WO2013010025A2 - Procédés et appareil d'affichage d'images pour spectateurs en mouvement - Google Patents
Procédés et appareil d'affichage d'images pour spectateurs en mouvement Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013010025A2 WO2013010025A2 PCT/US2012/046538 US2012046538W WO2013010025A2 WO 2013010025 A2 WO2013010025 A2 WO 2013010025A2 US 2012046538 W US2012046538 W US 2012046538W WO 2013010025 A2 WO2013010025 A2 WO 2013010025A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- slit
- lens
- backboard
- images
- distance
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
- G09F19/14—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects displaying different signs depending upon the view-point of the observer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/06—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with cylindrical or toric faces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B30/00—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images
- G02B30/20—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes
- G02B30/26—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type
- G02B30/27—Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes of the autostereoscopic type involving lenticular arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/22—Advertising or display means on roads, walls or similar surfaces, e.g. illuminated
Definitions
- Various embodiments of the disclosed technology relate to the display of still images and more particularly to methods and apparatus for displaying still images that appear animated to a viewer in motion relative to the still images.
- a zoegraph is an apparatus for displaying multiple still images that form an animated display to a viewer moving at a substantially known velocity and trajectory relative to the still images.
- Conventional zoegraphs include a backboard for mounting or displaying the still images.
- the still images form a set of composite images, each composite image consisting of a portion of a frame in the animation.
- An optic such as a slitboard consisting of a series of slits, or a lensboard consisting of a series or spherical or cylindrical lenses, is positioned parallel to the backboard. Each slit or lens corresponds to one of the composite images.
- the velocity of the viewer may be fixed or vary over the length of the apparatus.
- the apparatus is mounted at a viewing distance from the trajectory.
- Existing methods and apparatus for the display of animated images involving relative motion between the viewer and device include slit-based systems as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,564,486, 6,718,666, 6,731,370, 6,807,760 and 6,886,280; and spherical-lens- and cylindrical- lens-based systems as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,833,176, 3,568,346, and 7,950,805.
- the lens-based apparatus hereeinafter, lens-based zoegraphs
- the slit-based devices use slits in typically opaque screens between the viewer and the series of graduated images to cause an animation effect.
- Slit-based and lens-based zoegraphs have distinct qualities making each technology suitable for different applications.
- lens-based zoegraphs require placing the images at or near the focal plane of the lensboard to precise tolerances.
- the distance between the lensboard and the backboard must be very precisely maintained or the image will appear distorted, degrading the image quality.
- the difficulty in maintaining the images precisely in the focal plane results in higher manufacturing and operating costs.
- the limited field of view provides smaller final images and limits potential apparatus geometries.
- parts of images that are not directly along the axis of the lens appear distorted relative to parts of the image along the axis, deteriorating the image quality and limiting the maximum size of the apparent image.
- the lenses tend to be made of less durable and safe materials than a slit optic.
- slit-based zoegraphs transmit less light. Adjusting the size of the slits to let more light to pass through results in decreased resolution for a given apparatus size. Thus, slit-based zoegraphs rarely permit the practical use of television screens or monitors, which may require increased brightness or illumination. Slit-based zoegraphs generally require more labor and materials to change images and have optics that can be easily dented.
- Strobe-based zoegraphs use strobe lights that flash briefly to create an animation effect.
- strobe-based systems include sensors and timing mechanisms to synchronize the flashing of the strobe lights with a viewer's position and speed. The synchronization and lighting requirements contribute to manufacturing and operating costs and complexity
- the improved zoegraph technologies should enable a wider range of acceptable distances between the backboard and lensboard allowing for more practical and cost-effective manufacture and maintenance, and require less power to operate for similar brightness levels.
- such improved zoegraph technologies should provide lower costs and greater operational flexibility in changing images remotely and digitally, including through a network, such as the Internet.
- an apparatus for displaying images to viewers can comprise a backboard and a slit-lens-board.
- the backboard can have a front backboard side and a rear backboard side.
- the slit-lens-board can be situated an object distance away from the front backboard side of the backboard and include at least one lensboard and at least one slitboard.
- the at least one slitboard can have at least one slit.
- the at least one lensboard can have at least one lens and collectively have a focal plane located a focal distance from an appropriate principal plane contained within the slit-lens-board.
- the apparatus can also comprise at least one image located on the front backboard side.
- portions of the front backboard side can be curved.
- the at least one slit-board can effectively abut the at least one lensboard.
- the width of each of the at least one slit can be substantially the slit-to-slit distance.
- the at least one lensboard can be two lensboards with the slitboard interposed between.
- the distance between the at least one image and a closest lensboard of the at least one lensboard can be approximately zero.
