WO2012171415A1 - 一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法 - Google Patents

一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171415A1
WO2012171415A1 PCT/CN2012/074329 CN2012074329W WO2012171415A1 WO 2012171415 A1 WO2012171415 A1 WO 2012171415A1 CN 2012074329 W CN2012074329 W CN 2012074329W WO 2012171415 A1 WO2012171415 A1 WO 2012171415A1
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Prior art keywords
engine
excavator
pressure value
pressure
reducing
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PCT/CN2012/074329
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English (en)
French (fr)
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梁亚
翟学农
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湖南三一智能控制设备有限公司
三一重机有限公司
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Publication of WO2012171415A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171415A1/zh

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/22Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
    • E02F9/2246Control of prime movers, e.g. depending on the hydraulic load of work tools
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/20Drives; Control devices
    • E02F9/2058Electric or electro-mechanical or mechanical control devices of vehicle sub-units
    • E02F9/2062Control of propulsion units
    • E02F9/2066Control of propulsion units of the type combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Chinese patent application for reducing the fuel consumption of an excavator engine.
  • the application is filed on June 14, 2011, the Chinese Patent Office, the application number is 201110158630.8, and the invention is entitled "A method for controlling the fuel consumption of an excavator engine”.
  • Priority is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic excavator control, in particular to a control method for reducing the fuel consumption of an excavator engine.
  • excavators In the daily construction process construction, excavators, as a common construction machinery, are widely used in foundation excavation and post-construction cleaning of urban buildings, urban pipeline laying, farmland water conservancy construction, etc., with flexible construction and efficiency. High advantage.
  • the so-called excavator is mainly referred to as a hydraulic excavator in modern times. It is generally composed of a working device, a slewing device, a cab, a traveling device and a control device.
  • the device acts by the power mechanism of the excavator, and the power mechanism of the excavator is mainly It consists of an engine and a hydraulic pump.
  • the engine drives the hydraulic pump to rotate.
  • the pressure oil at the outlet of the hydraulic pump is distributed to each working device through the working valve core, and the low-pressure oil after the pressure oil works is returned to the hydraulic oil tank.
  • the hydraulic system of the hydraulic excavator can be divided into a quantitative pump and a variable pump from the form of a hydraulic pump.
  • the engine maintains a constant speed to provide hydraulic pressure to the system for the excavator to work externally, the hydraulic pump
  • the resulting flow is proportional to the engine speed, and the system pressure is proportional to the square of the speed.
  • the current problem of matching the engine speed of the quantitative pump excavator with the demand flow and pressure during the work is mainly solved by cultivating the skill of the excavator operator and selecting the appropriate engine speed by virtue of his personal operation experience, so the excavator operation
  • the experience of the hand is different, and the fuel consumption of the excavator is also different.
  • the hydraulic flow required by each stage is different.
  • the demand for system pressure and flow increases, when the excavator performs a single action or unloading.
  • Light load At the time of the process, the demand for system pressure and flow is reduced. If the engine maintains a constant speed during this series of processes, there is bound to be some energy that is wasted due to insufficient load.
  • This kind of selection of the engine's working speed through the use of human experience is unscientific, not practical, and is not suitable for promotion.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a control method for reducing the fuel consumption of an excavator engine, which can maintain the constant pressure of the hydraulic system of the quantitative pump excavator, and automatically adjust the speed of the engine with the change of the load, according to the excavator.
  • the working load automatically controls the output power of the hydraulic pump so that the output power of the hydraulic pump matches the actual working demand power of the excavator.
  • a control method for reducing engine fuel consumption of an excavator engine wherein:
  • the hydraulic pressure value P of the system is detected in real time by the pressure sensor of the main pump of the system, and is transmitted to the system controller;
  • the system controller calculates the difference between the system hydraulic pressure value P and the set relief pressure value P0, and calculates the system pressure change rate ⁇ ⁇ by differential calculation;
  • the engine speed is adjusted by the system controller to ensure that the system pressure is maintained near the relief pressure value, thereby reducing the overflow flow and reducing the fuel consumption of the engine.
  • the above control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine wherein the method further includes:
  • the system controller will issue a speed limit warning to alert the operator to increase the engine speed limit upper limit.
  • the above control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine wherein the system controller issues a speed limited warning through the display screen and the display.
  • the above control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine wherein, when the excavator works externally, the flow demand increases, and the system pressure drops, the system controller issues an acceleration control command to the throttle of the engine, prompting the engine to accelerate, and supplementing the system drain Traffic, recovering the pressure of loss;
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are: 1. Since the excavator is in a working condition, the system pressure has reached a constant value, the engine is running at a low speed, and the flow is reduced to maintain the pressure state, thereby greatly reducing the fuel consumption of the engine and saving energy, compared with the conventional control mode.
