WO2013021842A1 - Système d'allègement au gaz et procédé d'allègement au gaz - Google Patents

Système d'allègement au gaz et procédé d'allègement au gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013021842A1
WO2013021842A1 PCT/JP2012/069173 JP2012069173W WO2013021842A1 WO 2013021842 A1 WO2013021842 A1 WO 2013021842A1 JP 2012069173 W JP2012069173 W JP 2012069173W WO 2013021842 A1 WO2013021842 A1 WO 2013021842A1
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Prior art keywords
riser pipe
pipe
deaeration
pressure
gas
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PCT/JP2012/069173
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
拓樹 中村
雅樹 川瀬
章 糸島
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三井海洋開発株式会社
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Publication of WO2013021842A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013021842A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/18—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium being mixed with, or generated from the liquid to be pumped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0052—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B01D19/0057—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused the centrifugal movement being caused by a vortex, e.g. using a cyclone, or by a tangential inlet
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/005—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material conveying material from the underwater bottom

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a bubble lift for lifting solid or liquid substances such as deep seabeds, lake bottoms, riverbeds, etc., or sand, sediments, minerals, etc.
  • the present invention relates to a system and a bubble lift method.
  • Gas lift technology is widely used for crude oil production in order to efficiently lift heavy oil that is slightly lighter than seawater from undersea oil fields that have poor self-injection pressure.
  • this technology by injecting a gas whose mass is relatively negligible into the liquid inside the riser pipe, the liquid column pressure in the pipe is lowered by the volume ratio, and at the lower end of the riser pipe, the riser pipe This is a technology that generates indentation force due to the pressure of seawater and oil reservoir pressure. It has been confirmed that a bubble lift (including air lift or gas lift) technology can be effectively used even in minerals having a large specific gravity by making a slurry finely crushed and mixed with seawater.
  • slurries earth and sand, sludge, etc.
  • the surrounding liquid soil or water
  • slurries whose specific gravity is considerably larger than the surrounding liquid (seawater or water)
  • the average specific gravity of the mixed fluid cannot be reduced below the surrounding liquid, and an upward flow cannot be generated in the riser pipe, so that it is not possible to generate a pushing force due to a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the lower end of the riser pipe.
  • the bubbles injected into the riser pipe in the deep water region and the medium water depth region increase the volume of the bubble as the mixed fluid consisting of the bubbles and slurry rises to the shallow water depth region and the pressure decreases. Since the volume of the solid hardly increases, the volume ratio of the bubble in the mixed fluid increases at an accelerated rate. As a result, as the upper end of the riser pipe is approached, the flow velocity of the upward flow becomes too large, the ratio of the amount of the object to be lifted in the mixed fluid is relatively lowered, the pulling efficiency is deteriorated, or in the worst case The problem that the object to be lifted cannot be lifted at all occurs. This problem is due to the fact that the relationship between the volume of the bubbles and the water depth is approximately inversely proportional, and becomes more significant as the water depth where the object to be lifted exists is larger. It happens prominently when it comes to the area.
  • the bubbles injected at the lower end of the riser pipe only have a volume 10 times higher at the upper end of the riser pipe.
  • the volume of bubbles injected at the lower end of the riser pipe is 500 times as high as the upper end of the riser pipe.
  • the volume of bubbles injected at a water depth of 5,000 m increases only by 25% while it rises to a water depth of 4,000 m, but increases fivefold at a water depth of 1,000 m.
  • the water depth is 50 times at 100 m, and further 500 times near the water surface.
  • the bubble flow rate is set so that the flow velocity at the upper end of the riser pipe does not exceed, for example, 10 m / sec in consideration of erosion even when only seawater is inhaled.
  • bubble ratio the ratio of bubbles in the mixed fluid at the upper end of the riser pipe
  • the slurry when the slurry is pulled up from the seabed at a depth of 1,000 m under the same conditions, the slurry can be lifted only up to about 20% heavier than seawater. For this reason, in order to pull up minerals with a high specific gravity, the proportion of seawater in the slurry must be maintained so that the specific gravity of the slurry is 1.2 or less. It is generally not easy to manage the mixing ratio in the deep sea.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and its purpose is to provide a degassing device for degassing the air bubbles that have been centrifuged even in the shallow water depth region in the middle of the riser pipe,
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a bubble lift system and a bubble lift method that can evenly distribute bubbles and can be used efficiently even in a deep water region.
