Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
  • E04F15/02038—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements characterised by tongue and groove connections between neighbouring flooring elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F15/00—Flooring
  • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
  • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
  • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
  • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
  • E04F2201/0547—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape adapted to be moved perpendicular to the joint edge
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
  • E04F2201/05—Separate connectors or inserts, e.g. pegs, pins, keys or strips
  • E04F2201/0523—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape
  • E04F2201/0564—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape depending on the use of specific materials
  • E04F2201/0582—Separate tongues; Interlocking keys, e.g. joining mouldings of circular, square or rectangular shape depending on the use of specific materials of fibres or chips, e.g. bonded with synthetic resins

Definitions

• the present invention is particularly suitable for use in floating floors, which are formed of floor panels which are joined mechanically with a locking system integrated with the floor panel, i.e. mounted at the factory, are made up of one or more upper layers of veneer, decorative laminate powder based surfaces or decorative plastic material, an intermediate core of wood-fibre-based material or plastic material and preferably a lower balancing layer on the rear side of the core.
• the long and short edges are mainly used to simplify the description of the invention.
• the panels may be square.
• the invention is preferably used on the short edges. It should be emphasised that the invention may be used in any floor panel and it may be combined with all types of known locking system formed on the long edges, where the floor panels are intended to be joined using a mechanical locking system connecting the panels in the horizontal and vertical directions on at least two adjacent sides.
• the invention may also be applicable to, for instance, solid wooden floors, parquet floors with a core of wood or wood-fibre-based material and a surface of wood or wood veneer and the like, floors with a printed and preferably also varnished surface, floors with a surface layer of plastic or cork, linoleum, rubber. Even floors with hard surfaces such as stone, tile and similar materials are included and floorings with soft wear layer, for instance needle felt glued to a board.
• the invention may also be used for joining building panels which preferably contain a board material for instance wall panels, ceilings, furniture components and similar.
• Laminate flooring usually comprises a core of a 6-12 mm fibre board, a 0.2-0.8 mm thick upper decorative surface layer of laminate and a 0.1-0.6 mm thick lower balancing layer of laminate, plastic, paper or like material.
• a laminate surface comprises of melamine-impregnated paper.
• the most common core material is fibreboard with high density and good stability usually called HDF - High Density Fibreboard. Sometimes also MDF - Medium Density Fibreboard - is used as core.
• floor panels In addition to such traditional floors, floor panels have been developed which do not require the use of glue and instead are joined mechanically by means of so-called mechanical locking systems. These systems comprise locking means, which lock the panels horizontally and vertically.
• the mechanical locking systems are usually formed by machining of the core of the panel.
• parts of the locking system may be form- ed of a separate material, for instance aluminium or HDF, which is integrated with the floor panel, i.e. joined with the floor panel in connection with the manufacture thereof .
• a separate material for instance aluminium or HDF
• front side while the opposite side of the floor panel, facing the sub floor, is called “rear side”.
• rear side The edge between the front and rear side.
• horizontal plane is meant a plane, which extends parallel to the outer part of the surface layer.
• Immediately juxtaposed upper parts of two adjacent joint edges of two joined floor panels together define a “vertical plane” perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
• vertical locking is meant locking parallel to the vertical plane in Dl direction.
• horizontal locking is meant locking parallel to the horizontal plane in D2 direction.
• up is meant towards the front side, by “down” towards the rear side, by “inwardly” mainly horizontally towards an inner and centre part of the panel and by “outwardly” mainly horizontally away from the centre part of the panel.
• locking systems co acting connecting elements, which connect the floor panels vertically and/or horizontally.
• the long edges are installed by angling.
• the panel is than displaced in locked position along the long side.
• the short edges are locked by horizontal snapping.
• the vertical connection is generally a tongue and a groove. During the horizontal displacement, a strip with a locking element is bent and when the edges are in contact, the strip springs back and a locking element enters a locking groove and locks the panels
• Figure la, lb show a flexible tongue 30 with a flexible snap tab extending from the edge.
