WO2013000401A1 - 监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器和监测方法 - Google Patents

监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器和监测方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013000401A1
WO2013000401A1 PCT/CN2012/077568 CN2012077568W WO2013000401A1 WO 2013000401 A1 WO2013000401 A1 WO 2013000401A1 CN 2012077568 W CN2012077568 W CN 2012077568W WO 2013000401 A1 WO2013000401 A1 WO 2013000401A1
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Prior art keywords
layer
volatile dye
volatile
heat sensitive
color
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PCT/CN2012/077568
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邓宗武
英晓芳
史小菊
Original Assignee
苏州华实材料技术服务有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN201110178976.4A external-priority patent/CN102853946B/zh
Application filed by 苏州华实材料技术服务有限公司 filed Critical 苏州华实材料技术服务有限公司
Priority to US14/127,410 priority Critical patent/US9618398B2/en
Priority to KR1020147002602A priority patent/KR101568099B1/ko
Priority to EP12803738.9A priority patent/EP2728328B1/en
Priority to BR112013033371-5A priority patent/BR112013033371B1/pt
Priority to JP2014517420A priority patent/JP5779715B2/ja
Publication of WO2013000401A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013000401A1/zh

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K11/00Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
    • G01K11/12Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in colour, translucency or reflectance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/18Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
    • B32B27/20Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form
    • B32B3/02Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions
    • B32B3/04Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products having particular features of form characterised by features of form at particular places, e.g. in edge regions characterised by at least one layer folded at the edge, e.g. over another layer ; characterised by at least one layer enveloping or enclosing a material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/02Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/06Interconnection of layers permitting easy separation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D79/00Kinds or details of packages, not otherwise provided for
    • B65D79/02Arrangements or devices for indicating incorrect storage or transport
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D66/00Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
    • F16D66/02Apparatus for indicating wear
    • F16D66/021Apparatus for indicating wear using electrical detection or indication means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01KMEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K3/00Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature
    • G01K3/02Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values
    • G01K3/04Thermometers giving results other than momentary value of temperature giving means values; giving integrated values in respect of time
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/402Coloured
    • B32B2307/4026Coloured within the layer by addition of a colorant, e.g. pigments, dyes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70Other properties
    • B32B2307/748Releasability
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2519/00Labels, badges
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive item and a method of monitoring the quality status of the heat sensitive item.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a volatile dye to make a time-temperature indicator that indicates whether a heat sensitive article is subjected to temperature or is subjected to a temperature for a long period of time due to a color change produced by volatilization of the volatile dye. Deterioration or failure. Background technique
  • Some items or products that are very sensitive to temperature need to be stored or transported at low temperatures, such as most vaccines, biological products, biologically active samples and some medicines, as well as fresh foods such as fresh milk, dairy products, fresh meat, fresh fish, etc. .
  • shelf life or shelf life is the main method to ensure the safe use of these goods/products, especially drugs or foods, but these methods often fail to reflect whether drugs or foods that need to be stored and transported at low temperatures are safe.
  • Excessive exposure time at storage and storage temperatures Use simple and inexpensive methods to accurately indicate various heat sensitive items such as fresh foods that require low temperature storage, vaccines (between 2T and 8 °C), biologically active samples, etc., during storage or transportation because they exceed safe storage and transportation temperatures. Deterioration, failure or inactivation can better ensure the safety and use of the product.
  • TempTime (formerly Lifelines) in the United States first developed a label that met the requirements of the WHO and applied it to polio vaccines produced by three vaccine manufacturers, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi-Pasteur and Novartis.
  • the tags supplied by Temptime are mainly used according to the functions used. Class.
  • the first type is the Critical Temperature Indicator (CTI), which changes color as soon as the temperature exceeds the set value.
  • CTI Critical Temperature-Time Indicator
  • the second type is the so-called Critical Temperature-Time Indicator (CTTI), which has a delayed color change speed and is discolored after exposure to a set temperature for a few minutes or tens of minutes.
  • CTTI Critical Temperature-Time Indicator
  • the response time of the third type of tag needs to be longer. It is called Time-Temperature Indicator (TTI). It is the temperature-sensitive material that changes color after receiving a certain amount of heat. These tags are suitable for indicating vaccine. Hot history label.
  • the polymer type was developed by TempTime Corporation of the United States and is based on the solid-state 1,4-addition polymerization of a substituted diacetylene derivative to form a colored polymer.
  • the rate of the polymerization increases with increasing temperature, and the resulting polymer darkens the color, indicating whether the vaccine is overheated by contrast with the surrounding color.
  • This type of label needs to be screened to synthesize a suitable polymerized monomer, and the label needs to be stored at a temperature of -18 n C or lower after it is made, which significantly increases the cost of label use.
  • the early enzyme-reactive indicator is essentially a type of pH indicator that releases protons H+ by measuring the hydrolysis of the enzyme-catalyzed lipid substrate, causing the pH of the medium to change, causing a change in color, indicating temperature or heat history. .
  • the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction increases with increasing temperature, and the release rate of protons is therefore accelerated.
  • Representative is the Vitsab ring indicator developed by a Swedish company.
  • a representative product of the temperature indicator is the 3M Monitor Mark indicator produced by 3M Company of the United States. It is based on the diffusion of dye on the string. The temperature indication range and response period depend on the type of dye.
  • Another form of diffusion type indicator is to apply a material having a specific melting point to a porous substrate, the refractive indices of which are close to each other. When the coated material melts and diffuses into the porous substrate above a certain temperature, the light in the pores of the matrix is removed, and the transmittance of the substrate is increased, so that a change in color can also be achieved, indicating a heating process.
  • time-temperature indicators and methods that can be used to monitor the thermal history of heat sensitive articles for storage and monitoring of heat sensitive items, accurately indicating whether the heat sensitive items have failed or deteriorated.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive article for monitoring the thermal history of the heat sensitive article during storage and transportation and indicating whether the heat sensitive article has failed or deteriorated.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a temperature-time indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive article.
  • a volatile substance having a certain color (referred to herein as a volatile dye) is attached to a heat sensitive article, and an adsorbent material capable of adsorbing the dye is attached to the volatile dye, and then Sealing the volatile dye layer and the adsorbent material layer on the heat sensitive article using a sealing layer to form a laminated structure; during storage and transportation of the heat sensitive article, the volatile dye absorbs heat and is volatilized Adsorption of the adsorbent layer, the volatile dye layer is lighter due to heat absorption, and the amount of dye evaporation is closely related to its thermal history. On the one hand, at a certain temperature, the amount of volatilization of the dye increases with time.
  • the quality change process of heat sensitive articles has similar characteristics, that is, at a certain temperature, the quality of the heat sensitive articles deteriorates with time, and after a certain time, the heat sensitive articles fail or deteriorate; High, the quality of the heat-sensitive substance deteriorates rapidly, and the time for failure or deterioration is shortened.
  • the appropriate dye type and amount and/or other methods can be selected to control the rate of dye volatilization, so that the color change response of the dye layer to the thermal history and the quality change of the heat sensitive article are similar to the thermal history. the same.
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive article comprising two laminated portions of an indicator functional layer and an adsorption functional layer that are physically independent of each other prior to use, wherein:
  • the indication function layer includes:
  • the difference between the activation energy of the volatilization process of the volatile dye layer and the activation energy of the quality change process of the heat sensitive article is within a predetermined range Inside;
  • a first release film layer overlying the volatile dye layer, wherein the substrate material layer and the first release film layer are larger in size than the volatile dye layer and the volatile dye layer is sealed Between the substrate material layer and the first release film layer;
  • the adsorption functional layer includes:
  • a layer of adsorbent material coated on one side of the layer of substrate material wherein a size of the layer of adsorbent material is greater than a size of the layer of volatile dye
  • a self-adhesive layer applied to the layer of substrate material and surrounding the periphery of the layer of adsorbent material;
  • a second release film layer overlying the adhesive layer and the layer of adsorbent material.
  • the first release film layer and the second release film layer are separated, the adsorbent material layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, and the volatile dye layer and the adsorbent layer are Enclosed between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer, a time-temperature indicator in a use state is formed and closely attached to the heat sensitive article.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a heat sensitive article using the time-temperature indicator according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive article, comprising the steps of:
  • the size of the layer of adsorbent material is greater than the size of the layer of volatile dye
  • the second release film layer is covered on the adhesive layer and the adsorption material layer, and the adsorption material layer is enclosed between the substrate material and the second release film layer to form an adsorption functional layer.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for monitoring a quality state of a heat sensitive article, comprising the steps of: providing a heat sensitive article, wherein the heat sensitive article can maintain an effective quality state at a temperature T1 for a duration of time ti ;
  • the end point color difference of the volatile dye layer after a time t1 at a temperature T1 is
  • a layer of adsorbing material irreversibly absorbing the dye volatilized by the volatile dye layer
  • a sealing film layer having a size larger than a size of the adsorbing material layer and the volatile dye layer, and the adsorbing a layer of material and a layer of volatile dye are sealingly attached to the heat sensitive article;
  • the heat sensitive article after attaching the sealing film is subjected to actual disposal
  • the order of attaching the volatile dye layer and the adsorbent material layer is not limited, that is, the volatile dye layer may be attached first, and then the adsorbent material layer may be attached; or the adsorbent material may be attached first. Layer, then attach a layer of volatile material.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the construction of a time-temperature indicator in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic illustration of a time-temperature indicator usage and color change process made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2B is a schematic illustration of the use and discoloration process of a time-temperature indicator made in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a time-temperature indicator made by using dye A as a volatile dye in Example 1 of the present invention. Use and color change process renderings.
  • 4A and 4B show the discoloration speed of the time-temperature indicator produced by the dye A as the volatile dye at different temperatures in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a time-temperature indicator designed and manufactured for a hepatitis B vaccine (Hep-B) using dye A as a volatile dye in Example 2 of the present invention, and its color change response is almost identical to that of the vaccine.
  • Hep-B hepatitis B vaccine
  • Figure 7 is a graph showing the initial colorimetric value of an indicator made using dye A as a volatile dye, using different ink (i.e., dye) concentrations and the same amount of ink, and a color changing process at the same temperature, in Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is an indicator of the use of dye A as a volatile dye, using different ink concentrations and the same amount of ink, in accordance with Example 3 of the present invention, the time at which the indicator reaches the end point is linear with the amount of volatile dye printed per unit area. .
  • Figure 9 is a graph showing the variation of the color difference of the indicator of the present invention using the three compounds of the formula I (dies A, B, and C, respectively) as a time-temperature indicator, at 50 n C, in accordance with Example 4 of the present invention. .
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing the variation of the color difference of the indicator with time at the same temperature using the cyclodextrin, methylene chloride, methyl acetate, ethanol, ethyl acetate as the solvent, respectively, in Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the change in color difference at 80 n C and the time at which an indicator of the present invention was added to an organic solution of the dye A in an organic solution of the dye A.
  • Fig. 12 shows a time-temperature indicator in which the dye B is a volatile dye and three different adsorbent materials are used in the embodiment 7 of the present invention, and the color difference of the indicator layer of the indicator changes with time in the same temperature environment.
  • Indicative functional layer 1 second release film layer 23, volatile dye layer 15, adsorbent material layer 21, adsorption functional layer 2, self-adhesive layer 12, reference color layer 16, self-adhesive layer 22, heat sensitive article 3
  • the sealing film layer 13 the first release film layer 17, the release film layer 23, the substrate material layer 10, the sealant layer 14, the substrate material layer 20, and the isolation layer 24.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive item.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention comprises physically independent of each other prior to use.
  • the two functional sections of the functional layer and the adsorption functional layer wherein:
  • the indication function layer includes:
  • a first release film layer overlying the volatile dye layer, wherein the substrate material layer and the first release film layer have a size larger than a size of the volatile dye layer, and the volatile a dye layer is sealed between the first substrate material layer and the first release film layer;
  • the difference between the activation energy of the volatilization process of the volatile dye layer and the activation energy of the quality change process of the heat sensitive article is within a predetermined range
  • the adsorption functional layer includes:
  • a layer of adsorbent material applied to one side of the layer of substrate material, wherein a size of the layer of adsorbent material is greater than a size of the layer of volatile dye;
  • a self-adhesive layer applied to the layer of substrate material and surrounding the periphery of the layer of adsorbent material;
  • a second release film layer overlying the adhesive layer and the layer of adsorbent material.
  • separating the first release film layer and the second release film layer aligning the adsorbent material layer with the volatile dye layer, and enclosing the volatile dye layer and the adsorbent material layer on the first substrate layer and Between the two substrate layers, a time-temperature indicator of the state of use is formed.
  • the first substrate layer of the time-temperature indicator is closely attached to the heat sensitive article. Before using the heat sensitive article, the layer of adsorbent material is separated from the layer of volatile material, and then the color of the volatile dye layer is observed or measured.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is previously subjected to the same treatment as the heat sensitive article failure or deterioration process, the color difference of the volatile dye layer is measured with a color difference meter, and the color difference value is defined as the end point color difference.
  • the actual color difference of the volatile dye layer is measured prior to use of the heat sensitive article having the time-temperature indicator of the present invention. If the actual color difference of the volatile dye layer is greater than the end color difference, it indicates that the heat sensitive article has not expired or deteriorated and is in a usable state. If the actual color difference of the volatile dye layer is less than or equal to the end color difference, it indicates that the heat sensitive article has failed or deteriorated.
  • the color difference meter can It is any color difference meter that is commercially available.
  • a reference color label having the endpoint chromatic aberration is prepared with a non-volatile dye or pigment after measuring the endpoint chromatic aberration.
  • the color of the volatile dye layer was visually observed and compared to a reference color label. If the color of the volatile dye layer is darker than the color of the reference color label, it indicates that the heat sensitive item has not expired or deteriorated and is in a usable state. If the color of the volatile dye layer is lighter or the same as the color of the reference color label, it means that the heat sensitive item has failed or deteriorated and cannot be used.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can be treated at time T1 at time T1, and the volatile dye layer after disposal is recorded. Chromatic aberration, as the end color difference. If the time tl is too long, the end point chromatic aberration can also be measured using an accelerated experiment method well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the reference color label may be separate from or incorporated in the indicator function layer and the adsorption function layer.
  • the reference color label is disposed adjacent to the volatile dye layer.
  • any feasible arrangement may be employed, such as being arranged side by side with the volatile dye layer, or surrounding the volatile dye layer arrangement or the like.
  • a reference color layer is applied in the vicinity of or around it, with the reference color layer as a reference color label.
  • the first substrate material layer itself is prepared as a reference color label.
  • the heat sensitive item is selected from the group consisting of a vaccine, a biological product, a biologically active sample, a pharmaceutical, a food or a drink.
  • the heat sensitive article is an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -40 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -30 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably Articles that need to be stored and/or shipped at -30 ° C to 30 ° C, preferably those that need to be stored and/or transported at -20 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably at -20 ° C to 10 ° C Items stored and/or transported, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at -10 ° C to 10 ° C, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at 0 ° C to 10 ° C, for example at 2 ° Items stored and/or transported at C to 8 °C.
  • the heat sensitive items include, but are not limited to: vaccines, such as heat labile vaccines, such as a small paralysis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc.
  • Products such as human immunoglobulin, anti-human tau cell porcine immunoglobulin, etc., biologically active samples, such as plasma, whole blood, serum, etc., drugs, such as posterior pituitary injection, stannous fentanyl for injection, etc.
  • food such as fresh meat, fresh fish, etc.
  • drinks such as fresh milk, dairy products, yogurt, pasteurized milk, etc.
  • the difference between the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process and the activation energy of the heat sensitive article or the activation energy of the failure process is within a predetermined range, preferably the difference is ⁇ 10 kJ/mol Within the range, it is more preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 kJ/mol.
  • the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process is 60 - 140 kJ/mol.
  • the "activation energy of the volatilization process of the volatile dye layer" described in the present invention means the apparent activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention in use.
  • the volatile dye layer is solid or liquid in the range of 0 - 80 ° C, more preferably in the range of 0 - 50 ° C.
  • the volatile dye is not particularly limited, and any volatile dye capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the volatile dye is selected from the group consisting of an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, a compound of formula I, or a combination thereof, wherein the compound of formula I has the following formula:
  • R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl , neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d_ 6 straight or branched decyloxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy , pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc.; -COR2, -COOR2;
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen, d- 6 straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl and the like; d_ 6 straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl group, for example methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, sec-butylamino, t-butylamino, pentylamine Base, isoamylamine, neopentylamino, hexylamino and the like.
  • fluorenyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-
  • the volatile dye is selected from the compounds of formula I above.
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more volatile auxiliary agents.
  • the volatile auxiliary agent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any volatile auxiliary agent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used as long as it can adjust the volatilization speed of the volatile dye of the present invention.
  • the volatile additives described herein can be volatile The volatilization of the dye has an accelerating effect or a slowing effect.
  • the volatilization aid is selected from one or more of the following volatile compounds:
  • a linear indole hydrocarbon a branched anthracene hydrocarbon, a cyclic anthracene hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as hexanthene, hydrazine, octopine or an isomer thereof, cyclohexanone, cycloheptadine, cyclopentanthene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc.;
  • a straight or branched chain or an aromatic or cyclic alcohol such as butanol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, tetradecanol, pentadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.;
  • Linear or branched or aromatic or cyclic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, fatty acid, azelaic acid, twelve Azelaic acid, etc.;
  • Amino acids such as aminobenzoic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, etc.
  • Sulfone such as diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl disulfone, dibenzyl sulfone, dibutyl sulfone, etc.;
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more solvents.
  • the solvent is not specifically limited in the present invention, and any solvent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, acetone, diethyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, One or more of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, and dichloroacetam.
  • the kind of the adsorbent material is not particularly limited, and any adsorbent material capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the adsorbent material of the present invention is capable of irreversibly adsorbing a dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer, and more preferably, the adsorbent material adsorbs a volatile dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer.
  • the speed is much higher than the volatilization rate of volatile dyes.
  • the rate at which the volatile dye is adsorbed is essentially only related to the rate of volatilization of the dye.
  • the volatilization rate of the dye is only affected by the temperature, and is not affected by factors such as the hindrance of saturated/near saturated vapor generated by self-volatilization.
  • the amount of volatilization of the dye is only affected by temperature and time, so its color change due to volatilization can more accurately reflect the thermal history of the time-temperature indicator, thereby more accurately monitoring the thermal history of heat sensitive items.
  • an adsorbent material having a lower adsorption rate can also be used.
  • the absorbent material includes, but is not limited to, oily or water-based adhesives, commercial self-adhesive papers, and self-adhesive tapes.
  • the materials of the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer are not specifically limited, and Any substrate material that achieves the objectives of the present invention is used.
  • the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer may use the same or different materials.
  • the first substrate material layer together with the first release film layer seals the volatile dye layer; the second substrate material layer together with the second release film layer seals the adsorbent material layer.
  • the first substrate material layer has a laminated structure, and a sealing layer, a self-adhesive layer and a third release film layer are sequentially included on the opposite side of the substrate material from the volatile dye layer. .
  • the third release film layer is first peeled off, and the adhesive layer on the first substrate material layer is applied to the heat sensitive article.
  • the first release film layer and the second release film layer are then peeled off, the adsorbent material layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, and the adsorbent material layer and the volatile dye layer are sealed together on the heat sensitive article.
  • the time-temperature indicator further comprises an isolating layer between the volatile dye layer and the layer of adsorbent material when in use.
  • the barrier layer Prior to use, the barrier layer is between the volatile dye layer and the first release film layer or between the adsorbent material layer and the second release film.
  • the barrier layer can be used to adjust the rate of volatilization of volatile dyes in the volatile dye layer.
  • the barrier layer can help separate the volatile dye layer from the layer of adsorbent material.
  • the material of the separator is not specifically limited in the present invention, and any material that can achieve the object of the present invention can be used. Non-limiting examples include nonwovens, nylon P6 mesh, nylon P66 mesh, and the like. When the color or chromatic aberration of the volatile dye layer is observed or measured, the barrier layer is separated from the layer of adsorbent material from the volatile dye layer.
  • the release film layer of the present invention is not limited in any way, and any release film layer capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used. It will be appreciated that the release film layer of the present invention can be readily selected by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein.
  • the first, second, and third release film layers do not function to adsorb volatile dyes.
  • the materials used for the release film are widely selected, and non-limiting examples include: paper, wax paper, polymer film such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate. Ester and the like.
  • the rate obeys the Arrhenius equation, ie ELT, where k is the rate of change of the heat-sensitive item metamorphism or failure process, T is the absolute temperature (K), E is the activation energy of the heat-sensitive item metamorphism or failure process, and R is the ideal gas constant , A is a constant.
  • the rate of volatilization obeys the Arrhenius equation, ie 2 '303.
  • volatility The type of dye and its amount or the addition of a volatilization aid can adjust the volatilization rate of the volatile dye layer according to the present invention to a rate of change near the deterioration or failure process of the heat sensitive article.