  • a bubble lift that pulls up an object such as a slurry with an average specific gravity larger than the surrounding seawater from the deep water area, and lowers the average liquid column pressure in the riser pipe. Even if it is injected into the riser pipe in the area or the middle water depth area, the shallow water depth area, for example, about 1/10 of the upper part of the riser pipe, that is, about 100 m above the water surface, that is, about 100 m above the water surface if the water depth is 1,000 m
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a bubble lift system and a bubble lift method capable of avoiding an excessive bubble ratio such that the volume of bubbles exceeds, for example, 90% of the volume of the mixed fluid in a portion from the water surface to the vicinity of the water surface.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a bubble lift system and a bubble lift method that are not disposed in a slurry system of a pipe or a receiving device.
  • the bubble lift system of the present invention comprises a bottom of the riser pipe for raising the bottom of the water or a solid or liquid substance below the bottom of the water through the riser pipe to the vicinity of the water surface.
  • Bubbles that inject gas raise the gas in a bubble state, suck the object to be pulled up into the riser pipe at the lower end of the riser pipe by the effect of pressure reduction of the fluid column in the riser pipe by the bubble, and pull it up on the water surface
  • the mixed fluid in the riser pipe is rotated to collect bubbles and gas in the mixed fluid at the rotation center by the centrifugal force effect, and from the rotation center.
  • a deaeration device for discharging bubbles and gas to the outside of the riser pipe is provided.
  • this deaeration device by providing this deaeration device at an appropriate position, for example, in the vicinity of a water depth of 200 m, the mixed fluid that rises with the bubbles inside the riser pipe is spirally formed at the spiral portion (volute portion).
  • the degassing pipe (vent) is inserted into the rotation center by collecting the bubbles and gas at the rotation center by centrifugal effect that induces rotation and causes the slurry containing the object to be pulled up in the mixed fluid to be pressed against the outer wall by centrifugal force.
  • the excess bubbles and gas are discharged from the tube) to the outside of the riser tube by a deaeration device, and the gas volume can be reduced at this depth.
  • the mixed fluid after reducing the bubbles is mixed well again with the slurry by a fixed vane or the like provided in the pipe so that the fluid can be efficiently lifted even above it.
  • a plurality of the deaeration devices of the present invention may be installed at different water depths, and may be deaerated (vented) little by little. With this configuration, it is possible to equalize the ratio of the volume occupied by the bubbles from the deep water region to the shallow water region, thereby further equalizing the flow velocity of the fluid and maximizing the fluid pulling efficiency.
  • the deaeration device does not need to be dynamically controlled in accordance with the state of drawing in the amount of gas injected into the lower portion of the riser pipe, and only the surrounding water is used.
  • One or more should be installed so that the flow rate of the mixed fluid is within the preset range even if the vacuum is drawn, and the specific gravity exceeds the specific gravity even if only the object to be pulled is sucked.
  • one or more deaeration devices are set so as to be within a pressure range set in advance by a calculation simulation or the like, and the pressure range is set.
  • the object to be lifted can be lifted efficiently simply by adjusting the deaeration amount so as to be inside.
  • the deaeration device is configured to cause rotation by guiding the mixed fluid in the riser pipe spirally. According to this configuration, the swirl flow can be generated with a very simple configuration.
  • bubbles or gas discharged to the outside of the riser pipe is guided to the water surface by a deaeration transfer pipe connected to the deaeration pipe and released to the atmosphere. Configured to do. According to this configuration, since the pressure at the time of opening becomes atmospheric pressure, the pressure in the deaeration transfer pipe is lowered, and deaeration in the deaeration device is facilitated.
  • the bubbles or gas discharged to the outside of the riser pipe are guided to the compressor on the water surface again by a deaeration transfer pipe connected to the deaeration pipe. It compresses and it comprises so that it may send in the lower side of the said riser pipe
  • the compressor is configured by a multistage compressor, and a plurality of the degassing devices are installed at different water depths, and the degassing transfer pipes from the respective degassing devices are compressed by the multistage compression. Configure to lead to different stages of the machine. With this configuration, it is possible to equalize the ratio of the volume occupied by the bubbles from the deep water region to the shallow water region, thereby further equalizing the flow velocity of the fluid and maximizing the fluid pulling efficiency. In addition, the energy required for compression can be reduced.
  • the deaeration transfer pipe is configured to control the deaeration amount on the water surface by providing a pressure regulating valve, a throttle valve, an orifice, etc. on the water surface.
  • the flow rate of the mixed fluid at the upper end of the riser pipe is within the design maximum flow rate and only solids are drawn even if only seawater is drawn in while maintaining a certain amount of bubble injection. It is also desirable to have the ability to be pulled up without being stuck.
  • the flow rate does not increase excessively even if a slurry lighter than the design specific gravity is drawn. For example, when pulling up solids whose specific gravity is more than twice that of seawater by bubble lift at a water depth of 5,000 m, even if the seawater concentration in the slurry becomes 100%, the solids concentration becomes 100%. However, continuous operation with the set amount of bubble injection fixed is practically possible.