- the plurality of lenses can be cylindrical lenses, or can be elliptical lenses. The elliptical lenses can be shaped to reduce or eliminate visual distortion.
- o can be greater than f.
- o can be substantially within an order of magnitude of/.
- the backboard can comprise one or more digital displays for displaying the at least one image.
- the digital displays can be in communication with a computer network.
- As least one image can be updated through the Internet.
- the apparatus can be configured to operate without additional lighting.
- a method of displaying images can comprise displaying at least two images on a backboard and placing a slit-lens-board in front of the images.
- the slit-lens-board can comprise at least one slitboard and at least one lensboard.
- the slit-lens-board can have a focal plane and the backboard can be proximal to the slit-lens- board relative to said focal plane.
- the lensboard can comprise a plurality of lenses.
- the method can further comprise displaying the images on said backboard such that the images are curved and an effective distance between a lens and an image remains substantially constant, or remotely updating the images.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a plurality of adjacent images on the backboard and their corresponding cylindrical lenses and slits, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-section view indicating several components, dimensions, and optical properties, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section view indicating the view of the apparatus by a moving viewer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-section view of the backboard and lensboard of an embodiment of the prior art, indicating different distances from the lens center to points along the backboard away from the optical center in the direction of the viewer's motion.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section view showing two lensboards and one slitboard, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology.
- the disclosed technology can display animation to a viewer who is in motion using the principles of geometric optics.
- the disclosed technology can animate the images to a viewer who is moving in a substantially predictable path at a substantially predictable speed.
- the disclosed technology can also show images to viewers moving in unpredictable patterns. There are many common instances that meet this criterion, including, but not limited to, riders on subway trains, pedestrians on walkways or sidewalks, passengers on surface trains, passengers in motor vehicles, passengers in elevators, and so on.
- Benefits of the disclosed technology can include:
- an exemplary apparatus can transmit enough light to allow the use of commercially available television screens and monitors, a feat infeasible with slit-based zoegraphs.
- the disclosed technology provides many of the benefits of lens-based and slit- based zoegraphs without incurring the greatest shortcomings and costs.
- embodiments of the disclosed technology can provide two benefits simultaneously.
- a first benefit is that apparatus according to the disclosed technology can transmit more light, enabling the use of commercially available, consumer-based digital televisions and monitors.
- a second benefit is that such apparatus can simultaneously provide a larger field of view and depth of field, suitable for many commercial applications.
- lens-based zoegraphs provided the first benefit but not the second, while slit-based zoegraphs provided the second but not the first.
- a preferred embodiment of the disclosed technology can include a series of graduated pictures ("images" or "frames") spaced at preferably regular intervals and, preferably between the pictures and the viewer, an optical arrangement comprising at least two components that focus the viewer's view on a thin strip of each picture.
- This optical arrangement preferably can be composed of a lens-based component and a slit-based component.
- the lens-based component can be composed of a series of thin, converging lenses, oriented with the long dimension of the lenses perpendicular to the direction of the viewer' s motion.
- the slit-based component can be composed of a series of slits in an otherwise preferably opaque screen, oriented with the long dimension of the slits perpendicular to the direction of the viewer's motion.
- the series of pictures will be hereinafter referred to as a "backboard” and the preferred optical arrangement will hereinafter referred to as a "slit-lens-board.”
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a plurality of adjacent images on the backboard and their corresponding cylindrical lenses and slits, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology.
- the apparatus can comprise essentially two components, a backboard 110 and a slit-lens-board comprising a lensboard 120 and a slitboard 150.
- a source of illumination and housing elements to hold the backboard 110, lensboard 120, and slitboard 150 in place and to keep foreign matter out.
- the lensboard 120 preferably can include multiple cylindrical lenses 130 as described in more detail below.
- the backboard 110 can have a rear backboard side and a front backboard side, preferably comprising multiple still images 140.
- the slitboard 150 preferably can include multiple slits.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-section view indicating several components, dimensions, and optical properties, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology. The following variables can be defined from Fig. 2:
- v speed of viewer 210 relative to apparatus.
- D the apparent or perceived width of a single image.
- Another parameter, which is not labeled in this configuration is a distance between the slitboard and the backboard.
- the slitboard 230 can effectively abut the lensboard 220, making the distance from the slitboard substantially the same as the distance from the lensboard.
- the backboard can be placed at distance o from the lensboard, where o is approximately the focal length, /, of the lens. Because the slits can filter light geometrically, the disclosed technology has more flexibility in the difference between o and / than lens-based zoegraphs.
- the disclosed technology can exhibit similar behavior to lens-based zoegraphs and slit- based zoegraphs, albeit with some differences.
- One skilled in the art will be familiar with stretching effects and magnification effects, which can occur similarly in the disclosed technology as in prior art.
