WO2012171338A1 - 一种锻压装置 - Google Patents

一种锻压装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012171338A1
WO2012171338A1 PCT/CN2012/070049 CN2012070049W WO2012171338A1 WO 2012171338 A1 WO2012171338 A1 WO 2012171338A1 CN 2012070049 W CN2012070049 W CN 2012070049W WO 2012171338 A1 WO2012171338 A1 WO 2012171338A1
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Prior art keywords
sleeve
screw
nut
pressing
forging
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PCT/CN2012/070049
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
劳光汉
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成都快典科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012171338A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012171338A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/10—Drives for forging presses
    • B21J9/12—Drives for forging presses operated by hydraulic or liquid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J9/00—Forging presses
    • B21J9/02—Special design or construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/18—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by screw means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a forging device.
  • the forging device is the basic tool for forging pressure processing.
  • Conventional forging presses in the prior art include mechanical forging devices, hydraulic machines, and the like.
  • the mechanical forging device usually uses a crank-link mechanism to drive the forging hammer, and converts the rotary motion into a reciprocating motion of the forging hammer to realize forging; the hydraulic machine drives the movable beam and the punch through hydraulic transmission to realize free forging of the forging blank Or die forging.
  • the above two common forging devices are complicated in size, resulting in a large volume, high cost, and difficult enterprise equipment.
  • the power point of the hydraulic machine is a pressure cylinder, which is driven by the high-pressure medium after entering the pressure cylinder, and the power of the moving movable beam is also moved by the lower pressure oil, so the activity The beam becomes part of the working part of the forging work.
  • a large-flow flushing system must be provided, although the moving speed is still limited.
  • Most of the hydraulic machines currently in use are two-cylinder return structures. During work, the structure of the two-cylinder return stroke often has synchronization obstacles, which causes the master cylinder to fail to work at a predetermined frequency, especially in the case of high frequency, which is likely to cause rapid wear of the mechanical parts and even jamming of the movement.
  • the setting of the double cylinder can only be set far away from the master cylinder.
  • the return cylinder is hung under the upper beam and connected with the movable beam.
  • the return cylinder is also Simultaneous movement, when the work is completed, pulled back by the two return cylinders, the return cylinder must be set two, one on the left and the other on the right side of the movable beam, making the structure very complicated.
  • the forging device currently used, in the rapid forging, the conventional operation is to use the reciprocating operation of the master cylinder and the return cylinder all, which causes great vibration of the press, which is not conducive to controlling the quality of the forging.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple structure, convenient operation, high structural strength, high reaction speed, high production efficiency, small vibration, strong anti-offset capability, good lubrication effect, and manufacturing and assembly. It is extremely convenient for maintenance and has a wide range of applications and low cost forging devices.
  • a forging device comprising a master cylinder and a screw mechanism, wherein the screw mechanism is connected to the master cylinder.
  • the forging device can provide greater forging pressure without increasing the volume of the device.
  • the forging device of the present invention further includes a driving device that drives the master cylinder through the screw mechanism.
  • the driving device comprises a motor, the motor is connected to the flywheel and drives the flywheel, and the flywheel drives the screw mechanism to rotate.
  • the forging device of the present invention further comprises an upper beam, a lower beam and a column, and the lower beam is fixedly connected to the lower end of the column, and the upper beam is disposed at an upper end of the column.
  • the screw mechanism includes a nut guiding sleeve, a pressing screw and a pressing nut sleeve.
  • the nut guiding sleeve is fixedly disposed in the upper beam, the pressing screw is fixedly connected with the flywheel, and the rotating screw rotates, the pressing screw Nested in the nut guide sleeve, and the pressing screw can be rotated relative to the nut guiding sleeve, the pressing screw is externally fitted with a pressing nut sleeve, the pressing nut sleeve is sleeved in the nut guiding sleeve, and the pressing nut sleeve is pressed
  • the lower end is connected to the main hydraulic cylinder and the return cylinder.
  • the lower end of the column is fixed on the lower beam, and the upper beam is disposed at the upper end of the column, so that the upper beam, the lower beam and the column form a high rigidity frame through the pretensioning device, and can withstand the strong force. Shock shock.
  • the flywheel is directly driven by the motor and stores energy. The energy stored on the flywheel drives the screw mechanism to rotate relative to each other and is transmitted to the movable beam through the screw mechanism.