  • the deaeration pipe in the deaeration device, is provided with a pressure relief valve that operates due to a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the riser pipe, and the deaeration amount is controlled by the pressure relief valve. , Configured to regulate the pressure in the riser tube.
  • the deaeration pipe of the deaeration device is provided with a pressure relief valve that opens and closes at the same 5 atm as the pressure difference inside and outside the riser pipe. Even if injected from the part, the bubbles can be discharged until a pressure difference of 5 atm is reached at a certain depth of the deaeration device, as before, before the volume of the bubbles becomes excessive at the top of the riser tube.
  • the bubble lift method of the present invention lowers the riser pipe from the vicinity of the water surface or below the water bottom, and injects the gas in the form of bubbles below the riser pipe. Due to the effect of reducing the pressure of the fluid column in the riser pipe due to the bubbles, the object to be lifted collected near the lower end of the riser pipe is sucked at the lower end side of the riser pipe and provided at the upper end of the riser pipe.
  • the bubble lift method for pulling up the mixed fluid containing the object to be pulled up to the receiving device the bubble or part of the gas in the mixed fluid is degassed by the deaeration device provided on the upper side of the riser pipe. To do.
  • an increase in the volume ratio of bubbles or gas in the mixed fluid in the vicinity of the upper end of the riser pipe can be further suppressed.
  • the flow rate is within the design range even if dynamic control according to the pull-in situation is not applied to the amount of injected air or only the seawater is pulled in (the specific gravity is minimized). Even if only the solid content having a large specific gravity is drawn in, it can be kept within the design upper limit specific gravity.
  • the place where the maximum bubble ratio is generated is not limited to the upper end portion of the riser pipe but also to a shallow water depth region. Since multiple locations can be set, the proportion of bubbles occupied by the entire riser pipe from the deep water region to the shallow water region can be equalized, so the bubble rate should be increased on average without increasing the maximum flow velocity. Can do.
  • the overall flow rate inside the riser tube especially the flow rate at the upper end of the riser tube, can be greatly reduced, so the problem of erosion can be drastically reduced, and the riser tube itself and its connection from the upper end to downstream processes can be reduced.
  • Elasticity that can absorb metal with lower hardness use lighter materials such as plastics and elastomers, and corrosion-resistant materials, and absorb coatings, liner materials, vibration-proof materials, vibration-damping materials, and bending. It is possible to use materials and the like.
  • the detachment can be performed simply by lifting the riser pipe just like the conventional drilling rig. It becomes possible to do. Also, in the unlikely event of an emergency, parts outside the hull will be separated and removed, and even if a situation occurs in which the separated objects cannot be recovered, the possibility of detaching expensive high-functional parts is excluded. Can be.
  • the riser tube is relatively thin and has the same diameter from the lower end to the upper end, it can be lifted efficiently. Therefore, while using the conventional drill rig system and the drill rig system that handles the riser tube, Can raise in the area. Therefore, the development cost can be greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a bubble lift system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of the deaeration device.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration of a receiving device including a pressurized chamber, a run-up weir, and the like.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the set pressure of the pressurizing chamber and the maximum specific gravity of the slurry to be pulled up.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the maximum specific gravity of the slurry pulled up by the set pressure of the pressurizing chamber and the water depth.
  • the bubble lift system 10 is configured as shown in FIG.
  • a drill ship 1 that floats on the sea surface (water surface) 2, a system that is used to lift the sea bottom (water bottom) 3 or resources under the sea bottom 3, a riser pipe 11, a collector 12, gas
  • the feeding device 13, the deaeration device 14, and the receiving device 20 are provided.
  • the bubble lift system 10 passes through a riser pipe 11 through a riser pipe 11 with a bottom 3 such as a seabed, a lake bottom, or a riverbed, or a solid or liquid substance (a target to be lifted) such as sand, sediment, or mineral below the bottom 3.
  • a gas is injected and raised at the lower part of the riser pipe 11, and the object to be lifted is surrounded at the lower end of the riser pipe 11 by the effect of reducing the pressure of the fluid column in the riser pipe 11.
  • This is a system in which the water is sucked into the riser pipe 11 together with water and the object to be pulled up is pulled up on the water surface 2 together with water and gas.
  • This drillship 1 uses a drillship equipped with an automatic ship position retention system in order to lift deep seabed sediments. Further, the riser pipe 11 of the drill ship 1 is used as the riser pipe 11 of the bubble lift system 10. The riser pipe 11 of the drill ship 1 is usually used for recovering the drilling mud during excavation using a method using the drilling mud. Note that the drilling function of the drilling rig provided in the drill ship 1 need not be used.