  • the color decay rate of the volatile dye is used to accurately indicate the thermal history of the deterioration or failure process of the heat sensitive article.
  • the color fading rate of volatile dyes has a positive correlation with its volatilization rate. Therefore, the color fading rate has a positive correlation with the rate of change of the heat sensitive article deterioration or failure process.
  • the first substrate layer has one or more transparent regions.
  • the time-temperature indicator is used, the first release film layer and the second release film layer are separated, the adsorbent material layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, and the volatile dye layer and the adsorbent material layer are closed.
  • a time-temperature indicator in a use state is formed between the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer.
  • the second substrate layer is applied to the heat sensitive article.
  • the color depth or chromatic aberration of the volatile dye layer is observed or measured directly through the transparent region prior to use of the heat sensitive article.
  • the first substrate layer itself is transparent, and when the time-temperature indicator is used, the second substrate layer is applied to the heat sensitive article.
  • the color change of the volatile dye layer is observed or measured through the transparent first substrate layer prior to use of the heat sensitive article.
  • heat sensitive items can be selected at any time to remove heat sensitive items that have failed or deteriorated, thereby reducing unnecessary storage and transportation. Because most heat sensitive materials are stored and transported at low temperatures, reducing unnecessary storage and transportation can significantly reduce storage and transportation costs.
  • the user may choose to use a heat sensitive item that is lighter in color but has not deteriorated or failed, thereby reducing the likelihood of failure or deterioration of the heat sensitive material.
  • the materials of the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer are not particularly limited, and any substrate material capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer may use the same or different materials.
  • the first substrate material layer together with the first release film layer seals the volatile dye layer; the second substrate material layer together with the second release film layer seals the adsorbent material layer.
  • the second substrate material layer has a laminated structure, and the sealing material layer, the self-adhesive layer and the fourth release film layer are sequentially arranged on the opposite side of the substrate material from the volatile dye layer. .
  • the fourth release film layer is first peeled off, and the adhesive layer on the second substrate material layer is applied to the heat sensitive article.
  • the first release film layer and the second release film layer are then peeled off, the adsorbent material layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, and the adsorbent material layer and the volatile dye layer are sealed together on the heat sensitive article.
  • time-temperature indicator provided by the first aspect of the invention, the cost can be reduced and the accuracy of monitoring the thermal history of the heat sensitive article can be improved.
  • Personalized time-temperature indicators can be developed for a variety of heat-sensitive items by selecting the appropriate volatile dyes, volatile additives, solvents and their amounts. Specifically, for specific heat-sensitive items, the activation energy of the failure or metamorphism process can be determined experimentally and the various constants in the Arrhenius equation can be determined. Then, by selecting appropriate volatile dyes, volatile assistants, solvents and their amounts, and adjusting the constants in the Arrhenius equation of the volatile dye layer to be similar or identical to the specific heat sensitive article, accurate monitoring of the specific heat sensitivity can be obtained.
  • a time-temperature indicator of the thermal history of the item which is not possible in the prior art.
  • the time-temperature indicator provided by the first aspect of the present invention directly judges whether the heat sensitive article is ineffective or deteriorated by the color change of the volatile dye layer, and is simple and easy.
  • Most time-temperature indicators of the prior art can only be stored at low temperatures.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention skillfully adopts a structure in which the indicating functional layer and the adsorption functional layer are separately stored and combined in use, and therefore, the temperature-time display of the present invention can be stored at normal temperature, thereby reducing the use cost of the indicator. .
  • the time-temperature indicator provided by the first aspect of the invention is implemented using a new indicator color change principle. Unlike the polymer type, the enzyme reaction type, and the diffusion type indicator, the present invention utilizes the volatile matter of the substance to achieve a color change by a volatile-adsorbed dye transfer process. With the new principle, low-cost materials can be used, while broadening the choice of materials and reducing the overall cost of indicator production.
  • the color of the volatile dye layer can be directly observed through the first substrate material layer, which allows the user
  • the heat sensitive articles can be selectively used according to the color of the volatile dye layer, and the heat sensitive articles that have deteriorated or failed are screened during storage and transportation, which obviously improves the use efficiency of the heat sensitive articles and reduces the storage and transportation costs.
  • the time-temperature indicator according to the first aspect of the invention is attached to the packaging container of the heat sensitive article, and of course may be attached to the heat sensitive article in any convenient manner.
  • the attachment described herein can be in any feasible manner, such as pasting.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can be applied to the outer surface of a primary package (or a minimal package, such as a vaccine for an ampoule) such as a vaccine, a drug, etc., such as a glass bottle of vaccine or a glass bottle of a drug.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a heat sensitive article using a temperature index according to the first aspect of the invention Display.
  • the heat sensitive article is as described in the first aspect of the invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a method of preparing a time-temperature indicator for monitoring the quality status of a heat sensitive article.
  • the method of the third aspect of the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the first release film and the second release film are peeled off, the adsorption functional layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, the first substrate material layer is closely attached to the heat sensitive article, and the volatile dye is The layer and the layer of adsorbent material are sealed together between the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer to form a time-temperature index of use.
  • the separated indicating functional layer and the adsorbing functional layer were obtained. Therefore, the indicating functional layer and the adsorbing functional layer of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can be separately stored at normal temperature, which is difficult to achieve in the prior art time-temperature indicator.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the invention is combined and attached to the heat sensitive article, and the heat history of the heat sensitive article can be accurately monitored through the storage and transportation process together with the heat sensitive article, and the quality of the heat sensitive article can be accurately determined. status.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is previously subjected to the same process as the heat sensitive article failure or deterioration process, and the color difference when the heat sensitive article fails or deteriorates is measured by a color difference meter, and recorded as the end point chromatic aberration.
  • the layer of adsorbent material Prior to the use of the heat sensitive article, the layer of adsorbent material is separated from the volatile dye layer, the actual color difference of the volatile dye layer is measured with a color difference meter, and the actual color difference is compared to the endpoint color difference. If the actual color difference is greater than the end color difference, Then the heat sensitive article is not ineffective or deteriorated and is in a usable quality state. If the actual color difference is less than or equal to the end point color difference, the heat sensitive item has failed or deteriorated and is in an unusable quality state.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is previously subjected to the same process as the failure or deterioration of the heat sensitive article, and the color difference at the time of failure or deterioration of the heat sensitive article is measured and recorded as the end point chromatic aberration.
  • a reference color label having an endpoint chromatic aberration is prepared using a non-volatile dye or a non-volatile pigment.
  • the reference color label may be independent of the indication function layer and the adsorption function layer.
  • the reference color label is included in the indication function layer.
  • a non-volatile dye or non-volatile pigment having an endpoint chromatic aberration is applied adjacent to the volatile dye layer after application of the volatile dye layer to form a reference color label.
  • the reference color label may be disposed adjacent to the volatile dye layer in any possible manner, such as alongside the volatile dye layer, surrounding the volatile dye layer, and the like. More preferably, the first substrate material layer itself is prepared as a reference color label.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is treated at time T1 at T1 temperature, and the color difference of the volatile dye layer after disposal is recorded. , as the end color difference.
  • the heat sensitive item is selected from the group consisting of a vaccine, a biological product, a biologically active sample, a pharmaceutical, a food or a drink.
  • the heat sensitive article is an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -40 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -30 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably Articles that need to be stored and/or shipped at -30 ° C to 30 ° C, preferably those that need to be stored and/or transported at -20 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably at -20 ° C to 10 ° C Items stored and/or transported, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at -10 ° C to 10 ° C, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at 0 ° C to 10 ° C, for example at 2 ° Items stored and/or transported at C to 8 °C.
  • the heat sensitive articles include, but are not limited to: vaccines, such as heat labile vaccines, such as a small paralysis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc., biological products, such as human immunoglobulin, anti-human T cell pig immunity A globulin, a biologically active sample, such as plasma, whole blood, serum, etc., a drug, such as a posterior pituitary injection, a stannous thiophene for injection, a food, such as fresh meat, fresh fish, etc., such as fresh Milk, dairy products, yogurt, pasteurized milk, etc.
  • vaccines such as heat labile vaccines, such as a small paralysis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc.
  • biological products such as human immunoglobulin, anti-human T cell pig immunity A globulin
  • a biologically active sample such as plasma, whole blood, serum, etc.
  • a drug such as a posterior pituitary
  • the difference between the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process and the activation energy of the heat sensitive article or the activation energy of the failure process is within a predetermined range, preferably the difference is ⁇ 10 kJ/mol Within the range, it is more preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 kJ/mol.
  • the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process is 60 - 140 kJ/mol.
  • the "activation energy of the volatilization process of the volatile dye layer" in the present invention means the apparent activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention in use.
  • the volatile dye layer is solid or liquid in the range of 0 - 80 ° C, more preferably in the range of 0 - 50 ° C.
  • the volatile dye is not particularly limited, and any volatile dye capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the volatile dye is selected from the group consisting of an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, a compound of formula I, or a combination thereof, wherein the compound of formula I has the following formula:
  • R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl , neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d_ 6 straight or branched decyloxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy , pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc.; -COR2, -COOR2;
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen, d- 6 straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, Neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d- 6 straight or branched mercaptoamine such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamino, pentylamino , isoamylamine, neopentylamino, hexylamine, and the like.
  • fluorenyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,
  • the volatile dye is selected from the compounds of formula I above.
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more volatile auxiliary agents.
  • the volatile auxiliary agent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any volatile auxiliary agent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the volatile auxiliaries described herein can accelerate or slow the volatilization of volatile dyes.
  • the volatilization aid is selected from one or more of the following volatile compounds:
  • a linear indole hydrocarbon such as hexanthene, hydrazine, octopine or an isomer thereof, cyclohexanone, cycloheptadine, cyclopentanthene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc.
  • a straight or branched chain or an aromatic or cyclic alcohol such as butanol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, tetradecanol, pentadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.;
  • Linear or branched or aromatic or cyclic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, fatty acid, azelaic acid, twelve Azelaic acid, etc.;
  • Amino acids such as aminobenzoic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, etc.
  • Sulfone such as diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl disulfone, dibenzyl sulfone, dibutyl sulfone, etc.;
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more solvents.
  • the solvent is not specifically limited in the present invention, and any solvent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, acetone, diethyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, One or more of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, and dichloroacetam.
  • the volatile dye, the volatilization aid, and the solvent are mixed and coated on the first substrate material layer to form a volatile dye layer.
  • the coating method is not particularly limited as long as it can form a volatile dye layer uniformly.
  • any known method of forming a coating such as spraying, printing, painting, or the like can be employed.
  • the adsorbent material of the present invention is capable of irreversibly adsorbing a dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer, and more preferably, the adsorbent material adsorbs a volatile dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer.
  • the speed is much higher than the volatilization rate of volatile dyes.
  • the rate at which the volatile dyes are adsorbed is essentially only related to the rate of volatilization of the dye.
  • the volatilization rate of the dye is only affected by the temperature, and is not affected by factors such as the hindrance of saturated/near saturated vapor generated by self-evaporation.
  • the amount of volatilization of the dye is only affected by temperature and time, so the thermal history of the temperature-time sensor can be more accurately reflected.
  • an adsorbent material having a small adsorption speed for example, an adsorbent material having a dye adsorption rate lower than that of the dye.
  • the kind of the adsorbent material is not particularly limited, and any adsorbent material capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the adsorbent material includes, but is not limited to, oily or water-based adhesives, commercial self-adhesive papers, and self-adhesive tapes.
  • the materials of the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer are not particularly limited, and any substrate material capable of achieving the object of the present invention may be used.
  • the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer may Use the same or different materials.
  • the first substrate material layer together with the first release film layer seals the volatile dye layer; the second substrate material layer together with the second release film layer seals the adsorbent material layer.
  • the first substrate material layer has a laminated structure, and a sealing layer, a self-adhesive layer and a third release film layer are sequentially included on the opposite side of the substrate material from the volatile dye layer. .
  • the third release film layer is first peeled off, and the adhesive layer on the first substrate material layer is applied to the heat sensitive article.
  • the first release film layer and the second release film layer are then peeled off, the adsorbent material layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, and the adsorbent material layer and the volatile dye layer are sealed together on the heat sensitive article.
  • the time-temperature indicator further comprises an isolation layer between the volatile dye layer and the layer of adsorbent material.
  • the barrier layer Prior to use, the barrier layer is between the volatile dye layer and the first release film layer or between the adsorbent material layer and the second release film.
  • the barrier layer can be used to adjust the rate of volatilization of volatile dyes in the volatile dye layer.
  • the material of the separator is not specifically limited in the present invention, and any material that can achieve the object of the present invention can be used. Non-limiting examples include non-woven fabrics, nylon P6 mesh, nylon P66 mesh, and the like.
  • the separator is separated from the layer of adsorbent material from the volatile dye layer.
  • the barrier layer may be covered and then the first release film layer may be overlaid.
  • the barrier layer is covered after the layer of adsorbent material is applied, and then the second release layer is covered.
  • the method of the second aspect of the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the self-adhesive layer and the adsorbent layer with a second release film layer, sealing the adsorbent material layer between the second substrate material and the second release film layer, thereby forming an adsorption functional layer .
  • the first release film and the second release film are peeled off, the adsorption functional layer is aligned with the volatile dye layer, the second substrate material layer is closely attached to the heat sensitive article, and the volatile dye is The layer and the layer of adsorbent material are sealed together between the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer to form a time-temperature index of use.
  • the first substrate layer has one or more transparent regions through which the color of the volatile dye layer can be measured or observed. More preferably, the first substrate layer itself is transparent, and the color of the volatile dye layer can be measured or observed through the transparent first substrate layer.
  • the release film layer of the present invention is not limited in any way, and any release film layer capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used. It will be appreciated that the release film layer of the present invention can be readily selected by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings herein.
  • the first, second, third, and fourth release film layers do not function to adsorb a volatile dye.
  • the materials used for the release film are widely selected, and non-limiting examples include: paper, wax paper, polymer film such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate. Ester and the like.
  • the related descriptions of the volatile dye layer, the adsorbent layer, the separator, the first release film layer, the second release film layer, and the reference color label involved in the embodiment are the same as or similar to the previous embodiment;
  • the color difference or color depth of the volatile dye layer is observed or measured in the same or similar manner as the previous embodiment; in the present embodiment, the manner of determining whether the heat sensitive article is ineffective or deteriorated is the same as the previous implementation.
  • the plan is the same or similar. All the same or similar parts will not be described here.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method of detecting a quality state of a heat sensitive article.
  • the method of the fourth aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • a difference between an activation energy of a volatilization process of the volatile dye layer and an activation energy of the heat sensitive article deterioration or failure process is within a predetermined range
  • a layer of adsorbing material irreversibly absorbing the dye volatilized by the volatile dye layer
  • a sealing film layer having a size larger than a size of the adsorbing material layer and the volatile dye layer, and the adsorbing a layer of material and a layer of volatile dye are sealingly attached to the heat sensitive article;
  • the heat sensitive article after attaching the sealing film is subjected to actual disposal; Stripping the layer of adsorbent material;
  • the volatile dye layer has a color difference C1 after the time t1 at the temperature T1;
  • a layer of substrate material is attached to the heat sensitive article prior to attachment of the volatile dye layer.
  • a barrier layer is attached between the volatile dye layer and the layer of adsorbent material.
  • the method of the fourth aspect of the invention comprises the steps of:
  • the adsorbent layer irreversibly adsorbs the dye volatilized in the volatile dye layer, and the difference between the activation energy of the volatile dye layer and the activation energy of the heat sensitive article during the deterioration or failure process The value is within the predetermined range;
  • the heat sensitive article after attaching the sealing film is subjected to actual disposal
  • the volatile dye layer has a color difference C1 after the time t1 at the temperature T1;
  • a layer of substrate material is attached to the heat sensitive article prior to attachment of the layer of adsorbent material.
  • a barrier layer is attached between the volatile dye layer and the layer of adsorbent material.
  • the heat-sensitive article to which the layers are attached is subjected to a failure or deterioration process in advance, and a color difference meter is used to measure a color difference when the heat-sensitive article fails or deteriorates, and is recorded as an end point chromatic aberration.
  • the actual color difference of the volatile dye layer is measured with a color difference meter, and the actual color difference is compared with the end color difference. If the actual color difference is greater than the end color difference, the heat sensitive item does not fail or deteriorate and is in a usable quality state. If the actual color difference is less than or equal to the end point color difference, the heat sensitive item has failed or deteriorated and is in an unusable quality state.
  • a reference color label having an endpoint chromatic aberration is prepared with a non-volatile dye or a non-volatile pigment.
  • visually observe the actual color of the volatile dye layer and compare the actual color to the reference color label. If the actual color is deeper than the reference color label, the heat sensitive item does not fail or deteriorate and is in a usable quality state. If the actual color is lighter or the same as the color of the reference color label, the heat sensitive item has failed or deteriorated and is in an unusable quality state.
  • the reference color label may be independent of the indication function layer and the adsorption function layer.
  • the reference color label is included in the indication function layer.
  • a non-volatile dye or non-volatile pigment having an endpoint chromatic aberration is applied adjacent to the volatile dye layer after application of the volatile dye layer to form a reference color label.
  • the reference color label may be disposed adjacent to the volatile dye layer in any possible manner, such as alongside the volatile dye layer, surrounding the volatile dye layer, and the like.
  • a heat sensitive article deteriorates or fails over time T1 at a temperature T1
  • the heat sensitive article to which the layers are attached is subjected to a treatment of time t1 at a temperature of T1, and the volatile dye layer after recording is disposed.
  • the color difference as the endpoint color difference.
  • the heat sensitive item is selected from the group consisting of a vaccine, a biological product, a biologically active sample, a pharmaceutical, a food or a drink.
  • the heat sensitive article is an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -40 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably an article that needs to be stored and/or transported at -30 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably Articles that need to be stored and/or shipped at -30 ° C to 30 ° C, preferably those that need to be stored and/or transported at -20 ° C to 20 ° C, preferably at -20 ° C to 10 ° C Items stored and/or transported, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at -10 ° C to 10 ° C, such as items that need to be stored and/or transported at 0 ° C to 10 ° C, for example at 2 ° Items stored and/or transported at C to 8 °C.
  • the heat sensitive articles include, but are not limited to: vaccines, such as heat labile vaccines, such as a small paralysis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc., biological products, such as human immunoglobulin, anti-human T cell pig immunity A globulin, a biologically active sample, such as plasma, whole blood, serum, etc., a drug, such as a posterior pituitary injection, a stannous thiophene for injection, a food, such as fresh meat, fresh fish, etc., such as fresh Milk, dairy products, yogurt, pasteurized milk, etc.
  • vaccines such as heat labile vaccines, such as a small paralysis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, etc.
  • biological products such as human immunoglobulin, anti-human T cell pig immunity A globulin
  • a biologically active sample such as plasma, whole blood, serum, etc.
  • a drug such as a posterior pituitary
  • the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process and the quality of the heat sensitive article are changed.
  • the difference in activation energy of the chemical or failure process is within a predetermined range, preferably the difference is in the range of ⁇ 10 kJ/mol, more preferably in the range of ⁇ 5 kJ/mol.
  • the activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process is 60 - 140 kJ/mol.
  • the "activation energy of the volatilization process of the volatile dye layer" in the present invention means the apparent activation energy of the volatile dye layer volatilization process of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention in use.
  • the volatile dye layer is solid or liquid in the range of 0 - 80 ° C, more preferably in the range of 0 - 50 ° C.
  • the volatile dye is not particularly limited, and any volatile dye capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the volatile dye is selected from the group consisting of an azo dye, an anthraquinone dye, a compound of formula I, or a combination thereof, wherein the compound of formula I has the following formula:
  • R1 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, C straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl , neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d_ 6 straight or branched decyloxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy , pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc.; -COR2, -COOR2;
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen, d- 6 straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, Neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d- 6 straight or branched mercaptoamine such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamino, pentylamino , isoamylamine, neopentylamino, hexylamine, and the like.
  • fluorenyl such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl,
  • the volatile dye is selected from the compounds of formula I above.
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more volatile auxiliary agents.
  • the volatile auxiliary agent is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any volatile auxiliary agent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the volatile auxiliaries described herein can accelerate or slow the volatilization of volatile dyes.
  • the volatilization aid is selected from one or more of the following volatile compounds:
  • a linear indole hydrocarbon a branched anthracene hydrocarbon, a cyclic anthracene hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon such as hexanthene, hydrazine, octopine or an isomer thereof, cyclohexanone, cycloheptadine, cyclopentanthene, naphthalene, anthracene, etc.;
  • a straight or branched chain or an aromatic or cyclic alcohol such as butanol, lauryl alcohol, tridecyl alcohol, tetradecanol, pentadecyl alcohol, Palmitol, heptadecyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, etc.;
  • Linear or branched or aromatic or cyclic carboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, lauric acid, tridecanoic acid, myristic acid, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, fatty acid, azelaic acid, twelve Azelaic acid, etc.;
  • Amino acids such as aminobenzoic acid, leucine, phenylalanine, etc.