  • the main hydraulic cylinder of the movable beam presses the workpiece, which makes the structure more simple and cost. It is cheaper.
  • the screw is driven to rotate, because the nut guide sleeve is fixed with the upper beam, and the pressing screw and the pressing nut sleeve cooperate with each other, so that the rotation of the pressing screw drives the nut sleeve to move, thereby making the connection
  • the main and return cylinders at the lower end of the nut sleeve are moved downward. Due to the extremely fast rotation speed of the motor, the rotation speed of the flywheel and the downward movement speed of the main hydraulic cylinder and the return cylinder are extremely fast, which can form an instant and quick impact with the lower beam anvil, and can forge the workpiece and ensure the forging effect. good.
  • the spiral moving structure the structure of the main body is greatly simplified, the weight of the machine is reduced, and the large stroke of the main hydraulic cylinder is replaced by the pressing screw and the nut sleeve, forming a hollow structure and reducing the weight of the metal of the hollow portion.
  • the space vacated by the hollow part is precisely used as the lubrication and pipeline arrangement space of the oil pool. It is double-edged and removes the large-capacity flushing system, which simplifies the hydraulic system, reduces the cost and facilitates the promotion.
  • the driving device connects the master cylinder and the return cylinder through a screw mechanism, so that the workpiece can be forged quickly when forging the workpiece, and the master cylinder can impact the forged workpiece with the lower beam when the master cylinder and the return cylinder move downward. , need to be set on the lower beam
  • the anvil is used for forging with the main hydraulic cylinder. The reaction speed is fast, the production efficiency is high, the vibration is small, and the impact can be quickly returned after the impact to achieve re-pressing.
  • a plurality of supporting balls are disposed between the top end of the nut guiding sleeve and the flywheel, and a plurality of carrying balls are disposed between the upper end of the pressing screw and the nut guiding sleeve.
  • the pressing screw is screwed with the pressing nut sleeve, and a plurality of carrying balls are disposed between the pressing screw and the nut guiding sleeve.
  • a bearing roller is disposed outside the pressing screw, and a bearing sleeve is disposed on the bearing roller.
  • the bearing sleeve and the pressing screw are fixed by a key, and the step between the bearing sleeve and the nut guiding sleeve and the screw is pressed A support ball is disposed between the nut guide sleeve and the nut guide sleeve.
  • the nut guide sleeve can bear the weight of the flywheel by supporting the ball, and the nut guide sleeve and the flywheel can rotate relative to each other, and the bearing ball is pressed by the bearing ball to press the screw to the nut when the forging is generated. Forging force, and the relative rotation between the screw and the nut sleeve can be ensured to ensure the stability of the structure and stable operation.
  • a hydraulic cavity is formed between the master cylinder and the return cylinder, and the cylinder is provided with an in-cylinder sealing sleeve to divide the hydraulic cavity into two hydraulic chambers.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is installed in the middle of the movable beam, and the upper and lower activities are driven by the pressing device.
  • the high pressure pump pushes the main hydraulic cylinder to make the forged piece Plastic deformation occurs and forging can be repeated multiple times.
  • the hydraulic cylinder here comprises two parts, one as the main hydraulic cylinder and one as the return cylinder, and the return cylinder is arranged in the upper part of the main hydraulic cylinder.
  • the master cylinder plunger moves forward, the return cylinder is also moved forward.
  • the return cylinder performs the return stroke, and the reciprocating motion between the master cylinder plunger and the return cylinder is extremely extreme during the forging process.
  • the lower end of the screw mechanism is connected with a movable beam, and the movable beam is movable up and down along the column between the upper beam and the lower beam, and the master cylinder and the return cylinder are disposed on the movable beam. Bottom end. And: the upper beam, the column and the lower beam are fixedly connected by a prestressed bolt.
  • the lower end of the screw mechanism is connected with a movable beam, so that the movable beam driving device can drive the movable beam to move up and down, and the movable beam can move up and down along the column between the upper beam and the lower beam, when the movable beam moves down.
  • the main hydraulic cylinder can impact the forged workpiece with the lower beam, and the main hydraulic cylinder and the return cylinder can be buffered at the bottom of the movable beam, so that the forging workpiece can have a good buffering function, and can meet the requirements of rapid multiple forging.
  • the workpiece can be forged quickly, the reaction speed is fast, the production efficiency is high, the vibration is small, and the impact can be quickly returned after the impact to achieve re-pressing.
