit water level L of 17 cc, the water seal is broken, and bad odor from the sewage side is released into the room.
- the pH value of the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 is set to 9.0 to 10.0. More preferably, it is 9.5 to 10.0. By making it alkaline, the effect of suppressing the growth of various bacteria is exhibited.
- the pH value may be adjusted with a pH adjuster or the like in consideration of the environment for microorganisms in the septic tank.
- the specific gravity is 1.00 to 1.10, preferably 1.01 to 1.09, and more preferably 1.07 to 1.09. In other words, by making the specific gravity slightly heavier (larger) than water, it is possible to prevent the upper portion of the sealing water W from being biased like a supernatant liquid and to mix well with the sealing water W closer to the sewage side. Yes.
- the boiling point at atmospheric pressure is set to 120 ° C. to 130 ° C. More preferably, the temperature is set to 125 ° C to 130 ° C. In addition, there is no flash point or ignition point, and safety is high.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the sealing liquid 10 (in the case of the mixed sealing liquid 10 with the concentration of this agent being 50%). The horizontal axis indicates the day, and the vertical axis indicates the capacity (cc).
- FIG. 3 shows a case where 100% water is used as a 100 cc sealed water W (when the concentration of this agent is 0%). All are room temperature 27 degreeC. As shown in FIG. 3, with just water, it evaporates and disappears in 12.5 to 13 days. On the other hand, in the example (experimental example) shown in FIG. 4, 58 cc remains even after 540 days, and it is understood that about 40-50 cc of water should be replenished once every 10 months.
- FIG. 5 shows a case where 30 cc of this agent and 50 cc of water are mixed into an S-shaped drain trap T as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 to obtain a mixed sealing liquid 10 of 80 cc (the concentration of this agent). It is the experimental result which filled the thing of (when it is 38%).
- the horizontal axis indicates the day, and the vertical axis indicates the capacity (cc).
- 40 cc remains even after 540 days, and it is understood that the drain trap T may be replenished with about 40 to 50 cc of water once every 10 months.
- FIG. 7 shows that, for a bell-shaped drain trap T ′ having a maximum filling amount of 200 cc, 30 cc of this agent and 170 cc of water are mixed to give a mixed sealing liquid 10 of 200 cc (the concentration of this agent is 15%). It is the experimental result which filled it.
- FIG. 8 shows that a bell-shaped drain trap T ′ having a maximum filling amount of 350 cc is mixed with 30 cc of this agent and 320 cc of water to obtain a mixed sealing liquid 10 of 350 cc (the concentration of this agent is 8.5%). ), And the experimental results of filling it. 7 and 8, the horizontal axis represents the day, and the vertical axis represents the volume (cc) of the mixed sealing liquid.
- the present invention also exhibits an excellent function and effect for suppressing evaporation.
- the mixed sealing liquid 10 with the maximum filling amount of the drain traps T and T ′ (sealing water) is 100%
- the concentration of the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 is As shown in FIG. 1, it is desirable to add to sealed water W as shown in FIG. 1 so as to be 5 to 90%, preferably 8 to 70%.
- the amount is less than the lower limit, the amount of evaporation is large, and there is a possibility that the drainage traps T and T ′ will be less than the minimum filling amount that exhibits the deodorizing and insect-proofing effect (sealing water) before 10 months have passed. Further, if the upper limit is exceeded, a sufficient evaporation reduction effect can be obtained, but a large difference cannot be obtained from the case where the concentration is set to the maximum value within the above numerical range, so that the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 is wasted. Because.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show the results of experiments on the freezing property (ease of freezing) of this drug.
- FIG. 9 shows an experiment in which the mixed sealing liquid 10 obtained by mixing 25 cc of this drug and 75 cc of water (4-fold dilution, concentration 25%, liquid temperature 25 ° C.) is left in a room (freezer room) at ⁇ 22 ° C. It is the result.
- FIG. 10 shows the results of an experiment in which the mixed sealing liquid 10 obtained by mixing 50 cc of this agent and 50 cc of water (double dilution, concentration 50%, liquid temperature 25 ° C.) was left in a room at ⁇ 22 ° C. . 9 and 10, the horizontal axis represents time (minutes), and the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.).