  • Sulfone such as diphenyl sulfone, diphenyl disulfone, dibenzyl sulfone, dibutyl sulfone, etc.;
  • the volatile dye layer further comprises one or more solvents.
  • the solvent is not specifically limited in the present invention, and any solvent capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the solvent is selected from the group consisting of water, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, benzene, xylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, acetone, diethyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, One or more of carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, methylene chloride, and dichloroacetam.
  • the volatile dye, the volatilization aid, and the solvent are mixed and coated on the first substrate material layer to form a volatile dye layer.
  • the coating method is not particularly limited as long as it can form a volatile dye layer uniformly.
  • any known method of forming a coating such as spraying, printing, painting, or the like can be employed.
  • the adsorbent material of the present invention is capable of irreversibly adsorbing a dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer, and more preferably, the adsorbent material adsorbs a volatile dye volatilized from the volatile dye layer.
  • the speed is much higher than the volatilization rate of volatile dyes.
  • the rate at which the volatile dyes are adsorbed is essentially only related to the rate of volatilization of the dye.
  • the volatilization rate of the dye is only affected by the temperature, and is not affected by factors such as the hindrance of saturated/near saturated vapor generated by self-evaporation.
  • the amount of volatilization of the dye is only affected by temperature and time, so that the thermal history of the heat sensitive article can be monitored more accurately.
  • an adsorbent material having a small adsorption speed for example, an adsorbent material having an adsorption speed lower than that of the dye.
  • the kind of the adsorbent material is not specifically limited, and any adsorbent material capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the adsorbent materials include, but are not limited to, oily or aqueous self-adhesives, commercial stickers, self-adhesive tapes, and the like.
  • the materials of the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer are not particularly limited, and any substrate material capable of achieving the object of the present invention can be used.
  • the first substrate material layer and the second substrate material layer may use the same or different materials.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention provides a compound having the structure of formula I: among them,
  • Rl is selected from hydrogen; halogen; C straight or branched fluorenyl, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl , neopentyl, n-hexyl, etc.; d_ 6 straight or branched decyloxy, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy , pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, neopentyloxy, hexyloxy, etc.; -COR2; -COOR2, etc.;
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen; d_ 6 straight or branched chain alkyl group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, Neopentyl, n-hexyl; d- 6 straight or branched mercaptoamine, such as methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamine, pentyl Amine, isoamylamine, neopentylamino, hexylamine; and the like.
  • alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-but
  • R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, -COR2, -COOR2;
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen; d_ 4 straight or branched chain alkyl group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl; d_ 4 straight or branched chain alkyl Amino group, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, sec-butylamino, tert-butylamino, pentylamino, isoamylamino, neopentylamino, hexyl Amine; and so on. .
  • R1 is selected from hydrogen, -COOH, -COOCH 3, - COOCH 2 CH 3, -COOCH 2 CH 2 CH 3, -COOCH (CH 3) 2 and the like.
  • R1 is respectively -COOCH 3, -COOCH 2 CH 3 and -COOCH (CH 3) 2, the compound may be abbreviated as a dye A, dye B and dye C.
  • the term "deterioration" means that a heat-sensitive item loses its original quality state or fails to meet specified quality requirements after a certain storage and transportation time.
  • a heat-sensitive item loses its original quality state or fails to meet specified quality requirements after a certain storage and transportation time.
  • it often deteriorates due to heat or other factors.
  • the higher the storage and transportation temperature the faster the metamorphic speed.
  • Heat sensitive items usually have a specified storage and transportation temperature and therefore have a certain shelf life or shelf life. If the storage of heat sensitive items When the operating temperature exceeds the specified storage and transportation temperature, the metamorphic speed is accelerated and the shelf life is shortened.
  • many foods or medicines only indicate their specified storage and transportation temperatures and shelf life, but whether the actual storage and transportation temperature during storage and transportation has been kept below the specified storage and transportation temperature is not known.
  • the rate of dye volatilization of the volatile dye layer can be made close to or consistent with the rate of change of the quality of the heat sensitive article, i.e., the volatile dye
  • the color fading rate of the layer is similar to or consistent with the rate of change of the quality of the heat sensitive article, and the quality change of the heat sensitive article can be accurately monitored.
  • the color difference of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention reaches or is less than the end color difference, that is, its color is equal to the end point color or lighter than the end point color, it indicates that the heat sensitive item has deteriorated, although the storage time of the heat sensitive item may still be Did not meet the stated shelf life. Therefore, by using the time-temperature indicator of the present invention or the method of monitoring the quality state of the heat sensitive article of the present invention, the quality state of the heat sensitive article can be more accurately monitored, and the use of the heat sensitive article can be ensured.
  • the term "failure” means that a heat-sensitive item loses its original performance or fails to meet specified quality requirements after a certain period of storage and transportation.
  • a vaccine should be prescribed for its activity before use, and after storage, if the activity does not meet the prescribed standards, the vaccine can be considered to have expired and cannot be used.
  • the activity after storage and transportation of the vaccine is specified to be more than 90%, then when the activity reaches 90% or less, it is considered to have failed.
  • Different heat sensitive items have different failure criteria.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention should be used to determine the end point chromatic aberration according to the failure criteria of different heat sensitive articles.
  • the failure process of heat sensitive items is closely related to the temperature of their storage and transportation process.
  • the failure process of the heat sensitive article is accelerated, that is, the failure rate is increased, and the shelf life is shortened.
  • many heat sensitive items only specify their storage and storage temperatures and shelf life, but not their thermal history. Whether the storage and transportation temperature during storage and transportation exceeds the specified storage and transportation temperature is unknown to the user.
  • the rate of dye volatilization of the volatile dye layer can be made close to or coincident with the failure rate of the heat sensitive article, i.e., the volatile dye layer.
  • the rate of color fading is similar to or consistent with the rate of failure of heat sensitive items, allowing accurate monitoring of the failure process of heat sensitive items.
  • the volatilization speed of the volatile dye layer increases, and the color fading rate increases, so the time to reach the end color difference or the end color is shortened, which indicates that the shelf life of the heat sensitive article is correspondingly shortened.
  • the color difference of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention reaches or is less than the end color difference, that is, the color is equal to the end point color or is lighter than the end point color, it indicates that the heat sensitive item has failed, although the storage time of the heat sensitive item may still be Did not meet the stated shelf life.
  • using the time-temperature indicator of the present invention or the method for monitoring the failure of the heat sensitive article of the present invention can more accurately monitor the failure process of the heat sensitive article, more accurately determine whether the heat sensitive article is ineffective, and ensure the heat sensitive article. Safe to use. This is of particular importance in the fields of vaccines, pharmaceuticals and food.
  • activation energy of a heat sensitive article failure or deterioration process refers to a heat sensitive item at log k : - ⁇ H- log A
  • the activation energy E in the Arrhenius equation during failure or metamorphism refers to the apparent activation energy of the heat sensitive article during actual failure or deterioration.
  • the inventors of the present invention believe that the failure or deterioration process of heat sensitive articles obeys the Arrhenius equation.
  • the heat sensitive article is tested for failure or deterioration rate of the heat sensitive article at at least two different temperatures, preferably at more than 5 temperatures, more preferably at more than 10 temperatures. Then perform a logk as a function of temperature T in a Cartesian coordinate system, which is a straight line or an approximate straight line. From the slope of the line and the intersection of its extension line and the coordinate axis, the apparent activation energy and constant A during the failure or deterioration of the heat sensitive article can be obtained.
  • activation energy of the volatile process of the volatile dye layer means that the volatile dye layer is in the volatilization process log k : - ⁇ + log A
  • the activation energy E in the Arrhenius equation 2303 HT refers to the apparent activation energy of the volatile dye layer of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention during actual volatilization.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is used to measure the rate of volatilization of the volatile dye layer at at least two different temperatures, preferably at more than 5 temperatures, more preferably at more than 10 temperatures.
  • a curve of logk as a function of temperature T is then made in a Cartesian coordinate system, which is a straight line or an approximate straight line. From the slope of the line and the intersection of the extension line and the coordinate axis, the apparent activation energy and constant A of the volatile dye layer of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention during volatilization can be obtained.
  • the apparent activation energy E and the constant A of the volatile dye layer during volatilization can be controlled and made sensitive to heat.
  • the apparent activation energy E and the constant A during the failure or deterioration of the article are close or even uniform, so that the rate of dye evaporation of the volatile dye layer is close to or even consistent with the rate of deterioration or failure rate of the heat sensitive article, thereby The color change of the layer accurately monitors the thermal history of the heat sensitive item.
  • E or Ea is used to mean the activation energy as defined herein.
  • chromatic aberration refers to a numerically represented color measured with a color difference meter.
  • L*a*b* color space also known as CIELAB.
  • L* represents luminance
  • a* and b* are chromaticity coordinates.
  • a* and b* indicate the color direction
  • +a* indicates the red direction
  • -a* indicates the green direction
  • +b* indicates the yellow direction
  • -b* indicates the blue direction.
  • the center is colorless, and the color saturation increases as the a* and b* values increase and move out of the center.
  • Color difference meters are widely used to accurately measure chromatic aberrations.
  • the color difference can be expressed as a single value, represented by AE*ab, which indicates the magnitude of the color difference, but does not indicate where the color is different.
  • AE*ab is defined as follows:
  • the measured AE*ab relative to the white standard when the AE*ab is 10 or lower, although the color difference may decrease as the dye evaporates, the human eye barely observes this change. Therefore, it is possible to determine the value of AE*ab of 10 or more as the end point chromatic aberration, so that the user can directly compare the color depth by visual inspection. For example, you can set the endpoint color difference to any value such as AE*ab equal to 10, 15, 20, or 25.
  • the time-temperature of the present invention can be readily determined based on a predetermined endpoint color difference value, an actual measured velocity of the volatile dye layer, and a corresponding color fade rate.
  • the initial color difference C0 of the indicator when the AE*ab is 10 or lower, although the color difference may decrease as the dye evaporates, the human eye barely observes this change. Therefore, it is possible to determine the value of AE*ab of 10 or more as the end point chromatic aberration, so that the user can directly compare the color depth by visual inspection. For example,
  • the time-temperature indicator can be made to have the same color difference after the same process as the heat sensitive article fails or deteriorates.
  • the predetermined color difference value for example, AE*ab is equal to 10, 15, 20, 25, and the like.
  • the initial color difference C0 of the volatile dye layer should be sufficiently large when comparing the actual color difference and the end color difference by visual observation to ensure that the color of the reference color label having the end color difference is within the range distinguishable by the human eye. That is, the end color difference value should be 10 or more, for example, 10, 15, 20, 25 or more.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can use volatile dyes of any color.
  • the description of "the process of making the time-temperature indicator of the present invention through the same process as the heat sensitive article fails or deteriorates" or the like has the following meaning: It is assumed that the heat sensitive article fails after T1 time at the T1 temperature or Metamorphism, while not failing or deteriorating before time t, causes the time-temperature indicator of the present invention to be placed at T1 for a time of t1. For example, if a vaccine has a shelf life of -8 ° C for two years, the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can be placed at -8 ° C for two years to determine its endpoint color or endpoint color.
  • the endpoint chromatic aberration or endpoint color can be determined according to methods known to those skilled in the art or specific accelerated or experimentally prescribed for heat sensitive articles.
  • the methods described in the relevant textbooks for example, see the Department of Physical Chemistry, Tianjin University, Physical Chemistry, People's Education Press, 1979; Sudsen, et al., Physical Pharmacy, Chemical Industry Press, Beijing, 2004; Pharmacy, Third Edition, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, 1994, etc., related to substances such as drug stability.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention can be placed at 25 ° C for 8 weeks.
  • the color difference of the volatile dye layer was measured as the end point chromatic aberration. This method allows for faster determination of the endpoint chromatic aberration or endpoint color of the time-temperature indicator of the present invention compared to two years at 2-8 °C.
  • Arrhenius equation 2303 which includes parameters such as activation energy E , rate constant k, absolute temperature T, and the like.
  • reference to "on a heat sensitive item” or “on one or more areas on a heat sensitive item” in the present invention includes “on a package of heat sensitive items” or “in heat sensitive”"One or more areas on the package of the item”.
  • a package of heat sensitive items or “in heat sensitive””
  • One or more areas on the package of the item For example, on the outer surface of a primary package (or a minimum package, such as an ampoules) for vaccines, pharmaceuticals, etc., such as a glass bottle of vaccine or a glass bottle on the outer surface of a drug, or a plasma packaged in a soft bag, The soft bag of milk is on the outer surface. There is no limit to the location of the area, but it should be compared.
  • the size of the region is also not limited, but for the purpose of the present invention, 0.2 to 20 cm 2 is usually preferred, more preferably 0.5 to 5 cm 2 , still more preferably 0.5 to 4 cm 2 , still more preferably 0.5 to 2.5 cm 2 , more It is preferably 0.5 to 1 cm 2 .
  • the reference color label or reference color layer is prepared using a non-volatile dye or pigment.
  • the type of the volatile dye or pigment is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any commercially available non-volatile dye may be used as long as the color or chromatic aberration prescribed by the present invention can be achieved.
  • a heat sensitive article "failed” refers to whether the article is within the quality requirements specified by its expiration date. For example, taking the content of the active ingredient as an example, if a certain drug standard stipulates that the amount of the active ingredient should be more than 90% of the labeled amount, it can be judged according to whether the active ingredient of the drug is above 90% after being stored and/or transported, for example. "Is it invalid", for example if the active ingredient is >90%, it does not expire, if the active ingredient ⁇ 90% indicates failure.
  • CN101652645A discloses a time-temperature indicator comprising a time temperature indicator comprising: at least one metal layer or metal containing layer, and at least one directly contacting the metal layer or the metal containing layer a doped polymer layer, wherein the dopant is an acid, a base or a salt or a photolatent acid or a photolatent base, the dopant being added to the polymer, and/or at least one polymer layer, wherein The polymer is functionalized with an acidic or latent acidic or basic or latent basic group; or comprises a time temperature indicator comprising at least one polymer layer comprising metal particles and photolatent acid or photolatency A base, or at least one polymer layer, the layer comprising metal particles, wherein the polymer is functionalized with a latent acidic or latent basic group.
  • CN1914509A discloses a time temperature indicator comprising at least one indicator compound in the form of a first isomer, in which no attachment to the indicator compound occurs in the isomerization reaction
  • the indicator compound is converted to the indicator compound in a second isomeric form in a time- and temperature-dependent manner, wherein the formation of the second isomer form is Detected by monitoring the physical characteristics of the indicated compound.
  • the time-temperature indicator of the present invention is completely different from the existing time-temperature indicator in principle, as well as in structure and composition, and the time-temperature indication of the present invention.
  • the machine is very beneficial in terms of production, cost, ease of use, and so on.
  • the entire contents of the above-identified patent documents are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a "sealant layer" in the functional layer or layer of adsorbent material prevents migration or even evaporation of the dye after it has penetrated through the layer of substrate material.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of a substrate material layer that minimizes penetration and migration, it is preferred for the purposes of the present invention to apply a sealant layer on the side of the substrate material layer opposite the dye layer.
  • the material of the sealant or sealant layer is broadly selectable, and non-limiting examples include: Commercially available conventional glue.
  • the “seal film layer” in the indicating functional layer prevents migration or even evaporation of the dye after it penetrates through the substrate material layer.
  • the material of the sealing film or the sealing film layer can be widely selected, and non-limiting examples include polymer films such as polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, and the like. .
  • the "sticker layer” in the indicator functional layer or the adsorption functional layer can provide adhesion and sealing for the corresponding material layer.
  • the “sticker layer” in the two layers indicating the functional layer and the adsorption functional layer may be the same or different, but it is expected that the "adhesive layer” in the adsorption functional layer has good sealing performance and can be used when the indicator of the present invention is used.
  • the substrate material layer is tightly bonded to the heat sensitive article to form an enclosed space that avoids dye leakage.
  • the material of the self-adhesive or self-adhesive layer can be widely selected, non-limiting examples include oily or water-based stickers, commercial Dry adhesive tape and self-adhesive tape.
  • the compound of formula I can be prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • a compound of the formula I wherein R1 is a hydrogen compound (which may be referred to as dye H in the present invention) may be substituted by a halogenation reaction, a thiolation reaction or an acylation reaction, followed by hydrolysis or alcoholysis.
  • the group is converted to a halogen, d- 6 straight or branched fluorenyl group, a linear or branched alcohol, a group -COR2, -COOR2, etc., wherein R2 is as described herein.
  • the invention utilizes the volatile matter of the substance to make a time-temperature indicator, and through a volatilization-adsorption process, achieves the desired color change effect.
  • the structure of the time-temperature indicator and its operating principle in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention are schematically illustrated in Figures 1, 2A and 2B.
  • a time-temperature indicator according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of two parts, a part indicating the functional layer 1, and b part being the adsorption functional layer 2, the two parts being separately fabricated and separately stored. Shipped, used together, and pasted onto the container or packaging surface of the heat sensitive item to be monitored.
  • a layer of sealant 14 is printed on the underside of the substrate material layer 10, and a sealing film 13 is applied underneath to prevent the volatile dye layer 15 from diffusing downward.
  • a layer of self-adhesive 12 is printed on the underside of the sealing film 13 and protected by a release film layer 11. If the sealing effect of the sealant is good enough, the sealing film 13 may not be used. If the substrate material layer 10 itself has a sufficient sealing effect, the sealant layer 14 and the sealing film 13 may not be used. It will be appreciated that the self-adhesive layer 12 is optional.
  • the volatile dye layer 15 of the present invention Printing a layer of colored functional material having specific volatility at a functional portion above the substrate material layer 10 (i.e., volatile dye) as a volatile dye layer, forming the volatile dye layer 15 of the present invention, the color of the dye layer 15 (in the figure, dark blue) and the substrate material layer 10 or the peripheral printed reference color layer 16 (In the picture, light blue) shows a large contrast.
  • the rate of volatilization of the volatile dye used and its temperature effect are as consistent as possible with the indicated rate of deterioration or failure of the heat sensitive article and its temperature effect.
  • the release film layer 17 acts as a seal and has no adsorption to the volatile dyes used, and the sealing performance ensures that the functional layer can be stored and transported at room temperature.
  • the upper surface of the substrate material layer 20 can be printed with appropriate product information (for example, the type of heat sensitive article to which the TTI is applied) or indicator usage information (for example, when it is necessary to use an indicator to determine whether the heat sensitive article is ineffective) How to operate the information).
  • product information for example, the type of heat sensitive article to which the TTI is applied
  • indicator usage information for example, when it is necessary to use an indicator to determine whether the heat sensitive article is ineffective
  • an isolation layer 24 may be formed on the side of the adsorbent layer 21 (i.e., away from the substrate material layer 20).
  • the spacer layer may also be located between the dye layer 15 and the release film layer 17.
  • the use and use of the time-temperature indicator shown in Figure 1 is depicted.
  • the two laminated portions of the indicating functional layer 1 and the adsorption functional layer 2 respectively produced and stored are combined: the release film 11 indicating the bottom of the functional layer 1 is peeled off first, and the indicating functional layer 1 is pasted to The surface of the container or package 3 of the heat sensitive article to be monitored; the release film 17 of the functional layer 1 and the release film 23 of the adsorption functional layer 2 are peeled off, and the portion of the adsorption functional layer 2 is aligned with the indicator functional layer 1 to be pasted. Monitor the surface of the heat sensitive container or package 3 .
  • a preferred embodiment is that the shape and size of the layer of adsorbent material 21 is the same as or slightly larger than the shape and size of both the volatile dye layer 15 and the reference color layer 16, such that the adsorbent layer 21 and any of the layers are as shown.
  • the selected spacer layer 24 completely covers both the volatile dye layer 15 and the reference color layer 16, and the sticker layer 22 on the periphery of the adsorbent layer 21, together with the adhered substrate material layer 20, can be closely adhered to heat sensitive On the packaging container 3 of the article, the substrate material layer 20, the adhesive layer 22, and the packaging container 3 of the heat sensitive article are formed into a space in which the remaining functional layers can be sealed.
  • the choice of two functional layer substrate materials and self-adhesive materials ensures that the functional layer will be firmly bonded to the product container or packaging surface, while the adhesive functional layer has a suitable degree of adhesion when bonded, effectively sealing the functional layer printing
  • the volatile dyes, and can be stripped, the stripping process does not adversely affect the indicator functional layer.
  • the remaining dye (blue) in the volatile dye layer 15 and its surrounding reference color layer 16 can still show significant color difference (Fig. 2A) C ), that is, the color of the volatile dye layer 15 is darker than the reference color layer 16, reflecting that the indicated product is still valid and usable.