  • the frame pre-tightened by this method is particularly rigid, even to meet the requirements of infinite rigidity, and only to meet this requirement, can bear the impact vibration during forging.
  • the structure of the frame material can be greatly enhanced, and it can be made of casting parts or structural parts.
  • the prestressed structure frame makes the manufacture, transportation and lifting very convenient.
  • the number of the motors may be plural, and is disposed around the flywheel in the manner of a planetary wheel.
  • the forging device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high structural rigidity, and can easily forge metal workpieces.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a forging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the forging apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • Fig. 3 is a structural schematic view of a forging apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the forging apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • Embodiment 1 is as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2
  • the forging device of the present invention comprises an upper beam 2, a lower beam 18 and at least one column 1.
  • a plurality of columns 1 are generally used for fixing.
  • two columns 1 are used, and the column 1 is used.
  • the lower end is fixed on the lower beam 18, the upper beam 2 is disposed on the upper end of the column 1 to form a frame, and the upper beam 2, the lower beam 18 and the column 1 are fixedly connected by a pre-stressed bolt 3 to form a frame, and the frame is adopted.
  • the hydraulic tensioner is used to complete the pre-tightening.
  • the rigidity of the frame pre-tightened by this method is particularly good, even reaching the requirement of infinite rigidity, and only when this requirement is met, the impact vibration during forging can be withstood.
  • the material structure of the frame can be greatly enhanced, and it can be made of casting parts or structural parts.
  • the prestressed structure frame makes it easy to manufacture, transport and lift.
  • a movable beam driving device is arranged on the upper beam 2, and the movable beam driving device comprises at least one motor 11. In the present embodiment, two motors 11 are used, and of course, one or more motors 11 can also be used for driving.
  • a pinion 10 is connected to the pinion 10, and the pinion 10 and the large gear 7 mesh with each other, and then the sun gear (ie, the flywheel 6) is driven by the gear shaft of the gear 7, and the flywheel 6 is used for storing energy, and the pinion 10 is used.
  • the large gear 7 and the flywheel 6 are both disposed inside the gear housing 9.
  • the motor 11 is connected to a bearing and a gear that cooperate with each other, and the motor 11 finally drives the sun gear to rotate.
  • the movable beam driving device is connected to the movable beam 17 by a screw mechanism, the screw mechanism includes a nut guiding sleeve 8, a pressing screw 12 and a pressing nut sleeve 13, and the nut guiding sleeve 8 is fixed in the upper beam 2,
  • the screw 12 is fixedly connected to the flywheel 6 and rotates together with the flywheel 6.
  • a clutch is disposed above or below the flywheel 6, and the clutch can prevent the forging device from repeatedly displacing the motor during the forging process. Play a role in energy saving.
  • a plurality of supporting balls 5 are disposed between the top end of the nut guiding sleeve 8 and the sun gear, and a plurality of carrying balls 4 are disposed between the upper end of the pressing screw 12 and the nut guiding sleeve 8
  • the screw 12 is sleeved in the nut guiding sleeve 8, and the pressing screw 12 is freely rotatable relative to the nut guiding sleeve 8.
  • the pressing screw 12 is externally fitted with a pressing nut sleeve 13, and the pressing nut sleeve 13 is sleeved on the nut guiding.
  • the lower end of the pressing nut sleeve 13 is fixedly connected with a movable beam 17 which is movable up and down along the column 1 between the upper beam 2 and the lower beam 18, the bottom of the movable beam 17
  • the end is provided with a bufferable main hydraulic cylinder 16, and the main hydraulic cylinder 16 is provided with a return cylinder 14, such that the main hydraulic cylinder 16 is fitted into the hydraulic cylinder to form a hydraulic cavity, and a return cylinder is disposed in the main hydraulic cylinder cavity.
  • the gasket 15 divides the cylinder cavity into two hydraulic chambers, causing the movable beam 17 to move downward, and after the master cylinder 16 collides with the lower beam 18, the two hydraulic chambers are buffered.
  • the forging device of the present invention has a completely different structure from the conventional press, and the forging device of the present invention overcomes the conventional method of flushing and is replaced by a spiral fast transmission method.
  • the pressing nut sleeve 13 is screwed together with the pressing screw 12, and can be moved up and down with the rotation of the pressing screw 12, and the end portion of the pressing screw 12 is combined with the transmission large gear (flywheel 6).