  • the riser pipe 11 is constituted by connecting a number of short pipes having an inner diameter of 50 cm and a length of about 27 m with flanges, for example. It is preferable to use a material resistant to erosion in the shallow water depth region where the flow velocity of the riser pipe 11 is relatively high, and to use a lightweight material in the middle water depth region and the large water depth region.
  • the riser tube 11 is provided with a collection device 12 at the lower end, a gas inlet device 13 on the lower side, and a deaeration device 14 on the upper side, respectively.
  • the upper end side of the riser pipe 11 is connected to the pressurizing chamber 21 of the receiving device 20.
  • the gas inlet device 12 As a pipe for sending compressed air for bubble lift to the gas inlet device 13 provided at the lower part of the riser pipe 11, it is usually used outside the main pipe of the riser pipe 11 for an ejection prevention device. Since a narrow tube called a kill line or a choke line is arranged and held, a high-pressure thin tube arranged and held in the same manner as these is used.
  • the gas inlet device 12 is composed of a special short tube with an air lift valve for injecting compressed air into the riser tube 11, and the short tube as the gas inlet device 13 has a deep water depth, Used for several short pipes used in deep water.
  • a special short pipe provided with a deaeration device 14 is used for several short pipes used in shallow water depths.
  • the deaeration device 14 includes an outer wall 14a, a spiral pipe 14b, a deaeration pipe 14c, and a deaeration transfer pipe (vent exclusive pipe) 14d.
  • a pressure relief valve may be provided in place of the deaeration transfer pipe (vent exclusive pipe) 14d.
  • white circles indicate bubbles
  • cross hatched portions indicate, for example, mixed slurry of seawater and an object (sand, crushed minerals, etc.), and single hatched portions are The seawater-only part is shown, and the white part is the gas part.
  • the outer wall 14a is formed with a diameter larger than that of the main pipe of the riser pipe 11, and includes a cylindrical portion, a lower tapered portion on the lower side thereof, and an upper tapered portion on the upper side of the cylindrical portion.
  • the entire outer wall 14a accommodates the entire spiral pipe 14b and a part of the deaeration pipe 14c, and is formed to have a size capable of containing the swirling flow of the mixed fluid flowing in from the short pipe of the lower riser pipe 11.
  • the spiral pipe 14b is a pipe whose lower end is connected to the main pipe of the lower riser pipe 11 and is spirally arranged along the inside of the lower taper portion of the outer wall 14a. There is an opening in the cylindrical part.
  • the mixed fluid flowing out from the spiral pipe 14b is configured to form a swirling flow along the outer wall 14a. That is, a swirling flow is generated by guiding the mixed fluid in the riser pipe 11 in a spiral shape.
  • the deaeration pipe 14c is configured by a pipe having an opening at a central portion with respect to the cross section of the cylindrical portion of the outer wall 14a and passing through the outer wall 14a and going out.
  • the deaeration pipe 14 c is connected to a deaeration transfer pipe (vent exclusive pipe) 14 d provided outside the main pipe of the riser pipe 11.
  • the deaeration device 14 generates a swirling flow in the mixed fluid that rises inside the riser pipe 11 in the upper portion of the riser pipe 11, that is, in the middle of the vicinity of the upper end of the riser pipe 11.
  • the air bubbles are collected by the rotation center, and the collected bubbles are discharged to the outside of the riser pipe 11 from a deaeration pipe 14c having an opening at the rotation center.
  • the mixed fluid that rises inside the riser pipe 11 together with the bubbles is spirally guided in the shell-shaped spiral pipe (volute) 14 b to cause rotation, and the object of pulling up slurry etc. by centrifugal force Due to the centrifugal effect of pressing the object against the outer wall 14a, the bubbles can be collected at the center of rotation, and excess bubbles can be discharged out of the deaeration device 14 from the deaeration tube 14c inserted into the center of rotation.
  • this deaeration device 14 bubbles or gas discharged to the outside of the riser pipe 11 are guided to the water surface 2 by a deaeration transfer pipe 14 d connected to the deaeration pipe 14 c and released into the atmosphere under atmospheric pressure.
  • the deaeration transfer pipe 14d connected to the deaeration pipe 14c may be led into the pressurization chamber 21 and released under pressure.
  • the energy required for the compression is obtained by circulating the discharged gas to the compressor together with the gas separated in the pressurizing chamber 21 and reusing it as air lift bubbles without expanding the discharged gas to atmospheric pressure. Can be reduced.
  • a pressure regulating valve, a throttle valve, and an orifice may be provided on the water surface 2 so that the deaeration transfer pipe 14d can adjust the deaeration amount flowing into the pressurizing chamber 21 and the compressor. With this configuration, the deaeration amount can be adjusted on the water surface 2 as necessary.
