Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09J133/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of nitriles
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J4/00—Adhesives based on organic non-macromolecular compounds having at least one polymerisable carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond ; adhesives, based on monomers of macromolecular compounds of groups C09J183/00 - C09J183/16
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
  • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
  • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
  • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
  • B29C65/484—Moisture curing adhesives

Definitions

• This invention relates to cyanoacrylate-containing compositions that include, in addition to the cyanoacrylate component, a hydrogenated phthalic anhydride and optionally a benzonitrile .
• Cured products of the inventive cyanoacrylate compositions demonstrate improved heat resistance without compromising fixture time, stability or color.
• Cyanoacrylate adhesive compositions are well known, and widely used as quick setting, instant adhesives with a wide variety of uses. See H.V. Coover, D.W. Dreifus and J.T.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,440,910 pioneered rubber toughened cyanoacrylate compositions through the use of certain organic polymers as toughening additives that are elastomeric, i.e., rubbery, in nature.
• the '910 patent is thus directed to and claims a curable adhesive comprising a substantially solvent-free mixture of: (a) a cyanoacrylate ester, and (b) about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of an elastomeric polymer.
• the elastomeric polymer is selected from elastomeric copolymers of a lower alkene monomer and (i) acrylic acid esters, (ii) methacrylic acid esters or (iii) vinyl acetate. More
• the ' 10 patent notes that as toughening additives for cyanoacrylates , acrylic rubbers; polyester urethanes;
• ethylene-vinyl acetates ethylene-vinyl acetates; fluorinated rubbers; isoprene- acrylonitrile polymers; chlorosulfinated polyethylenes ; and homopolymers of polyvinyl acetate were found to be particularly useful.
• the elastomeric polymers are described in the ' 910 patent as either homopolymers of alkyl esters of acrylic acid; copolymers of another polymerizable monomer, such as lower alkenes, with an alkyl or alkoxy ester of acrylic acid; and copolymers of alkyl or alkoxy esters of acrylic acid.
• Other unsaturated monomers which may be copolymerized with the alkyl and alkoxy esters of acrylic include dienes, reactive halogen- containing unsaturated compounds and other acrylic monomers such as acrylamides .
• U.S. Patent No. 5,288,794 (Attarwala) is directed to an improved cyanoacrylate monomer adhesive formulation, where an effective amount, for enhancing the thermal resistance of the polymerized adhesive, of a mono, poly or hetero aromatic compound characterized by at least three substitutions on an aromatic ring thereof, two or more of the substitutions being electron withdrawing groups, is provided.
• aromatic compound examples include 2 , 4-dinitrofluorobenzene; 2,4- dinitrochlorobenzene ; 2, 4-difluoronitrobenzene ; 3,5- dinitrobenzonitrile ; 2-chloro-3 , 5-dinitrobenzonitrile ; 4,4'- difluoro-3 , 3 ' -dinitrophenyl sulfone; pentafluoronitrobenzene; pentafluorobenzonitrile; , a, ⁇ -2-tetrafluoro-p-tolunitrile and tetrachloroterphthalonitrile .
• U.S. Patent No. 3,832,334 is directed to the addition of maleic anhydride, which is reported to produce cyanoacrylate adhesives having increased thermal resistance
• U.S. Patent No. 4,196,271 is directed to tri-, tetra- and higher carboxylic acids or their anhydrides, which are reported to be useful for improving heat resistance of cured cyanoacrylate adhesives.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,450,265 is directed to the use of phthalic anhydride to improve heat resistance of cyanoacrylate adhesives. More specifically, the ⁇ 265 patent is directed to and claims an adhesive composition comprising a polymerizable constituent the major part of which comprises at least one ester of 2-cyanoacrylic acid, characterized in that the composition additionally comprises a proportion of phthalic anhydride effective for favorably influencing the strength and/or
• the effective amount is reported as 0.1% to 5.0%, such as 0.3% to 0.7%, by weight of the composition.
• the 265 patent reports the
• U.S. Patent No. 4,532,293 is directed to the use of benzephenonetetracarboxylic acid or its anhydride and is said to provide a superior heat resistance for cyanoacrylate adhesives.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,490,515 is directed to cyanoacrylate compositions containing certain maleimide or nadimide compounds to improve hot strength properties.
• Cyanoacrylate compositions which include beyond the cyanoacrylate component, a hydrogenated anhydride and optionally a benzonitrile, are thus provided.