  • the heat-sensitive material of the volatile dye layer 15 is completely volatilized (d in FIG.
  • the remaining dye (light blue or colorless) in the volatile dye layer 15 is more than the surrounding
  • the color of the reference color layer 16 is closer or shallower (e in Figure 2A), i.e., the color of the volatile dye layer 15 is comparable or lighter than the reference color layer 16, indicating that the product being monitored may be overheated Deterioration or failure.
  • Fig. 2B is a view showing a process of changing the volatile dye layer 15 during use in a direction perpendicular to the time temperature indicator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention discloses a time-temperature indicator made by using the volatile energy of the material, and realizes a change of the color of the functional part of the indicator through a volatilization-adsorption process, and shows whether the product using the time-temperature indicator is excessively heated or over-extended. Deterioration or failure.
  • the shape of the volatile dye layer 15 is square, as shown in FIG. 2B, a starting point state, a dark blue square, and the color of the volatile dye layer is in sharp contrast with the reference color layer, and the reference color layer See Fig. 2B (a), which is a light blue circle, corresponding to the reference color layer 16 of Fig. 1, which may be a substrate or a printed reference color layer.
  • the color depth of the reference color layer 16 is constant, and the color of the volatile dye layer 15 is lightened by the volatilization of the dye, and the shallower speed is affected by the temperature.
  • the effect is that the volatile dye layer 15 volatilizes at a constant rate even at the storage and temperature specified by the heat sensitive article.
  • the volatile dye layer 15 will gradually become lighter due to the slow evaporation of the dye, and the color will be Deeper or deeper than the reference color layer 16, indicating that the drug is still acceptable after 2 years storage at 2-8 ° C; after the storage time continues to prolong, the volatile dye layer 15 will continue to lighten due to the continued volatilization of the dye. Thereafter the color will be substantially closer or lighter than the reference color layer 16, indicating that the drug has expired.
  • the volatile dye remaining after peeling off the adsorption film can still show a significant color difference with the surrounding reference color layer, as shown in (b) of FIG. 2B, that is, the intermediate point. State, the blue square is darker than the reference light circle, reflecting that the indicated product is still available.
  • the color of the original volatile dye layer 15 is close to the color of the peripheral reference color layer 16 ((c) in Fig. 2B, the end state) or shallower. ((d) in Figure 2B, crossing the end state), indicating that the product being monitored may have deteriorated or failed due to excessive heat.
  • the color difference meter is used to measure the functional part of the indicator at different temperatures (for example, 5 ° C, 10 ° C, 25 ° C, and/or 37 ° C, etc.) The change in color difference over time gives the indicator's color change speed and its temperature effect.
  • Color changes can be digitized using a colorimeter.
  • a colorimeter When using a colorimeter to measure color changes, first define a color space such as L*a*b* color space (also known as CIELAB color space).
  • L* represents brightness
  • a* and b* are chromaticity coordinates, indicating color direction
  • +a* means red direction
  • -a* means green direction
  • +b* means yellow direction
  • -b* means In the blue direction
  • the center is colorless.
  • the values of a* and b* increase and move out of the center, the color saturation increases.
  • the color difference can be represented by a single value: Among them, AL* is the change of brightness, Aa* is the change along the red-green color axis, and Ah* is the change along the yellow-blue color axis.
  • a color difference meter such as the Minolta CR-310 Chroma Meter
  • the color difference can be quantified, and the color change function of the produced time-temperature indicator can be evaluated.
  • the color difference measurement is based on a white substrate such as A4 paper.
  • the color difference AE* ab ⁇ 10 the color is more or less close to the color of the substrate, and the further decrease of the color difference is not significant to the human eye, so during the evaluation process.
  • the endpoint color difference can be defined according to the actual situation.
  • dye A as a time-temperature indicator for volatile dyes, 2% dye A (solvent is ethyl acetate, about 200 ug per square centimeter of dye A) is used as a functional indicator layer on plain A4 paper.
  • a commercially available self-adhesive paper capable of effectively adsorbing dye A is placed on top of the dye A, and the self-adhesive is applied to the dye layer as a layer of adsorbent material, and the dye-impermeable sealing film is used to indicate the functional layer and the adsorption functional layer. Seal and place the sealed sample at 25 n C. After placing a specific time, observe the color of the record indicator.
  • Figure 3 is a color record of the indicator after being placed for 0-105 days at 25 n C constant temperature. After the dye A is completely volatilized, almost no trace of dye remains in the naked eye, indicating that the functional part almost returns to the original color of the white paper.
  • Example 2
  • 4A and 4B are time temperatures of the method of Reference Example 1, using dye A as a volatile dye
  • the discoloration time and velocity of the indicator can be obtained, and then the Arrhenius equation can be used to derive the activation energy corresponding to the change process is about 97.4 kJ/mol (Fig. 5).
  • the characterization parameters of the temperature effect of the indicator color change process are obtained.
  • This activation energy can well cover the inactivation activation energy range of 73.6-109 kJ/mol of the polio vaccine reported in the literature, and can also cover the activation activation energy range of some other vaccines.
  • FIG. 6 is a label designed for a hepatitis B vaccine using dye A.
  • the color change response of the TTI of the present invention is almost identical to the change in activity of the vaccine.
  • Example 3
  • the total time of discoloration of the indicator can be adjusted, which can be regulated by adjusting the amount of ink or the concentration of ink during the printing process.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph showing the initial color difference of an indicator obtained by using the dye A as a volatile dye, the method of the embodiment 1, using different ink concentrations and the same amount of ink, and the color changing process at the same temperature. The time the indicator reaches the end point is linear with the amount of volatile dye printed per unit area ( Figure 8).
  • Example 4
  • Figure 9 is a method of Reference Example 1, using three compounds of the formula I (dyes A, B, C, respectively) as volatile dyes for time-temperature indicators, and the color difference of the indicator produced at 50 n C over time The changes are very different.
  • Figure 10 is a method of Reference Example 1, which uses a cyclohexanide, a chloroform, a methyl acetate, an ethanol, and an ethyl acetate as a solvent to print a dye as a volatile dye layer, respectively, and the color difference of the indicator at the same temperature is Time changes.
  • FIG 11 is a view showing the relationship between the change in color difference at 80 n C and the time at 80 n C by adding an appropriate amount of binder EC (i.e., ethyl cellulose) to the organic solution of dye A in the method of Reference Example 1.
  • binder EC i.e., ethyl cellulose
  • the time-temperature indicator's color change speed and its temperature effect can be adjusted by selecting different adsorbent materials.
  • Figure 12 is a method of Reference Example 1, in which dye B is used as a volatile dye, and three different adsorbent materials are selected (materials 1, 2, and 3 are commercially available self-adhesive papers, commercially available water-based self-adhesive coatings). Covering A4 paper, commercially available oil-based self-adhesive coated A4 paper) The time-temperature indicator is produced. Under the same temperature environment, the indicator function layer color difference of the indicator changes significantly with time.
  • the inventors have surprisingly discovered that by using the volatile matter of a substance to achieve a color change by a volatilization-adsorption process, it is possible to very simply and effectively indicate whether the product to be monitored may deteriorate or fail due to excessive heat. .
  • formulating volatile dyes or other volatile materials with appropriate volatilization rates and activation energies if necessary, formulating materials containing auxiliaries can produce a personalized time-temperature indicator that fully reflects the thermal stability of the indicated product.
  • the product By forming a layer of adsorption function layer on the indicator above which can effectively adsorb the heat sensitive material, and effectively sealing the indicator function layer and the adsorption function layer of the indicator, the product can be prevented from contaminating the product and its packaging after volatilization, and the indicator is protected.
  • the functional parts are not subject to external pollution.
  • the adsorption process is used to artificially set the diffusion process of the heat-sensitive material after volatilization, that is, to become the adsorption process of the adsorption layer, thereby effectively reducing the apparent volatilization speed of the heat-sensitive material by the non-temperature factor in the product storage and transportation environment, thereby improving Product use The accuracy.
  • the indicator is designed to be separately fabricated and sealed for storage, and the indicator can be stored and transported at room temperature when the indicator is affixed to the product container or the surface of the package.
  • time-temperature indicator prepared according to the technical solution or concept of the present invention which is formed by using equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement, or using different processes or formulations, falls within the scope of the present invention.

Abstract

一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间——温度指示器和检测方法,该时间——温度指示器包括两个物理上分离的叠层,即指示功能层(1)和吸附功能层(2)。两个叠层分别储运,在使用时组合在一起。因此该时间——温度指示器可以在常温下储运,降低了时间——温度指示器的使用成本。

Description

监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器和监测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器和监测热敏感物品品质 状态的方法。 具体地说, 本发明涉及利用挥发性染料制作时间-温度指示器, 通过挥 发性染料挥发后产生的颜色变化, 显示热敏感物品是否因受温度的影响或在某一温 度下经受过长时间而变质或失效。 背景技术
一些对温度非常敏感的物品或产品需要在低温下储存或运输, 如大部分疫苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品和一部分药品等, 以及如鲜奶、 奶制品、 鲜肉、 鲜鱼等新 鲜食品等。 长期以来, 标注有效期、 保质期或保鲜期是保证这些物品 /产品特别是药 品或食品安全使用的主要方法, 但这些方法往往无法反映那些需要在低温条件下储 存和运输的药品或食品是否在超过安全储运温度下暴露过长的时间。 采用简单廉价 的方法准确指示各种热敏感物品例如需要低温储存的新鲜食品、 疫苗 (多在 2T〜 8°C 之间)、 生物活性样品等是否在储存或运输过程中因为超过安全储运温度而变质、 失 效或失活, 可以更好地保证其使用安全和使用。
二十世纪九十年代, 世界卫生组织 (WHO)开始关注疫苗在冷链储运过程中受热 过度问题, 因为这会导致疫苗的免疫效果下降, 从而降低疫苗对儿童的保护作用。 随后, WHO 呼吁开发一种使用方便、 成本低廉的标签, 以准确反映疫苗从制造出 厂后经运输和储存到达终端用户过程中的热历史。 对该标签的基本要求如下: 1、 能 准确指示从而限制使用受热过度的疫苗; 2、 体积小, 能粘贴到疫苗瓶、 安瓿瓶、 注 射器上; 3、 从生产到实际使用的整个过程中稳定可靠; 4、 适合规模生产、 成本低 廉、 能满足联合国儿童基金会 (UNICEF)全球疫苗需求。