- the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 of the present invention may be used by putting it in a toilet bowl. Moreover, it is also free to contain a disinfectant slightly as a component. Moreover, you may use for the refrigerant
- the water vapor pressure reducing agent of the present invention has urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water.
- a surfactant purified glycerol
- water or alkali-reduced water In the ground, it can be used safely without freezing. Furthermore, it is difficult to evaporate and does not drought over a long period of time. For example, replenishment once every 10 months is sufficient. Furthermore, if it puts into a trap etc., it will mix with the sealing water W easily and naturally.
- the present invention can be widely used for central heating refrigerant (water) and other freeze prevention, and can be applied to a wide range of applications in cold regions.
- urea is 5 to 20% by weight, surfactant is 0.1 to 5% by weight, purified glycerol is 10 to 80% by weight, and the remainder is mainly water or alkaline reduced water
- Vapor pressure is sufficiently reduced, so it can be used safely in cold regions without freezing.
- drain trap T, T 'etc. it will mix with the sealing water W easily and naturally.
- there is no risk of ignition no sedimentation occurs under the drain traps T and T ′, and solidified substances are not easily generated.
- the present invention can also be applied to cold regions where the temperature is about ⁇ 35 ° C.
- purified glycerol is obtained by distilling and purifying waste glycerol containing ethanol, fats and oils, water, and carbides, there is an advantage that waste glycerol that is currently in need of a large amount of processing can be effectively reused.
- a vapor pressure reducing agent 5 will be described as an example of a method for preventing a drain trap from being broken.
- the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 is introduced so that the liquid level Ws is equal to or higher than the sealed water maintenance lower limit value in the sealed portion Ts of the S-shaped drain trap T.
- the liquid level Ws ′ (the one-dot chain line in the figure) of the sealing liquid 10 is below the upper part Tu of the curved part Tc in the sealing part Ts. Since the gap G is formed between the upper portion Tu and the liquid level Ws ′, the sealing function is not exhibited.
- the vapor of the vapor pressure reducing agent 5 is previously vaporized so as to ensure an amount of purified glycerol remaining above the lower limit of the sealed water maintenance in the sealed portion Ts of the drain trap T.
- a mixing ratio of purified glycerol in the pressure reducing agent 5 may be set.
- the present invention can also be used as an antifreezing agent for plants.
- urea and purified glycerol are well soluble in water by having urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkaline reduced water.
- the freezing point of water can be lowered and the freezing point of water in plants can be lowered by their synergistic effect, and the surface tension can be increased by increasing the hydrophilicity of the oils and carbides in the purified glycerol with surfactants. Therefore, the wettability with respect to a plant is improved and it becomes easy to stay without flowing out, and the antifreezing effect can be maintained.
- the present invention can also be used as a plant depletion prevention agent.
- a surfactant for example, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water
- the characteristics as a vapor pressure reducing agent are utilized.
- the evaporation of the supplied water can be suppressed, and the combination of a surfactant and purified glycerol can increase the wettability with water and exert a water retention effect. Therefore, the plant can be prevented from withering due to water shortage.
- the present invention can also be used as an antifreezing agent (antifreeze) for roads and the like.
- antifreezing agent antifreeze
- both urea and purified glycerol can be obtained by having urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkaline reduced water. It dissolves well in water and lowers the freezing point of water, respectively, and further, the freezing point of water on the road surface can be lowered by their synergistic effect.
- This anti-freezing agent (antifreeze) is sprayed on road surfaces such as parking lots, airfield runways and parking lots in addition to paved or unpaved road surfaces to prevent freezing of these road surfaces.
- it can also be used as an antifreezing agent for soil in sports fields, farms, etc., and it can also be used as an antifreezing agent for lawns in golf courses and parks. It is. Furthermore, it can be used as an anti-icing (anti-icing, de-icing) agent for ice and snow on the road surface and soil.
- the present invention can also be used as an antifreeze for articles, in which case urea and purified glycerol are well soluble in water by having urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkaline reduced water.