• This invention is also directed to a method of bonding together two substrates, which method includes applying to at least one of the substrates a composition as described above, and thereafter mating together the substrates.
• the present invention is directed to reaction products of the inventive compositions.
• the invention is directed to a method of preparing the inventive compositions, and a method of conferring improved thermal resistance to a cured reaction product of a cyanoacrylate composition, without compromising at least one of fixture time, stability or color.
• FIG. 1 depicts a bar chart of shear strength retained after heat aging at a temperature of 120 °C for a period of time of 500 hours for a cyanoacrylate composition with a hydrogenated anhydride at two different levels compared with a control, LOCTITE 401, on grit blasted mild steel substrates.
• FIG. 2 depicts a bar chart of shear strength retained after heat aging at a temperature of 120°C for a period of time of 1,000 hours for a cyanoacrylate composition with a
• LOCTITE 401 with (a) dimethyl maleic anhydride or ethylene sulfide and (b) dimethyl maleic anhydride and
• this invention is directed to a cyanoacrylate composition, which includes beyond the
• cyanoacrylate component a hydrogenated anhydride and optionally a benzonitrile .
• the cyanoacrylate monomer is selected from methyl cyanoacrylate, ethyl-2- cyanoacrylate, propyl cyanoacrylates , butyl cyanoacrylates (such as n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) , octyl cyanoacrylates, allyl cyanoacrylate, ⁇ -methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate and combinations thereof.
• a particularly desirable one is ethyl-2-cyanoacrylate .
• the cyanoacrylate component should be included in the compositions in an amount within the range of from about 50% to about 99.98% by weight, with the range of about 90% to about 99% by weight being desirable, and about 95% by weight of the total composition being particularly desirable.
• the hydrogenated anhydride ordinarily should be a hydrogenated phthalic anhydride, such as 3, , 5, 6-tetrahydro phthalic anhydride. However, isomeric versions thereof and partially hydrogenated versions of phthalic anhydride may also be used.
• the hydrogenated phthalic anhydride should be used in an amount up to about 0.1% by weight, such as within the range of about 0.01 to about 0.09, desirably within the range of about 0.03 to about 0.05% by weight. At such level, a product label generated under the EINECS regulatory regime in Europe would not need to carry a "skin sensitizer" warning m order to be m compliance with that portion of the regulations.
• the benzonitrile When used, the benzonitrile should be chosen from mono-, poly- or hetero-aromatic compounds characterized by at least three substitutions on an aromatic ring thereof, with two or more of the substitutions being electron withdrawing groups. Specific examples of such benzonitriles include 3,5- dinitrobenzonitrile; 2-chloro-3, 5-dinitrobenzonitrile;
• the benzonitrile compound when used should be present in an amount up to about 5% by weight, like about 0.01% to about 3% by weight, such as about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, with about 0.5% by weight being particularly desirable.
• the 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride should be used in an amount of up to about 0.1% by weight, such as about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight, and the
• pentafluorobenzonitrile should be used in an amount of up to about 0.5% by weight, such as about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight .
• Accelerators may also be included in the inventive cyanoacrylate compositions, such as any one or more selected from calixarenes and oxacalixarenes , silacrowns, crown ethers, cyclodextrins , poly (ethyleneglycol) di (meth) acrylates ,
• calixarenes and oxacalixarenes are known, and are reported in the patent literature. See e.g. U.S. Patent Nos. 4,556,700, 4,622,414, 4,636,539, 4,695,615, 4,718,966, and 4,855,461, the disclosures of each of which are hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. [0031] For instance, as regards calixarenes, those within the following structure are us
• R 1 is alkyl, alkoxy, substituted alkyl or substituted alkoxy
• R 2 is H or alkyl
• n is 4, 6 or 8.
• calixarene is tetrabutyl tetra [2-ethoxy-2-oxoethoxy] calix-4-arene .
• a host of crown ethers are known. For instance, any one or more of 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6, dibenzo-18-crown-6, benzo-15-crown-5-dibenzo-24-crown-8 , dibenzo-30-crown-10 , tribenzo-18-crown-6, asym-dibenzo-22-crown-6, dibenzo-14-crown- 4, dicyclohexyl-18-crown-6, dicyclohexyl-24-crown-8, cyclohexyl- 12-crown-4, 1 , 2-decalyl-15-crown-5 , 1 , 2-naphtho-15-crown-5 , 3, , 5-naphtyl-16-crown-5, 1, 2-methyl-benzo-18-crown-6, 1,2- methylbenzo-5 , 6-methylbenzo-18-crown-6, 1, 2-t-butyl-18-crown-6, 1, 2-
• Patent No. 4,837,260 (Sato), the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference. Of the silacrowns, again many are known, and are reported in the literature.