1996年, 美国一家名为 TempTime 的公司 (前身为 Lifelines)首先开发出能满足 WHO要求的标签, 并应用于 GlaxoSmithKline、 Sanofi-Pasteur和 Novartis三家疫 苗制造商生产的小儿麻痹症疫苗。 Temptime公司供应的标签按照使用功能主要有三 类。 第一类是临界温度指示器 (Critical Temperature Indicator, CTI), 这类标签在温 度一旦超过设定值就立即变色。 第二类是所谓临界时间 -温度指示器 (Critical Temperature-Time Indicator, CTTI), 这种标签的变色速度有所延迟, 暴露在设定的 温度以上数分钟或数十分钟后变色。 第三类标签的响应时间需要更长一些, 称为时 间 -温度指示器 (Time-Temperature Indicator, TTI), 是感温材料接受特定量的热量后 才变色, 这类标签才是适合指示疫苗的热历史的标签。
目前, 国际上有关这种时间-温度指示器的专利已经有上百个。 这些专利技术按 照产品的工作原理, 可以分为机械型、 化学型、 酶反应型、 微生物型, 聚合物型、 电子化学型和扩散型等。 这些技术主要是基于材料的机械性质、 电性质、 扩散性 质、 生物酶反应、 聚合反应等, 比较成熟并已商品化的 ΤΤΙ标签主要有三类: 聚合 物型、 酶反应型和扩散型。
聚合物型是由美国 TempTime 公司开发的, 主要是基于取代丁二炔衍生物通过 固态 1,4-加成聚合反应, 生成有颜色的聚合物。 该聚合反应的速率随温度的升高而 加快, 生成的聚合物使颜色不断加深, 通过与周边颜色对比, 可以指示疫苗是否受 热过度。 这种标签需要筛选合成合适的聚合单体, 且标签制成后需要在 -18nC甚至更 低的温度下保存, 这明显增加了标签的使用成本。
早期的酶反应型指示器实质上是一类 pH值指示器, 它通过测量酶催化的脂类 底物水解释放质子 H+, 导致介质的 pH值改变, 从而引起颜色的变化, 指示温度或 受热历史。 酶促水解反应随温度升高而加快, 质子的释放速率也因此加快。 具有代 表性的是瑞典一家公司研制的 Vitsab环形指示器。
更早期的扩散型时间 -温度指示器的代表性产品是美国 3M 公司生产的 3M Monitor Mark牌指示器, 它是基于染料在细绳上的扩散, 温度指示范围和响应期取 决于染料的类型。 另一种形式的扩散型指示器是将特定熔点的材料涂布到多孔基质 上, 二者的光折射率接近。 当涂布的材料在特定的温度以上熔化并扩散到多孔基质 中, 排出基质孔中的空气后, 基质的透光率增加, 因而也可实现颜色的变化, 显示 受热过程。
目前, WHO将近二十种疫苗按照其热稳定性能分为 4类: 最不稳定疫苗、 不 稳定疫苗、 稳定疫苗和高稳定性疫苗, 并据此提出对相应的时间 -温度指示器的产品 技术要求。 据此制定的技术标准考虑了现有指示器产品的性能, 并非完全以疫苗本 身的热稳定性能为依据。 事实上, 在需要冷链储运并全程监测的近二十种疫苗中, 每种疫苗的热稳定性是不相同的, 理想的时间-温度指示器应该是充分反映所指示产 品热稳定性能的个性化时间-温度指示器, 即颜色变化的速度及其温度效应与所指示 的产品失效过程尽量一致。
为此, 本领域仍然需要可用于监测热敏感物品热历史的时间-温度指示器和方 法, 用于热敏感物品的储运监测, 准确指示热敏感物品是否已经失效或变质。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示 器, 其用于监测热敏感物品的储运过程的热历史, 并指示热敏感物品是否已经失效 或变质。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种制备用于监测热敏感物品品质状态的温度 -时间 指示器的方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供一种用于监测热敏感物品品质状态的方法。
本发明人发现, 将具有某种颜色的挥发性物质 (在本文中称为挥发性染料)附着于 热敏感物品上, 在该挥发性染料外附着一层可吸附所述染料的吸附材料, 再使用密 封层将所述挥发性染料层和吸附材料层两者密封在该热敏感物品上, 形成一种叠层 结构; 在该热敏感物品的储运过程中, 挥发性染料吸收热量挥发并被吸附材料层吸 附, 挥发性染料层因吸热挥发而颜色变浅, 染料的挥发量与其热历史密切相关。 一 方面, 在一定温度下, 随着时间的延长, 染料的挥发量增大。 另一方面, 随着温度 的升高, 挥发速度加快。 热敏感物品的品质变化过程具有类似的特性, 即在一定温 度下, 随着时间延长, 热敏感物品的品质发生劣化, 达到一定时间后, 热敏感物品 发生失效或变质; 而随着温度的升高, 热敏感物质的品质劣化速度加快, 发生失效 或变质的时间缩短。 针对具体的热敏感物品, 可以选择合适的染料种类和用量和 /或 结合其它方法调控染料挥发的速度, 使染料层对热历史的变色响应与热敏感物品的 品质变化对热历史的响应相近或相同。 因此可以简单地通过染料层颜色变化而容易 地确定热敏感物品是否处于有效期或货架期内, 即确定热敏感物品是否失效或变 质。 本发明基于上述发现而得以完成。
因此, 本发明第一方面提供了一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示 器, 其包括在使用之前物理上呈相互独立的指示功能层和吸附功能层两个叠层部 分, 其中: 所述指示功能层包括:
第一衬底材料层;
挥发性染料层, 其涂覆于所述衬底材料层的一侧, 所述挥发性染料层的 挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值在 预定范围内; 和
第一离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述挥发性染料层上, 其中所述衬底材料层和 第一离型膜层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层并且将所述挥发性染料层密 封在所述衬底材料层和第一离型膜层之间;
所述吸附功能层包括:
第二衬底材料层;
吸附材料层, 其涂渍于所述衬底材料层的一侧, 其中所述吸附材料层的 尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸;
不干胶层, 其涂覆于所述衬底材料层上并环绕在所述吸附材料层的外 围; 和
第二离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述不干胶层和所述吸附材料层上。 根据本发明的第一方面, 在使用时, 将第一离型膜层和第二离型膜层分离, 将 吸附材料层对准所述挥发性染料层, 将挥发性染料层和吸附材料层封闭在第一衬底 层和第二衬底层之间, 形成使用状态的时间-温度指示器, 并将其紧密贴覆在所述热 敏感物品上。
本发明第二方面提供了一种使用根据本发明第一方面的时间 -温度指示器的热敏 感物品。
本发明第三方面提供了一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间 -温度指示器的制备 方法, 其包括以下步骤:
提供第一衬底材料;
在第一衬底材料的一侧上涂覆挥发性染料, 形成挥发性染料层, 所述挥发性染 料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品品质变化过程的活化能的差值在预定范 围内;
在所述挥发性染料层上覆盖第一离型膜层, 从而形成指示功能层;
以及
提供第二衬底材料; 在第二衬底材料的一侧上涂覆吸附材料, 形成吸附材料层;
其中所述吸附材料层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸;
在第二衬底材料层上的吸附材料层的外围涂覆不干胶层; 和
在所述不干胶层、 吸附材料层上覆盖第二离型膜层, 将所述吸附材料层封闭在 所述衬底材料和第二离型膜层之间, 从而形成吸附功能层。
本发明第四方面提供了一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的方法, 包括以下步骤: 提供热敏感物品, 所述热敏感物品在温度 T1下保持有效品质状态所能持续的时 间为 ti;
在所述热敏感物品上的一个或多个区域上附着:
挥发性染料层, 所述挥发性染料层在温度 T1 下经过时间 tl 后的终点色差为
C1 ;
吸附材料层, 所述吸附材料不可逆吸收所述挥发性染料层挥发出来的染料; 密封膜层, 所述密封膜尺寸大于所述吸附材料层和所述挥发性染料层的尺寸, 将所述吸附材料层和挥发性染料层密封附着于所述热敏感物品上;
将附着密封膜后的热敏感物品经过实际处置;
观察或测定经过实际处置后所述挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2;
比较挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2和所述终点色差 Cl, 如果所述挥发性染料层 的实际色差 C2 大于所述终点色差 Cl, 则表明所述热敏感物品保持在有效品质状 态; 如果所述挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2小于所述终点色差 Cl, 则表明所述热敏 感物品失效。
根据本发明第四方面的方法, 其中不限定附着所述挥发性染料层和所述吸附材 料层的先后顺序, 即可以先附着挥发性染料层, 然后附着吸附材料层; 也可以先附 着吸附材料层, 再附着挥发性材料层。 附图说明
图 1是根据本发明的一个实施例制作的时间-温度指示器的结构示意图。
图 2A是根据本发明的一个实施例制作的时间 -温度指示器使用和变色过程示意 图。 图 2B是根据本发明的一个实施例制作的时间 -温度指示器的使用和变色过程示 意图。
图 3是本发明实施例 1采用染料 A作为挥发性染料制作的一种时间 -温度指示器 使用和变色过程效果图。
图 4A和图 4B是本发明实施例 2采用染料 A作为挥发性染料制作的时间 -温度 指示器在不同温度下的变色速度。
图 5是本发明实施例 2采用染料 A作为挥发性染料制作的时间-温度指示器, 以 色差 AE*ab =10作为变色的终点求得的变色过程的活化能。
图 6是本发明实施例 2采用染料 A作为挥发性染料, 针对一种乙肝疫苗 (Hep-B) 设计制作的时间-温度指示器, 其变色响应与疫苗的活性变化几乎完全一致。
图 7是本发明实施例 3采用染料 A作为挥发性染料, 使用不同的墨水 (即染料) 浓度和相同上墨量制作的指示器的起始色度值, 及在相同温度下变色过程。
图 8是本发明实施例 3采用染料 A作为挥发性染料, 使用不同的墨水浓度和相 同上墨量制作的指示器, 指示器到达终点的时间与单位面积印刷的挥发性染料的量 呈线性关系。
图 9是本发明实施例 4采用三种式 I化合物 (分别为染料 A、 B、 C)作为时间-温 度指示器的热敏材料, 制作的指示器在 50nC下的色差随时间的变化。
图 10是本发明实施例 5分别使用环己垸、 二氯甲垸、 乙酸甲酯、 乙醇、 乙酸乙 酯作为溶剂印刷染料 A作为挥发性染料, 在相同温度下指示器的色差随时间的变 化。
图 11是本发明实施例 6在染料 A的有机溶液中添加适量的粘结剂 EC (乙基纤维 素), 制作的指示器在 80nC下色差变化与时间的关系。
图 12是本发明实施例 7以染料 B为挥发性染料, 选用三种不同的吸附材料制作 时间-温度指示器, 在相同温度环境下指示器的指示功能层色差随时间的变化。
本发明使用的一些术语及其附图标记汇总如下:
指示功能层 1, 第二离型膜层 23, 挥发性染料层 15, 吸附材料层 21, 吸附功能层 2, 不干胶层 12, 参考颜色层 16, 不干胶层 22, 热敏感物品 3, 密封膜层 13, 第一离型膜层 17, 离型膜层 23, 衬底材料层 10, 密封胶层 14, 衬底材料层 20, 隔离层 24。 具体实施方式
本发明第一方面提供了一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器。
在一个实施方案中, 本发明的时间-温度指示器包括在使用前物理上呈相互独立 的指示功能层和吸附功能层两个叠层部分, 其中:
所述指示功能层包括:
第一衬底材料层;
挥发性染料层, 其涂覆于所述衬底材料层的一侧上的一个或多个区域 中; 和
第一离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述挥发性染料层上, 其中所述衬底材料层和 第一离型膜层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸, 并且将所述挥发性 染料层密封在所述第一衬底材料层和第一离型膜层之间;
其中, 所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质 变化过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内;
所述吸附功能层包括:
第二衬底材料层;
吸附材料层, 其涂覆于所述衬底材料层的一侧上, 其中所述吸附材料层 的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸;
不干胶层, 其涂覆于所述衬底材料层上并环绕在所述吸附材料层的外 围; 和
第二离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述不干胶层和吸附材料层上。 在使用时, 将第一离型膜层和第二离型膜层分离, 将吸附材料层对准所述挥发 性染料层, 将挥发性染料层和吸附材料层封闭在第一衬底层和第二衬底层之间, 形 成使用状态的时间 -温度指示器。
将该时间-温度指示器的第一衬底层紧密贴覆在所述热敏感物品上。 在使用热敏 感物品前, 将吸附材料层与挥发性材料层分离, 然后观察或测量挥发性染料层的颜 色。
优选地, 预先使本发明的时间-温度指示器在经过与热敏感物品失效或变质过程 相同的处理后, 用色差计测量挥发性染料层的色差, 并将该色差值定义为终点色 差。 在使用具有本发明的时间 -温度指示器的热敏感物品之前, 测量挥发性染料层的 实际色差。 如果其挥发性染料层的实际色差大于所述终点色差, 则说明该热敏感物 品尚未失效或变质, 处于可以使用的状态。 如果其挥发性染料层的实际色差小于或 等于所述终点色差, 则说明该热敏感物品已经失效或变质。 其中, 所述色差计可以 是市售的任何色差计。
优选地, 在测量终点色差之后, 用非挥发性染料或颜料制备具有该终点色差的 参考颜色标签。 在使用具有本发明的时间 -温度指示器的热敏感物品之前, 目测观察 挥发性染料层的颜色, 并与参考颜色标签进行比较。 如果挥发性染料层的颜色比所 述参考颜色标签的颜色更深, 则说明该热敏感物品尚未失效或变质, 处于可以使用 的状态。 如果挥发性染料层的颜色比参考颜色标签的颜色更浅或相同, 则说明该热 敏感物品已经失效或变质, 不可使用。
例如, 一种热敏感物品在 T1温度下经过时间 tl会变质或失效, 则可以使本发 明的时间-温度指示器在 T1温度下经过时间 tl的处置, 记录处置后所述挥发性染料 层的色差, 作为终点色差。 如果所述时间 tl过长, 也可以采用本领域技术人员公知 的加速实验法测量终点色差。
所述参考颜色标签可以是与指示功能层和吸附功能层独立的或者结合在所述指 示功能层中。 优选地, 所述参考颜色标签与挥发性染料层相邻布置。 此时, 可以采 用任何可行的布置方式, 例如与所述挥发性染料层并排布置, 或环绕所述挥发性染 料层布置等。 更优选地, 在涂覆所述挥发性染料层之后, 在其附近或周围涂覆参考 颜色层, 以该参考颜色层作为参考颜色标签。 更优选地, 在涂覆所述挥发性染料层 和在其附近或周围涂覆参考颜色层之后, 将所述挥发性染料层和所述参考颜色层密 封在所述第一衬底层和第一离型膜层之间。 在使用热敏感物品之前, 目测比较挥发 性染料层的颜色和参考颜色标签 (即参考颜色层) 的颜色, 并据此判断热敏感物品 是否失效或变质。
更优选地, 所述第一衬底材料层本身被制备成参考颜色标签。
所述热敏感物品选自疫苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。 优 选地, 所述的热敏感物品是需要在 -40°C至 50°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要 在 -30°C至 40°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -30°C至 30°C贮藏和 /或运输 的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 20°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 -10°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如 需要在 0°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的 物品。 例如 2005年版或 2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》一部、 二部或三部所载 的任何需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品。 所述的热敏感物品包括但不限于: 疫苗, 例如对热不稳定的疫苗, 例如小几麻痹症疫苗、 伤寒疫苗、 乙肝疫苗等、 生 物制品, 例如人免疫球蛋白、 抗人 τ细胞猪免疫球蛋白等、 生物活性样品, 例如血 浆、 全血、 血清等、 药品, 例如垂体后叶注射液、 注射用亚锡依替菲宁等、 食品, 例如鲜肉、 鲜鱼等、 饮品, 例如鲜奶、 奶制品、 酸奶、 巴氏消毒奶等。
在本发明中, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变 化或失效过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内, 优选所述差值在 ±10 kJ/mol 范围内, 更优选在 ±5 kJ/mol 范围内。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能为 60 - 140 kJ/mol。 本发明中所述 "挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能"是指本发明的时间- 温度指示器在使用状态下的挥发性染料层挥发过程的表观活化能。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 80°C范围内呈固态或液体, 更优选在 0 - 50°C 范围内呈固态。
在本发明中, 对所述挥发性染料不做具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的 的任何挥发性染料。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自偶氮类染料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I 化合 少一种或其组合, 其中式 I化合物具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000011_0001
R1 选自氢、 卤素、 C 直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链 垸氧基, 例如甲氧基、 乙氧基、 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 丁氧基、 仲丁氧基、 叔丁氧 基、 戊氧基、 异戊氧基、 新戊氧基、 己氧基等; -COR2、 -COOR2 ;
R2 选自氢、 d_6直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁 基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链垸基 胺基, 例如甲胺基、 乙胺基、 丙胺基、 异丙胺基、 丁胺基、 仲丁胺基、 叔丁胺基、 戊胺基、 异戊胺基、 新戊胺基、 己胺基等。
更优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自上述式 I的化合物。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种挥发助剂。 本发明对挥发助剂 不做具体限定, 可以实用能够实现本发明目的的任何挥发助剂, 只要其能够调节本 发明所述的挥发性染料的挥发速度即可使用。 本文所述的挥发助剂可以是对挥发性 染料的挥发有加速作用或有减缓作用的。 优选地, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易挥发化 合物的一种或多种:
直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 例如己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等;
直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 例如丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 例如马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等;
氨基酸, 例如氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 例如二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等;
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种溶剂。 本发明对所述溶剂不做 具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何溶剂。 优选地, 所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二 乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或 多种。
在本发明中, 对所述吸附材料的种类不做具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明 的目的的任何吸附材料。 优选地, 本发明所述吸附材料能够不可逆地吸附从所述挥 发性染料层中挥发出来的染料, 更优选地, 所述的吸附材料吸附所述挥发性染料层 中挥发出来的挥发性染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。 当吸附材料吸附从 挥发性染料层中挥发出来的挥发性染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度时, 挥 发性染料被吸附的速度基本上只与染料的挥发速度有关。 因此, 染料的挥发速度只 受温度的影响, 而不受例如因自身挥发后所产生的饱和 /近饱和蒸气所阻碍等因素的 影响。 染料的挥发量只受温度和时间的影响, 因此其由于挥发而产生颜色变化可以 更精确地反映时间-温度指示器的热历史, 从而更精确地监控热敏感物品的热历史。 当然, 如果需要吸附材料层对挥发性染料层的挥发起到限制作用以降低其挥发速度 时, 也可以采用具有较低吸附速度的吸附材料。 在一个实施方案中, 所述的吸附材 料包括但不限于油性或水性不干胶、 商业不干胶纸及不干胶胶带等。
在本发明中, 对第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层的材料不做具体限定, 可以 使用能实现本发明的目的的任何衬底材料。 第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层可以 使用相同或不同的材料。 优选地, 第一衬底材料层与第一离型膜层一起将挥发性染 料层密封; 第二衬底材料层与第二离型膜层一起将吸附材料层密封。 优选地, 所述 第一衬底材料层具有叠层结构, 在衬底材料上与所述挥发性染料层相反的一面上还 依次包括密封胶层、 不干胶层和第三离型膜层。 在使用时, 首先剥离第三离型膜 层, 将第一衬底材料层上的不干胶层贴覆在热敏感物品上。 然后剥离第一离型膜层 和第二离型膜层, 将吸附材料层对准挥发性染料层, 并将所述吸附材料层和挥发性 染料层一起密封在热敏感物品上。
优选地, 所述时间 -温度指示器还包含一个隔离层, 在处于使用状态时, 该隔离 层位于所述挥发性染料层和所述吸附材料层之间。 在使用之前, 该隔离层位于挥发 性染料层与第一离型膜层之间或者位于吸附材料层与第二离型膜之间。 该隔离层可 以用于调节挥发性染料层的挥发性染料挥发速度。 该隔离层可以有助于分离挥发性 染料层和吸附材料层。 本发明对隔离层的材料不做具体限定, 只要是能实现本发明 目的的材料均可使用。 非限制性的实例包括无紡布、 尼龙 P6网、 尼龙 P66网等。 在 观察或测量挥发性染料层的颜色或色差时, 将该隔离层与吸附材料层一起与挥发性 染料层分离。
对本发明所述的离型膜层不作任何限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何 离型膜层。 可以理解的是, 本领域技术人员根据本发明的描述可以容易地选择本发 明的离型膜层。 在本发明中, 所述第一、 第二、 第三离型膜层没有吸附挥发性染料 的作用。 离型膜所用的材料是可以广泛选择的, 非限制性的实例包括: 纸、 蜡纸、 聚合物薄膜, 如聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚苯乙烯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 等。
不限于任何理论, 本发明的发明人认为, 热敏感物品变质或失效过程的变化速 log k =— ― + log A
率服从 Arrhenius方程, 即 ELT , 式中, k是热敏感物品变 质或失效过程的变化速率, T是绝对温度 (K) , E是热敏感物品变质或失效过程的 活化能, R是理想气体常数, A是常数。
类似地, 不限于任何理论, 本发明的发明人认为, 根据本发明的挥发性染料层 log k =— ― H- log A
的挥发速率服从 Arrhenius方程, 即 2 '303 。 通过选择挥发性 染料的种类及其用量或者加入挥发助剂, 可以将根据本发明的挥发性染料层的挥发 速率调节到接近热敏感物品变质或失效过程的变化速率。 从而利用挥发性染料的颜 色褪变速率准确指示热敏感物品变质或失效过程的热历史。 挥发性染料的颜色褪变 速率与其挥发速率具有正相关性, 因此, 该颜色褪变速率与热敏感物品变质或失效 过程的变化速率具有正相关性。
