WO2013023366A1 - 制动阀组、具有该制动阀组的液压系统和混凝土布料机 - Google Patents

制动阀组、具有该制动阀组的液压系统和混凝土布料机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013023366A1
WO2013023366A1 PCT/CN2011/078500 CN2011078500W WO2013023366A1 WO 2013023366 A1 WO2013023366 A1 WO 2013023366A1 CN 2011078500 W CN2011078500 W CN 2011078500W WO 2013023366 A1 WO2013023366 A1 WO 2013023366A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
valve
oil
pressure
passage
brake
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2011/078500
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
丁雪峰
郭岗
郭嘉博
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Changsha Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Changsha Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd, Changsha Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co Ltd filed Critical Hunan Zoomlion Special Vehicle Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2011/078500 priority Critical patent/WO2013023366A1/zh
Publication of WO2013023366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013023366A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B1/00Installations or systems with accumulators; Supply reservoir or sump assemblies
    • F15B1/02Installations or systems with accumulators
    • F15B1/027Installations or systems with accumulators having accumulator charging devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/21Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge
    • F15B2211/212Systems with pressure sources other than pumps, e.g. with a pyrotechnical charge the pressure sources being accumulators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3105Neutral or centre positions
    • F15B2211/3111Neutral or centre positions the pump port being closed in the centre position, e.g. so-called closed centre

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a brake valve group, and to a hydraulic system and a concrete cloth apparatus having the brake valve group.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION At present, the boom of a concrete pump truck and a distributing machine is rotated by a hydraulic turning speed reducer and a swing support. The hydraulic rotary reducer is driven by a hydraulic motor. The hydraulic swing reducer itself has a brake. Depending on whether the brake is in the braking state during the stop, the brake can be divided into two types, normally open and normally closed. Normally open brakes operate on spring release and hydraulically loaded brakes.
  • the hydraulic system is required to provide pressurized oil into the brake to overcome the spring force and brake the brake.
  • Normally closed brakes operate on spring loaded brakes and hydraulic release.
  • the brake is braked and the boom cannot be rotated.
  • the hydraulic system is required to provide pressurized oil into the brake to overcome the spring force and release the brake.
  • the hydraulic rotary reducer installed in the concrete pump truck has a normally closed brake.
  • the hydraulic rotary reducer brakes used in most concrete spreaders are also normally closed.
  • FIG. 1 is a prior art tower concrete spreader 1 Schematic diagram of the structure.
  • the hydraulic actuator includes a climbing cylinder 8, a hydraulic swing reducer 10, and three boom cylinders 2, 4, 6.
  • 2 is a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system of a prior art tower type concrete distributing machine, in which some load holding and motion control valves (such as a balancing valve, a working oil line installed on a cylinder and a motor) and other hydraulic auxiliary components are omitted. This does not affect the analysis of the system.
  • some load holding and motion control valves such as a balancing valve, a working oil line installed on a cylinder and a motor
  • the hydraulic swing reducer 10 includes a hydraulic motor 12 and a normally open brake 14. Since the tower type concrete distributing machine is an aerial working machine, a normally open hydraulic turning speed reducer is arranged, so that the arm frame can rotate with the wind after the stop.
  • an oil pump 16 is used to realize the telescopic movement of each cylinder of the distributor, the rotation of the hydraulic motor 12 of the rotary reduction gear, and the braking of the normally open brake 14 of the rotary reduction gear.
  • the solution relies on the back pressure generated by a throttle valve 22 on the return line to achieve the oil pressure required to brake the reducer. When the machine is working, there are three working conditions:
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 18 When the boom of the distributing machine needs to be rotated, the electromagnetic reversing valve 18 is energized, the electromagnetic reversing valve 20 is de-energized, and the oil port of the brake 14 passes through the electromagnetic reversing valve 20 and the throttle valve 22 to communicate with the fuel tank. The pressure in the brake 14 is unloaded, and the brake 14 is released by its own spring force. At the same time, the electromagnetic reversing valve 24 is energized to rotate the hydraulic motor 12 in the slewing reducer 10, thereby realizing the left and right rotation of the boom of the distributing machine.
  • the prior art solution has the following drawbacks: (a) The telescopic movement of each cylinder of the distributor and the braking of the rotary reducer interfere with each other and cannot work independently of each other. The pressure oil from the oil pump cannot be supplied to each cylinder at the same time and the rotation is decelerated. (b) When the boom cylinder moves for a long time, there will be leakage due to any hydraulic components, and the oil pressure in the brake of the rotary reducer will slowly drop, and reliable braking cannot be achieved.
  • the present invention provides a brake valve group comprising: an accumulator for storing oil; a pressure detector for detecting a pressure of oil in the accumulator; a filling valve, It is installed on the liquid filling oil path of the accumulator for filling the accumulator; the check valve is used to lock the oil in the liquid filling circuit to prevent the oil from flowing back; and the working valve is set in the energy storage
  • the working oil path of the device is used to control the release of oil from the accumulator.
  • the brake valve group further includes a control module for controlling the liquid filling valve according to the detection signal of the pressure detector to control the pressure of the oil in the accumulator within a set pressure range.
  • the pressure detector includes a first pressure switch and a second pressure switch, wherein the control module is configured to control the pressure of the oil in the accumulator within a set pressure range of the first and second pressure switches.
  • the first and second pressure switches detect the pressure of the oil in the accumulator, and send the detection signal to the control module, the control module logically judges the detection signal, and then controls the on/off of the filling valve to determine whether to accumulate the accumulator Filled with liquid.
  • the brake valve group further includes a valve block, wherein the valve block includes an oil source passage, a liquid filling passage, a load pressure feedback passage, a pressure passage, a working passage, and a tank passage, wherein the load pressure feedback passage and the liquid filling The passage is connected, and the check valve is located between the liquid filling passage and the pressure passage.
  • the valve block includes an oil source passage, a liquid filling passage, a load pressure feedback passage, a pressure passage, a working passage, and a tank passage, wherein the load pressure feedback passage and the liquid filling The passage is connected, and the check valve is located between the liquid filling passage and the pressure passage.
  • valve block further includes: a plurality of oil ports ACC, PS1, and PS2 connected to the pressure passage for respectively installing the accumulator and the pressure detector; the oil source port P communicating with the oil source passage; Port T, connected to the tank passage; working port C, connected to the working channel; load feedback port LS, connected to the load pressure feedback channel; multiple pressure ports Ml, M2, M3, and pressure channel or working channel Connected.
  • the liquid filling passage of the valve block is selectively connected to the oil source passage and the oil tank passage through the liquid filling valve.
  • the working channel of the valve block is selectively connected to the pressure passage and the tank passage through the working valve.
  • an orifice is provided in front of the oil inlet of the liquid filling valve, and preferentially, the orifice is installed in the oil source port P of the valve block.
  • the brake valve group further includes a pressure limiting valve for limiting the pressure of the oil in the accumulator and protecting the accumulator. The pressure limiting valve is located between the pressure passage of the valve block and the tank passage. Further, the brake valve group further includes an unloading valve for unloading the pressure oil in the accumulator.
  • the liquid filling valve is a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve or a normally open electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the working valve is a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve or a normally open electromagnetic reversing valve or an electric proportional pressure reducing pressure relief valve or a normally open hydraulically controlled reversing valve.
  • the unloading valve is a manual unloading valve, such as a ball valve; or an electronically controlled unloading valve, such as a normally open electromagnetic reversing valve or a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the above-mentioned working valve and unloading valve are both threaded cartridge valves.
  • the present invention also provides a hydraulic system including an oil pump, a hydraulic brake, and a plurality of actuators (such as a cylinder, a hydraulic motor), and further comprising: a brake valve group, wherein the brake valve group The working oil passage is connected with the hydraulic brake; the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve is used for controlling the movement of the plurality of actuators, wherein the load sensing port Y of the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve and the load sensing of the brake valve group
  • the port LS is connected to the controller; the controller is used to control the load-sensing multi-way reversing valve.