• Figure lc, Id show a displaceable tongue with an inner flexible part that is bendable horizontally in a cross section of the tongue or along the joint.
• Such systems are referred to as vertical snap systems and they provide an
• the locking system may also be locked with a side push action such that a displaceable tongue 30 is pushed into a locked position from the long side edge when adjacent sort side edges are folded down to the sub floor.
• a side push action could be difficult to combine with a simple angling and the friction may be too strong for wide panels.
• Figure le shows a fold down system with a flexible tongue 30 that is made in one piece with the core.
• Figure 1 f shows a long edge locking system in a fold down system that is connected with angling.
• An overall objective of embodiments of the present invention is to provide a locking system for primarily rectangular floor panels with long and short edges installed in parallel rows, which allows that the short edges may be locked to each other automatically without a snap action that creates a locking resistance and
• a specific objective is to provide a locking system with a separate displaceable tongue on the fold panel that may lock without any contact with the sharp upper edge of the strip panel and that the tongue is displaced essentially in one direction only from an inner part of a groove and outwardly.
• a first aspect of the invention are building panels provided with a locking system for vertical locking of a first and a second building panel by a vertical
• a sidewardly open tongue groove is provided at an edge of the first building panel.
• a strip protrudes below the tongue groove and outwardly beyond the upper part of the edge of said first panel.
• a displaceable tongue is provided in a sidewardly open displacement groove at an edge of the second building panel.
• the displaceable tongue comprises a main body extending along the edge of the second panel and preferably a tongue locking surface, located at an upper and outer part of the displaceable tongue, configured to cooperate with a groove locking surface of the tongue groove for a vertical locking of the first and the second building panel.
• the displaceable tongue comprises an inner part, spaced inwardly from an upper part of an edge of said second panel, the inner part comprises a tongue pressing surface configured to cooperate with a strip pressing surface on the strip.
• the displaceable tongue is configured to be displaced into the tongue groove when the tongue and the strip pressing surface are displaced vertically against each other to obtain the vertical locking.
• the displaceable tongue is preferably an injection- moulded tongue.
• the displaceable tongue may be asymmetric and comprising a protrusion and the second panel may comprise a cavity for housing the protrusion.
• the protrusion may comprise a flexible part.
• the strip may be provided with a locking element that cooperates with a downwardly open locking groove formed on the second panel for locking the first and the second building panel in a horizontal direction.
• the tongue pressing surface is preferably positioned on the protrusion and the strip pressing surface is
• the strip pressing surface is most preferably located on an inclined surface of the locking element that is directed towards the edge of the first building panel.
• the locking system may comprise a cavity that extends from the displacement groove to the locking groove.
• the strip and the tongue pressing surfaces may be
• the displacement groove may be inclined and comprise an inner part that extends downwards .
• the building panels may be locked vertically by two pairs of cooperating surfaces comprising the groove locking surface and the tongue locking surface, and an upper part of the strip and a lower part of the edge of the second panel, respectively.
• the groove locking surface and the tongue locking surface may be inclined against a horizontal plane.
• the groove locking surface and the tongue locking surface may be inclined with an angle of about 10 to 60 degrees to a horizontal plane.
• the displaceable tongue may be provided with a flexible friction element.
• the displaceable tongue may comprise at least two
• protrusions extending from the main tongue body and each protrusion may comprise said tongue pressing surface located at an outer part of the protrusion that during locking is in contact with a locking element provided on the strip.
• the building panel may be a floor panel and the outer part of the displaceable tongue is preferably in an unlocked position located in the displacement groove.
• the displacement groove may extend vertically above the locking groove.
• the locking groove may be located vertically below the upper part of the displacement groove.
• An upper part of the locking element may be located vertically below the tongue locking surface of the displaceable tongue.
• An upper part of the locking groove may be located vertically below the tongue locking surface of the displaceable tongue.
• the innermost part of the displaceable tongue may be below the outermost part of such tongue.
• the tongue pressing surface may be located vertically below the tongue locking surface.