  • a compressor that compresses air is configured as a multistage compressor, and the air (gas) separated in the pressurizing chamber 21 is compressed to It is configured to be sent again to the lower side, and bubbles or gas discharged to the outside of the riser pipe 11 by the deaeration pipe 14c in the deaeration device 14 and the deaeration transfer pipe 11d connected to the deaeration pipe 11c are used for the multistage compressor.
  • the gas from the pressurized chamber 21 is led to the high pressure stage.
  • the energy required for compression can be further reduced by turning the discharged gas to the compressor with higher pressure and reusing it as bubbles for bubble lift.
  • the pressurizing chamber 21 By providing the pressurizing chamber 21 at the upper end of the riser pipe 11, a unique phenomenon that the pressure inside the riser pipe 11 becomes higher than the water pressure outside the pipe can be used. Due to the effect of the chamber 21, the pressure inside the riser pipe 11 is set in a shallow water depth region where the pressure outside the pipe is higher than the pressure outside the pipe, and bubbles or gas are introduced into the sea (underwater) outside the riser pipe 11 using the pressure difference between the inside and outside. May be discharged. In this case, the deaeration transfer pipe 14d can be dispensed with.
  • the deaeration pipe 14c is provided with a pressure relief valve (not shown) that operates due to a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the riser pipe 11, and the pressure inside the riser pipe 11 is adjusted by controlling the deaeration amount by this pressure relief valve.
  • a pressure relief valve (not shown) that operates due to a pressure difference between the inside and outside of the riser pipe 11, and the pressure inside the riser pipe 11 is adjusted by controlling the deaeration amount by this pressure relief valve.
  • the pressure in the riser pipe 11 can be adjusted with a very simple configuration.
  • a fixed vane or the like is provided inside the riser pipe 11 so that the mixed fluid after the bubbles are reduced by the degassing device 14 can be efficiently raised even above the portion where the bubbles are reduced, and the object to be lifted It is preferable that the air bubbles and the seawater are mixed well again.
  • This deaeration device 14 may be provided at a plurality of locations (two locations in FIG. 1) with different water depths so as to gradually deaerate (vent) at a plurality of stages.
  • the volume ratio of bubbles in the mixed fluid that rises inside the riser pipe 11 can be substantially equalized from the deep water area to the shallow water area, and thus the flow velocity of the mixed fluid can be more equalized. Fluid pulling efficiency can be maximized.
  • a deaeration device 14 is provided at an appropriate position, for example, in the vicinity of a water depth of 200 m, and the pressure relief in which the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the riser pipe 11 is opened and closed at the same 5 atmospheres as the initial in the deaeration pipe 14c. If a valve is provided, even if more bubbles are injected from the lower part of the riser pipe 11, the volume of the bubbles is the same as the original at a depth of 200 m before the volume of the bubbles becomes excessive at the top of the riser pipe 11. Until the pressure difference between the inside and outside reaches 5 atm, the bubbles in the deaeration device 14 can be discharged to the outside.
  • the main pipe of the riser pipe 11 is connected to the pressurizing chamber 21 of the receiving apparatus 20, and the blower side piping of the compressor for sending the compressed air to the gas inlet apparatus 12 is the main pipe of the riser pipe 11. It is connected to a high-pressure tubule placed outside the tube.
  • the ratio of the volume of bubbles in the mixed fluid rising in the riser pipe 11 in the shallow water depth region is It is configured to suppress the increase.
  • the pressurizing pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 does not need to be dynamically controlled in accordance with the drawing state into the gas injection amount injected at the lower portion of the riser pipe 11, and only the surrounding water is sucked.
  • the flow rate of the mixed fluid is within the preset range, and even if only the object to be pulled is sucked, the pressure within the preset pressure range is set so that the specific gravity exceeds the design upper limit specific gravity.
  • the pressurization pressure of the pressurization chamber 21 is set within a pressure range set in advance by a calculation simulation or the like in consideration of the pulling depth, the specific gravity of the pulling target, and the like.
  • the object to be lifted can be efficiently lifted simply by adjusting the pressurizing pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21.
  • the pressure in the pressurizing chamber 21 is preferably adjusted to 1/50 or more and 1/3 or less, more preferably 1/50 or more and 1/10 or less of the water pressure at the lower end portion of the riser pipe 11.
  • this pressure is less than 1/50, the effect of suppressing the volume of bubbles by the pressurizing chamber 21 is reduced, and the merit for providing the pressurizing chamber 21 is lost.
  • this pressure is greater than 1/3, the pressure resistance of the pressurizing chamber 21 is increased, and the required capacity of the compressor is increased, but no further improvement in the pulling capacity can be expected.
  • the pressure resistance performance of the pressurizing chamber 21 can be lowered, the receiving device 20 as a whole can be made compact, and if necessary, by using a deaeration system together Sufficient pulling performance can be obtained.