  • the oil pump is a fixed pump, and the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve is an LS type load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve; or, the oil pump is a variable pump, and the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve is 1 LS. Type or 1 LUDV type load sensitive multi-way directional valve.
  • the controller further includes a control module of the brake valve group.
  • the present invention provides a concrete distributing apparatus including a hydraulic system including a plurality of boom cylinders for extending the cloth arms; a hydraulic motor for rotating the cloth arms; and a plurality of boom cylinders and The hydraulic motor provides a hydraulic pump for the pressurized oil; the hydraulic brake for the swing arm of the cloth arm; the load-sensitive multi-way directional control valve for controlling the movement of the plurality of boom cylinders and the hydraulic motor, wherein: the brake valve group, wherein The working oil passage of the brake valve group is in communication with the hydraulic brake, and the load feedback oil port LS of the load pressure feedback channel of the valve block of the brake valve group is connected with the load sensing oil port Y of the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve; And for controlling movement of the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve, wherein the controller comprises a control module of the brake valve group.
  • the oil pump is a fixed pump, and the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve is an LS type load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve; or, the oil pump is a variable pump, and the load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve is 1 LS.
  • Type load sensitive multi-way reversing valve or one LUDV type load sensitive multi-way reversing valve is a tower concrete distributing machine or a concrete pumping car. Further, the concrete distributing device further includes a remote controller connected to the controller via a radio frequency signal.
  • LS and LUDV there are two types of load-sensitive directional spool valves.
  • the difference between the LS type and the LUDV type load sensitive multi-way reversing valve is: (1) The LS type load sensitive multi-way reversing valve is pressure before throttling Compensation, while the LUDV load-sensing multi-way reversing valve is pressure-compensated after throttling; (2) When the flow is insufficient, the LS-type load-sensing multi-way reversing valve has load-independent flow control characteristics, while the LUDV-type load is sensitive. Multi-way reversing valves will not. In the present invention, the concrete pump truck and the distributing machine use the LS type load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve.
  • the LS-type load-sensing multi-way directional control valve can be used for both the fixed oil pump oil supply system and the variable oil pump oil supply system. It is used for the LS type load-sensitive multi-way directional control valve of the oil pump and the variable oil pump oil supply system.
  • the flow adjustment method is different.
  • the LUDV load-sensing multiplexer is used in variable oil pumping systems.
  • the hydraulic system of the present invention has three options to choose from, namely: (1) quantitative oil pump + LS load sensitive multi-way reversing valve + brake valve group; (2) variable oil pump + LS load sensitive multi-way reversing valve + Brake valve group; (3) Variable pump + LUDV load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve + brake valve group.
  • the brake valve group proposed by the present invention has two oil paths that work independently of each other, that is, the liquid filling circuit of the accumulator and the working oil path of the brake.
  • the working principle of the accumulator filling circuit is: Pressure detector (2 pressure switches) detects the pressure of the oil in the accumulator, and sends the detection signal to the control module.
  • the control module logically judges the detection signal and then controls The on/off of the filling valve determines whether to charge the accumulator.
  • the purpose of the liquid is to control the pressure of the oil in the accumulator within the set range of the two pressure switches.
  • the working principle of the brake working oil circuit is as follows:
  • the working passage in the valve block is connected to the pressure passage and the fuel tank passage through the working valve, and the accumulator is connected with the pressure passage, and the control valve is controlled to determine whether or not Provide pressurized oil to the brakes.
  • the brake valve group of the present invention when the pressure of the oil in the accumulator is between the set values (one high and one low) of the two pressure switches, the system does not fill the accumulator, which avoids The frequent operation of the filling valve extends its service life.
  • the accumulator can provide the required pressure oil for the brakes for a long time, so that the brake is reliable, and solves the problem of large heat generation of the oil caused by the existence of the back pressure of the throttle valve in the prior art, and The pressure fluid required for braking can continue to be supplied after the machine has been shut down.
  • the brake valve group is used with the load-sensing multi-way reversing valve
  • the load-sensing multi-way reversing valve is operated to make other actuators operate, the accumulator filling is not affected, and the accumulator filling priority is ensured.
  • the accumulator in turn supplies pressurized oil to the brakes, which in turn ensures the supply of pressure oil to the brakes.
  • the hydraulic system for the concrete distributing device proposed by the present invention uses an oil pump (quantitative pump or variable pump), a load-sensitive multi-way reversing valve (LS or LUDV type), and a brake valve group to realize all executions.
  • the action of the device energy saving, high system integration, small size, easy to arrange hydraulic piping.
  • FIG. 3 is a hydraulic pressure of the first embodiment of the brake valve group.
  • Figure 4 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a brake valve block
  • Figure 5 is a hydraulic schematic view of a third embodiment of the brake valve block
  • Figure 6 is a hydraulic schematic view of a fourth embodiment of the brake valve block
  • Figure 7 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the brake valve group
  • Figures 8a to 8h are hydraulic schematic diagrams of different types of liquid filling valve, working valve, and unloading valve
  • Figure 9 is the first brake valve group BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Fig. 10 is a hydraulic schematic view of a first embodiment of a hydraulic system of a tower concrete spreader
  • Fig. 11 is a hydraulic schematic view of a second embodiment of a hydraulic system of a tower concrete spreader.
  • DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS tower concrete cloth machine one arm cylinder two arm cylinder three arm cylinder climbing cylinder rotary speed reducer hydraulic motor normally open brake electromagnetic reversing valve
  • Solenoid directional control valve 26 Electromagnetic reversing valve
  • Electromagnetic reversing valve Electromagnetic reversing valve
  • Electromagnetic reversing valve 34 Brake valve block Valve block 38 Throttle
  • FIG. 3 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the brake valve block of the present invention.
  • the brake valve group 34 of the present embodiment includes: an accumulator 52, a pressure limiting valve 44, a first pressure switch 54 and a second pressure switch 56, an electromagnetic reversing valve 40a, a check valve 42, Electromagnetic reversing valve 50a, ball valve 48, solenoid reversing valve 46a, orifice 38, valve block 36, and control module 70.
  • the valve block 36 has an oil source passage 58, a liquid filling passage 62, a load pressure feedback passage 60, a pressure passage 66, a working passage 68, and a tank passage 64, wherein the load pressure feedback passage 60 communicates with the liquid filling passage 62.
  • the valve block 36 further includes: oil ports ACC, PS1, PS2, and is in communication with the pressure passage 66 for respectively installing the accumulator 52, the first pressure switch 54, the second pressure switch 56; the oil source port P, and the oil
  • the source passage 58 is connected; the oil return port T is connected to the tank passage 64; the working port C is connected to the working passage 68; the load feedback port LS is connected to the load pressure feedback passage 60; and the plurality of pressure measuring ports Ml, M2 , M3, M4, connected to the pressure channel 66 or the working channel 68.
  • the accumulator 52 is mounted at the port ACC for storing oil.
  • a pressure limiting valve 44 is located between the pressure passage 66 and the tank passage 64 for limiting the pressure of the oil in the accumulator 52 to protect the accumulator 52.
  • the check valve 42 is located between the pressure passage 66 and the liquid filling passage 62 and functions as a check valve to prevent the pressurized oil in the accumulator 52 from flowing back to the tank when the accumulator 52 is filled.
  • the present invention utilizes two unloading valves: a ball valve 48 and an electromagnetic reversing valve 46a, both located between the pressure passage 66 and the tank passage 64, to relieve the pressure oil in the accumulator 52.
  • the ball valve 48 is used for manual unloading.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 46a is normally open, de-energized, and electrically closed, for automatic unloading. For example, after the machine is stopped, the power of the whole machine is cut off, the electromagnetic reversing valve 46a is de-energized, the pressure passage 66 is communicated with the tank passage 64, and the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 is unloaded.
  • the working valve 50a is a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve, which is de-energized and electrically opened to control the braking or release of the brake 14.
  • the working passage 68 is in selective communication with the pressure passage 66 and the tank passage 64 through the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a.