  • the motor 11 and the pinion 10 are driven to drive the screw 12, and it has been shown in Figs. 3 and 4 that the pressing screw 12 is composed of the carrying ball 4 and the supporting ball 5. Since the end bearing is fixed, the screw 12 is rotated at the origin to transmit power to the nut sleeve 13.
  • the hydraulic cylinder is installed in the middle of the movable beam 18, and the upper and lower activities are driven by the pressing device.
  • the high pressure pump pushes the piston to make the forged part plastically deform, and repeats forging.
  • the hydraulic cylinder portion here comprises two parts, one as the main hydraulic cylinder and one as the return cylinder for the return portion of the main hydraulic cylinder.
  • the upper part of the main hydraulic cylinder in the figure is equipped with a return cylinder. When the master cylinder moves forward, the return cylinder is also moved forward.
  • Embodiment 2 is similar to Embodiment 1, except that the movable cross member 18 is not installed in the embodiment, so that the lower end of the nut sleeve 13 is fixedly connected to the main hydraulic cylinder 16, There is only no guiding effect of the movable beam 18.
  • the motor 11 can be directly connected to the flywheel 6, directly driving the flywheel 6 to rotate, and the flywheel 6 drives The screw mechanism is rotated, and finally the main hydraulic cylinder 16 and the return cylinder 14 are moved up and down by pressing the nut sleeve 13, and the workpiece is forged.
  • Embodiment 3 mainly improves the transmission structure of the forging device:
  • the pressing screw 12 is externally fitted with a nut guiding sleeve 8 and a pressing nut sleeve 13 .
  • the pressing screw 12 is screwed between the pressing nut sleeve 13 and the nut guiding sleeve 8 .
  • a bearing sleeve 19 is disposed outside the pressing screw 12, the upper part of the bearing sleeve 19 is restricted from moving upward by the body, and the pressing screw 12 is provided with a bearing roller, and the bearing sleeve 19 is located at the bearing roller.
  • the bearing sleeve 19 and the pressing screw 12 are fixed by a key 20, and the nut guiding sleeve 8 is provided with two ball groove grooves, between the bearing sleeve 19 and the nut guiding sleeve 8, and the screw 12 is pressed.
  • a support ball 5 is disposed between the step and the nut guide sleeve 8.
  • the support ball 5 is plural, and can be selected according to actual force conditions, and is evenly distributed in the two ball slots.
  • the guide sleeve 8 cooperates with the bearing roller and the bearing sleeve 19 of the pressing screw 12 to restrict the ball 5 in the ball groove.
  • the ball groove is provided with a raceway, and the length of the raceway and the number of the supporting balls 5 are provided. Corresponding.
  • the bearing sleeve 19 is fixed by a key 20, and the key 20 is firmly fixed to the relevant member, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the bearing system.
  • a ball bearing is not used, a shoulder plane is used. In order to withstand the purpose, it can also achieve the purpose, but in addition to bearing the impact force, it must also bear the turning effect of the turning, especially in the case of a large axial force, the work consumed by the plane friction is very large, and it is non-consumption. If a rolling friction drive is used, the effect is greatly improved, which is required by low-carbon economic machines.
  • reaction speed is fast. Due to the spiral rotation of the screw and the nut sleeve, the moving beam is moved. Because the rotation speed of the motor is fast, the punching speed is extremely fast, several times to ten times faster than the conventional flush valve structure. This greatly increases productivity.
  • Advantage 2 Change the forging process.
  • the traditional operation is to use the reciprocating operation of the main hydraulic cylinder and the return cylinder all the time, thus causing great vibration of the press, and the structure of the patent can be combined with mechanical and hydraulic pressure, that is, pressing
  • the device operates while the main hydraulic cylinder plunger has been moving from top to bottom in one direction to complete the fast forging.
  • the return cylinder is not involved in the work.
  • the other work system is the same as the traditional press, while the main hydraulic cylinder and the return cylinder work together, but compared with the traditional, the vibration is greatly reduced.
  • the device for pressing the screw 12 and pressing the nut sleeve 13 is used as the movement of the movable beam 17.
  • the energy source of the forging device of the present invention comes from the high-speed rotating flywheel 6, and the energy stored by the flywheel 6 achieves the purpose of deforming the metal by the mass and speed of the falling weight.