  • the pressurized chamber 21 is formed in a cyclone shape so that the mixed fluid from the riser pipe 11 is introduced into the pressurized chamber 21 from the tangential direction, thereby generating a swirling flow.
  • separates the slurry containing gas and the pulling-up target object can be given by the centrifugal separation effect using the flow velocity of this mixed fluid.
  • the separated gas A is extracted from the top of the pressurizing chamber 21 and is rotated to a compressor while being pressurized, and is reused as compressed air for bubble lift without being expanded to atmospheric pressure. be able to.
  • white circles indicate bubbles
  • cross hatched portions indicate, for example, a slurry in which seawater and an object (sand, crushed minerals, etc.) are mixed, and a single hatched portion. Indicates only seawater, and the white part indicates the gas part.
  • the upstream weirs 22A, 22B, and 22C including the pressure vessel 22a and the slurry pipe 22b accommodated in the pressure vessel 22a are provided downstream of the pressurization chamber 21.
  • the upstream downstream weirs 22A, 22B, and 22C of the respective stages are configured to keep the pressure downstream of the slurry tube 22b within the design range by controlling the pressure in the gas phase portion of the pressure vessel 22a including the upper end of the slurry tube 22b. .
  • communication pipes 28A and 28B are provided for communicating the gas phase portion of the pressure vessel 22a of the upstream weirs 22A, 22B and 22C and the upper portions of the U seals 27A and 27B, and pressure control of the gas phase portion of the pressure vessel 22a is provided. Is configured to be performed by U seals 27A and 27B that are provided with a single stage or a plurality of stages (two stages in FIG. 3) and use the pressure of the liquid column.
  • the slurry pipes 22b of the upstream weirs 22A, 22B, and 22C communicate with the lower part of the preceding pressurization chamber 21 and the pressure vessel 22b, and the slurry introduced from these parts into the slurry pipe 22b from the lower part to the inside. It guides and overflows into the pressure vessel 22b at the upper part.
  • the amount of pressure reduction in each stage can be adjusted by the height of the slurry tube 22b and the specific gravity of the slurry.
  • the pressure in the lower portion of the slurry tube 22b is the sum of the pressure in the gas phase portion of the pressure vessel 22a and the liquid pressure of the slurry in the slurry tube 22b, the pressure in the gas phase portion of the pressure vessel 22a can be adjusted.
  • the internal pressure of the pressure chamber 21 or the pressure vessel 22b in the preceding stage can be adjusted and controlled.
  • the upper part of the pressure vessel 22a of the first stage upstream dam 22A communicates with the upper part of the first stage U-seal 27A through the communication pipe 28A, and the second stage upstream dam.
  • the upper part of the pressure vessel 22a of 22B communicates with the upper part of the second stage U-seal 27B via a communication pipe 28B, and the upper part of the pressure vessel 22a of the third stage upstream weir 22C is opened to the atmosphere by an open pipe 28C. It is open.
  • the pressure P3 inside the pressure vessel 22a of the third stage upstream weir 22C is the atmospheric pressure Po
  • P2 is the sum of the atmospheric pressure Po and the pressure Pb of the liquid column of the second stage U-seal 27B.
  • the separation tank 23 is connected to the outlet of the last upstream weir 22A, 22B, 22C, and the slurry containing the object to be lifted is temporarily stored, and the object to be lifted is settled. Let it separate from seawater.
  • the precipitate B is extracted from the lower side in consideration of the time for precipitation.
  • the precipitate B accumulates below the separation tank 23 and is pushed out from the lower outlet by the pressure due to its own weight in the separation tank 23, but may be discharged by a slurry pump (not shown).
  • the liquid (seawater) C from which the precipitate B has been removed becomes a supernatant and is discharged from the upper outlet to the outside of the separation tank 23, and after performing necessary post-treatment such as removal of the mixture, it is returned to the ocean. . Further, a part of the liquid (seawater) C is discharged from the upper side of the separation tank 23 by the U-seal liquid supply pump 24 and extracted from the U-seal liquid supply pipe 25 to the liquid reservoir 26. This liquid is used for the liquid columns of the U seals 27A and 27B.
  • the riser pipe 11 is lowered from above the sea surface 2 such as the drill ship 1 floating on the sea surface (water surface) 2 to the bottom of the seabed 3 or below the bottom of the seabed 3.