  • the working channel 68 is in turn connected to the brake 14 via the working port C.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a if the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a is energized, the working passage 68 communicates with the pressure passage 66, and the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 passes through the pressure passage 66, the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a, the working passage 68, and finally reaches the normally open state.
  • the liquid filling valve 40a is a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve, which is de-energized and closed, and is electrically opened for accumulator filling.
  • the liquid filling passage 62 is in selective communication with the oil source passage 58 and the tank passage 64 through the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a.
  • the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a if the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a is energized, the liquid filling passage 62 communicates with the oil source passage 58, and the oil from the oil source port P passes through the liquid filling passage 58, the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a, the liquid filling passage 62, The check valve 42, the pressure passage 66, the port ACC, and finally enter the accumulator 52 to charge the accumulator.
  • the control module 70 is configured to control the pressure of the oil in the accumulator 52 within a set pressure range of the two pressure switches 54 and 56.
  • the set pressure of the second pressure switch 56 is greater than the set pressure of the first pressure switch 54.
  • the two pressure switches 54 and 56 detect the pressure of the oil in the accumulator 52, and send the detection signal to the control module 70.
  • the control module 70 logically judges the detection signal, and then controls the liquid filling valve, that is, the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a. Turns on and off to determine whether to charge the accumulator 52.
  • the decision logic of the control module 70 is as follows:
  • the working principle is as follows: When the accumulator is filled, the electromagnetic reversing valve 40a is energized, the oil source passage 58 communicates with the liquid filling passage 62, and the oil from the oil source port P passes through the orifice 38 and the electromagnetic reversing valve.
  • the pressure of the oil entering the accumulator 52 (ie ⁇ 2) is fed back to the LS load-sensitive multiplex valve 72 via the load pressure feedback channel 60, the load feedback port LS (in Figure 10 and Figure In the flow regulating valve or the displacement control mechanism in the variable pump 80, the pressure drop ⁇ before and after the orifice 38 is controlled by the flow regulator or variable in the LS load-sensitive multiplex valve 72.
  • the amount of oil flow Q that is, the amount of flow when the accumulator 52 is filled.
  • the size of the aperture d of the orifice 38 can be determined based on the capacity of the accumulator 52, the pressure drop before and after the orifice 38, the temperature of the oil, and the viscosity.
  • the orifice 38 is formed in a replaceable form, such as a throttle plug, which is mounted to the oil port of the valve block 36.
  • the withstand voltage rating and capacity of the accumulator 52 depends on the application, such as the number and size of the brakes 14. It should be noted that although the valve of the present invention has been made based on the braking of a normally open hydraulic rotary speed reducer, its use is not limited thereto, and it can also be used for other purposes such as clamping, pressure holding, and the like. Whether or not the accumulator 52 is filled is implemented by the control module 70. The control module may not be included in the brake valve block 34. When constructing the hydraulic control system of the complete machine, it may be implemented by the controller of the complete machine.
  • Figure 4 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the brake valve block of the present invention.
  • the automatic unloading valve in this embodiment is a normally closed electromagnetic reversing valve 46b (de-energized closed, energized open) and the working valve is a normally open electromagnetic reversing valve 50b. (The power is turned off, and the power is turned off).
  • FIG. 5 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a third embodiment of the brake valve block of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a fourth embodiment of the brake valve block of the present invention.
  • the working valve of this embodiment is an electric proportional pressure reducing pressure relief valve 50c, and the electronically controlled unloading valve 46a is omitted.
  • the electric proportional pressure relief valve 50c can provide a constant working pressure for the brake 14 or other actuators, which is particularly suitable for clamping, pressure holding situations.
  • Figure 7 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a fifth embodiment of the brake valve block of the present invention.
  • the working valve of this embodiment is a normally open hydraulically controlled reversing valve 50d.
  • the hydraulically controlled directional control valve 50d can be operated by controlling the port X (external control pressure) to control the braking or release of the brake 14.
  • the normally open hydraulically controlled directional control valve 50d is because: According to the use characteristics of the concrete distributing equipment, the braking of the hydraulic slewing reducer and the rotation of the hydraulic slewing reducer are interlocked, that is, if the arm When the frame rotates, the brake must be released; if the frame does not rotate, the brake must be braked.
  • the two working ports A and B of the hydraulic motor 12 in the slewing reducer 10 When the boom needs to be rotated, the two working ports A and B of the hydraulic motor 12 in the slewing reducer 10 must have one high pressure and the other low pressure, using a shuttle valve 86 (not included in the brake valve group). 34)), the high pressure oil in the two ports of the hydraulic motor 12 can be obtained, and the high pressure oil enters the port X through the hydraulic line and pushes the normally open hydraulically controlled directional control valve 50d, so that the working channel 68 and the tank passage 64 is connected, so the pressure oil in the brake 14 is unloaded, and the brake 14 is released; when the boom is not rotated, the two ports A and B of the hydraulic motor 12 in the slewing reducer 10 are both low pressure, then the shuttle is from the shuttle The oil coming out of the valve is also low pressure, and the low pressure oil cannot push the hydraulically controlled reversing valve 50c.
  • the spool of the hydraulically controlled reversing valve 50d Under the action of the spring force, the spool of the hydraulically controlled reversing valve 50d is in the initial position, and the working passage 68 is connected to the pressure passage 66.
  • the pressure oil in the accumulator 52 enters the brake 14 and brakes the brake 14 against the spring force.
  • the normally open electromagnetic reversing valve 46a is used because: when the machine is powered off or the system is unexpectedly de-energized, the spools of the pilot-operated reversing valve 50d and the electromagnetic reversing valve 46a are both in the initial position.
  • the working passage 68 is in communication with the pressure passage 66.
  • the pressure passage 66 is in communication with the tank passage 64.
  • FIG. 3 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of different types of filling valve, working valve, unloading valve, wherein 40a and 40b are used as filling valves; 46a and 46b are used as unloading valves; 50a, 50b 50c and 50d are used for work valve.
  • Figure 9 is a perspective view of the first embodiment of the brake valve block.
  • the components of the brake valve block 34 are mounted on the valve block 36, wherein the orifice 38 and the check valve 42 are mounted in the valve block 36, not shown Shown in 9.
  • the solenoid reversing valves 46a, 46b 50a, 50b preferentially select the threaded cartridge valve, because the normally open and normally closed electromagnetic reversing cartridge valves have the same size and can be used according to specific working conditions.
  • the normally open and normally open electromagnetic reversing cartridge valves are replaced without redesigning the valve block 36.
  • the brake valve block 34 of the present invention may be formed by combining two or more valve blocks or by hydraulically connecting the components.
  • Figure 10 is a hydraulic schematic diagram of a hydraulic system 78 of a first embodiment of a concrete concrete spreader
  • Figure 11 is a hydraulic schematic of a hydraulic system 84 of a second embodiment of a concrete spreader.
  • the hydraulic system 78 of the present embodiment mainly includes: three boom cylinders 2, 4, 6 for the expansion and contraction of the cloth arm; a climbing cylinder 8 for the climb of the cloth machine; and a hydraulic pressure for the rotation of the cloth arm
  • the road reversing valve 72 (for the fixed pump); the brake valve group 34 for the normally open brake 14 of the hydraulic slewing reducer 10, the whole machine controller 74, and the remote controller 76 connected to the controller 74 via the radio frequency signal,
  • the working port C of the brake valve group 34 is in communication with the brake 14, and the load feedback port LS of the brake valve group 34 is in communication with the load sensing port Y of the LS type load-sensitive multiplex valve 72;
  • Group 34 and LS type load sensitive multiplex valve 72 are
  • the hydraulic system of the present embodiment 84 differs from the first embodiment 78 of FIG. 10 in that: this embodiment employs a variable oil pump 80 and an LS type load-sensing multi-way reversing valve 82 suitable for a variable oil pump.
  • the load feedback port LS of the LS type load sensitive multiplex valve 82 is in communication with the control port of the variable pump 80.
  • the operation mode of the valve plate is electro-hydraulic proportional manipulation.