• silacrown compounds useful in the inventive compositions include:
• cyclodextrins may be used in connection with the present invention.
• those described and claimed in U.S. Patent No. 5,312,864 (Wenz) the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated herein by reference, as hydroxyl group derivatives of an , ⁇ or ⁇ -cyclodextrin which is at least partly soluble in the cyanoacrylate would be appropriate choices for use herein as the first accelerator component.
• poly (ethylene glycol) di (meth) acrylates suitable for use herein include those within the following structure :
• n is greater than 3, such as within the range of 3 to 12, with n being 9 as particularly desirable. More specific examples include PEG 200 DMA, (where n is about 4) PEG 400 DMA (where n is about 9), PEG 600 DMA (where n is about 14), and PEG 800 DMA (where n is about 19) , where the number (e.g. , 400) represents the average molecular weight of the glycol portion of the molecule, excluding the two methacrylate groups, expressed as grams/mole (i.e. , 400 g/mol) .
• a particularly desirable PEG DMA is PEG 400 DMA.
• ethoxylated hydric compounds or ethoxylated fatty alcohols that may be employed
• appropriate ones may be chosen from those within the following structure:
• C ra can be a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl chain
• m is an integer between 1 to 30, such as from 5 to 20
• n is an integer between 2 to 30, such as from 5 to 15, and R may be H or alkyl, such as Ci_ 6 alkyl.
• the accelerator embraced by the above structures should be included in the compositions in an amount within the range of from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight, with the range of about 0.1 to about 0.5% by weight being desirable, and about 0.4% by weight of the total composition being particularly desirable.
• a stabilizer package is also ordinarily found in cyanoacrylate compositions.
• the stabilizer package may include one or more free radical stabilizers and anionic stabilizers, each of the identity and amount of which are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. See e.g. U.S. Patent Nos .
• additives may be included in the inventive cyanoacrylate compositions, such as certain acidic materials (like citric acid) , thixotropy or gelling agents, thickeners, dyes, thermal degradation resistance enhancers, and combinations thereof .
• a method of bonding together two substrates which method includes applying to at least one of the substrates a
• reaction products of the so-described compositions there is provided reaction products of the so-described compositions.
• a method of preparing the so-described compositions includes providing a cyanoacrylate component, and combining therewith with mixing a hydrogenated anhydride and optionally a benzonitrile compound.
• the fixture speed is the time from joining the two substrates (each of which being about 1 inch wide and being aligned with about a 0.5 inch overlap) sufficient to hold a 3 kg weight.
• Sample A-D A number of samples were evaluated for their fixture time on a variety of substrates and stability under accelerated aging conditions.
• the samples evaluated were labeled as Sample A-D, respectively, and the constituents of which are set forth below in Table 5.
• LOCTITE 401 was used as a control.
• Sample E-H A number of formulated samples were evaluated for their fixture time on a variety of substrates and shelf life under accelerated aging conditions.
• the samples evaluated were labeled as Sample E-H, respectively, and the constituents of which are set forth below in Table .
• Each of the samples contained a stabilizer package, as well.
• LOCTITE 401 was used as a control.
• Additive chemistry (such as phthalic anhydride) has allowed this limit to be increased, but
• cyanoacrylate compositions with such an additive suffer from increased fixture times, which is an undesirable observation.
• pentafluorobenzonitrile allows for the formulation of stable, fast fixturing and substantially colorless cyanoacrylate
• compositions are provided.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-07-10 WO PCT/IB2012/053535 patent/WO2013011421A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2012-07-10 ES ES12754095T patent/ES2706732T3/es active Active
  • 2012-07-10 EP EP12754095.3A patent/EP2732000B1/en active Active
  • 2012-07-10 JP JP2014519676A patent/JP5878631B2/ja active Active
  • 2012-07-10 KR KR1020147000698A patent/KR101667862B1/ko active Active
  • 2012-07-10 CN CN201280035172.1A patent/CN104284955B/zh active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-01-14 US US14/154,335 patent/US9120957B2/en active Active

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