- One skilled in the art will also be familiar with limitations on field of view and depth of field about the optimal viewing distance.
- the disclosed technology provides less limitation on the field of view or proximity to the optimal viewing distance than in prior art, owing to the geometrical filtering of the light by the slitboard combined with the focusing of the light by the lensboard
- o can, but need not be, less than or within an order of magnitude of/. O can even be greater than /while still showing an acceptable image to the viewer. This property means the planarity of any lensboard, slitboard or backboard need not be as accurate as in prior art, reducing costs and increasing durability.
- the lens When an object is placed at a distance less than the focal length of a lens, the lens produces a virtual image at an apparent distance from the lens, which can be found by solving the thin lens equation.
- m —
- D apparent width
- An apparatus can utilize persistence of vision, whereby a viewer perceives a continuous moving image when shown a series of discrete images.
- the operation of the apparatus can use two distinct, but simultaneous, manifestations of persistence of vision. The first can occur in the eye reconstructing a full coherent image, apparently entirely visible at once, when shown a series of small slivers of the images that sweep over the whole image.
- the second can be the usual effect of the flipbook, whereby a series of graduated images is perceived to be a continuous animation.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section view indicating the view of the apparatus by a moving viewer, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology, and illustrates the first persistence of vision effect.
- viewer 331 can views sliver 311 of image 321 through single lens 341 and single slit 351.
- viewer 330 saw sliver 330 of image 320 through single lens 340 and single slit 341.
- the visible sliver of an image can sweep over the whole image.
- Fig. 3 shows that viewer 331, over a short period of time, can eventually see each part of the image 321.
- a thin sliver 311 of the image 321 can be visible, as in a traditional zoegraph.
- viewer 331 can see adjacent slivers 311 of images magnified through adjacent lenses and slits, for example, adjacent lens 340 and slit 350; and adjacent lens 342 and slit 352, which collectively look like a single, coherent image. In motion, viewer 331 can see an animation.
- slit-based zoegraphs where only light passing in a straight line can pass through the slit to the viewer's eye
- additional light passing through the slit can be focused by a lens before reaching the viewer's eye. Because additional light can be focused that would be obscured in a conventional slit-based zoegraph, the slits in the slitboards of embodiments the disclosed technology can be significantly wider than in the prior art while still providing comparably high resolution to a conventional slit- based zoegraph.
- a typical slit width in the prior art is one-tenth of the slit-to-slit distance, obscuring 90% of the light, thus requiring images to be ten times brighter than the desired brightness for the viewer.
- a required extra factor of ten in brightness makes using commonly available digital monitors and television screens impractical. While monitors and television screens are commercially made two to five times brighter (often called "high-bright" monitors), each increase adds additional cost and complexity in the device and its manufacturing process, typically requiring costly and more complex after-market alterations.
- Some embodiments of the disclosed technology can operate without additional lighting, though, use additional lighting may be optionally used.
- a typical slit width in some embodiments of the disclosed technology can be half the slit-to-slit distance while still providing nearly equal resolution to conventional slit-based zoegraphs.
- Slit widths in the disclosed technology can also vary from approximately that of a usual slit-based zoegraph to nearly the entire slit-to-slit distance.
- embodiments of the disclosed technology can allow the use of commonly available consumer-based monitors and television screens, greatly reducing costs and complexity relative to slit-based zoegraphs.
- many consumer models of monitors and television screens have extra-bright operational modes built in that can achieve the necessary extra brightness for used with the disclosed technology without after- market alterations, improving reliability and decreasing costs and complexity.
- the disclosed technology can permit greater depth of field and relaxed precision of placement near/ or o by choosing a smaller slit width.
- the disclosed technology can also provide advantages over strobe-based or LED-based art.
- the persistence of vision effects can produce animation to a viewer at arbitrarily high speeds of the viewer. At higher speeds the period of time over which the sliver is visible shortens, and therefore the motion of the image viewed through the lens in that time grows smaller. Thus, the viewer can perceive less or no blur.
- the representation of movement of the viewer's 331 line of sight is illustrative.
- the viewer' s gaze can be fixed at what appears to be a stationary screen and the entirety of the frame can be seen through peripheral vision, as with a conventional display apparatus, such as a billboard.
- the two persistence of vision effects can operate simultaneously in practice. Above a minimum threshold speed, the viewer 331 can perceive neither discrete images nor discrete slivers. Note that while the term sliver has been employed in this description, it is not required that a portion of the image be extremely narrow to fall within the scope of the disclosed technology.
- some embodiments of the disclosed technology can also make actual images appear larger in the direction of the viewer' s motion, an effect described herein as a stretching effect, which is distinct from the lens magnification.