  • the load sensitive multiplex valve 72 or 82 has five valve pieces, wherein the valve piece One is used for the cloth arm to climb, the valve piece 2 is used for the cloth arm rotation, the valve piece 3 is used for the telescopic expansion of the arm frame one arm cylinder, the valve piece 4 is used for the telescopic expansion of the boom two-arm cylinder, and the valve piece five is used for the arm frame three.
  • the telescopic expansion of the arm cylinder In other embodiments, the number of valve plates in a load-sensitive multiplex valve may be increased or decreased depending on the number of actuators.
  • the operator When the cloth arm needs to be swung, the operator will manipulate the corresponding rocker of the remote controller 76 to send a signal to the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a in the brake valve block 34 to de-energize the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a, the working channel 68 and the fuel tank.
  • the passage 64 is connected, the pressure oil in the brake 14 is unloaded, and the brake 14 is released by the spring force; at the same time, the rotary valve in the load-sensing multi-way reversing valve 72 or 82 also receives a tilt angle with the rocker.
  • the associated electro-hydraulic proportional signal causes the valve plate to operate, and the hydraulic motor 12 in the slewing reducer 10 rotates, and then the slewing reducer and the slewing support rotate the cloth arm.
  • stepless speed regulation of the swing motion can be achieved. If the fabric arm does not need to be swung, the operator releases the corresponding rocker of the remote controller 70, the electromagnetic reversing valve 50a in the brake valve block 34 is energized, and the working passage 68 communicates with the pressure passage 66, in the accumulator 52.
  • the accumulator in turn supplies pressurized oil to the brakes, which in turn guarantees the supply of pressure oil to the brakes, which is in accordance with the requirements of the safety regulations. Due to the brake braking, only the accumulator is used to supply the pressurized oil, so the braking of the brake and the telescopic movement of the respective boom cylinders are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other.
  • the brake valve block of the present invention is highly integrated, and when used in conjunction with a load-sensing multi-way reversing valve, only one (quantitative or variable) oil pump is required to realize the action of all actuators, such as the expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder, cloth Arm rotation, brake braking.
  • the brake valve group and the hydraulic system of the present invention are typically applied as a cloth type equipment such as a tower type concrete distributing machine (the slewing reducer brake is a normally open type).
  • a cloth type equipment such as a tower type concrete distributing machine (the slewing reducer brake is a normally open type).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种制动阀组,包括:蓄能器(52),用于存储油液;压力检测器,用于检测蓄能器中油液的压力;充液阀(40a,40b),设置在蓄能器的充液油路上,用于蓄能器(52)的充液;单向阀(42),用于锁住充液油路(62)内的油液,防止油液回流;以及工作阀(50a,50b,50c,50d),设置在蓄能器(52)的工作油路上,用于控制蓄能器(52)的油液释放。制动阀组内存在两个相互独立的油路,即蓄能器(52)的充液油路(62)和制动器(14)的工作油路(68)。一种液压系统,其具有该制动阀组。一种典型作业机械——塔式混凝土布料机,其具有该液压系统。该制动阀组可以用于制动、夹紧和压力保持等用途。

Description