  • the engine can work at a constant speed, which can save 5 ⁇ 10% of fuel, and because the excavator engine runs at full speed, it can promote the engine life and reduce the failure rate.
  • the excavator will automatically adjust the engine speed according to the change of the working load to meet the needs of the work. There is no need for manual operation in the control process, saving a lot of manpower;
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for controlling a fuel consumption of an excavator engine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of a control method for reducing fuel consumption of an excavator engine according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a control method for reducing fuel consumption of an excavator engine according to the present invention. flow chart.
  • the control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine is realized on the basis of the power mechanism and the control device of the existing hydraulic excavator, and the power mechanism specifically includes the engine 1 and the main pump 2, and the engine 1 drives The main pump 2 is rotated, and the control device, that is, the system controller CPU3, the CPU3 is connected to the engine 1 via the rotational speed sensor 4 and the throttle 5, respectively, and the CPU 3 is also connected to the hydraulic pump 2 via the pressure sensor 6.
  • the control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine of the present invention specifically includes: setting an overflow pressure value P0; detecting the hydraulic pressure value P of the system in real time through the pressure sensor 6 of the system main pump 2, and It is transmitted to the system controller 3; the system controller 3 calculates the difference between the system hydraulic pressure value P and the set relief pressure value P0, and calculates the system pressure by differential calculation.
  • the speed of the engine 1 is adjusted by the system controller 3 to ensure that the system pressure is maintained near the overflow pressure value, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the overflow flow rate and reducing the fuel consumption of the engine.
  • the engine 1 speed of the dosing pump excavator changes with the load.
  • the system controller 3 issues an acceleration control command to the throttle 5 of the engine 1 to promote the engine. 1 Accelerate operation, replenish the lost flow of the system, and recover the lost pressure;
  • the system controller 3 issues a deceleration control command to the throttle 5 of the engine 1. , causing the engine 1 to rapidly decelerate, reducing the output flow of the main pump 2, and reducing the system pressure to near the overflow pressure value.
  • the system pressure can not be reduced to the specified pressure value or the engine 1 has reached the artificially set maximum speed, and the specified pressure value cannot be reached. 3, the corresponding alarm message is sent, the operator is required to check or change some parameters to restore the system pressure.
  • an overflow pressure value ⁇ 0 is set, and the engine speed is set to ⁇ 0 when the engine speed is ⁇ 0.