在另一个实施方案中, 所述第一衬底层具有一个或多个透明的区域。 在使用所 述时间-温度指示器时, 将第一离型膜层和第二离型膜层分离, 将吸附材料层对准所 述挥发性染料层, 将挥发性染料层和吸附材料层封闭在第一衬底层和第二衬底层之 间, 形成使用状态的时间-温度指示器。 将第二衬底层贴覆在热敏感物品上。 在使用 所述热敏感物品之前, 直接通过所述透明区域观察或测量所述挥发性染料层的颜色 深度或色差。 优选地, 所述第一衬底层本身是透明的, 在使用所述时间 -温度指示器 时, 将第二衬底层贴覆在热敏感物品上。 在使用热敏感物品之前, 通过透明的第一 衬底层观察或测量所述挥发性染料层的颜色变化。 实际上, 由于可以直接观察挥发 性染料层的颜色, 可以随时对热敏感物品进行挑选, 去除已经失效或变质的热敏感 物品, 减少不必要的储运。 因为热敏感物品大多数在低温下储运的, 减少不必要的 储运可以明显降低储运成本。 另一方面, 使用者可以选择先使用指示器颜色较浅但 尚未变质或失效的热敏感物品, 从而减少热敏感物质失效或变质的可能性。
在本发明中, 对第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层的材料不做具体限定, 可以 使用能实现本发明目的的任何衬底材料。 第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层可以使 用相同或不同的材料。 优选地, 第一衬底材料层与第一离型膜层一起将挥发性染料 层密封; 第二衬底材料层与第二离型膜层一起将吸附材料层密封。 优选地, 所述第 二衬底材料层具有叠层结构, 在衬底材料上与所述挥发性染料层相反的一面上还依 次包括密封胶层、 不干胶层和第四离型膜层。 在使用时, 首先剥离第四离型膜层, 将第二衬底材料层上的不干胶层贴覆在热敏感物品上。 然后剥离第一离型膜层和第 二离型膜层, 将吸附材料层对准挥发性染料层, 并将所述吸附材料层和挥发性染料 层一起密封在热敏感物品上。
在本实施方案中的其它特征及其相关描述和变化与前一实施方案相同或类似, 在此不再赘述。 例如, 本实施方案中所涉及的挥发性染料层、 吸附材料层、 隔离 层、 第一离型膜层、 第二离型膜层、 参考颜色标签的相关描述与前一实施方案相同 或类似; 在本实施方案中, 采用与前一实施方案相同或类似的方式观察或测量挥发 性染料层的色差或颜色深度; 在本实施方案中, 判断热敏感物品是否失效或变质的 方式与前一实施方案相同或类似。 所有相同或类似的部分在此不再赘述。
采用本发明第一方面提供的时间-温度指示器, 可以降低成本, 提高监控热敏感 物品热历史的精度。 通过选择合适的挥发性染料、 挥发助剂、 溶剂及其用量, 可以 针对各种热敏感物品开发个性化的时间-温度指示器。 具体而言, 针对特定的热敏感 物品, 可以通过实验确定其失效或变质过程的活化能, 并确定 Arrhenius 方程中的 各个常数。 然后选择合适的挥发性染料、 挥发助剂、 溶剂及其用量, 将挥发性染料 层的 Arrhenius 方程中的各个常数调节到与该特定热敏感物品相近或相同, 则可以 获得精确监控该特定热敏感物品的热历史的时间-温度指示器, 这是现有技术中无法 做到的。
本发明第一方面提供的时间-温度指示器用挥发性染料层颜色变化直接判断热敏 感物品是否失效或变质, 简便易行。 现有技术的大多数时间-温度指示器只能在低温 下储存。 本发明的时间 -温度指示器巧妙地采用指示功能层和吸附功能层分别保存、 在使用时组合的结构, 因此, 可以在常温下保存本发明的温度-时间显示器, 降低了 指示器的使用成本。
本发明第一方面所提供的时间 -温度指示器采用新的指示器变色原理来实现。 与 聚合物型、 酶反应型和扩散型指示器不同, 本发明利用物质的挥发性质, 通过一个 挥发一吸附的染料转移过程实现颜色变化。 采用新的原理后, 可以选用价格低廉的 材料, 同时大大拓宽材料的选择范围, 降低指示器制作的综合成本。
出乎意料的是, 当第一衬底材料层具有一个或多个透明区域或者第一材料层本 身透明时, 可以通过第一衬底材料层直接观察挥发性染料层的颜色, 这使得使用者 可以根据挥发性染料层的颜色对热敏感物品进行选择使用, 并且在储运过程中对已 经变质或失效的热敏感物品进行筛选, 明显提高了热敏感物品的使用效率并降低储 运成本。
在使用时, 根据本发明第一方面的时间 -温度指示器附着在热敏感物品的包装容 器上, 当然也可以任何方便的其他方式附着在热敏感物品上。 这里所述的附着可以 是任何可行的方式, 例如粘贴。 例如, 本发明的时间-温度指示器可以贴覆在例如疫 苗、 药品等的一级包装 (或最小包装, 例如一个安瓿瓶的疫苗)的外表面上, 例如玻璃 瓶装的疫苗或药品的玻璃瓶外表面, 或者是软袋包装的血浆、 牛奶的软袋外表面。
本发明第二方面提供了一种热敏感物品, 其使用根据本发明第一方面的温度指 示器。 所述热敏感物品如本发明第一方面所述。
本发明第三方面提供了一种监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间 -温度指示器的制备 方法。
在一个实施方案中, 本发明第三方面的方法其包括以下步骤:
提供第一衬底材料层;
在第一衬底材料层的一侧上的一个或多个区域上涂覆挥发性染料, 形成挥发性 染料层, 所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品品质变化或失效 过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内;
在所述挥发性染料层上覆盖第一离型膜, 第一离型膜层和第一衬底材料层一起 将挥发性染料层密封在其间, 从而形成指示功能层;
提供第二衬底材料层;
在第二衬底材料层的一侧上涂覆吸附材料, 形成吸附材料层; 其中所述吸附材 料层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸;
在第二衬底材料层上的吸附材料层的外围涂覆不干胶层; 和
在所述不干胶层、 吸附材料层上覆盖第二离型膜层, 将所述吸附材料层密封在 所述第二衬底材料和第二离型膜层之间, 从而形成吸附功能层;
在使用时, 剥离第一离型膜和第二离型膜, 将吸附功能层与挥发性染料层对 准, 将第一衬底材料层紧密贴覆在热敏感物品上, 并且将挥发性染料层和吸附材料 层一起密封在第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层之间, 形成使用状态的时间-温度指 不器。
通过上述制备方法, 获得了分离的指示功能层和吸附功能层。 因此, 本发明的 时间-温度指示器的指示功能层和吸附功能层可以在常温下分别储存, 这在现有技术 的时间-温度指示器中是难以实现的。 在使用时组合成本发明的时间-温度指示器, 并 贴覆在热敏感物品上, 与热敏感物品一起经过储运过程, 可以准确地监控热敏感物 品的热历史, 准确判断热敏感物品的品质状态。
优选地, 预先使本发明的时间-温度指示器经过与热敏感物品失效或变质过程相 同的过程, 用色差计测量热敏感物品失效或变质时的色差, 记录为终点色差。 在使 用热敏感物品之前, 将吸附材料层与挥发性染料层分离, 用色差计测量挥发性染料 层的实际色差, 并将实际色差与终点色差进行比较。 如果实际色差大于终点色差, 则所述热敏感物品没有失效或变质, 处于可以使用的品质状态。 如果实际色差小于 或等于终点色差, 则所述热敏感物品已经失效或变质, 处于不可使用的品质状态。
优选地, 预先使本发明的时间-温度指示器经过与热敏感物品失效或变质过程相 同的过程, 测量热敏感物品失效或变质时的色差, 记录为终点色差。 用非挥发性染 料或非挥发性颜料制备具有终点色差的参考颜色标签。 在使用热敏感物品之前, 将 吸附材料层与挥发性染料层分离, 目测观察挥发性染料层的实际颜色, 并将实际颜 色与参考颜色标签比较。 如果实际颜色比参考颜色标签深, 则所述热敏感物品没有 失效或变质, 处于可以使用的品质状态。 如果实际颜色比参考颜色标签的颜色浅或 与其相同, 则所述热敏感物品已经失效或变质, 处于不可使用的品质状态。
所述参考颜色标签可以与所述指示功能层和所述吸附功能层独立。 优选地, 所 述参考颜色标签包含在所述指示功能层中。 优选地, 在涂覆挥发性染料层之后, 在 挥发性染料层附近涂覆具有终点色差的非挥发性染料或非挥发性颜料, 形成参考颜 色标签。 所述参考颜色标签可以以任何可能的方式布置在挥发性染料层附近, 例如 与挥发性染料层并排布置、 环绕挥发性染料层等等。 更优选地, 所述第一衬底材料 层本身被制备成参考颜色标签。
例如, 一种热敏感物品在 T1温度下经过时间 tl会变质或失效, 则使本发明的 时间-温度指示器在 T1温度下经过时间 tl的处置, 记录处置后所述挥发性染料层的 色差, 作为终点色差。
所述热敏感物品选自疫苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。 优 选地, 所述的热敏感物品是需要在 -40°C至 50°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要 在 -30°C至 40°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -30°C至 30°C贮藏和 /或运输 的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 20°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 -10°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如 需要在 0°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的 物品。 例如 2005年版或 2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》一部、 二部或三部所载 的任何需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品。 所述的热敏感物品包括但不限于: 疫苗, 例如对热不稳定的疫苗, 例如小几麻痹症疫苗、 伤寒疫苗、 乙肝疫苗等、 生 物制品, 例如人免疫球蛋白、 抗人 T细胞猪免疫球蛋白等、 生物活性样品, 例如血 浆、 全血、 血清等、 药品, 例如垂体后叶注射液、 注射用亚锡依替菲宁等、 食品, 例如鲜肉、 鲜鱼等、 饮品, 例如鲜奶、 奶制品、 酸奶、 巴氏消毒奶等。 在本发明中, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变 化或失效过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内, 优选所述差值在 ±10 kJ/mol 范围内, 更优选在 ±5 kJ/mol 范围内。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能为 60 - 140 kJ/mol。 本发明中所述 "挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能"是指本发明的时间- 温度指示器在使用状态下的挥发性染料层挥发过程的表观活化能。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 80°C范围内呈固态或液体, 更优选在 0 - 50°C 范围内呈固态。
在本发明中, 对所述挥发性染料不做具体限定, 可以实用能够实现本发明的目 的的任何挥发性染料。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自偶氮类染料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I 化合 少一种或其组合, 其中式 I化合物具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000018_0001
R1 选自氢、 卤素、 C 直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链 垸氧基, 例如甲氧基、 乙氧基、 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 丁氧基、 仲丁氧基、 叔丁氧 基、 戊氧基、 异戊氧基、 新戊氧基、 己氧基等; -COR2、 -COOR2 ;
R2 选自氢、 d_6直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁 基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链垸基 胺基例如甲胺基、 乙胺基、 丙胺基、 异丙胺基、 丁胺基、 仲丁胺基、 叔丁胺基、 戊 胺基、 异戊胺基、 新戊胺基、 己胺基等。
更优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自上述式 I的化合物。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种挥发助剂。 本发明对挥发助剂 不做具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何挥发助剂。 本文所述挥发助剂 可以对挥发性染料的挥发具有加速或减缓作用。 优选地, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易 挥发化合物的一种或多种:
直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 例如己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等; 直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 例如丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 例如马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等;
氨基酸, 例如氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 例如二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等;
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种溶剂。 本发明对所述溶剂不做 具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何溶剂。 优选地, 所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二 乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或 多种。
优选地, 将所述挥发性染料、 挥发助剂、 溶剂混合后涂敷在第一衬底材料层上 形成挥发性染料层。 所述涂覆方法不特别限定, 只要能够均勾地形成挥发性染料层 即可使用。 例如可以采用喷涂、 印刷、 涂抹等任何已知的形成涂层的方法。
优选地, 本发明所述吸附材料能够不可逆地吸附从所述挥发性染料层中挥发出 来的染料, 更优选地, 所述的吸附材料吸附所述挥发性染料层中挥发出来的挥发性 染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。 当吸附材料吸附从挥发性染料层中挥发 出来的挥发性染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度时, 挥发性染料被吸附的速 度基本上只与染料的挥发速度有关。 因此, 染料的挥发速度只受温度的影响, 而不 受例如因自身挥发后所产生的饱和 /近饱和蒸气所阻碍等因素的影响。 染料的挥发量 只受温度和时间的影响, 因此可以更精确地反映所述温度-时间传感器的热历史。 当 然, 如果需要降低挥发性染料的挥发速度, 也可以使用吸附速度较小的吸附材料, 例如对染料的吸附速度小于染料挥发速度的吸附材料。 在本发明中, 对所述吸附材 料的种类不做具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明的目的的任何吸附材料。 在一个 实施方案中, 所述的吸附材料包括但不限于油性或水性不干胶、 商业不干胶纸及不 干胶胶带等。
在本发明中, 对第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层的材料不做具体限定, 可以 使用能实现本发明的目的的任何衬底材料。 第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层可以 使用相同或不同的材料。 优选地, 第一衬底材料层与第一离型膜层一起将挥发性染 料层密封; 第二衬底材料层与第二离型膜层一起将吸附材料层密封。 优选地, 所述 第一衬底材料层具有叠层结构, 在衬底材料上与所述挥发性染料层相反的一面上还 依次包括密封胶层、 不干胶层和第三离型膜层。 在使用时, 首先剥离第三离型膜 层, 将第一衬底材料层上的不干胶层贴覆在热敏感物品上。 然后剥离第一离型膜层 和第二离型膜层, 将吸附材料层对准挥发性染料层, 并将所述吸附材料层和挥发性 染料层一起密封在热敏感物品上。
优选地, 所述时间 -温度指示器还包含一个隔离层, 该隔离层位于所述挥发性染 料层和所述吸附材料层之间。 在使用之前, 该隔离层位于挥发性染料层与第一离型 膜层之间或者位于吸附材料层与第二离型膜之间。 该隔离层可以用于调节挥发性染 料层的挥发性染料挥发速度。 本发明对隔离层的材料不做具体限定, 只要是能实现 本发明目的的材料均可使用。 非限制性的实例包括无紡布、 尼龙 P6网、 尼龙 P66网 等。 在观察或测量挥发性染料层的颜色或色差时, 将该隔离层与吸附材料层一起与 挥发性染料层分离。 例如, 可以在涂覆挥发性染料层之后, 覆盖隔离层, 然后再覆 盖第一离型膜层。 或者在涂覆吸附材料层之后覆盖隔离层, 然后再覆盖第二离型膜 层。
在另一个实施方案中, 本发明第二方面的方法包括以下步骤:
提供第一衬底材料层;
在第一衬底材料层的一侧上的一个或多个区域上涂覆挥发性染料, 形成挥发性 染料层, 所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品品质变化或失效 过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内;
在所述挥发性染料层上覆盖第一离型膜, 第一离型膜层和第一衬底材料层一起 将挥发性染料层密封在其间, 从而形成指示功能层;
提供第二衬底材料层;
在第二衬底材料层的一侧上涂覆吸附材料, 形成吸附材料层; 其中所述吸附材 料层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层的尺寸;
在第二衬底材料层上的所述吸附材料层的外围涂覆不干胶层; 和
在所述不干胶层、 吸附材料层上覆盖第二离型膜层, 将所述吸附材料层密封在 所述第二衬底材料和第二离型膜层之间, 从而形成吸附功能层。 在使用时, 剥离第一离型膜和第二离型膜, 将吸附功能层与挥发性染料层对 准, 将第二衬底材料层紧密贴覆在热敏感物品上, 并且将挥发性染料层和吸附材料 层一起密封在第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层之间, 形成使用状态的时间-温度指 不器。
优选地, 所述第一衬底层具有一个或多个透明的区域, 可以通过所述区域测量 或观察所述挥发性染料层的颜色。 更优选地, 所述第一衬底层本身是透明的, 可以 通过透明的第一衬底层测量或观察所述挥发性染料层的颜色。
对本发明所述的离型膜层不作任何限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何 离型膜层。 可以理解的是, 本领域技术人员根据本发明的描述可以容易地选择本发 明的离型膜层。 在本发明中, 所述第一、 第二、 第三、 第四离型膜层没有吸附挥发 性染料的作用。 离型膜所用的材料是可以广泛选择的, 非限制性的实例包括: 纸、 蜡纸、 聚合物薄膜, 如聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚苯乙烯、 聚对苯二甲酸乙二 醇酯等。
本实施方案的其它技术特征及其相关描述和变化与前一实施方案相同或类似, 在此不再赘述。 例如, 本实施方案中所涉及的挥发性染料层、 吸附材料层、 隔离 层、 第一离型膜层、 第二离型膜层、 参考颜色标签的相关描述与前一实施方案相同 或类似; 在本实施方案中, 采用与前一实施方案相同或类似的方式观察或测量挥发 性染料层的色差或颜色深度; 在本实施方案中, 判断热敏感物品是否失效或变质的 方式与前一实施方案相同或类似。 所有相同或类似的部分在此不再赘述。
本发明第四方面提供了一种检测热敏感物品品质状态的方法, 在一个实施方案 中, 本发明第四方面的方法包括以下步骤:
提供热敏感物品, 所述热敏感物品在其期望处置的温度 T1下持续时间 tl 时失 效或变质;
在所述热敏感物品上的一个或多个区域上附着以下各层:
挥发性染料层, 所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品变质 或失效过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内;
吸附材料层, 所述吸附材料不可逆吸收所述挥发性染料层挥发出来的染料; 密封膜层, 所述密封膜尺寸大于所述吸附材料层和所述挥发性染料层的尺寸, 将所述吸附材料层和挥发性染料层密封附着于所述热敏感物品上;
将附着密封膜后的热敏感物品经过实际处置; 剥离吸附材料层;
观察或测定经过所述实际处置后的挥发性染料层中的实际色差 C2;
其中所述挥发性染料层在温度 T1下经过时间 tl后的终点色差为 C1 ;
比较挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2和终点色差 Cl, 如果所述挥发性染料层的实 际色差 C2大于终点色差 Cl, 则表明所述热敏感物品保持在有效品质状态; 如果所 述挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2小于终点色差 C1 , 则表明所述热敏感物品已经失效 或变质。
优选地, 在附着挥发性染料层之前, 在热敏感物品上附着一层衬底材料。
优选地, 在挥发性染料层与吸附材料层之间附着一个隔离层。
在另一个实施方案中, 本发明第四方面的方法包括以下步骤:
提供热敏感物品, 所述热敏感物品在期望处置的温度 T1下持续时间 tl 时失效 或变质;
在所述热敏感物品的一个或多个区域上附着以下各层:
吸附材料层;
挥发性染料层;
透明密封膜层;
其中, 所述吸附材料层不可逆地吸附所述挥发性染料层中挥发出来的染料, 所 述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的变质或失效过程的活化能 的差值在预定范围内;
将附着密封膜后的热敏感物品经过实际处置;
观察或测定经过所述实际处置后的挥发性染料层中的实际色差 C2;
其中所述挥发性染料层在温度 T1下经过时间 tl后的终点色差为 C1 ;
比较挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2和终点色差 Cl, 如果所述挥发性染料层的实 际色差 C2大于终点色差 Cl, 则表明所述热敏感物品保持在有效品质状态; 如果所 述挥发性染料层的实际色差 C2小于终点色差 C1 , 则表明所述热敏感物品已经失效 或变质。
优选地, 在附着吸附材料层之前, 在热敏感物品上附着一层衬底材料。
优选地, 在挥发性染料层与吸附材料层之间附着一个隔离层。
根据本发明的第四方面, 优选地, 预先使附着了所述各层的热敏感物品经过失 效或变质过程, 用色差计测量热敏感物品失效或变质时的色差, 记录为终点色差。 在使用热敏感物品之前, 用色差计测量挥发性染料层的实际色差, 并将实际色差与 终点色差进行比较。 如果实际色差大于终点色差, 则所述热敏感物品没有失效或变 质, 处于可以使用的品质状态。 如果实际色差小于或等于终点色差, 则所述热敏感 物品已经失效或变质, 处于不可使用的品质状态。
优选地, 用非挥发性染料或非挥发性颜料制备具有终点色差的参考颜色标签。 在使用热敏感物品之前, 目测观察挥发性染料层的实际颜色, 并将实际颜色与参考 颜色标签比较。 如果实际颜色比参考颜色标签深, 则所述热敏感物品没有失效或变 质, 处于可以使用的品质状态。 如果实际颜色比参考颜色标签的颜色浅或与其相 同, 则所述热敏感物品已经失效或变质, 处于不可使用的品质状态。
所述参考颜色标签可以与所述指示功能层和所述吸附功能层独立。 优选地, 所 述参考颜色标签包含在所述指示功能层中。 优选地, 在涂覆挥发性染料层之后, 在 挥发性染料层附近涂覆具有终点色差的非挥发性染料或非挥发性颜料, 形成参考颜 色标签。 所述参考颜色标签可以以任何可能的方式布置在挥发性染料层附近, 例如 与挥发性染料层并排布置、 环绕挥发性染料层等等。
例如, 一种热敏感物品在 T1温度下经过时间 tl会变质或失效, 则使附着了所 述各层的热敏感物品在 T1温度下经过时间 tl 的处置, 记录处置后所述挥发性染料 层的色差, 作为终点色差值。
所述热敏感物品选自疫苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。 优 选地, 所述的热敏感物品是需要在 -40°C至 50°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要 在 -30°C至 40°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -30°C至 30°C贮藏和 /或运输 的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 20°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 优选是需要在 -20°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 -10°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如 需要在 0°C至 10°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品, 例如需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的 物品。 例如 2005年版或 2010年版《中华人民共和国药典》一部、 二部或三部所载 的任何需要在 2°C至 8°C贮藏和 /或运输的物品。 所述的热敏感物品包括但不限于: 疫苗, 例如对热不稳定的疫苗, 例如小几麻痹症疫苗、 伤寒疫苗、 乙肝疫苗等、 生 物制品, 例如人免疫球蛋白、 抗人 T细胞猪免疫球蛋白等、 生物活性样品, 例如血 浆、 全血、 血清等、 药品, 例如垂体后叶注射液、 注射用亚锡依替菲宁等、 食品, 例如鲜肉、 鲜鱼等、 饮品, 例如鲜奶、 奶制品、 酸奶、 巴氏消毒奶等。