- urea and purified glycerol are well soluble in water by having urea, a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkaline reduced water.
- the antifreezing agent for articles is, for example, sprayed on window glass, wall surfaces, roofs, road signs, signboards and the like of houses and buildings to prevent freezing of the surfaces of these articles.
- the present invention can also be used as a heat medium liquid (heat storage agent) for floor heating, ice regenerators, and the like.
- a heat medium liquid heat storage agent
- the heat medium liquid stored in the heating tank is heated by a heater or the like, and the heated heat medium liquid is radiated while circulating under the floor.
- urea a surfactant, purified glycerol, and water or alkali-reduced water
- the specific heat is relatively good and the fluidity is high.
Abstract
Description
そこで、本発明は、安全で、封水と混合しやすく寒冷地でも使用可能な水の蒸気圧低下剤の提供を目的とする。
また、界面活性剤は、表面張力を低下させ、例えば排水部において排水管内周壁に付着している汚れやゴミによる毛細管現象が発生しにくくなり、そのために、排水トラップにおける封水の吸い上げが抑制され、封水の蒸発量を抑えることができる。
また、蒸気圧を低下させるのに、主に尿素と精製グリセロールに対して水が存在しない場合には、尿素は常温では固体の結晶で、しかも、精製グリセロールは高粘度のために、封水に投入するのが困難で、たとえ投入してもその封水に簡単には混ざりにくく、そのために封水の蒸気圧を低下させにくい。これに対し、水又はアルカリ還元水を有することにより、簡単に封水に混ざりやすくなり、封水の蒸気圧の低下を迅速に行える。
その上、精製グリセロールは、エタノールと油脂と水と炭化物を有する廃グリセロールを蒸留精製したものであるために、一般的に特別産業廃棄物として処理に困っている廃グリセロールを安価に利用でき、廃棄物の削減及び有効利用に貢献できる。
尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有することにより、蒸気圧低下の効果以外に、凝固点降下も発揮して封水の凍結防止の効果も期待できる。
界面活性剤は、0.1重量%より少なかったり、5重量%より多かった場合には、その界面活性剤としての効果が発揮できにくくなる。
精製グリセロールは、下限値未満では蒸気圧が十分低下せず、上限値より多くなると粘度が高くなって投入が困難になり、残りの水又はアルカリ還元水の割合が減少して、取扱が困難になる。
従って、上記の前記尿素を5~20重量%、前記界面活性剤を0.1~5重量%、前記精製グリセロールを10~80重量%、残りを主として水又はアルカリ還元水にすることにより、蒸気圧低下の作用を効果的に発揮できる。
従って、pHを9.0~10.0にすることにより封水中の水の状態を良好に維持できる。
また、界面活性剤は、表面張力を低下させ、例えば排水部において排水管内周壁に付着している汚れやゴミによる毛細管現象が発生しにくくなり、そのために、排水トラップにおける封水の吸い上げが抑制され、封水の蒸発量を抑えることができる。
また、蒸気圧を低下させるのに、主に尿素と精製グリセロールに対して水が存在しない場合には、尿素は常温では固体の結晶で、精製グリセロールは高粘度のために、封水に投入するのが困難で、たとえ投入してもその封水に簡単には混ざりにくく、そのために封水の蒸気圧を低下させにくい。これに対し、水又はアルカリ還元水を有することにより、簡単に封水に混ざりやすくなり、封水の蒸気圧の低下を迅速に行える。
その上、精製グリセロールは、エタノールと油脂と水と炭化物を有する廃グリセロールを蒸留精製したものであるために、一般的に特別産業廃棄物として処理に困っている廃グリセロールを安価に利用でき、廃棄物の削減及び有効利用に貢献できる。