制动阀组、 具有该制动阀组的液压系统和混凝土布料机 技术领域 本发明涉及一种制动阀组, 本发明还涉及一种具有该制动阀组的液压系统和混凝 土布料设备。 背景技术 目前, 混凝土泵车、布料机的臂架通过液压回转减速机、 回转支撑进行回转运动。 液压回转减速机由液压马达驱动。 液压回转减速机自身带有制动器。 根据停机时制动 器是否处于制动状态, 制动器可分为两种类型, 即常开式和常闭式。 常开式制动器的工作原理是弹簧释放和液压加载制动。 机器不工作时, 依靠弹簧 力, 制动器是释放的, 臂架可以在外力干扰的作用下自由转动, 如风载。 若制动器制 动, 则需要液压系统提供压力油进入制动器, 以克服弹簧力, 使制动器制动。 常闭式制动器的工作原理是弹簧加载制动和液压释放。 机器不工作时, 依靠弹簧 力, 制动器是制动的, 臂架不能转动。 若制动器释放, 则需要液压系统提供压力油进 入制动器, 以克服弹簧力, 使制动器释放。 混凝土泵车安装的液压回转减速机, 其制动器都是常闭式。 绝大多数混凝土布料 机使用的液压回转减速机制动器也是常闭式。 但是对于高空作业的布料机 (如塔式布 料机), 由于受风载的影响很大, 根据安全规范的要求, 停机时须保证臂架能够随风自 由转动, 这就需要安装常开式制动器的回转减速机。 这样, 当风速大到一定程度时, 布料机的臂架可以随风转动, 以保护布料机的塔身 (或其立柱) 免受因风载所产生的 扭矩的不利影响, 否则塔身 (或者立柱) 会因扭转变形过度而损坏。 严重时 (如遭遇 台风), 可能会使布料机从高空塌落, 引发重大安全事故。 若布料机使用常开式的液压回转减速机, 那么作业时, 只要液压回转减速机不回 转, 就需要液压系统提供压力油液进行制动, 图 1是现有技术的塔式混凝土布料机 1 的结构示意图。 如图 1所示, 液压执行器包括一个爬升油缸 8、 一个液压回转减速机 10、 三个臂架油缸 2、 4、 6。 图 2是现有技术的塔式混凝土布料机的液压系统原理图, 图中省略了一些负载保 持与运动控制阀(如平衡阀, 安装在油缸和马达的工作油路上)和其它液压辅助元件, 这不影响对系统的分析。 如图 2所示, 液压回转减速机 10包含液压马达 12和常开式 制动器 14。 由于塔式混凝土布料机是高空作业机械, 故配置了常开式的液压回转减速 机, 这样停机后, 臂架可以随风转动。 在图 2中, 使用一个油泵 16来实现布料机各油缸的伸缩运动、回转减速机液压马 达 12的转动和回转减速机常开式制动器 14的制动。 该解决方案依靠回油路上一个节 流阀 22所产生的背压来实现回转减速机制动所需要的油液压力。 该布料机工作时, 有如下三种工况:
( 1 ) 当布料机的所有执行器(油缸和液压马达)不运动时, 电磁换向阀 18和电 磁换向阀 20断电, 来自油泵 16的压力油经过电磁换向阀 18、 节流阀 22流回油箱, 调节回油路上节流阀 22阀口的大小, 使节流阀 22产生足够的背压, 该背压再通过电 磁换向阀 20作用在常开式制动器 14上, 克服弹簧力, 实现制动。
(2) 当布料机的臂架需要伸缩运动或者当布料机爬升时, 电磁换向阀 18和电磁 换向阀 20得电, 制动器的油口被电磁换向阀 20封闭, 以便锁住制动器 14中的压力油 液, 使制动器 14继续保持制动状态, 同时电磁换向阀 26、 28、 30、 32中的一个得电, 以实现布料机各油缸相应的运动, 如臂架伸缩或布料机爬升。
( 3 ) 当布料机的臂架需要回转时, 电磁换向阀 18得电, 电磁换向阀 20断电, 制 动器 14的油口通过电磁换向阀 20和节流阀 22, 连通油箱, 使制动器 14中的压力油 液卸荷, 制动器 14在自身弹簧力的作用下释放。 同时电磁换向阀 24得电, 使回转减 速机 10内的液压马达 12转动, 从而实现布料机臂架的左、 右回转。 现有技术的解决方案存在如下缺陷: (a) 布料机各油缸的伸缩运动和回转减速机 的制动会互相干扰、 不能相互独立工作, 来自油泵的压力油液不能同时供给各油缸和 回转减速机的制动器使用; (b ) 当臂架油缸长时间地伸缩运动时, 由于任何液压元件 都会存在泄漏, 回转减速机制动器中的油液压力会缓慢下降, 不能实现可靠的制动, 这存在潜在的安全隐患; (c) 由于节流阀背压的存在, 系统能量消耗大, 油液发热量 大, 这影响液压元件的寿命; (d) 若机器停机后还需要制动, 该系统无法提供制动所 需要的压力油液。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供一种制动阀组,以克服上述现有技术中的一个或多个缺陷, 其不仅可用于常开式制动器的制动, 还可以用于夹紧、 压力保持等其它用途。 本发明 的目的还在于提供一种具有该制动阀组的液压系统及其作业机械——混凝土布料机设 备。 为实现上述目的, 一方面, 本发明提供了一种制动阀组, 包括: 蓄能器, 用于存 储油液; 压力检测器, 用于检测蓄能器中油液的压力; 充液阀, 设置在蓄能器的充液 油路上, 用于蓄能器的充液; 单向阀, 用于锁住充液油路内的油液, 防止油液回流; 以及工作阀, 设置在蓄能器的工作油路上, 用于控制蓄能器的油液释放。 进一步地, 上述制动阀组还包括控制模块, 用于根据压力检测器的检测信号控制 充液阀, 将蓄能器中油液的压力控制在设定压力范围之内。 进一步地, 上述压力检测器包括第一压力开关和第二压力开关, 其中, 控制模块 用于将蓄能器中油液的压力控制在第一、 第二压力开关的设定压力范围之内。 第一、 第二压力开关检测蓄能器中油液的压力, 并把检测信号发送给控制模块, 控制模块对 检测信号进行逻辑判断, 再控制充液阀的通断, 以决定是否给蓄能器充液。 进一步地, 上述制动阀组还包括阀块, 其中, 阀块内包括油源通道、 充液通道、 负载压力反馈通道、 压力通道、 工作通道、 油箱通道, 其中, 负载压力反馈通道与充 液通道连通, 单向阀位于充液通道与压力通道之间。 进一步地, 上述阀块还包括: 多个油口 ACC、 PS1、 PS2, 与压力通道连通, 分别 用于安装蓄能器、 压力检测器; 油源油口 P, 与油源通道连通; 回油油口 T, 与油箱 通道连通; 工作油口 C, 与工作通道连通; 负载反馈油口 LS, 与负载压力反馈通道连 通; 多个测压油口 Ml、 M2、 M3, 与压力通道或工作通道连通。 进一步地, 上述阀块的充液通道通过充液阀, 与油源通道和油箱通道择一连通。 进一步地, 上述阀块的工作通道通过工作阀, 与压力通道和油箱通道择一连通。 进一步地, 上述充液阀的进油口前设有节流孔, 优先地, 节流孔安装在阀块的油 源油口 P内。 利用液压负载敏感系统的原理, 通过更换不同孔径大小的节流孔, 可以 调节蓄能器充液时的流量大小, 防止压力冲击和超调。 进一步地, 上述制动阀组还包括限压阀, 用于限制蓄能器中油液的压力, 保护蓄 能器。 限压阀位于阀块的压力通道与油箱通道之间。 进一步地, 上述制动阀组还包括卸荷阀, 使蓄能器中的压力油液卸荷。 进一步地, 上述充液阀为常闭式电磁换向阀或常开式电磁换向阀。 进一步地, 上述工作阀为常闭式电磁换向阀或常开式电磁换向阀或电比例减压泄 压阀或常开式液控换向阀。 进一步地, 上述卸荷阀为手动卸荷阀, 如球阀; 或者为电控卸荷阀, 如常开式电 磁换向阀、 常闭式电磁换向阀。 进一步地, 上述工作阀和卸荷阀均为螺纹插装阀。 另一方面, 本发明还提供了一种液压系统, 液压系统包括油泵、 液压制动器和多 个执行器(如油缸、 液压马达), 此外, 还包括: 制动阀组, 其中, 制动阀组的工作油 路与液压制动器连通; 负载敏感多路换向阀, 用于控制多个执行器的运动, 其中, 负 载敏感多路换向阀的负载感应油口 Y与制动阀组的负载感应油口 LS与连通;控制器, 用于控制负载敏感多路换向阀。 进一步地, 油泵为 1个定量泵, 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路 换向阀; 或者, 油泵为 1个变量泵, 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型或 1个 LUDV 型负载敏感多路换向阀。 进一步地, 控制器还包括制动阀组的控制模块。 此外, 本发明还提供了一种混凝土布料设备, 包括液压系统, 液压系统包括用于 布料臂伸展的多个臂架油缸; 用于布料臂回转的液压马达; 用于向多个臂架油缸和液 压马达提供压力油液的油泵; 用于布料臂回转制动的液压制动器; 控制多个臂架油缸 和液压马达运动的负载敏感多路换向阀, 其中, 还包括: 制动阀组, 其中, 制动阀组 的工作油路与液压制动器连通, 制动阀组的阀块的负载压力反馈通道的负载反馈油口 LS与负载敏感多路换向阀的负载感应油口 Y连通; 控制器, 用于控制负载敏感多路 换向阀的运动, 其中, 控制器包括制动阀组的控制模块。 进一步地, 油泵为 1个定量泵, 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路 换向阀; 或者, 油泵为 1个变量泵, 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路 换向阀或 1个 LUDV型负载敏感多路换向阀。 进一步地, 混凝土布料设备为塔式混凝土布料机或混凝土泵车。 进一步地, 的混凝土布料设备, 还包括与控制器通过射频信号连接的遥控器。 根据工作原理,负载敏感多路换向阀有两种类型: LS型和 LUDV型。 LS型和 LUDV 型负载敏感多路换向阀的区别在于: (1 ) LS型负载敏感多路换向阀是节流前进行压力 补偿, 而 LUDV型负载敏感多路换向阀是节流后进行压力补偿; (2)流量不足时, LS 型负载敏感多路换向阀与负载无关的流量控制特性失效, 而 LUDV型负载敏感多路换 向阀则不会。 在本发明中, 混凝土泵车和布料机使用 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀。 