在本发明中, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变 化或失效过程的活化能的差值在预定范围内, 优选所述差值在 ±10 kJ/mol 范围内, 更优选在 ±5 kJ/mol 范围内。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料层挥发过程的活化能为 60 - 140 kJ/mol。 本发明中所述 "挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能"是指本发明的时间- 温度指示器在使用状态下的挥发性染料层挥发过程的表观活化能。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 80°C范围内呈固态或液体, 更优选在 0 - 50°C 范围内呈固态。
在本发明中, 对所述挥发性染料不做具体限定, 可以实用能够实现本发明的目 的的任何挥发性染料。 优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自偶氮类染料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I 化合 少一种或其组合, 其中式 I化合物具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000024_0001
R1 选自氢、 卤素、 C 直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链 垸氧基, 例如甲氧基、 乙氧基、 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 丁氧基、 仲丁氧基、 叔丁氧 基、 戊氧基、 异戊氧基、 新戊氧基、 己氧基等; -COR2、 -COOR2 ;
R2 选自氢、 d_6直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁 基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链垸基 胺基例如甲胺基、 乙胺基、 丙胺基、 异丙胺基、 丁胺基、 仲丁胺基、 叔丁胺基、 戊 胺基、 异戊胺基、 新戊胺基、 己胺基等。
更优选地, 所述挥发性染料选自上述式 I的化合物。
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种挥发助剂。 本发明对挥发助剂 不做具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何挥发助剂。 本文所述挥发助剂 可以对挥发性染料的挥发起加速或减缓的作用。 优选地, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易 挥发化合物的一种或多种:
直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 例如己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等;
直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 例如丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 例如马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等;
氨基酸, 例如氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 例如二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等;
优选地, 所述挥发性染料层中还包含一种或多种溶剂。 本发明对所述溶剂不做 具体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明目的的任何溶剂。 优选地, 所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二 乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或 多种。
优选地, 将所述挥发性染料、 挥发助剂、 溶剂混合后涂敷在第一衬底材料层上 形成挥发性染料层。 所述涂覆方法不特别限定, 只要能够均勾地形成挥发性染料层 即可使用。 例如可以采用喷涂、 印刷、 涂抹等任何已知的形成涂层的方法。
优选地, 本发明所述吸附材料能够不可逆地吸附从所述挥发性染料层中挥发出 来的染料, 更优选地, 所述的吸附材料吸附所述挥发性染料层中挥发出来的挥发性 染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。 当吸附材料吸附从挥发性染料层中挥发 出来的挥发性染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度时, 挥发性染料被吸附的速 度基本上只与染料的挥发速度有关。 因此, 染料的挥发速度只受温度的影响, 而不 受例如因自身挥发后所产生的饱和 /近饱和蒸气所阻碍等因素的影响。 染料的挥发量 只受温度和时间的影响, 因此可以更精确地监测所述热敏感物品的热历史。 当然, 如果需要降低挥发性染料的挥发速度, 可以选择吸附速度较小的吸附材料, 例如吸 附速度小于染料挥发速度的吸附材料。 在本发明中, 对所述吸附材料的种类不做具 体限定, 可以使用能够实现本发明的目的的任何吸附材料。 在一个实施方案中, 所 述的吸附材料包括但不限于油性或水性不干胶、 商业不干胶纸及不干胶胶带等。
在本发明中, 对第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层的材料不做具体限定, 可以 使用能实现本发明的目的的任何衬底材料。 第一衬底材料层和第二衬底材料层可以 使用相同或不同的材料。
本发明第五方面提供了一种化合物, 其具有式 I的结构:
Figure imgf000026_0001
其中,
Rl 选自氢; 卤素; C 直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基等; d_6直链或支链 垸氧基, 例如甲氧基、 乙氧基、 丙氧基、 异丙氧基、 丁氧基、 仲丁氧基、 叔丁氧 基、 戊氧基、 异戊氧基、 新戊氧基、 己氧基等; -COR2 ; -COOR2等;
R2 选自氢; d_6直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁 基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基、 正戊基、 异戊基、 新戊基、 正己基; d_6直链或支链垸基胺 基, 例如甲胺基、 乙胺基、 丙胺基、 异丙基胺基、 丁胺基、 仲丁胺基、 叔丁胺基、 戊胺基、 异戊胺基、 新戊基胺基、 己胺基; 等等。
根据本发明第五方面的化合物, 其中,
R1选自氢、 -COR2、 -COOR2;
R2 选自氢; d_4直链或支链垸基, 例如甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁 基、 仲丁基、 叔丁基; d_4直链或支链垸基胺基, 例如甲胺基、 乙胺基、 丙胺基、 异丙基胺基、 丁胺基、 仲丁胺基、 叔丁胺基、 戊胺基、 异戊胺基、 新戊基胺基、 己 胺基; 等等。 。
根据本发明第五方面的化合物, 其中 R1 选自氢、 -COOH、 -COOCH3、 - COOCH2CH3、 -COOCH2CH2CH3、 -COOCH(CH3)2等。
在本发明的上下文中, R1 分别为 -COOCH3、 -COOCH2CH3和 -COOCH(CH3)2 的化合物可分别简称为染料 A、 染料 B和染料 C。
本申请中所引用的所有文献, 它们的全部内容通过引用并入本文。 除非本文中 另有说明, 本申请中所使用的各种术语和短语具有本领域技术人员公知的一般含 义。
如本文所述的, 术语"变质"是指热敏感物品经过一定储运时间后失去其原有的 品质状态或者达不到规定的质量要求。 食品或药品在储运过程中, 往往会由于受热 或者其他因素发生变质。 一般情况下, 储运温度越高, 变质速度越快。 热敏感物品 通常具有规定的储运温度, 因此具有一定的保质期或货架期。 如果热敏感物品的储 运温度超过规定的储运温度, 变质速度加快, 保质期缩短。 现有技术中, 许多食品 或药品仅仅标明其规定的储运温度和保质期, 但是在储运过程中的实际储运温度是 否一直保持在规定的储运温度以下, 则无法获知。 在本发明中, 出乎意料地发现, 通过调节挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能, 可以使挥发性染料层的染料挥发速率 与热敏感物品的品质变化速率接近或一致, 即挥发性染料层的颜色褪变速率与热敏 感物品的品质变化速率相近或一致, 可以准确地监测热敏感物品的品质变化。 在储 运温度升高时, 挥发性染料层挥发速度增大, 颜色褪变速率增大, 因此达到终点色 差或终点颜色的时间缩短, 这表明热敏感物品的保质期也相应地缩短了。 当本发明 的时间-温度指示器的色差达到或小于终点色差时, 即其颜色等于终点颜色或比终点 颜色更浅时, 说明热敏感物品已经变质, 尽管该热敏感物品的储运时间可能还没有 达到所标明的保质期。 因此, 使用本发明的时间-温度指示器或者本发明的监测热敏 感物品品质状态的方法, 可以更准确地监测热敏感物品的品质状态, 保证热敏感物 品的使用安全。
如本文所述的, 术语"失效"是指热敏感物品在经过一定的储运时间后失去其原 有的效能或者达不到规定的质量要求。 例如, 疫苗在使用前规定其活性应当达到规 定的标准, 而在储运后, 如果其活性达不到规定的标准, 则可以认为该疫苗已经失 效, 不能使用。 例如, 规定疫苗储运后的活性在 90%以上, 则在该活性达到 90%以 下时, 即认为已经失效。 不同的热敏感物品有不同的失效标准。 本发明的时间 -温度 指示器在使用时应根据不同的热敏感物品的失效标准测定其终点色差。 热敏感物品 的失效过程与其储运过程的温度密切相关。 在温度升高时, 热敏感物品的失效过程 加快, 即失效速率增大, 其保质期缩短。 目前, 许多热敏感物品仅仅规定了其储运 温度和保质期, 而没有对其热历史进行检测。 在储运过程中的储运温度是否超过规 定的储运温度, 使用者无法得知。 在本发明中, 出乎意料地发现, 通过调节挥发性 染料层的挥发过程的活化能, 可以使挥发性染料层的染料挥发速率与热敏感物品的 失效速率接近或一致, 即挥发性染料层的颜色褪变速率与热敏感物品的失效速率相 近或一致, 可以准确地监测热敏感物品的失效过程。 在储运温度升高时, 挥发性染 料层挥发速度增大, 颜色褪变速率增大, 因此达到终点色差或终点颜色的时间缩 短, 这表明热敏感物品的保质期也相应地缩短了。 当本发明的时间-温度指示器的色 差达到或小于终点色差时, 即其颜色等于终点颜色或比终点颜色更浅时, 说明热敏 感物品已经失效, 尽管该热敏感物品的储运时间可能还没有达到所标明的保质期。 因此, 使用本发明的时间-温度指示器或者本发明的监测热敏感物品失效的方法, 可 以更准确地监测热敏感物品的失效过程, 更准确地判断热敏感物品是否失效, 保证 热敏感物品的使用安全。 这在疫苗、 药品和食品等领域具有特别重要的意义。
如本文所述的, 术语"热敏感物品失效或变质过程的活化能"是指热敏感物品在 log k : - ― H- log A
失效或变质过程中的 Arrhenius方程 中的活化能 E, 并 且该活化能是指热敏感物品在实际的失效或变质过程中的表观活化能。 不限于任何 理论, 本发明的发明人认为, 热敏感物品失效或变质过程服从 Arrhenius 方程。 在 实践中, 使热敏感物品在至少两个不同温度下, 优选的是在 5个以上温度下, 更优 选在 10个以上温度下, 测量热敏感物品的失效或变质速率。 然后在直角坐标系中做 出 logk随温度 T变化的曲线, 该曲线为一个直线或近似的直线。 从该直线的斜率及 其延长线与坐标轴的交点可以获得热敏感物品失效或变质过程中的表观活化能和常 数 A。
类似地, 术语"挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化能是指挥发性染料层在挥发过程 log k : - ― + log A
中的 Arrhenius方程 2303 HT 中的活化能 E, 并且该活化能是指 本发明的时间 -温度指示器的挥发性染料层在实际的挥发过程中的表观活化能。 不限 于任何理论, 本发明的发明人认为, 挥发性染料层的挥发过程服从 Arrhenius 方 程。 在实践中, 使本发明的时间-温度指示器在至少两个不同温度下, 优选的是在 5 个以上温度下, 更优选在 10个以上温度下, 测量挥发性染料层的挥发速率。 然后在 直角坐标系中做出 logk随温度 T变化的曲线, 该曲线为一个直线或近似的直线。 从 该直线的斜率及其延长线与坐标轴的交点可以获得本发明的时间 -温度指示器的挥发 性染料层在挥发过程中的表观活化能和常数 A。
在本发明中, 通过选择挥发性染料和 /或挥发助剂和 /或溶剂及其用量, 可以控制 挥发性染料层在挥发过程中的表观活化能 E及常数 A, 并使其与热敏感物品失效或 变质过程中的表观活化能 E及常数 A接近或者甚至一致, 从而使挥发性染料层的染 料挥发速率与热敏感物品的变质速率或失效速率接近或者甚至一致, 从而根据挥发 性染料层的颜色变化准确地监测热敏感物品的热历史。
在本文中, 采用 E或 Ea表示本文所定义的活化能。
如本文所述的, 术语"色差"是指用色差计测量的用数字表示的颜色。 使用 L*a*b*色空间 (也称为 CIELAB) 。 在该色空间中, L*表示亮度, a*和 b*是色度坐 标。 a*和 b*表示颜色方向, +a*表示红色方向, -a*表示绿色方向, +b*表示黄色方 向, -b*表示蓝色方向。 中心无色, 当 a*和 b*值增大并从中心移出时, 色饱和增 大。 色差计广泛用于精确测量色差。 在 L*a*b*空间中, 色差可表示为单一的数值, 用 AE*ab 表示, 它表示色差的大小, 但不表示色彩在哪方面不同。 AE*ab 定义如 下:
△E*ab=[(AL*)2+(Aa*)2+(Ab*)20 5
所测量的 AE*ab相对于白色标准而言, 在 AE*ab为 10或更低时, 虽然色差值可 能会随着染料的挥发而减小, 人眼几乎观察不到这种变化。 因此, 可以将 AE*ab 为 10 或更大的值确定为终点色差, 以方便使用者直接通过目测比较颜色深浅。 例如, 可以将终点色差定为 AE*ab等于 10、 15、 20、 25 等任何数值。 在制备本发明的时 间-温度指示器时, 根据预先确定的终点色差值、 实际测得的挥发性染料层的挥发速 度以及相应的颜色褪变速度, 可以容易地确定本发明的时间-温度指示器的初始色差 C0。 换言之, 如上所述确定初始色差 CO并使挥发性染料层的色差为 CO, 则可以使 所述时间-温度指示器在经过与热敏感物品失效或变质相同的处置过程后, 其终点色 差恰好为预定的色差值, 例如 AE*ab等于 10、 15、 20、 25等。 在确定了 CO以后, 可以通过调节挥发性染料层中挥发性染料的种类、 含量以及挥发助剂和溶剂等的种 类和含量等因素, 获得具有 CO的挥发性染料层。 另外, 可以理解的是, 在采用目测 观察比较实际色差和终点色差时, 挥发性染料层的初始色差 C0应当足够大, 以确保 具有终点色差的参考颜色标签的颜色在人眼可分辨的范围内, 即终点色差值应当为 10或 10以上, 例如为 10、 15、 20、 25或以上。
由于在目测比较颜色深浅过程中, 使用者只需要对颜色的深浅进行比较, 因此 可以直接采用 AE*ab进行比较, 而对 L*、 a*和 b*的具体数值进行确定。 因此, 本 发明的时间 -温度指示器可以使用任何颜色的挥发性染料。
在本发明中, "使本发明的时间 -温度指示器经过与热敏感物品失效或变质过程 相同的过程"或类似的描述具有如下含义: 假定热敏感物品在 T1温度下经过 tl时间 后失效或变质, 而在 tl 时间前没有失效或变质, 则使本发明的时间-温度指示器在 T1温度下放置 tl 时间。 例如某种疫苗在 -8°C 的保质期为两年, 则可以将本发明的 时间-温度指示器在 -8°C下放置两年, 以确定其终点色差或终点颜色。 但是, 在实践 中, 如果热敏感物品的保质期天长, 则确定本发明的时间 -温度指示器的时间周期太 长, 显然不太现实。 因此, 可以根据本领域技术人员公知的或具体热敏感物品规定 的或常用的加速实验的方法确定终点色差或终点颜色。 例如, 记载于相关教科书中 的方法, 例如参见天津大学物理化学教研室编, 物理化学, 人民教育出版社, 1979; 苏德森, 等, 物理药剂学, 化学工业出版社, 北京, 2004 ; 奚念朱, 药剂 学, 第三版, 人民卫生出版社, 北京, 1994等中与物质例如药物稳定性相关章节的 内容等。 例如参考教科书 (奚念朱, 药剂学, 第三版, 人民卫生出版社, 北京, 1994, pl41)中记载的常规试验法。 例如, 如果上述 2-8°C有效期 2年的疫苗在 25°C 放置 8 周时活性降到 90%的标准规定下限, 则可以将本发明的时间-温度指示器在 25°C放置 8周, 测定其挥发性染料层的色差, 作为终点色差。 与在 2 - 8°C放置两 年相比, 这种方法可以更快地确定本发明的时间 -温度指示器的终点色差或终点颜 色。 此外, 还可以参考教科书 (奚念朱, 药剂学, 第三版, 人民卫生出版社, 北京, 1994, pl41)中记载的经曲恒温法来确定上述终点色差或终点颜色。 该方法通常基于 log k =— ― + log A
Arrhenius方程 2303 , 其中包括活化能 E、 速率常数 k、 绝 对温度 T等参数。
本领域技术人员应当理解, 在本发明中提及 "在热敏感物品上 "或" 在热敏感 物品上的一个或多个区域上 "包括 "在热敏感物品的包装上" 或 "在热敏感物品的 包装上的一个或多个区域上" 。 例如在疫苗、 药品等的一级包装 (或最小包装, 例如 一个安瓿瓶的疫苗)的外表面上, 例如玻璃瓶装的疫苗或药品的玻璃瓶外表面上, 或 者是在软袋包装的血浆、 牛奶的软袋外表面上。 所述区域的位置没有任何限制, 但 是应当比较均勾。 所述区域的尺寸也没有任何限制, 但就本发明目的而言, 0.2~20cm2通常是优选的, 更优选 0.5~5cm2, 更优选 0.5~4cm2, 更优选 0.5~2.5cm2, 更优选 0.5~lcm2
在本发明中, 所述参考颜色标签或参考颜色层用非挥发性染料或颜料制备。 本 发明对挥发性染料或颜料的种类不做具体限定, 只要可以实现本发明所规定的颜色 或色差, 可以使用市售的任何非挥发性染料。
如本文所述的, 提及热敏感物品"是否失效"是指该物品是否在其有效期所规定 的质量要求范围内。 例如以活性成分的含量为例, 某药品标准规定其活性成分的量 应为标示量的 90%以上, 则可以根据该药品经例如贮藏和 /或运输后其活性成分是否 在 90%以上来判断"是否失效", 例如如果活性成分 >90%则未失效, 如果活性成分 <90%则表明失效。
有多种类型的时间 -温度指示器 (TTI)已为本领域技术人员所熟知。 例如 CN101652645A公开了一种时间-温度指示器, 其包含下述时间温度指示器: 其包含 至少 1个金属层或含金属层, 和直接接触所述金属层或所述含金属层的至少 1个掺 杂聚合物层, 其中掺杂剂为酸、 碱或盐或光潜性酸或光潜性碱, 该掺杂剂被添加至 所述聚合物, 和 /或至少 1 个聚合物层, 其中聚合物官能化有酸性或潜酸性或碱性或 潜碱性基团; 或包含下述时间温度指示器, 其包含至少 1 个聚合物层, 该层含有金 属颗粒和光潜性酸或光潜性碱, 或至少 1 个聚合物层, 该层含有金属颗粒, 其中所 述聚合物官能化有潜酸性或潜碱性基团。 又如, CN1914509A 公开了一种时间温度 指示器, 所述指示器包含至少一种第一种异构体形式的指示化合物, 在异构化反应 中, 在没有发生连接在所述指示化合物上的原子或化学基团的迁移的情况下, 所述 指示化合物以时间和温度依赖的方式转化成第二种异构体形式的所述指示化合物, 其中所述第二种异构体形式的形成可通过监测指示化合物的物理特征来检测到。 然 而, 根据本发明的详细描述, 本发明的时间-温度指示器不论在原理上、 还是在结构 以及组成上, 均完全区别于现有的时间-温度指示器, 而且本发明的时间 -温度指示器 在生产、 成本、 使用简便性等方面都是非常有益的。 当然, 为了有助于对本发明的 理解, 上述专利文献的全部内容通过引用并入本文。
指示功能层或吸附材料层中的"密封胶层"可以防止染料渗透穿过衬底材料层后 迁移甚至挥发。 尽管本发明期望采用可尽量避免渗透、 迁移的衬底材料层, 然而为 了本发明的目的, 在衬底材料层上与染料层相反的一侧涂渍密封胶层是优选的。 密 封胶或密封胶层的材料是可以广泛选择的, 非限制性的实例包括: 市售普通胶水。
与上述 "密封胶层"的作用类似, 指示功能层中的"密封膜层"可以防止染料渗透 穿过衬底材料层后迁移甚至挥发。 密封膜或密封膜层的材料是可以广泛选择的, 非 限制性的实例包括聚合物薄膜, 如聚乙烯、 聚氯乙烯、 聚丙烯、 聚苯乙烯、 聚对苯 二甲酸乙二醇酯等等。
指示功能层或吸附功能层中的"不干胶层"可以为相应的材料层提供粘合和封闭 作用。 指示功能层和吸附功能层两个层中的"不干胶层"可以相同或不同, 然而期待 吸附功能层中的"不干胶层"具有良好的密封性能, 可以在本发明指示器使用时使衬 底材料层与热敏感物品紧密结合形成一个可避免染料泄漏的封闭空间。 不干胶或不 干胶层的材料是可以广泛选择的, 非限制性的实例包括油性或水性不干胶、 商业不 干胶纸及不干胶胶带等。
在本发明中, 提及本发明热敏感物品的"品质"、 "品质状态"、 "有效"、 "失效" 等, 热敏感物品的这些状况既可以用效价表示, 例如某些生物制品; 或者可以用活 性表示; 还可以用含量表示, 例如活性成分的含量。 本发明并不对它们的表示方法 作任何限定。
在本发明中, 式 I 化合物可以使用本领域技术人员知晓的方法来制备。 例如, 可以以 R1为氢式 I化合物 (在本发明中, 其可称为染料 H)为原料通过卤代反应、 垸 基化反应或酰基化反应再水解或醇解等方法使其中的 R1取代基转化为卤素、 d_6直 链或支链垸基、 直链或支链醇、 -COR2、 -COOR2等基团, 其中的 R2如本发明 所述。 实施例
通过下面的各种类型的实施例可以对本发明进行进一步的描述, 然而, 本发明 的范围并不限于下述实施例。 本领域的专业人员能够理解,在不背离本发明的精神 和范围的前提下, 可以对本发明进行各种变化和修饰。 本发明对试验中所使用到的 材料以及试验方法进行一般性和 /或具体的描述。 虽然为实现本发明目的所使用的许 多材料和操作方法是本领域公知的, 但是本发明仍然在此作尽可能详细描述。
A、 时间 -温度指示器的实例
本发明利用物质的挥发性质制作时间-温度指示器, 通过一个挥发一吸附过程, 实现所需的颜色变化效果。 根据本发明的一个实施例的时间-温度指示器的结构及其 工作原理示意性地表示在图 1、 图 2A和图 2B中。
参见图 1, 其中显示了根据本发明的一个实施例的时间-温度指示器, 其由两部 分组成, a部分是指示功能层 1, b部分是吸附功能层 2, 两部分分别制作且分别储 运, 使用时组合在一起, 粘贴到待监测的热敏感物品的容器或包装表面。
在指示功能层 1 中, 衬底材料层 10 的下面印刷一层密封胶 14, 再在其下加上 一层密封膜 13, 阻止挥发性染料层 15向下部方向扩散。 密封膜 13的下面再印刷一 层不干胶 12, 并用离型膜层 11保护。 如果密封胶的密封效果足够好, 可以不用密封 膜 13。 如果衬底材料层 10本身具有足够的密封效果, 则可以不用密封胶层 14和密 封膜 13。 可以理解, 不干胶层 12是任选的。
在衬底材料层 10 上面的功能部位印刷一层具有特定挥发性能的有色功能材料 (即挥发性染料)作为挥发性染料层, 形成本发明中的挥发性染料层 15, 该染料层 15 的颜色 (图中, 深蓝色)与衬底材料层 10或周边印刷的参考颜色层 16(图中, 浅蓝色) 显现较大反差。 所用挥发性染料挥发的速度及其温度效应与所指示的热敏感物品变 质或失效的速度及其温度效应尽量一致。 指示功能层印刷干燥后, 用离型膜层 17密 封保存。 该离型膜层 17起密封作用并且对所用的挥发性染料无吸附作用, 密封性能 保证指示功能层可以在室温下储存和运输。
在吸附功能层 2 中, 衬底材料层 20 的上面可印刷适当的产品信息 (例如该 TTI 适用的热敏感物品种类)或指示器使用信息 (例如在需要利用指示器判断热敏感物品是 否失效时如何操作的信息)。 在衬底材料层 20 的下面, 在对应于指示功能层部位, 印刷或涂渍一层可以有效吸附挥发的热敏挥发性染料的吸附材料, 形成吸附材料层 21, 在吸附材料层 21的周边印刷不干胶层 22, 然后用离型膜层 23使叠层形成的吸 附功能层 2 密封保存。 如果需要防止吸附材料和挥发性染料 (即挥发性染料)直接接 触, 还可以在吸附材料层 21的下面 (即远离衬底材料层 20)的一侧再制作一个隔离层 24, 该隔离层是任选的。 实际上, 隔离层也可以位于染料层 15 和离型膜层 17之 间。
再参见图 2A, 其中描绘了图 1 所示的时间 -温度指示器的使用和使用过程。 在 图 2A的 a中, 将分别制作、 储运的指示功能层 1和吸附功能层 2两个叠层部分组 合: 先剥离指示功能层 1底部的离型膜 11, 将指示功能层 1粘贴到待监测的热敏感 物品的容器或包装 3表面; 剥离指示功能层 1的离型膜 17和吸附功能层 2的离型膜 23, 将吸附功能层 2部分与指示功能层 1对准粘贴到待监测的热敏感物品容器或包 装 3表面。 优选的实施方案是吸附材料层 21的形状和尺寸与挥发性染料层 15和参 考颜色层 16 二者的形状和尺寸相同或者比后二者稍大, 这样如图所示吸附材料层 21和任选的隔离层 24完全覆盖挥发性染料层 15和参考颜色层 16二者, 而吸附材料 层 21外围的不干胶层 22连同其粘附的衬底材料层 20可以严密地粘附到热敏感物品 的包装容器 3上, 使得衬底材料层 20、 不干胶层 22、 热敏感物品的包装容器 3三者 形成一个可将其余各功能层密封的空间。 两个功能层衬底材料和不干胶材料的选择 保证指示功能层将牢固的粘结到产品容器或包装表面, 而吸附功能层粘结时具有合 适的牢固度, 能有效密封指示功能层印刷的挥发性染料, 并可以剥离, 剥离过程不 对指示功能层造成不良影响。
在该指示器使用过程中, 在挥发性染料层 15的挥发性染料未完全挥发的情况下 (图 2A中的 b), 剥离吸附功能层 2后, 挥发性染料层 15中剩余的染料 (蓝色)与其周 围参考颜色层 16(浅蓝色)仍能显示明显的颜色差异 (图 2A中的 C), 即挥发性染料层 15 的颜色比参考颜色层 16 更深, 反映所指示的产品仍有效、 可用。 在挥发性染料 层 15的热敏材料完全挥发的情况下 (图 2A中的 d), 剥离吸附功能层 2后, 挥发性染 料层 15 中剩余的染料 (淡蓝色或无色)比其周围参考颜色层 16(浅蓝色)的颜色接近或 更浅 (图 2A中的 e), 即挥发性染料层 15的颜色比参考颜色层 16相当或更浅, 指示 所监测的产品可能因受热过度而变质或失效。