  • the actual engine speed Na to determine whether Na is greater than 0, if it is, continue to determine whether the system pressure P is less than P0, then the controller accelerates the engine, after the engine acceleration is confirmed, the engine speed Na is compared with NO, as long as Na ⁇ N0 accelerates the engine until the same condition begins to judge the system pressure value P; if the system pressure value P is greater than P0, the engine decelerates to run until the P is the same as P 0 and then maintains the engine speed Na, if the engine slows down to or After the engine is at the minimum idle speed value N, the system pressure cannot be reduced to the specified pressure value or the engine has reached the artificially set maximum speed. The specified pressure value cannot be reached and the fault is processed.
  • control method for reducing the fuel consumption of the excavator engine can automatically control the output power of the hydraulic pump according to the working load of the excavator, so that the output power of the hydraulic pump matches the actual working demand power of the excavator, and the fuel consumption of the engine is reduced. , saving energy.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Operation Control Of Excavators (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法,包括:设定溢流压力值P0;通过系统主泵(2)的压力传感器(6)实时检测出系统的液压压力值P,并将其传送给系统控制器(3);系统控制器(3)计算得出系统液压压力值P与设定的溢流压力值P0之间的差值,并经微分计算得出系统压力变化率ΔΡ;由系统控制器(3)对发动机(1)的转速进行调节,确保系统压力维持在溢流压力值P0附近,从而达到减少溢流流量,降低发动机油耗的目的。该降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法可根据挖掘机工作负荷,自动控制液压泵的输出功率,使液压泵输出功率与挖掘机实际工作需求功率相匹配,降低了发动机的油耗,节约了能源。

Description

一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法 本申请要求于 2011 年 06 月 14 日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 201110158630.8、 发明名称为"一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法"的 中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及液压挖掘机控制技术领域, 尤其涉及一种降低挖掘机发动 机油耗的控制方法。
背景技术
在日常的建筑过程施工生产中, 挖掘机作为一种常用的工程机械, 被 广泛应用于房屋建筑的地基开挖及完工后的清理、 城市管道铺设、 农田水 利建设等场合, 具有施工灵活、 效率高的优点。 所谓挖掘机在现代主要是 指液压挖掘机, 一般由工作装置、 回转装置、 驾驶室、 行走装置和控制装 置等部分组成, 上述装置动作由挖掘机的动力机构提供动力, 挖掘机的动 力机构主要由发动机和液压泵组成, 发动机带动液压泵旋转, 液压泵出口 的压力油通过工作阀芯分配给各个工作装置, 压力油做功后的低压油回到 液压油箱。
液压挖掘机的液压系统从液压泵的形式来分可以分成定量泵和变量 泵, 定量泵的挖掘机在正常工作过程中, 发动机维持恒定转速向系统提供 液压压力以供挖掘机对外做功, 液压泵产生的流量正比于发动机转速, 而 系统压力正比于转速的平方。 因此, 如果发动机运转速度过高, 而挖机工 作时负荷又不足,势必有相当大一部分液压油经溢流回路流回液压油箱中, 造成发动机产生多余无用功; 如果发动机转速过低, 而挖掘机满负荷工作 时, 液压泵因转速过低, 又无法向系统提供足够的流量和压力, 致使挖掘 机工作效率下降。 鉴于上述状况, 目前解决定量泵挖掘机发动机转速与工 作时需求流量与压力的匹配问题, 主要是通过培养挖掘机操作者的技能, 凭借其个人操作经验, 来选择合适发动机转速, 所以挖掘机操作手的经验 不同, 挖掘机的油耗也有所不同。 实际上, 挖掘机在整个工作过程中, 各 个阶段需求的液压流量是不一样的,当挖掘机进行复合动作或负重工作时, 对系统压力及流量需求量增加, 当挖掘机进行单一动作或卸载等轻负荷动 作时, 对系统压力及流量需求量减小, 如果在这一系列过程中发动机维持 恒定转速, 势必存在一部分能量因负荷不足而浪费掉。 这种通过借助人为 经验来选择发动机的工作转速, 不科学, 也不实用, 更不适合推广使用。
发明内容
针对上述存在的问题, 本发明的目的是提供一种降低挖掘机发动机油 耗的控制方法, 可以维持定量泵挖掘机液压系统压力恒定, 使发动机的转 速随负荷的变化而自动调节, 可根据挖掘机工作负荷, 自动控制液压泵的 输出功率, 使得液压泵输出功率与挖掘机实际工作需求功率相匹配。
本发明的目的是通过下述技术方案实现的:
一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法, 其中, 包括:
设定一溢流压力值 P0;
通过系统主泵的压力传感器实时检测出系统的液压压力值 P, 并将其 传送给系统控制器;
系统控制器计算得出系统液压压力值 P与设定的溢流压力值 P0间的 差值, 并经微分计算得出系统压力变化率 Δ Ρ;
由系统控制器对发动机的转速进行调节, 确保系统压力维持在溢流压 力值附近, 从而达到减少溢流流量, 降低发动机油耗的目的。
上述降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法, 其中, 还包括:
如果经发送修正数据 Δ Ρ后,发动机的转速达到人为设定的上限值时, 系统控制器将发出转速受限警告,提醒操作者提高发动机转速受限上限值。
上述降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法, 其中, 系统控制器通过显示 屏及喇八发出转速受限警告。