LS型负载敏 感多路换向阀既可以用于定量油泵供油系统, 也可以用于变量油泵供油系统, 用于定 量油泵和变量油泵供油系统的 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀的流量调节方式不同。 LUDV 型负载敏感多路换向阀则用于变量油泵供油系统。 本发明的液压系统, 有三种方案可供选择, 即: (1 ) 定量油泵 +LS负载敏感多路 换向阀 +制动阀组; (2) 变量油泵 +LS 负载敏感多路换向阀 +制动阀组; (3 ) 变量泵 +LUDV负载敏感多路换向阀 +制动阀组。 与现有技术相比, 本发明提出的制动阀组内存在两个相互独立工作的油路, 即蓄 能器的充液油路和制动器的工作油路。蓄能器充液油路的工作原理是: 压力检测器(2 个压力开关) 检测蓄能器中油液的压力, 并把检测信号发送给控制模块, 控制模块对 检测信号进行逻辑判断, 再控制充液阀的通断, 以决定是否给蓄能器充液, 其目的就 是将蓄能器中油液的压力控制在 2个压力开关的设定范围之内。 制动器工作油路的工 作原理是: 阀块内的工作通道通过工作阀, 与压力通道和油箱通道择一连通, 而蓄能 器又与压力通道连通, 通过控制工作阀的通断, 以决定是否向制动器提供压力油液。 根据本发明的制动阀组, 蓄能器中油液的压力位于在 2个压力开关的设定值 (一 高一低) 之间时, 系统就不会给蓄能器充液, 这就避免了充液阀的频繁动作, 延长其 使用寿命。 蓄能器可以长时间地为制动器制动提供所需要的压力油液, 使得制动可靠, 解决 了现有技术中节流阀背压的存在所带来的油液发热量大的问题, 并且在机器停机后还 可以继续提供制动所需要的压力油液。 制动阀组与负载敏感多路换向阀配合使用时, 操纵负载敏感多路换向阀使其它执 行器动作时, 蓄能器充液不受影响, 且能保证蓄能器充液优先。 而蓄能器又为制动器 提供压力油液, 这也就优先保证了制动器的压力油液供应。 本发明提出的用于混凝土布料设备的液压系统, 使用了一个油泵 (定量泵或变量 泵)、 一个负载敏感多路换向阀 (LS或 LUDV型)、 一个制动阀组就实现了所有执行 器的动作, 节能、 系统集成度高、 体积小, 便于液压管路布置。 除了上面所描述的目的、 特征、 优点之外, 本发明具有的其它目的、 特征、 优点, 将结合附图作进一步详细的说明。 附图说明 构成本说明书的一部分、 用于进一步理解本发明的附图示出了本发明的优选实施 例, 并与说明书一起用来说明本发明的原理。 图中: 图 1是现有技术的塔式混凝土布料机的结构示意图; 图 2是现有技术的塔式混凝土布料机的液压系统原理图; 图 3是制动阀组第一实施例的液压原理图; 图 4是制动阀组第二实施例的液压原理图; 图 5是制动阀组第三实施例的液压原理图; 图 6是制动阀组第四实施例的液压原理图; 图 7是制动阀组第五实施例的液压原理图; 图 8a至图 8h是不同类型的充液阀、 工作阀、 卸荷阀的液压原理图; 图 9是制动阀组第一实施例的立体示意图; 图 10是塔式混凝土布料机的液压系统第一实施例的液压原理图; 以及 图 11是塔式混凝土布料机的液压系统第二实施例的液压原理图。 附图标记说明 塔式混凝土布料机 一臂油缸 二臂油缸 三臂油缸 爬升油缸 回转减速机 液压马达 常开式制动器 电磁换向阀 电磁换向阀 22 节流阀
电磁换向阀 26 电磁换向阀 电磁换向阀 30 电磁换向阀 电磁换向阀 34 制动阀组 阀块 38 节流孔
a常闭式电磁换向阀 40b 常开式电磁换向阀 单向阀 44 限压阀
a常开式电磁换向阀 46b 常闭式电磁换向阀 球阀 50a常闭式电磁换向阀b 常开式电磁换向阀 50c 电比例减压泄压阀d 常开式液控换向阀 52 蓄能器
第一压力开关 56 第二压力开关 油源通道 60 负载压力反馈通道 充液通道 64 油箱通道 压力通道 68 工作通道 控制模块
LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 (适用于定量泵) 控制器 76 遥控器
液压系统 80 变量泵
LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 (适用于变量泵) 液压系统 86 梭阀。 具体实施方式 以下结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明, 但是本发明可以由权利要求限定 和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。 图 3是本发明的制动阀组第一实施例的液压原理图。 如图 3所示, 本实施例的制 动阀组 34包括: 蓄能器 52, 限压阀 44, 第一压力开关 54和第二压力开关 56, 电磁 换向阀 40a, 单向阀 42, 电磁换向阀 50a, 球阀 48, 电磁换向阀 46a, 节流孔 38, 阀 块 36, 以及控制模块 70。 注意, 图 3中回转减速机 10及其内的液压马达 12和制动器 14不属于制动阀组 34, 在此示出, 是为了说明制动阀组 34的工作原理, 对于图 5、 图 6、 图 7和图 8也 是同样目的。 阀块 36内存在油源通道 58、 充液通道 62、 负载压力反馈通道 60、 压力通道 66、 工作通道 68、 油箱通道 64, 其中, 负载压力反馈通道 60与充液通道 62连通。 阀块 36还包括: 油口 ACC、 PS1、 PS2, 并与压力通道 66连通, 分别用于安装蓄 能器 52、 第一压力开关 54、 第二压力开关 56; 油源油口 P, 与油源通道 58连通; 回 油油口 T, 与油箱通道 64连通; 工作油口 C, 与工作通道 68连通; 负载反馈油口 LS, 与负载压力反馈通道 60连通; 若干测压油口 Ml、 M2、 M3、 M4, 与压力通道 66或 工作通道 68连通。 蓄能器 52安装在油口 ACC处, 用于存储油液。 限压阀 44位于压力通道 66和油 箱通道 64之间, 用于限制蓄能器 52中油液的压力, 保护蓄能器 52。 单向阀 42位于 压力通道 66和充液通道 62之间, 用作止回阀, 当蓄能器 52充液完毕后, 防止蓄能器 52中的压力油液流回油箱。 本发明使用了 2个卸荷阀: 球阀 48和电磁换向阀 46a, 均位于压力通道 66和油 箱通道 64之间, 使蓄能器 52中的压力油液卸荷。球阀 48用于手动卸荷, 例如蓄能器 检修和更换蓄能器皮囊时,首先需要使蓄能器 52中的压力油液卸荷,以确保操纵安全。 电磁换向阀 46a是常开式, 失电打开, 得电关闭, 用于自动卸荷。 例如机器停机后, 整机电源切断, 电磁换向阀 46a失电, 压力通道 66与油箱通道 64连通, 蓄能器 52中 的压力油液卸荷。 工作阀 50a是常闭式电磁换向阀, 失电关闭, 得电打开, 用于控制制动器 14的制 动或释放。工作通道 68通过电磁换向阀 50a,与压力通道 66和油箱通道 64择一连通, 而工作通道 68又通过工作油口 C与制动器 14连通。工作时,若电磁换向阀 50a得电, 则工作通道 68与压力通道 66连通, 蓄能器 52中的压力油液通过压力通道 66、 电磁 换向阀 50a、 工作通道 68, 最后到达常开式制动器 14, 以克服弹簧力, 使制动器 14 制动; 若电磁换向阀 50a失电, 则工作通道 68与油箱通道 64连通, 制动器 14中的压 力油液通过工作通道 68、 电磁换向阀 50a、 油箱通道 64, 最后流回油箱, 实现卸荷, 使制动器 14释放。 工作阀 50a采用常闭式电磁换向阀的优点在于: 若机器意外停电, 则电磁换向阀 50a失电, 压力通道 68与油箱通道 64连通, 可确保制动器 14中的压力油液卸荷, 使 制动器 14释放, 这样布料设备的臂架可以随风自由转动。 充液阀 40a是常闭式电磁换向阀, 失电关闭, 得电打开, 用于蓄能器充液。 充液 通道 62通过电磁换向阀 40a, 与油源通道 58和油箱通道 64择一连通。 工作时, 若电 磁换向阀 40a得电, 则充液通道 62与油源通道 58连通, 来自油源油口 P的油液通过 充液通道 58、 电磁换向阀 40a、 充液通道 62、 单向阀 42、 压力通道 66、 油口 ACC, 最后进入蓄能器 52, 给蓄能器充液。 蓄能器充液完毕后, 电磁换向阀 40a失电, 充液 通道 62与油箱通道 64连通。 控制模块 70, 用于将蓄能器 52中油液的压力控制在 2个压力开关 54和 56的设 定压力范围之内。 第二压力开关 56的设定压力大于第一压力开关 54的设定压力。 2 个压力开关 54和 56检测蓄能器 52中油液的压力, 并把检测信号发送给控制模块 70, 控制模块 70对检测信号进行逻辑判断, 再控制充液阀, 即电磁换向阀 40a的通断, 以 决定是否给蓄能器 52充液。 控制模块 70的判断逻辑如下:
( i) 若蓄能器 52中油液的压力位于 2个压力开关 54和 56的设定压力范围内, 则电磁换向阀 40a保持其原先的状态不变, SP : 若电磁换向阀 40a得电, 则继续得电, 蓄能器继续充液; 若电磁换向阀 40a失电, 则继续失电, 蓄能器不充液。 ( ii)若蓄能器 52中油液的压力低于某一极限值(即第一压力开关 54的设定压力) 时, 则控制模块 70使电磁换向阀 40a得电, 蓄能器开始充液。
( iii) 若蓄能器 52中油液的压力高于某一极限值 (即第二压力开关 56的设定压 力) 时, 则控制模块 70使电磁换向阀 40a失电, 蓄能器停止充液。 油源通道 58上设有节流孔 38, 利用液压负载敏感原理, 通过更换不同孔径大小 的节流孔, 可以调节蓄能器 52 充液时的流量大小, 防止压力冲击和超调, 使蓄能器 52平稳充液。 其工作原理是: 蓄能器充液时, 电磁换向阀 40a得电, 油源通道 58与 充液通道 62连通, 来自油源油口 P的油液经过节流孔 38、 电磁换向阀 40a、 单向阀 42, 进入蓄能器 52; 油液流过节流孔 38的前、 后会产生一个压降 ΔΡ, 设节流孔 38 前、 后的油液压力分别为 Pl、 Ρ2, 则 ΔΡ=Ρ1-Ρ2; 进入蓄能器 52 的油液的压力 (即 Ρ2) 通过负载压力反馈通道 60、 负载反馈油口 LS, 反馈给 LS负载敏感多路换向阀 72 (在图 10和图 11中详细描述) 内的流量调节阀或者变量泵 80内的排量控制机构, 节流孔 38前、后的压降 ΔΡ便由 LS负载敏感多路换向阀 72内的流量调节器或者变量 泵 80内的排量控制机构设定; 根据小孔流量公式 Q=f ( ΔΡ, d), ΔΡ已定, 那么通 过改变节流孔 38的孔径 d的大小, 就可以改变流过节流孔 38的油液流量 Q 的大小, 也就是蓄能器 52充液时流量的大小。 节流孔 38的孔径 d大小可根据蓄能器 52的容量、节流孔 38前、后的压降、 油液 温度和黏度来加以确定。 优先地, 节流孔 38做成可更换的形式, 如节流螺塞, 安装在阀块 36的油源油口
P内。 蓄能器 52的耐压等级和容量大小视使用情况而定, 如制动器 14的数量和规格。 需要指出的是, 本发明的阀虽然是基于常开式液压回转减速机的制动而做出了, 但是其用途不仅限于此, 还可以用于夹紧、 压力保持等其它用途。 蓄能器 52是否充液由控制模块 70来实现, 该控制模块可以不包括在制动阀组 34 内, 当构建整机的液压控制系统时, 可以用整机的控制器来实现。 图 4是本发明的制动阀组第二实施例的液压原理图。 本实施例与第一实施例区别 在于: 本实施例中的自动卸荷阀是常闭式电磁换向阀 46b (失电关闭, 得电打开) 和 工作阀是常开式电磁换向阀 50b (失电打开, 得电关闭)。 这样, 当机器切断电源或者 系统意外断电时, 电磁换向阀 46b和 50b均失电, 常闭式电磁换向阀 46b可以锁定蓄 能器 52中的压力油液, 防止蓄能器 52中的压力油液卸荷; 同时, 常开式的电磁换向 阀 50b使得工作通道 68与压力通道 66连通,蓄能器 52中的压力油液由此进入制动器 14, 克服弹簧力, 使制动器 14制动。 故本实施例适用于机器停机(或者停电)后, 制 动器需要保持制动的情况。 图 5是本发明的制动阀组第三实施例的液压原理图。 本实施例与第一实施例的区 别在于: 本实施例省略了常开式电磁换向阀 (也称为电控卸荷阀) 46a。 图 6是本发明的制动阀组第四实施例的液压原理图。 本实施例与第一实施例的区 别在于: 本实施例的工作阀是电比例减压泄压阀 50c, 并省略了电控卸荷阀 46a。 电比 例减压泄压阀 50c可以为制动器 14或者其它执行器提供恒定的工作压力,这特别适用 于夹紧、 压力保持的情况。 图 7是本发明的制动阀组第五实施例的液压原理图。 本实施例与第一实施例的区 别在于: 本实施例的工作阀是常开式液控换向阀 50d。 可以通过控制油口 X (外接控 制压力), 来操纵液控换向阀 50d, 控制制动器 14的制动或释放。 如图 7所示, 采用常开式液控换向阀 50d是因为: 由混凝土布料设备的使用特性 可知, 液压回转减速机的制动与液压回转减速机的转动是互锁的, 即若臂架转动, 则 制动器必须释放; 若臂架不转动, 则制动器必须制动。 当臂架需要回转时, 回转减速 机 10中的液压马达 12的 A、 B两个工作油口必有一个是高压, 而另一个是低压, 使 用一个梭阀 86 (未包括在制动阀组 34内), 就可以获得液压马达 12两个油口中的高 压油液, 该高压油液通过液压管路进入油口 X并推动常开式液控换向阀 50d, 使工作 通道 68与油箱通道 64连通, 于是制动器 14中的压力油液卸荷, 制动器 14释放; 当 臂架不回转时, 回转减速机 10中的液压马达 12的 A、 B两个油口均为低压, 这时从 梭阀出来的油液也是低压, 该低压油液不能推动液控换向阀 50c, 在弹簧力的作用下, 液控换向阀 50d的阀芯位于初始位置, 则工作通道 68与压力通道 66连通, 蓄能器 52 中的压力油液进入制动器 14, 克服弹簧力, 使制动器 14制动。 在图 7中, 采用常开式电磁换向阀 46a是因为: 当机器切断电源或系统意外断电 时, 液控换向阀 50d和电磁换向阀 46a的阀芯均位于初始位置, 此时工作通道 68与压 力通道 66连通,压力通道 66又与油箱通道 64连通, 制动器 14和蓄能器 52中压力油 液均卸荷, 制动器 14释放, 布料设备的臂架可以随风自由转动。 如图 3、 图 4、 图 5、 图 6、 图 7所示的制动阀组的实施例, 优先用于负载敏感液 压系统中, 否则, 负载反馈油口 LS需要堵住, 此时蓄能器充液时的流量不可以调节。 图 8是不同类型的充液阀、 工作阀、 卸荷阀的液压原理图, 其中, 40a和 40b用 作充液阀; 46a和 46b用作卸荷阀; 50a、 50b 50c和 50d用作工作阀。 图 9是制动阀组第一实施例的立体示意图。 结合参照图 3和图 4, 除控制模块 70 夕卜, 制动阀组 34的元件均安装在阀块 36上, 其中节流孔 38和单向阀 42安装在阀块 36内, 未在图 9中示出。 电磁换向阀 46a、 46b 50a、 50b优先选择螺纹插装阀, 这是因为常开式和常闭式 的电磁换向插装阀插装孔尺寸相同, 可以根据具体的使用工况要求, 在常开式和常开 式电磁换向插装阀之间进行更换, 而不用重新设计阀块 36。 例如若把本发明制动阀组 的第一实施例更改为第二实施例时, 只需要把阀 46a和 50a分别更换为 46b和 50b, 再修改控制模块 70中的控制逻辑即可。 在其它具体应用中, 本发明的制动阀组 34 可以由两个或两个以上的阀组组合而 成, 或者由液压元件通过管路连接而成。 图 10是塔式混凝土布料机的第一实施例的液压系统 78的液压原理图,图 11是混 凝土布料机的第二实施例的液压系统 84的液压原理图。 注意, 为简化起见, 图 10和图 11中省略了一些负载保持与运动控制阀 (如平衡 阀, 安装在油缸和马达的工作油路上) 和其它液压辅助元件, 这不影响对系统工作原 理的阐述。 如图 10所示, 本实施例的液压系统 78主要包括: 用于布料臂伸缩的 3个臂架油 缸 2、 4、 6; 用于布料机爬升的爬升油缸 8; 用于布料臂回转的液压回转减速机 10、 提供压力油液的定量油泵 16; 控制所述 3个臂架油缸 2、 4、 6、 爬升油缸 10和所述液 压回转减速机 10中液压马达 12运动的 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 72(适用于定量泵); 用于液压回转减速机 10中常开式制动器 14的制动阀组 34、整机控制器 74、与控制器 74通过射频信号连接的遥控器 76, 其中, 制动阀组 34的工作油口 C与制动器 14连 通,制动阀组 34的负载反馈油口 LS与 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 72的负载感应油口 Y连通; 制动阀组 34和 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 72与控制器 70信号连接; 整机控 制器 74包括制动阀组 34的控制模块 70。 如图 11所示, 本实施例 84的液压系统与图 10中第一实施例 78的区别在于: 本 实施例采用变量油泵 80和适用于变量油泵的 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 82, LS型负 载敏感多路换向阀 82的负载反馈油口 LS与变量泵 80的控制油口连通。 在 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀 72和 82中, 阀片的操纵方式均为电液比例操纵。 在本发明的塔式混凝土布料机的第一实施例的液压系统 78 和第二实施例的液压 系统 84中, 负载敏感多路换向阀 72或 82中有五个阀片, 其中, 阀片一用于布料臂爬 升、 阀片二用于布料臂回转, 阀片三用于臂架一臂油缸的伸缩, 阀片四用于臂架二臂 油缸的伸缩, 阀片五用于臂架三臂油缸的伸缩。 