• An upper part of the locking element may be located in the lower half of an intermediate core of the first building panel.
• the strip may be flexible such that it bends downwards during locking.
• the cavity may be larger than the protrusion such that there is a space S of at least about 1-3 mm.
• the displaceable tongue may be gradually inserted into the tongue groove from a tongue part, which is adjacent an installed long edge, to another tongue part adjacent a free long edge.
• Figs la-f illustrate locking systems according to known technology .
• Figs 2a-d illustrate a short edge locking system
• Figs 3a-3d illustrate a short edge locking system
• Figs 4a-e illustrate preferred embodiments of short edge locking systems.
• Figs 5a-e illustrate vertical folding of three panels according to an embodiment of the invention
• Figs 6a-e illustrate the flexibility of the locking systems during locking and preferred
• Figs 7a-c illustrate tongue blanks according to
• embodiments of the invention comprising several displaceable tongues.
• Figures 2a -2d show a first preferred embodiment of a short edge locking system provided with a flexible and displaceable tongue 30 in an edge of a second panel 1' inserted in a displacement groove 40 and extending along the edge of the second panel.
• the displaceable tongue 30 has a tongue locking surface 31 located at an upper and outer part that cooperates with a groove locking surface 21 located at an inner and upper part of a tongue groove 20 formed in an adjacent edge of a first panel 1.
• the locking surfaces lock the panels in a first vertical direction.
• the locking surfaces are preferably inclined with an angle A2 that is about 10 - 60 degrees.
• the displacement groove is preferably also inclined and the outer part is closer to the panel surface than an inner part.
• the first panel 1 comprises a protruding strip 6 that extends outwardly beyond a vertical plane VP.
• the strip comprises a locking element 8.
• the second panel 1' comprises a locking groove 14 that cooperates with the locking element 8 and locks the panels in a horizontal direction.
• the strip 6 has an upper part 6', which is in contact with a lower part 37 of the adjacent edge and locks the panels in a second vertical direction.
• the displaceable tongue 30 comprises a protrusion 34 extending from a main tongue body 36.
• the second panel 1' comprises at least one cavity 35 for housing the
• the cavity extends from the displacement groove to the locking groove 14.
• the cavity may be formed by a screw cutter or by
• the protrusion comprises a tongue pressing surface 32 which cooperates with a strip pressing surface 33 on the locking element.
• the strip pressing surface 33 and the tongue pressing surface 32 are inclined with an angle Al which is preferably 25 - 75 degrees against a horizontal plane HP.
• the displaceable tongue is displaced essentially in one direction towards the tongue groove 20 when the inclined pressing surfaces are sliding against each other during the vertical displacement of the adjacent edges.
• the tongue may be locked with a strong pressure against the groove locking surface 21 and the locking element 8 prevents the tongue from sliding back into the
• the upper parts of the locking groove 14a and the locking element 8a are made in the lower part of the floor panel, preferably below the centre line C that divides the floor panel in two equal parts, one upper part UP and one lower part LP.
• the tongue pressing surface 32 is located vertically below the tongue locking surface 31.
• the tongue pressing surface and the tongue locking surface are preferably offset vertically and are preferably located on different horizontal planes H2, HI.
• an upper part of the locking element 8a and/or an upper part of the locking groove 14a are located vertically below the tongue locking surface 31.
• the innermost part of the displaceable tongue 30 is preferably located below the outermost part of such tongue.
• the cavities 35 are preferably formed by rotating saw blades and comprise preferably an upper rounded part with an outer part 35b that is located above an inner part 35a as shown in figure 2d.
• the cavity is preferably formed such that it intersects the inner part 14b of the locking groove 14.
• Figures 3a -3d show the locking function during the vertical displacement of the second panel 1' against the first panel 1.
• the displaceable tongue 30 is gradually pressed into the tongue groove 20 by the cooperating pressing surfaces 32,33 and the panels are locked
• Figures 4a-4e show different embodiments.
• Figure 4a shows a displaceable tongue 30 with a protrusion 34 located under the main tongue body.