图 2B在与根据本发明的一个实施例的时间温度指示器的垂直方向上观察其在使 用过程中挥发性染料层 15 的变化过程。 说明本发明利用材料的挥发性能制作的时 间-温度指示器, 通过挥发一吸附过程, 实现指示器功能部位颜色的变化, 显示使用 该时间-温度指示器的产品是否因受热过度或时间过长而变质或失效。 在本实施例 中, 挥发性染料层 15的形状为方形 , 见图 2B中的 a, 起点状态, 深蓝色方形, 该 挥发性染料层的颜色与参比颜色层呈现较大反差, 参考颜色层见图 2B 中的 (a), 为 浅蓝色圆形, 相应于图 1中的参考颜色层 16, 其可以是衬底或印刷的参考颜色层。
在时间-温度指示器与热敏感物品组合后的使用过程中, 参考颜色层 16 的颜色 深度不变, 而挥发性染料层 15的颜色会因染料挥发而变浅, 变浅的速度受温度的影 响, 即使是在热敏感物品规定的储运温度下, 挥发性染料层 15 也按一定的速度挥 发。 例如对于 2-8°C贮藏效期 2年的药品, 该药品严格在 2-8°C贮藏 2年后, 挥发 性染料层 15会因染料的缓慢挥发而渐渐变浅, 此时其颜色会比参考颜色层 16更深 或稍深, 表明该药品在 2-8°C贮藏 2年后仍然是合格的; 贮藏时间继续延长后, 挥 发性染料层 15会因染料的继续挥发而继续变浅, 此后其颜色会比参考颜色层 16基 本接近或更浅, 表明药品已过有效期。 在指示器使用过程中, 当挥发性染料层未完 全挥发时, 剥离吸附膜后剩余的挥发性染料与周边参考颜色层仍能显示明显颜色差 异, 见图 2B 中的 (b), 即中间点状态, 蓝色正方形相比于参考浅色圆的颜色更深, 反映所指示的产品仍有效可用。 当挥发性染料层继续或完全挥发后, 剥离吸附材料 层后, 原有挥发性染料层 15的颜色与其周边参考颜色层 16的颜色接近 (图 2B中的 (c), 终点状态)或更浅 (图 2B 中的 (d), 过终点状态), 从而指示所监测的产品可能因 受热过度而变质或失效。
B、 时间-温度指示器的制作和参考颜色层部位的颜色确定 根据图 1所示的结构制作时间-温度指示器后, 在不同温度下 (例如 5°C、 10°C、 25°C和 /或 37°C等), 使用色差计测量指示器功能部位的色差随时间的变化, 可以得 到指示器的变色速度及其温度效应。
使用色差计可以将颜色的变化数字化。 使用色差计测量颜色变化时, 先定义一 个色空间如 L*a*b*色空间(亦称为 CIELAB色空间)。 在这个色空间中, L*代表亮 度; a*和 b*是色度坐标, 表示色彩方向; +a*表示红色方向, -a*表示绿色方向, +b* 表示黄色方向, -b*表示蓝色方向, 中心无色。 当 a*和 b* 值增加并从中心移出时, 色饱和度增加。 在这个色空间中, 色差可以用单一的数值表示:
Figure imgf000035_0001
其中, AL*为亮度的变化, Aa*为沿红色 -绿色色轴的变化, Ah*为沿黄色-蓝色色 轴的变化。 使用如 Minolta CR-310 Chroma Meter等色差计定量化色彩, 就可以定量 化色差, 对制作的时间-温度指示器的变色功能进行评价。 色差测量以白色衬底如 A4 纸作为参考, 当色差 AE*ab<10时, 颜色或多或少接近衬底的颜色, 色差的进一步下 降对人眼来说不是显著的, 因此在评价过程中, 将色差 AE*ab=10作为变色的终点。 实际应用中, 终点色差可以根据实际情况定义, 例如根据具体的热敏感物品, AE*ab 可以设定为其它值, 例如 AE*ab=15、 AE*ab=20、 AE*ab=25、 和 /或 AE*ab=30等。
C、 以具体实例说明本发明方法或指示器的设计和应用
实施例 1 :
使用染料 A作为时间-温度指示器的挥发性染料, 在普通的 A4纸上定量印刷 2% 染料 A (溶剂为乙酸乙酯, 每平方厘米涂覆染料 A的量约 200 ug)作为功能指示层, 将 能有效吸附染料 A的市售不干胶纸置于染料 A上方, 并使不干胶面向染料层, 作为吸 附材料层, 再采用染料不可渗透的密封膜将指示功能层与吸附功能层密封, 并将密 封的样品置于 25nC恒温条件下。 放置特定时间后, 观察记录指示器的颜色。 图 3是指 示器在 25nC恒温条件下放置 0-105天后的颜色记录。 染料 A完全挥发后, 在裸眼下几 乎未留下任何染料痕迹, 指示功能部位几乎回复到白纸的原色。 实施例 2:
图 4A和图 4B是参考实施例 1的方法, 采用染料 A作为挥发性染料制作的时间温度 指示器在不同温度下的色差 AE*ab随时间 t的变化。 以色差 AE*ab=10作为变色的终 点, 可以求得该指示器的变色时间和速度, 再由 Arrhenius 方程可以推导出其变化 过程对应的活化能约为 97.4 kJ/mol (图 5), 从而得到指示器变色过程温度效应的表征 参数。 这个活化能可以很好的覆盖文献报道的小儿麻痹症疫苗的失活活化能范围 73.6-109 kJ/mol, 还可以覆盖一些其它疫苗的失活活化能范围。
图 6是使用染料 A针对一种乙肝疫苗设计的标签, 本发明 TTI的变色响应与疫苗 的活性变化几乎完全一致。 实施例 3:
通过调节指示器功能指示部位单位面积印刷的挥发性染料的量, 可以调控指示 器变色的总时间, 这可以在印刷过程中通过调节上墨量或墨水的浓度来调控。
图 7是用染料 A作为挥发性染料, 参考实施例 1的方法, 使用不同的墨水浓度和相 同上墨量得到的指示器的起始色差值, 及相同温度下变色过程。 指示器到达终点的 时间与单位面积印刷的挥发性染料的量呈线性关系 (图 8)。 实施例 4:
通过改变染料的组成和结构, 可以调控指示器的变色时间及其温度效应。 图 9 是参考实施例 1的方法, 采用三种式 I化合物 (分别为染料 A、 B、 C)作为时间 -温度 指示器的挥发性染料, 制作的指示器在 50nC下的色差随时间的变化有很大的不同。 以色差 AE*ab=10 作为变色的终点, 可以求得该指示器在不同温度下的变色时间和速 度, 再由 Arrhenius方程可以推导出染料 B和 C作为挥发性染料, 指示器颜色变化 (或染料挥发) 过程对应的活化能分别为 122和 75 kJ/mol, 从而得到指示器变色过 程温度效应的表征参数。 从以上染料 B和 C的活化能不同于染料 A的结果可见, 染 料 B和 C可以用于设计适合其它热敏感物品的 TTI, 或者用于不同染料的组合。 实施例 5:
挥发性染料层印刷过程中, 采用不同的溶剂可以适当的调制指示器的变色速度 及其温度效应。 图 10是参考实施例 1的方法, 分别使用环己垸、 二氯甲垸、 乙酸甲 酯、 乙醇、 乙酸乙酯作为溶剂印刷染料 Α作为挥发性染料层, 在相同温度下指示器的 色差随时间的变化。 结果表明, 使用乙醇作为溶剂, 指示器的变色速度最快; 使用 环己垸和乙酸甲酯作为溶剂, 指示器变色速度相当, 比乙醇作为溶剂略慢; 使用乙 酸乙酯作为溶剂, 指示器的变色速度更慢些; 用二氯甲垸作为溶剂印刷等量的挥发 性染料显著增加起始的色差值, 指示器变色速度比使用其它溶剂时大幅度变慢, 在 所有尝试过的溶剂中变色速度最慢。 实施例 6:
挥发性染料印刷过程中, 添加适当的助剂可以适当的调制指示器的变色速度及 其温度效应。 图 11是参考实施例 1的方法, 在染料 A的有机溶液中添加适量的粘结剂 EC (即乙基纤维素), 制作的指示器在 80nC下色差变化与时间的关系。 结果表明, 添 加粘结剂 (图中 EC所示曲线)后, 指示器到达终点所需的时间是没有添加粘结剂 (图中 none所示曲线)的指示器的约 3.5倍。 以色差 AE*ab =10作为变色的终点, 可以求得该 指示器在不同温度下的变色时间和速度, 再由 Arrhenius 方程可以推导出添加粘结 剂后指示器的变化过程对应的活化能分别为 67 kJ/mol, 与没有添加粘结剂的指示器 相比, 也发生了很大变化。 实施例 7:
通过选用不同的吸附材料可以调控时间 -温度指示器的变色速度及其温度效应。 图 12是参考实施例 1的方法, 以染料 B为挥发性染料, 选用三种不同的吸附材料 (图中 材料 1、 2、 3分别是市售不干胶纸、 市售水性不干胶涂覆 A4纸、 市售油性不干胶涂覆 A4纸)制作时间-温度指示器, 在相同温度环境下指示器的指示功能层色差随时间的 变化速度呈现显著的不同。
从上述的实例可见, 本发明人令人意外地发现, 利用物质的挥发性质, 通过挥 发一吸附过程实现颜色变化, 可以非常简单、 有效地指示所监测的产品是否可能因 受热过度而变质或失效。 通过筛选挥发速度及其活化能合适的挥发性染料或其他挥 发性材料, 必要时制成含有助剂的材料配方, 可以制作充分反映所指示产品热稳定 性能的个性化时间-温度指示器。 通过在指示器的上方制作一层能有效吸附热敏材料 的吸附功能层, 并使指示器的指示功能层和吸附功能层有效密封, 可以避免材料挥 发后污染产品及其包装, 同时保护指示器的功能部位不受外界污染。 进一步地, 利 用吸附层人为设定热敏材料挥发后的扩散过程, 即变为吸附层的吸附过程, 从而有 效降低热敏材料表观挥发速度受产品储运环境中非温度因素的影响, 提高产品使用 的准确性。 更进一步地, 将指示器设计成两个功能部分分别制作、 密封储存, 在将 指示器粘贴到产品容器或包装表面时再进行组合, 可以实现指示器在室温下储存和 运输。
上述示例性的描述和示例性实施例对本发明的保护范围不构成任何限制。 凡采 用等同变换或者等效替换而形成的技术方案, 或者使用不同的工艺或配方, 按照本 发明的技术方案或构想制备的时间-温度指示器, 均落在本发明权利保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种用于监测热敏感物品的品质状态的时间-温度指示器, 其包括在使用之 前物理上呈相互独立的指示功能层和吸附功能层两个叠层部分, 其中:
所述指示功能层包括:
第一衬底材料层;
挥发性染料层, 其涂覆于第一衬底材料层的一侧, 所述挥发性染料层的 挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值在 预定范围内; 和
第一离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述挥发性染料层上, 其中所述衬底材料层和 第一离型膜层的尺寸大于所述挥发性染料层并且将所述挥发性染料层密 封在所述衬底材料层和第一离型膜层之间;
所述吸附功能层包括:
第二衬底材料层;
吸附材料层, 其涂渍于第二衬底材料层的一侧, 其中所述吸附材料层的 尺寸大于挥发性染料层的尺寸;
不干胶层, 其涂渍于所述衬底材料层上并环绕在所述吸附材料层的外 围; 和
第二离型膜层, 其覆盖在所述不干胶层以及吸附材料层上。
2. 权利要求 1 的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述第一衬底材料层具有一个或多个 透明的区域或者第一衬底材料层本身是透明的。
3. 权利要求 2 的时间-温度指示器, 其中, 在使用时, 剥离第一离型膜层和第 二离型膜层, 将吸附材料层对准指示功能层的挥发性染料层, 使吸附功能层覆盖整 个指示功能层, 将吸附材料层和挥发性染料层封闭在所述第一衬底材料层和第二衬 底材料层之间; 将第二衬底材料层贴覆在所述热敏感物品上。
4. 权利要求 1 的时间-温度指示器, 其中, 在使用时, 剥离第一离型膜层和第 二离型膜层, 将吸附材料层对准指示功能层的挥发性染料层, 使吸附功能层覆盖整 个指示功能层, 并将吸附材料层和挥发性材料层封闭在所述第一衬底材料和第二衬 底材料之间; 将所述第一衬底材料层贴覆在所述热敏感物品上。
5. 权利要求 1 - 4的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其还包含与所述指示功能层 和所述吸附功能层独立的参考颜色标签, 所述参考颜色标签的颜色深度与所述挥发 性染料层经历与所述热敏感物品失效处置相同的过程后的颜色深度相同。
6. 权利要求 1 - 4 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中, 所述指示功能层还包 括参考颜色标签, 所述参考颜色标签与所述挥发性染料层相邻布置在所述衬底材料 层上, 所述参考颜色标签的颜色深度与所述挥发性染料层经历与所述热敏感物品失 效处置相同的过程后的颜色深度相同。
7. 权利要求 1 - 4的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述指示功能层的衬底 材料层本身作为参考颜色标签, 其颜色深度与所述挥发性染料层经历与所述热敏感 物品失效处置相同的过程后的颜色深度相同。
8. 权利要求 1 - 7 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述热敏感物品选自疫 苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。
9. 权利要求 1 - 8 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料的挥发 过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值在 ±10 kj/mol 范围 内。
10. 权利要求 9的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的活化 能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值在 ±5 kj/mol范围内。
11. 权利要求 1 - 10 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料层的 挥发过程的活化能为 60 - 140 kJ/mol。
12. 权利要求 1 - 11 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 80°C呈固态或液态。
13. 权利要求 12的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 50°C呈固 态。
14. 权利要求 1-13 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述挥发性染料层中的 挥发性染料选自偶氮类染料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I 化合物及其衍生物中的至少一种或 其组合, 其中式 I化合物具有如下
Figure imgf000041_0001
其中,
R1 选自氢、 卤素、 d-6直链或支链垸基、 d-6直链或支链垸氧基、 -C0R2、 - C00R2;
R2选自氢、 d-6直链或支链垸基、 d-6直链或支链垸基胺基。
15. 权利要求 1-14 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中所述的挥发性染料层中 还包括一种或多种挥发助剂和 /或溶剂, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易挥发化合物的一种 或多种:
直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 包括己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等;
直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 包括丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 包括马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等;
氨基酸, 包括氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 包括二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等; 所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙 醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或多种。
16. 权利要求 1-15 的任一项的时间-温度指示器, 其中, 所述吸附材料能够不 可逆地吸附从所述挥发性染料层中挥发出来的染料, 优选所述的吸附材料吸附挥发 性染料的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。
17. 权利要求 1 - 16 的时间-温度指示器, 其中在使用所述热敏感物品前, 剥 离吸附材料层, 用色差计测量所述挥发性染料层的色差, 根据该色差确定热敏感物 品是否已经失效。
18. 权利要求 1 - 17 的时间-温度指示器, 其中在使用所述热敏感物品前, 剥 离吸附材料层, 目测观察所述挥发性染料层的颜色, 如果该颜色比所述参考颜色标 签的颜色深, 则所述热敏感物品尚未失效; 如果该颜色比所述参考颜色标签的颜色 浅, 则表明所述热敏感物品已经失效。
19. 权利要求 1 - 18的时间-温度指示器, 其中在使用时, 在所述挥发性染料 层和所述吸附材料层之间还包括隔离层, 所述隔离层在组合前位于挥发性染料层与 第一离型膜之间或者位于吸附材料层与第二离型膜之间。
20. 一种使用权利要求 1 - 19的任一项的时间-温度指示器的热敏感物品。
21. 一种制备用于监测热敏感物品品质状态的时间-温度指示器的方法, 其包括 以下步骤:
提供第一衬底材料;
在第一衬底材料的一侧上涂覆挥发性染料, 形成挥发性染料层, 所述挥发性染 料层的挥发过程的活化能与所述热敏感物品品质变化过程的活化能的差值在预定范 围内;
在所述挥发性染料层上覆盖第一离型膜, 从而形成指示功能层; 以及
提供第二衬底材料;
在第二衬底材料的一侧上涂覆吸附材料, 形成吸附材料层;
其中所述吸附材料层的尺寸大于挥发性染料层的尺寸;
在第二衬底材料层上的所述吸附材料层的外围涂覆不干胶层; 和
在所述不干胶层和吸附材料层上覆盖第二离型膜, 将所述吸附材料层封闭在所 述第二衬底材料和第二离型膜之间, 从而形成吸附功能层。
22. 权利要求 21 的方法, 其进一步包括在涂覆挥发性染料后, 在挥发性染料层 附近涂覆参考颜色层的步骤, 所述参考颜色层用非挥发性染料制成, 并且其颜色深 度与所述挥发性染料层经历与所述热敏感物品失效处置相同的过程后的颜色深度相 同。
23. 权利要求 21 或 22 的方法, 其进一步包括用非挥发性染料制成单独的参考 颜色标签的步骤。
24. 权利要求 21 - 23的任一项的方法, 其中所述热敏感物品选自疫苗、 生物 制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。
25. 权利要求 21 - 24 的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料的挥发过程的活 化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值小于 ±10 kJ/mol。
26. 权利要求 21 - 25的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的 活化能与所述热敏感物品的品质变化过程的活化能的差值小于 ±5 kJ/mol。
27. 权利要求 21 - 26 的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料层的挥发过程的 活化能为 60 - 140 kJ/mol。
28. 权利要求 21 - 27的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 80°C呈 固态或液态。
29. 权利要求 28的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料层在 0 - 50°C呈固态。
30. 权利要求 21 - 29 的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料层中的挥发性染 料选自偶氮类染料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I 化合物及其衍生物中的至少一种或其组合, 其中式 I化合物具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000044_0001
其中,
R1 选自氢、 卤素、 d-6直链或支链垸基、 d-6直链或支链垸氧基、 -C0R2、 - C00R2;
R2选自氢、 d-6直链或支链垸基、 d-6直链或支链垸基胺基。
31. 权利要求 21 - 30 的任一项的方法, 其中所述的挥发性染料层中还包括一 种或多种挥发助剂和 /或溶剂, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易挥发化合物的一种或多种: 直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 包括己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等;
直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 包括丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 包括马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等;
氨基酸, 包括氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 包括二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等;
所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙 醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或多种。
32. 权利要求 21 - 31 的任一项的方法, 其中所述的吸附材料吸附挥发性染料 的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。
33.—种监测热敏感物品的品质状态的方法, 包括以下步骤:
提供热敏感物品, 所述热敏感物品在其期望处置的温度 T1下经过时间 tl 后失 效或变质;
在所述热敏感物品上的一个或多个区域上附着:
挥发性染料层, 所述挥发性染料层的初始色差为 CO, 在温度 T1下经过时间 tl 后的终点色差为 C1 ;
吸附材料层, 所述吸附材料不可逆吸收所述挥发性染料层挥发出来的染料; 密封膜层, 所述密封膜尺寸大于所述吸附材料层和所述挥发性染料层的尺寸, 将所述吸附材料层和挥发性染料层密封附着于所述热敏感物品上;
将附着密封膜后的热敏感物品经过实际处置;
观察或测定经过实际处置后的挥发性染料层中的实际色差 C2;
比较挥发性染料的实际色差 C2和所述终点色差 C1 , 如果所述染料层的实际 C2 大于所述终点色差 Cl, 则表明所述热敏感物品仍然有效或未变质; 如果所述挥发性 染料层的实际色差 C2 小于或等于所述终点色差 C1 , 则表明所述热敏感物品已经失 效或变质。
34. 权利要求 33的方法, 其中, 先附着所述吸附材料层, 然后附着所述挥发性 染料层, 并且所述密封膜层具有一个或多个透明区域或者所述密封膜层本身是透明 的。
35. 权利要求 33的方法, 其中, 先附着所述挥发性染料层, 然后附着所述吸附 材料层, 并在观察或测定所述实际色差之前将吸附材料层与所述挥发性染料层剥 离。
36. 权利要求 33 - 35的任一项的方法, 其中所述比较挥发性染料层的实际色 差和所述终点色差通过目测观察进行或者通过测定挥发性染料层的色差 AE*ab进行。
37. 权利要求 33 - 35的任一项的方法, 其中在通过目测观察进行比较时, 用 非挥发性染料或颜料制备具有所述终点色差的参考颜色标签, 所述参考颜色标签可 以附着在所述热敏感物品上或者单独放置。
38. 权利要求 37 的方法, 其中所述参考颜色标签布置在所述挥发性染料层附 近。
39. 权利要求 33 - 38 的任一项的方法, 其中所述的热敏感物品是选自疫苗、 生物制品、 生物活性样品、 药品、 食品或饮品。
40. 权利要求 33 - 39 的任一项的方法, 其中所述挥发性染料选自偶氮类染 料、 蒽醌类染料、 式 I化合物及其衍生物中的至少一种或其组合, 其中式 I化合物 具有如下通式:
Figure imgf000046_0001
其中,
R1选自氢、 卤素、 d—6直链或支链垸基、 d—6直链或支链醇、 -C0R2、 -C00R2; R2选自氢、 d-6直链或支链垸基、 d-6直链或支链垸基胺基。
41. 权利要求 33 - 40的任一项的方法, 其中所述的挥发性染料层中还包括一 种或多种挥发助剂和 /或溶剂, 所述挥发助剂选自以下易挥发化合物中的至少一种或 其组合:
直链垸烃、 支链垸烃、 环垸烃或芳香烃, 包括己垸、 庚垸、 辛垸或其异构体、 环己垸、 环庚垸、 环戊垸、 萘、 蒽等;
直链或支链或芳香或环醇, 包括丁四醇、 月桂醇、 十三醇、 十四醇、 十五醇、 软脂醇、 十七醇、 硬脂醇等;
直链或支链或芳香或环链羧酸, 包括马来酸、 富马酸、 月桂酸、 十三垸酸、 豆 蔻酸、 十五垸酸、 棕榈酸、 肥酸、 癸二酸、 十二垸二酸等; 氨基酸, 包括氨基苯甲酸、 亮氨酸、 苯丙氨酸等;
酯;
砜, 包括二苯基砜、 二苯基二砜、 二苄基砜、 二丁基砜等;
以及各种易挥发天然物质, 包括萘、 樟脑等;
所述溶剂选自水、 己垸、 环己垸、 四氢呋喃、 苯、 二甲苯、 甲醇、 乙醇、 异丙 醇、 2-丁醇、 丙酮、 二乙醚、 乙酸甲酯、 乙酸乙酯、 四氯化碳、 氯仿、 二氯甲垸、 和二氯乙垸中的一种或多种。
42. 权利要求 33 - 41 的任一项的方法, 其中所述的吸附材料吸附挥发性染料 的速度远大于挥发性染料的挥发速度。
43. 权利要求 33 - 42 的任一项的方法, 还包括在附着所述挥发性染料层之 前, 在所述热敏物品上附着衬底材料层的步骤。
44. 权利要求 43的方法, 其中所述衬底材料层本身可以是参考颜色标签。
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BR112013033371B1 (pt) 2020-10-06
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US20140119402A1 (en) 2014-05-01
EP2728328A4 (en) 2015-04-01
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