在其它实施例中, 可以根据执行器的数量, 增加或减少负载敏感多路换向阀中阀 片的数量。 当布料臂需要回转时, 操作员会操纵遥控器 76的相应摇杆, 向制动阀组 34中的 电磁换向阀 50a发送一个信号, 使电磁换向阀 50a失电, 工作通道 68与油箱通道 64 连通, 制动器 14中的压力油液卸荷, 依靠弹簧力, 制动器 14释放; 同时负载敏感多 路换向阀 72或 82中的回转阀片也会接收到一个与摇杆倾斜角度的大小相关的电液比 例信号, 使阀片动作, 回转减速机 10中的液压马达 12转动, 继而通过回转减速机、 回转支撑, 使布料臂转动。 改变摇杆的倾斜角度, 即可以实现回转运动的无级调速。 若布料臂不需要回转, 操作员松开遥控器 70的相应摇杆, 则制动阀组 34中的电 磁换向阀 50a得电, 工作通道 68与压力通道 66连通, 蓄能器 52中的压力油液进入制 动器 14, 克服弹簧力, 使制动器 14制动, 布料臂不能转动; 同时负载敏感多路换向 阀 72或 82中的回转阀片也回到中位, 阀口无油液流出, 回转减速机 10中的液压马达 14停止转动。 制动阀组与负载敏感多路换向阀配合使用时, 根据负载敏感液压系统的原理, 操 纵负载敏感多路换向阀使其它执行器动作时, 蓄能器充液不受影响, 可同时动作, 且 能保证蓄能器充液优先。 而蓄能器又为制动器提供压力油液, 这也就优先保证了制动 器的压力油液供应, 这符合安全操纵规范的要求。 由于制动器制动, 仅依靠蓄能器提 供压力油液, 所以制动器的制动与各个臂架油缸的伸缩运动之间也相互独立, 互不干 扰。 本发明的制动阀组高度集成,当和负载敏感多路换向阀配合使用时,只需一个(定 量或者变量) 油泵, 即可实现所有执行器的动作, 如臂架油缸的伸缩、 布料臂回转、 制动器制动。这样以少量的液压元件, 即可构建复杂的液压系统, 便于液压管路布置。 本发明的制动阀组和液压系统典型应用为塔式混凝土布料机等布料设备 (其回转 减速机制动器是常开式)。 以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已, 并不用于限制本发明。 对于本领域的技 术人员来说, 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的 任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种制动阀组, 其特征在于, 包括:
蓄能器, 用于存储油液;
压力检测器, 用于检测所述蓄能器中油液的压力;
充液阀 , 设置在所述蓄能器的充液油路上, 用于所述蓄能器的充液; 单向阀, 用于锁住所述充液油路内的油液, 防止油液回流; 以及 工作阀, 设置在所述蓄能器的工作油路上, 用于控制所述蓄能器的油液释 放。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 还包括控制模块, 用于根据所 述压力检测器的检测信号, 控制所述充液阀, 将所述蓄能器中油液的压力控制 在设定压力范围之内。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述压力检测器包括第一压力 开关和第二压力开关, 其中, 所述控制模块用于将所述蓄能器的压力控制在所 述第一压力开关的设定压力和第二压力开关的设定压力之间。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述制动阀组还包括阀块, 其 中, 所述阀块设置有油源通道、 充液通道、 负载压力反馈通道、 压力通道、 工 作通道、 以及油箱通道, 其中, 所述负载压力反馈通道与所述充液通道连通, 所述单向阀位于所述充液通道与所述压力通道之间。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述阀块还包括: 多个油口, 与所述压力通道连通,分别用于安装所述蓄能器和所述压力检测器; 油源油口, 与所述油源通道连通; 回油油口, 与所述油箱通道连通; 工作油口, 与所述工 作通道连通; 负载反馈油口, 与所述负载压力反馈通道连通; 以及多个测压油 口, 与所述压力通道或工作通道连通。
6. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述阀块的充液通道通过所述 充液阀与所述油源通道和油箱通道择一连通。
7. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述阀块的工作通道通过所述 工作阀与所述压力通道和油箱通道择一连通。
8. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 还包括位于所述压力通道和油 箱通道之间的限压阀, 用于限制所述蓄能器中油液的压力, 保护所述蓄能器。
9. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 还包括位于所述压力通道和油 箱通道之间的卸荷阀, 使所述蓄能器中的压力油液卸荷, 所述卸荷阀选自手动 卸荷阀和 /或电控卸荷阀。
10. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述充液阀的进油口前设有节 流孔。
11. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述充液阀为常闭式电磁换向 阀或常开式电磁换向阀。
12. 根据权利要求 4所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述工作阀为常闭式电磁换向 阀或常开式电磁换向阀或电比例减压泄压阀或常开式液控换向阀。
13. 根据权利要求 9所述的制动阀组, 其特征在于, 所述工作阀和卸荷阀均为螺纹 插装阀。
14. 一种液压系统, 包括油泵、 液压制动器和多个执行器, 其特征在于, 还包括: 根据权利要求 1至 13中任一项所述的制动阀组,其中,所述制动阀组中的 工作油路与液压制动器连通;
负载敏感多路换向阀, 用于控制所述多个执行器的运动; 以及 控制器, 用于控制所述负载敏感多路换向阀。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的液压系统,其特征在于,所述制动阀组的负载感应油口
(LS) 与所述负载敏感多路换向阀的负载感应油口 (Y) 连通。
16. 根据权利要求 14所述的液压系统, 其特征在于, 所述油泵为 1个定量泵, 所述 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀。
17. 根据权利要求 14所述的液压系统, 其特征在于, 所述油泵为 1个变量泵, 所述 负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型或 1个 LUDV型负载敏感多路换向阀。
18. 根据权利要求 14所述的液压系统,其特征在于,所述控制器还包括所述制动阀 组的控制模块。
19. 一种混凝土布料设备, 包括液压系统, 所述液压系统包括用于布料臂伸展的多 个臂架油缸、 用于布料臂回转的液压马达、 用于向所述多个臂架油缸和液压马 达提供压力油液的油泵、 以及用于布料臂回转制动的液压制动器,其特征在于, 还包括:
用于控制所述多个臂架油缸和所述液压马达运动的负载敏感多路换向阀; 根据权利要求 4至 13中任一项所述的制动阀组,其中,所述制动阀组的工 作油路与所述液压制动器连通, 所述制动阀组的阀块的负载压力反馈通道的负 载反馈油口与所述负载敏感多路换向阀的负载感应油口连通; 以及
用于控制所述负载敏感多路换向阀的控制器, 其中, 所述控制器包括所述 制动阀组的控制模块。
20. 根据权利要求 19所述的混凝土布料设备,其特征在于,所述油泵为 1个定量泵, 所述负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀。
21. 根据权利要求 19所述的混凝土布料设备,其特征在于,所述油泵为 1个变量泵, 所述负载敏感多路换向阀为 1个 LS型负载敏感多路换向阀或 1个 LUDV型负 载敏感多路换向阀。
22. 根据权利要求 19所述的混凝土布料设备,其特征在于,所述混凝土布料设备为 塔式混凝土布料机或混凝土泵车。
23. 根据权利要求 19所述的混凝土布料设备,其特征在于,还包括与所述控制器通 过射频信号连接的遥控器。
PCT/CN2011/078500 2011-08-16 2011-08-16 制动阀组、具有该制动阀组的液压系统和混凝土布料机 Ceased WO2013023366A1 (zh)

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