従って、尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有することにより、蒸気圧を低下させて排水トラップにおける封水機能を長期に維持しながら、蒸気圧低下の効果以外に、凝固点降下も発揮して封水の凍結防止の効果も期待でき、気温の変動にかかわらず排水トラップの破損も防止できる。
界面活性剤は、0.1重量%より少なかったり、5重量%より多かった場合には、その界面活性剤としての効果が発揮できにくくなる。
精製グリセロールは、下限値未満では蒸気圧が十分低下せず、上限値より多くなると粘度が高くなって投入が困難になり、残りの水又はアルカリ還元水の割合が減少して、取扱が困難になる。
従って、上記の前記尿素を5~20重量%、前記界面活性剤を0.1~5重量%、前記精製グリセロールを10~80重量%、残りを主として水又はアルカリ還元水にすることにより、蒸気圧低下作用を発揮して封水機能を維持しながら排水トラップにおける凍結による破損を防止できる。
従って、pHを9.0~10.0にすることにより封水中の水の状態を良好に維持できる。
その上、精製グリセロール中に有する油脂や炭化物を、界面活性剤により親水性を上げて表面張力を低下させ、そのために、植物に対する濡れ性を向上させて流出せずに滞在させやすくなり、凍結防止効果を持続させることができる。
図1に示すように、この排水トラップTの開口側から投入すれば、自然に封水W全体と混合されて図2に示すように混合封水液10となる。
本発明に係る水の蒸気圧低下剤5は、尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水と、を含み、具体的には、尿素を5~20重量%、界面活性剤を0.1~5重量%、精製グリセロールを10~80重量%、残りを主として水又はアルカリ還元水とした成分から成る。
廃グリセロールは、植物由来の食用廃油(ヨウ素価が120以上で沸点も高い。例えば、大豆油の場合は、ヨウ素価124~139である)をエステル化してバイオディーゼルフューエル(略称:BDF)を精製する際の副産物(黒色の不要物)であり、純粋なグリセリンの融点が17.8℃であるのに比べ、-8℃~-7℃と低く、凍結しにくいが、現在、特別産業廃棄物として処理に困っているものである。つまり、不要な廃棄物をその上記特性を生かして再利用(リサイクル)でき、廃棄物の削減、及び、有効利用に貢献できる。
また、尿素及び精製グリセロールにより凝固点を低く(凍りにくく)でき、凍結防止剤としての効果を得ている。
界面活性剤は、例えば、アルカリ性洗剤(「スマートウォッシュ」株式会社スマート製)とするのが好ましい。
アルカリ還元水とした場合は、水の場合に比べて、排水管2の劣化(酸化)を抑制できる。
なお、「残りを主として水(又はアルカリ還元水)とした」の「主」とは、精製グリセロールと、尿素と、界面活性剤と、を除いた残り液体を100重量%とすると、その95~100重量%が、水(又はアルカリ還元水)であることを意味する。例えば、上記残りの液体が、全て水(又はアルカリ還元水)の場合や、水(又はアルカリ還元水)以外に色素、香料、除菌剤等が夫々0.1~5重量%含まれている場合、を意味する。
なお、アルカリ還元水は、電解アルカリイオン水や電解アルカリ還元水とも呼ばれるものである。
つまり、図11に示すS型排水トラップTの封水部において、オーバーフロー水位Hまで水が充満(80cc)している時に、約11日で蒸発してしまう(図12)のに対し、図13に示すグラフによると、封水を水90%の本剤と入れ替えて混合封水液10とした場合の曲線Aは、蒸発成分の減量により約360日以上で16cc以下になり、封水維持下限値の水量17ccの下限水位L以下になり、水封が破られ下水側からの悪臭が室内に放出される。
これに対し、混合封水液10が水80%の本剤と入れ替えた場合の曲線Bは、約360日以上で蒸発成分の減量により17ccを超えて一定となり、封水は維持され、水75%の本剤と入れ替えた場合の曲線Cは、約360日以上で蒸発成分の減量により40ccになり一定となる。
従って、本剤中の水の割合は80%が最大である。
また、比重は1.00~1.10としている、好ましくは、1.01~1.09であり、より好ましくは、1.07~1.09としている。つまり、水に比べて、比重を僅かに重く(大きく)することで、封水Wの上部に上澄み液のように大きく偏るのを防止し、下水側寄りの封水Wともよく混ざるようにしている。
また、大気圧での沸点を120℃~130℃とする。より好ましくは、125℃~130℃とする。また、引火点及び発火点は無く安全性が高い。
図3に示すように、単なる水のみでは、12.5~13日で蒸発して無くなる。これに対し、図4に示した実施例(実験例)では、540日掛っても58ccが残り、10ヶ月に1度、約40~50cc程度の水を補充すれば良いことが分かる。
図7は、最大充填量が200ccの釣鐘型排水トラップT’に対して、本剤30ccと水170ccとを混合して200ccの混合封水液10とし(本剤の濃度を15%とし)、それを充填した実験結果である。