  • a gas is injected into the gas supply device 13 provided in the form of bubbles to rise, and due to the fluid column pressure reduction effect in the riser tube 11 by this gas, the collector 12 provided at the lower end of the riser tube 11
  • the collected object to be pulled is sucked at the lower end side of the riser pipe 11, and when the mixed fluid containing the object to be pulled is pulled up to the receiving device 20 provided at the upper end of the riser pipe 11,
  • a degassing device 14 is provided to degas bubbles or a part of the gas in the mixed fluid, and a riser pipe is provided by a pressurized chamber 21 provided at the upper end of the riser pipe 11. It is possible to take the bubble lift method of applying pressure to the inside of one of the upper end, it is possible to suppress the increase in the ratio of the volume of the bubble
  • the slurry goes up the slurry pipes 22b of the run-up weirs 22A, 22B, and 22C, then falls inside each pressure vessel 22a, and the slurry accumulated at the bottom of the pressure vessel 22a moves further downstream. It is pushed out to another pressure vessel 22a in the weir 22B or 22C. By repeating this, the pressure by the slurry containing the object to be pulled is finally lowered to atmospheric pressure.
  • the riser pipe 11 is lowered from the vicinity of the water surface 2 to the bottom 3 or below the bottom 3, and the gas is injected into the lower side of the riser pipe 11 to rise, Due to the effect of reducing the pressure of the fluid column in the riser pipe 11 by the bubbles, the objects to be lifted collected near the lower end of the riser pipe 11 are sucked at the lower end side of the riser pipe 11 and the receiving device 20 provided at the upper end of the riser pipe 11
  • the mixed fluid containing the object to be pulled up is pulled up, and a part of bubbles or gas in the mixed fluid is degassed by the deaeration device 14 provided on the upper side of the riser pipe 11.
  • a rotating device in the process of pulling up the object to be lifted, a rotating device, a shut-off valve, and a pressure regulator that are highly likely to fail due to breakage, biting, biting, etc. There is no need to provide valves, throttle valves, orifices, etc. in the slurry system.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the set pressure of the pressurized chamber 21 and the maximum specific gravity of the mixed fluid to be pulled up.
  • the horizontal axis represents the set pressure of the pressurized chamber 21, and the vertical axis represents the bubble lift at a water depth of 5,000 m.
  • the specific gravity of the upper limit slurry at is shown.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the maximum specific gravity of the slurry pulled up by the set pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 and the water depth, the horizontal axis is the water depth, and the vertical axis is the set pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 of 20 atm. The specific gravity of the upper limit slurry in each case is shown.
  • the pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 and the amount of bubble injection are fixed in the bubble lift system 10 that pulls up the object from the water bottom 3.
  • the bubble injection amount is set to an upper limit amount at which the mixed fluid flow velocity at the upper end of the riser pipe 11 does not exceed 10 m / second even when the water concentration in the slurry becomes 100%. If the solid concentration is increased and the specific gravity of the slurry is increased with the setting, the flow rate is decreased, while the bubble ratio is increased. It is assumed that the slurry specific gravity at which the bubble ratio at the upper end of the riser tube 11 reaches 90% is a practical upper limit of the slurry specific gravity raised by the bubble lift system 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows a change in performance when the pressure setting of the pressurizing chamber 21 is changed at a water depth of 5,000 m.
  • the pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 of the present invention is atmospheric pressure.
  • the slurry having a specific gravity higher than seawater is not pulled up. It can be seen that the slurry having a specific gravity of about 1.5 times that of seawater can be pulled up by setting the pressure of the pressurized chamber 21 to about 20 atmospheres.
  • FIG. 5 shows changes in performance when the bubble lift system 10 in which the pressure of the pressurizing chamber 21 is 20 atm is used at various water depths. At a water depth of 1,000 m, it is possible to pull up slurry having a specific gravity about three times that of seawater. The deeper the water depth, the lower the specific gravity of the upper limit. It shows that the slurry of the degree can be pulled up.
  • the bubble lift system 10 and the bubble lift method of the invention having the above-described configuration, by providing the pressurization chamber 21 at the upper end portion of the riser pipe 11, in the conventional technology, in a large water depth region, for example, a water depth of 5,000 m.
  • the volume ratio of the air bubbles is 500 times that of the lower end portion at the upper end portion of the riser tube 11, it can be lifted up to a slurry that is only a few percent heavier than seawater. Even in such a case, an increase in the volume ratio occupied by bubbles at the upper end of the riser tube 11 can be suppressed to a practical tens of times or less.
  • a place where the maximum bubble ratio is generated can be set not only at the upper end of the riser pipe 11 but also at a shallow water depth region. Since the ratio of the volume occupied by bubbles in the entire riser pipe 11 from the region to the shallow water region can be equalized, the ratio of bubbles can be increased on average without increasing the maximum flow velocity.
  • the flow rate of the entire riser pipe 11, particularly the flow speed at the upper end of the riser pipe 11, can be greatly suppressed, so that the problem of erosion can be drastically reduced.