上述降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法, 其中, 当挖掘机对外工作, 流量需求量增大, 系统压力有下降时, 系统控制器向发动机的油门发出加 速控制指令, 促使发动机加速运转, 补充系统流失的流量, 恢复损失的压 力;
当挖掘机工作负荷减小,动作减慢或停止工作时, 系统压力瞬间上升, 系统控制器向发动机的油门发出减速控制指令,促使发动机迅速减速运转, 降低液压油泵的输出流量, 使系统压力降低至溢流压力值附近。
与已有技术相比, 本发明的有益效果在于: 1、 由于挖掘机在不工作的状况下, 系统压力已达到恒定值, 发动机处 于低速运转, 减小流量进行保压状态, 从而大大降低了发动机的油耗, 节 约了能源,相比传统控制方式中的发动机恒速工作,可以节约燃油 5~10% , 并且由于挖掘机发动机非全时高速运转, 对于延长发动机寿命, 降低其故 障率有一定的促进作用;
2、挖掘机将根据工作负荷的变化, 自动调节发动机的转速, 以满足工 作的需求, 该控制过程中无须人工操作, 节省大量人力;
3、 由于挖掘机在不工作时, 仅维持系统压力, 转速很低, 故而解决了 以往发动机不工作时的高速旋转而冒黑烟的问题,降低了挖掘机的故障率; 4、 由于发动机的转速是根据外界工作负荷的变化而自动调节,所以对 每个档位的转速没有实际意义的需求规定, 因此, 可以取消发动机转速的 标定工作, 降低调试时间, 缩短挖掘机的生产节拍, 提高挖掘机的生产效 率;
5、 由于挖掘机系统工作压力基本上不会高出溢流压力设定值,故此溢 流回路的流量微乎其微, 液压油温上升得到緩解。
附图说明
图 1是本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法的系统结构示意图; 图 2是本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法的流程示意框图; 图 3是本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合原理图和具体操作实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
如图 1所示, 本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法就是在现有的 液压挖掘机的动力机构和控制装置的基础上实现的, 动力机构具体包括发 动机 1和主泵 2,发动机 1带动主泵 2旋转,控制装置即系统控制器 CPU3 , CPU3分别通过转速传感器 4、 油门 5与发动机 1连接, CPU3还通过压力 传感器 6与液压泵 2连接。
如图 2所示, 本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法具体包括: 设 定一溢流压力值 P0;通过系统主泵 2的压力传感器 6实时检测出系统的液 压压力值 P,并将其传送给系统控制器 3; 系统控制器 3计算得出系统液压 压力值 P与设定的溢流压力值 P0间的差值, 并经微分计算得出系统压力 变化率 ΔΡ; 由系统控制器 3对发动机 1的转速进行调节,确保系统压力维 持在溢流压力值附近, 从而达到减少溢流流量, 降低发动机油耗的目的。 定量泵挖掘机的发动机 1转速随负载的变化而变化, 当挖掘机对外工作, 流量需求量增大, 系统压力有下降时, 系统控制器 3向发动机 1的油门 5 发出加速控制指令, 促使发动机 1加速运转, 补充系统流失的流量, 恢复 损失的压力; 当挖掘机工作负荷减小, 动作减慢或停止工作时, 系统压力 瞬间上升, 系统控制器 3向发动机 1的油门 5发出减速控制指令, 促使发 动机 1迅速减速运转, 降低主泵 2的输出流量, 使系统压力降低至溢流压 力值附近。 在此工作期间, 如果发动机 1工作速度低于或等于发动机最小 怠速值, 系统压力仍无法降低至指定压力值或发动机 1 已经达到人为设定 的最高转速,仍无法达到指定压力值要求,控制器 3则发出相应报警信息, 要求操作者进行检查或改变某些参数以恢复系统压力。
具体地, 如图 3 所示, 设定一溢流压力值 Ρ0, 并设定系统压力值为 Ρ0时发动机的转速为 Ν0。 从发动机开始运转, 发动机的实际转速 Na, 判 断 Na是否大于 0, 是的话继续判断系统压力 P是否小于 P0, 是的话控制 器让发动机加速, 发动机加速确认后将发动机转速 Na与 NO作比较, 只要 Na<N0就使得发动机加速, 直至相同便开始判断系统压力值 P; 系统压力 值 P如果大于 P0, 发动机减速运转, 直至 P与 P 0相同后维持发动机转速 Na,假如发动机降速至低于或等于发动机最小怠速值 N后系统压力仍无法 降低至指定压力值或发动机已经达到人为设定的最高转速, 仍无法达到指 定压力值要求, 转至故障处理。
综上所述, 本发明降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法可根据挖掘机工 作负荷, 自动控制液压泵的输出功率, 使得液压泵输出功率与挖掘机实际 工作需求功率相匹配, 降低了发动机的油耗, 节约了能源。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了详细描述, 但本发明并不限制于以 上描述的具体实施例, 其只是作为范例。 对于本领域技术人员而言, 任何 对该降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法进行的等同修改和替代也都在本发 明的范畴之中。 因此, 在不脱离本发明的精神和范围下所作出的均等变换 和修改, 都应涵盖在本发明的范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法, 其特征在于, 包括: 设定一溢流压力值 P0;
通过系统主泵的压力传感器实时检测出系统的液压压力值 P, 并将其 传送给系统控制器;
系统控制器计算得出系统液压压力值 P与设定的溢流压力值 P0间的 差值, 并经微分计算得出系统压力变化率 ΔΡ;
由系统控制器对发动机的转速进行调节, 确保系统压力维持在溢流压 力值附近, 从而达到减少溢流流量, 降低发动机油耗的目的。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法,其特征 在于, 还包括:
如果经发送修正数据 ΔΡ后,发动机的转速达到人为设定的上限值时, 系统控制器将发出转速受限警告,提醒操作者提高发动机转速受限上限值。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法,其特征 在于, 系统控制器通过显示屏及喇八发出转速受限警告。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的降低挖掘机发动机油耗的控制方法,其特征 在于,
当挖掘机对外工作, 流量需求量增大, 系统压力有下降时, 系统控制 器向发动机的油门发出加速控制指令, 促使发动机加速运转, 补充系统流 失的流量, 恢复损失的压力;
当挖掘机工作负荷减小,动作减慢或停止工作时, 系统压力瞬间上升, 系统控制器向发动机的油门发出减速控制指令,促使发动机迅速减速运转, 降低液压油泵的输出流量, 使系统压力降低至溢流压力值附近。
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