図8は、最大充填量が350ccの釣鐘型排水トラップT’に対して、本剤30ccと水320ccとを混合して350ccの混合封水液10とし(本剤の濃度を8.5%とし)、それを充填した実験結果である。なお、図7,8において、横軸は日を、縦軸は混合封水液の容量(cc)を示す。
また、図8で明らかなように、300日~330日(約10ヶ月)で約150ccが残り、10ヶ月に1度、約200cc程度の水を補充すれば良いことが分かる。
また、実際に使用する際(蒸気圧低下方法)としては、排水トラップT,T’の(封水)最大充填量の混合封水液10を100%とすると、蒸気圧低下剤5の濃度が5~90%になるように、好ましくは8%~70%となるように、図1に示すように(予め溜まっている)封水Wに投入するのが望ましい。下限値未満であると、蒸発する量が多く、投入後10ヶ月になる前に、排水トラップT,T’が防臭や防虫効果を発揮する(封水)最小充填量未満となる虞がある。また、上限値を越えると、蒸発低下効果は十分に得られるが、濃度を上記数値範囲内の最大値とした場合と大きな差が得られないため、蒸気圧低下剤5が無駄になってしまうからである。
図9は、本剤25ccと水75ccを混合した(4倍希釈、濃度25%、液温25℃)の混合封水液10を、-22℃の室内(冷凍室)に放置した場合について実験した結果である。
図10は、本剤50ccと水50ccを混合した(2倍希釈、濃度50%、液温25℃)の混合封水液10を、-22℃の室内に放置した場合について実験した結果である。なお、図9,10の横軸は時間(分)を、縦軸は温度(℃)を示す。
このように、本剤の濃度が濃い方が、凝固点が低く、また、凝固するまでの時間を長くするような(凍結までの時間を遅らせるような)凍結抑制作用が得られることから、本発明が優れた凍結抑制作用効果を有することは明らかである。
なお、季節や排水トラップT,T’の形状や大きさによって、多少、凍結性に差を生ずる。
さらに、蒸発しにくく長期間にわたって渇水せず、例えば、10ヶ月に1度の補給で十分である。さらに、排水トラップT,T’等に投入すると、簡単かつ自然に、封水Wと混合する。しかも、引火の危険性もなく、排水トラップT,T’の下部へ沈澱することもなく、凝固物も生じにくい。特に、-35℃程度にもなる寒冷地にも適用可能となる。
図11に示すように、S字型排水トラップTの封水部Tsにおいて封水維持下限値以上の液面Wsになるように蒸気圧低下剤5を投入する。封水液10の液面Wsが封水維持下限値未満であると、封水液10の液面Ws’(同図中の一点鎖線)が封水部Tsにおける湾曲部Tcの上部Tuより下方に位置することとなり、この上部Tuと液面Ws’との間に隙間Gが生じるため、封水機能が発揮されない。
1.本発明は、植物の凍結防止剤としても利用でき、この場合に、尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有することにより、尿素も精製グリセロールも水によく溶けて、夫々水の凝固点を下げ、しかもそれらの相乗効果により植物中の水分の凝固点を低下させることができると共に、精製グリセロール中に有する油脂や炭化物を、界面活性剤により親水性を上げて表面張力を低下させ、そのために、植物に対する濡れ性を向上させて流出せずに滞在させやすくなり、凍結防止効果を持続させることができる。
5 蒸気圧低下剤
10 混合封水液
W 封水
T U字型の排水トラップ
T’ 釣鐘型の排水トラップ
Claims (15)
- 尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有し、
前記精製グリセロールは、エタノールと油脂と水と炭化物を有する廃グリセロールを蒸留精製したものである水の蒸気圧低下剤。 - 前記尿素を5~20重量%、前記界面活性剤を0.1~5重量%、前記精製グリセロールを10~80重量%、残りを主として水又はアルカリ還元水とした請求項1記載の水の蒸気圧低下剤。
- 前記水又はアルカリ還元水を20~80重量%有する請求項1又は2に記載の水の蒸気圧低下剤。
- 全体のpHを9.0~10.0とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水の蒸気圧低下剤。
- 前記精製グリセロールは、植物由来の食用廃油をエステル化して精製したものである請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水の蒸気圧低下剤。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の水の蒸気圧低下剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法であって、
前記排水トラップの封水部における封水維持下限値以上の液面になるように前記蒸気圧低下剤を投入する排水トラップの破封防止方法。 - 前記蒸気圧低下剤における気化成分が気化しても前記精製グリセロールが前記排水トラップの封水部における前記封水維持下限値以上残存する量を確保するように、前記蒸気圧低下剤中の前記精製グリセロールの混合割合を設定して、前記排水トラップの封水部に前記蒸気圧低下剤を投入する請求項6に記載の排水トラップの破封防止方法。