  • a metal with lower hardness a light weight material such as plastic or elastomer, or a corrosion-resistant material, or a coating, liner material, vibration-proof material, vibration-damping material, or bending. It is possible to use an elastic material or the like that can absorb water.
  • the use of lightweight riser pipes can cope with greater depths of water, the cost reduction effect of using inexpensive corrosion-resistant coatings and liners, and the effect of avoiding longitudinal vibration resonance and vortex-excited vibration with the wave period by changing materials Can be played.
  • a flexible riser or bellows using a thin metal plate on the inner surface can be used, and an expensive and complicated riser tensioner or telescopic joint can be eliminated.
  • the riser pipe 11 that is relatively thin and has the same diameter from the lower end to the upper end can be efficiently lifted, so that the riser pipe 11 of the conventional drilling ship and the drill rig system that handles the riser pipe 11 are used as they are. Can be lifted in deep water. Therefore, the development cost can be greatly reduced.
  • a swirl flow is generated in the mixed fluid that rises inside the riser tube in the upper portion of the riser tube, and the bubbles and the gas are rotated about the center of rotation by the centrifugal force effect.
  • a degassing device that discharges the collected bubbles and gas from the degassing tube with an opening at the center of rotation to the outside of the riser tube can be used at the upper end of the riser tube even in a bubble lift in a deep water area.
  • submarine resources such as submarine hydrothermal deposits, manganese nodules, methane gas hydrate, rare earths, rare metals, cobalt rich crusts, diamonds, Underground at the bottom of the sea, lake, river, and below, such as dredging for sand and gravel collection, offshore structure installation work, etc.
  • Solids from can be utilized in all industrial raising liquid, a slurry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système et un procédé d'allègement au gaz. Selon l'invention, la section supérieure d'une colonne montante (11) d'un système d'allègement au gaz (10) est équipée d'un dispositif de dégazage (14) servant à : créer un écoulement rotatif dans un mélange fluide qui s'élève à l'intérieur de la colonne montante (11) ; amener les bulles de gaz et d'air à se rassembler au centre de la rotation sous l'effet de la force centrifuge ; et rejeter les bulles de gaz et d'air rassemblées à l'extérieur de la colonne montante (11) à travers un tube de dégazage (14c) ayant une ouverture placée au centre de la rotation. Ce dispositif de dégazage (14) donne la possibilité de répartir plus uniformément le gaz à l'intérieur de la colonne montante (11) sur toute son étendue en dégazant le gaz séparé par effet centrifuge, même dans la région d'eau peu profonde de la colonne montante (11). Le résultat est qu'il est possible de réaliser un système d'allègement au gaz (10) et un procédé d'allègement au gaz qui peuvent être efficacement utilisés même dans une région d'eau profonde.
PCT/JP2012/069173 2011-08-09 2012-07-27 Système d'allègement au gaz et procédé d'allègement au gaz WO2013021842A1 (fr)

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CN103823251A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2014-05-28 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 在海洋冷泉区探测可燃冰矿散发的气体的水下勘探装置
CN108071373A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-25 中国矿业大学 一种采用高水材料充填海底天然气水合物开采空洞的方法
CN112807749A (zh) * 2021-01-19 2021-05-18 绵阳世诺科技有限公司 一种连续脱泡往复重力分配排料盘

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JP2015031097A (ja) * 2013-08-05 2015-02-16 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 メタンハイドレート回収システム及びメタンハイドレート回収方法
JP6236347B2 (ja) * 2014-04-16 2017-11-22 新日鉄住金エンジニアリング株式会社 分離装置および分離方法
JP6166308B2 (ja) * 2015-06-09 2017-07-19 坂本 美穂 気泡量調節装置
JP6762150B2 (ja) * 2016-07-01 2020-09-30 東亜建設工業株式会社 水底資源の採取方法およびシステム

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JPS5838856U (ja) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-14 五洋建設株式会社 エア−レフト浚渫装置
JPS63280900A (ja) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-17 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol エアリフト装置におけるエネルギ−回収装置

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JPS5220409A (en) * 1975-08-08 1977-02-16 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Underwater air removing device of air operative pump
JPS5838856U (ja) * 1981-09-09 1983-03-14 五洋建設株式会社 エア−レフト浚渫装置
JPS63280900A (ja) * 1987-05-12 1988-11-17 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol エアリフト装置におけるエネルギ−回収装置

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103823251A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2014-05-28 无锡同春新能源科技有限公司 在海洋冷泉区探测可燃冰矿散发的气体的水下勘探装置
CN108071373A (zh) * 2017-11-21 2018-05-25 中国矿业大学 一种采用高水材料充填海底天然气水合物开采空洞的方法
CN112807749A (zh) * 2021-01-19 2021-05-18 绵阳世诺科技有限公司 一种连续脱泡往复重力分配排料盘

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