- a property of some embodiments the disclosed technology is that both the magnification and stretching effect can occur simultaneously and both produce a similar effect: the elongation of the actual images along the axis of the viewer' s motion.
- OVD optimal viewing distance
- Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-section view of the backboard and lensboard of an embodiment of the prior art, indicating different distances from the lens center to points along the backboard away from the optical center in the direction of the viewer' s motion.
- Fig. 4 illustrates a shortcoming of the prior art, which may be reduced by some embodiments of the disclosed technology. As shown in Fig. 4, at different viewing angles 410 to the left and right in the illustration, the effective distance between an individual cylindrical lens 420 and slice 430 of the image 440 being viewed through that cylindrical lens 420 changes.
- the distance between the lensboard 450 and slice 430 of the image 440 viewed at that angle 410 is o
- angle 410 when angle 410 equals ⁇ the distance between the lensboard 450 and slice 430 of the image 440 viewed at that angle 410 is o I cos ⁇ , which is greater than o for any nonzero ⁇ .
- This change in distance with viewing angle 410 results in degradation of image quality.
- a given image that appears in focus or with a given magnification in front of the viewer may appear out of focus or to have a different magnification to the left and right of center in this embodiment.
- the slits of embodiments of the disclosed technology can reduce this degradation of image quality.
- the reduction in degradation provided by these embodiments can occurs in the vertical direction as well.
- Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section view showing two lensboards and one slitboard, according to an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed technology. As shown in Fig. 5, the first lenticular component 500 and second lenticular component 520 can sandwich the slit component 510.
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Abstract
L'invention porte sur des systèmes et sur des procédés qui sont configurés pour afficher des images fixes qui, pour un spectateur en mouvement par rapport aux images fixes, semblent animées, et dont le coût ou la complexité est moindre par comparaison à des systèmes et des procédés classiques tout en maintenant la qualité d'image et l'applicabilité. La vitesse du spectateur peut être fixe ou varier sur la longueur de l'appareil. L'appareil peut comporter un panneau arrière ayant une certaine longueur le long de la trajectoire. Des images composites peuvent être montées sur une surface du panneau arrière, chacune des images fixes ayant une largeur d'image réelle et un centre d'image. Une distance d'image à image peut séparer des centres d'image d'images adjacentes. Selon un mode de réalisation illustratif, l'appareil peut comporter des écrans d'affichage classiques, présentant des images fixes, montés de manière à ce que leurs surfaces forment le panneau arrière. En variante, les images peuvent comprendre n'importe quelle combinaison d'images numériques et analogiques. L'appareil peut également présenter une image cohérente à un spectateur fixe.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201161506860P | 2011-07-12 | 2011-07-12 | |
US61/506,860 | 2011-07-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2013010025A2 true WO2013010025A2 (fr) | 2013-01-17 |
WO2013010025A3 WO2013010025A3 (fr) | 2013-05-10 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2012/046538 WO2013010025A2 (fr) | 2011-07-12 | 2012-07-12 | Procédés et appareil d'affichage d'images pour spectateurs en mouvement |
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CN (1) | CN102879906A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013010025A2 (fr) |
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CN109837843B (zh) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-04-09 | 济南大学 | 一种光栅标志牌及其制造方法 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6237264B1 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 2001-05-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Device and method for producing lenticular images with motion |
US6807760B2 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2004-10-26 | Submedia, Llc | Apparatus for displaying images to viewers in motion |
US20100091367A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2010-04-15 | Nec Corporation | Three-dimensional image display device, portable terminal device, display panel and fly eye lens |
US7950805B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2011-05-31 | Submedia Llc | Systems and methods for displaying images to viewers in motion or viewing from multiple perspectives |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2004325970A (ja) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-11-18 | Kenji Morishita | ディスプレイシステムおよびディスプレイ方法 |
JP4442193B2 (ja) * | 2003-10-31 | 2010-03-31 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 像変化機能を有する画像形成体 |
-
2012
- 2012-07-11 CN CN2012102386322A patent/CN102879906A/zh active Pending
- 2012-07-12 WO PCT/US2012/046538 patent/WO2013010025A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6237264B1 (en) * | 1995-04-27 | 2001-05-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Device and method for producing lenticular images with motion |
US6807760B2 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2004-10-26 | Submedia, Llc | Apparatus for displaying images to viewers in motion |
US20100091367A1 (en) * | 2003-11-06 | 2010-04-15 | Nec Corporation | Three-dimensional image display device, portable terminal device, display panel and fly eye lens |
US7950805B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2011-05-31 | Submedia Llc | Systems and methods for displaying images to viewers in motion or viewing from multiple perspectives |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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CN102879906A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
WO2013010025A3 (fr) | 2013-05-10 |
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