- 尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有し、
前記精製グリセロールは、エタノールと油脂と水と炭化物を有する廃グリセロールを蒸留精製したものである水の凍結防止剤。 - 前記尿素を5~20重量%、前記界面活性剤を0.1~5重量%、前記精製グリセロールを10~80重量%、残りを主として水又はアルカリ還元水とした請求項8記載の水の凍結防止剤。
- 前記水又はアルカリ還元水を20~80重量%有する請求項8又は9に記載の水の凍結防止剤。
- 全体のpHを9.0~10.0とする請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の水の凍結防止剤。
- 前記精製グリセロールは、植物由来の食用廃油をエステル化して精製したものである請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の水の凍結防止剤。
- 請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の水の凍結防止剤による排水トラップの破封防止方法であって、
前記排水トラップの封水部における封水維持下限値以上の液面になるように前記凍結防止剤を投入する排水トラップの破封防止方法。 - 前記凍結防止剤における気化成分が気化しても前記精製グリセロールが前記排水トラップの封水部における前記封水維持下限値以上残存する量を確保するように、前記凍結防止剤中の前記精製グリセロールの混合割合を設定して、前記排水トラップの封水部に前記凍結防止剤を投入する請求項13に記載の排水トラップの破封防止方法。
- 尿素と、界面活性剤と、精製グリセロールと、水又はアルカリ還元水とを有し、
前記精製グリセロールは、エタノールと油脂と水と炭化物を有する廃グリセロールを蒸留精製したものである植物の凍結防止剤。
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CN102311485B (zh) * | 2010-06-30 | 2015-01-14 | 上海市第一人民医院 | 一种具有抑制新生血管作用的多肽及其应用 |
CN107208842A (zh) * | 2014-10-10 | 2017-09-26 | 红叶资源公司 | 气体围闭系统 |
JP2017082059A (ja) * | 2015-10-26 | 2017-05-18 | 斎 岩間 | 融雪剤 |
CN107217708A (zh) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-29 | 中国三冶集团有限公司 | 一种食品冷库加热型外排水装置及其使用方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2759644A1 (en) | 2014-07-30 |
CN105086941A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
CA2938676A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
KR101645339B1 (ko) | 2016-08-04 |
JP5032695B1 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
CN103814177B (zh) | 2016-03-09 |
US9353510B2 (en) | 2016-05-31 |
KR20150098243A (ko) | 2015-08-27 |
EP2759644A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
CA2847583C (en) | 2017-01-03 |
US20160272866A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
KR20140047156A (ko) | 2014-04-21 |
KR101627687B1 (ko) | 2016-06-07 |
CN103814177A (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
CA2847583A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
JP2013067990A (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
US20140216561A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
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