• the locking groove 14 is located vertically under an upper part of the
• Figure 4b shows a tongue pressing surface 32 that locks against a strip pressing surface that is not active in the horizontal locking.
• Figure 4c shows that the same locking surface 33 on the locking element 8 may be used as a pressing surface and as a locking surface for the horizontal locking.
• Figure 4d shows that the strip pressing surface may be formed on a separate pushing rod 42.
• Figure 4e shows a protrusion 34 that comprises a curved cross section and a locking element that comprises an upper part 44 formed as local protrusion that protrudes above the inner part of the locking groove 14 and into the cavities 35.
• Figures 5a -5e show vertical folding of three panels wherein the long edges 2,2' are connected with angling and the short edges 1, 1' with a scissor like motion that combines angling and vertical displacement.
• Figure 5b shows that the displaceable tongue is gradually inserted into the tongue groove 20 from one part of the edges that is adjacent to the installed long edge 2 to the other free long edge.
• Figure 5c shows the tongue in the cross section A-A and figures 5d, 5e show the tongue position in the cross sections B-B, and C-C.
• the strip 6 and the locking element 8 are in this embodiment designed such that they bend backwards during locking and this
• the locking groove is positioned vertically under the lower part of the displacement groove 40.
• Figure 6a shows that the locking system may be formed such that several parts are flexible for example the protrusion 34, the locking strip 6 and the locking element 8. This flexibility may be used to reduce or eliminate production tolerances and to facilitate an easy and strong locking.
• Figure 6a shows that the strip 6 may be bent downwards and the locking element 8 may be bent downwards and outwardly. Such a strip bending may
• a locking may be accomplished with a displaceable tongue that comprises a limited flexibility such as a tongue that essentially comprises wood fibre material.
• a locking may be accomplished with a displaceable tongue that comprises a limited flexibility such as a tongue that essentially comprises wood fibre material.
• Figure 6b and 6c show embodiments of the tongue.
• the displaceable tongue 30 may be fixed into the displaceable groove with a friction connection 38.
• the protrusion 34 may comprise flexible parts 39 that create a pre tension against the tongue groove 20.
• the cavity 35 may be considerably larger than the protrusion and preferably there is a space S that may be about 1-3 mm.
• Figure 6d shows a locking system with a sliding surface 45 that protrudes beyond a vertical plane VP.
• the tongue groove 20 is preferably formed on an inclined edge surface 46.
• Figure 6e shows a separate tongue 30, located in a sideway open groove 40 on the second panel 1', comprising an upwardly extending snap tab 47 that cooperates with a downwardly extending sliding surface 45 that is located on the first panel 1 and that protrudes beyond the upper edge and the vertical plane VP.
• the second panel 1' comprises preferably an inclined edge surface 46' located above and and/or below the tongue 30.
• An easy snapping may be obtained even with panels that have straight and sharp upper adjacent edges.
• the snap tab may be replaced with a displaceable tongue that comprises flexible snapping protrusions along its length.
• the locking system shown in figure Id may also be adjusted such that it comprises inclined edge surfaces and such a design may be used to increase the strength of the joint.
• the locking system according to the invention may also be formed without a locking grove 14 and a locking element 8 such that it only locks the edges in a vertical
• the locking element 8 may be replaced with local protrusions that extend upwards from a strip 6 and are in locked position located in the cavities.
• the short edges may be locked horizontally by friction between the long edges.
• Figure 7a, 7b show a tongue blank 43 that comprise several displaceable tongues that are preferably
• Figure 7a shows in ection-moulded tongues 30 and figure 7b shows
• displaceable tongues 30 made of a wood based material that is preferably machined and punched.
• the cavities 35 that are preferably formed by rotating saw blades comprises an upper part that is rounded and may comprise an inner part that is located below an outer part .
• the locking system may be partly or completely formed by carving tools.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Floor Finish (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

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ID=47558358

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Cited By (8)

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Citations (4)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-11 ES ES12815189.1T patent/ES2602317T3/es active Active
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