  • the forging device is actually an oil (water) press, which also combines the performance of the screw press. It is distinguished from the type of press process. On the one hand, it is a free forging device and also a hot forging press. .
  • the invention shows a low-carbon economy structure, because the spiral moving structure is adopted, the body structure is greatly simplified, the weight of the machine is reduced, and the large stroke of the main hydraulic cylinder is pressed by the screw nut. Instead, a hollow structure is formed, and the weight of the metal of the hollow portion is reduced, and the space vacated by the hollow portion is precisely used as the lubrication and piping arrangement space of the oil pool, so that the double-edged one is removed, and the large-capacity is eliminated.
  • the flushing system simplifies the hydraulic system and reduces the input cost.
  • the anti-offset capability is the offset of the force center. If the displacement of the force center does not exceed the range of the force frame, the entire forging device will not be damaged, and the hollow reduction device has a larger diameter.
  • the bearing sleeve and the anvil bearing surface of the plunger end face are all within the range of the bearing sleeve and are therefore safe.
  • the forging device of the invention not only has superior machine performance, but also brings great convenience to manufacture, assembly and maintenance, because it is convenient to replace the screw and the nut sleeve, if it is necessary to remove the nut sleeve, it is loose
  • the coupling bolt of the movable beam can be removed, and when the sealing of the cylinder needs to be replaced, the bolt of the cylinder can be loosened from the movable beam, and the operation is very convenient.
  • the high-energy spiral of the forging device needs good buffering during forging.
  • This patent can be buffered by the main hydraulic cylinder, which reduces the vibration of the frame and greatly reduces the noise during the impact, avoiding pollution and improvement of the factory.
  • the working environment reflects the humanization of design.
  • the forging device of the present invention also shows a pre-tightening technique of the machine, which constitutes the upper cross member 2, the lower cross member 18 and the two vertical columns 1 of the frame, and forms a force-receiving frame with two studs.
  • the use of a hydraulic tensioner to complete the pre-tightening, the frame pre-tensioned by this method is particularly rigid, even to meet the requirements of infinite rigidity, and only to meet this requirement, can withstand the impact shock during forging .
  • the frame material structure can be greatly enhanced, and it can be made of cast parts or structural parts. This prestressed structure frame brings great benefits to manufacturing, transportation and lifting.
  • the forging device of the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high structural strength and fast reaction speed; high production efficiency, small vibration, strong anti-offset capability, good lubrication effect, convenient manufacture, assembly and maintenance; wide application range and cost low.

Abstract

一种锻压装置，其包括上横梁（2）、下横梁（18）和至少一个立柱（1）。立柱（1）的下端固定于下横梁（18）上，上横梁（2）设置于立柱（1）的上端，上横梁（2）上设置有活动梁驱动装置，活动梁驱动装置通过螺旋机构连接能缓冲的主液压缸（16）和回程缸（14）。该锻压装置可以把驱动装置中的螺旋机构、主液压缸（16）和回程缸（14）连接在一起而不设置活动梁。该锻压装置结构简单，操作便捷；结构强度高，震动小，抗偏载能力强，且制造、装配和维修方便，成本低廉。

Description

一种锻压装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锻压装置。
背景技术
锻压是工业生产中常用的成型和分离加工手段，锻压装置是锻造压力加工的基本工具。现有技术中常规的锻压装置有机械式的锻压装置，以及液压机等等。机械式的锻压装置通常用曲柄连杆机构来驱动锻锤，将旋转运动转变为锻锤的往复运动以实现锻造；液压机通过液压传动来驱动活动横梁及冲头，以实现对锻件毛坯进行自由锻造或模锻加工。上述两种常用的锻压装置均因为结构较为复杂，造成体积庞大，造价偏高，企业配备困难。
目前使用的锻压装置中，液压机的输力点为压力缸，是通过高压介质进入压力缸后而输力做功的，而移动活动横梁的动力也是通过较低的压力油来移动活动梁的，因此活动梁成为锻造工作时的工作部份，为了提高生产率，且提高活动梁的移动速度，因此必须设置一个大流量的冲液系统，尽管是这样，移动速度仍然受到限制。目前使用的液压机大多为双缸回程结构。在工作时，双缸回程的结构经常会出现同步障碍，导致主缸不能按照预定的频率工作，特别是在频率高的情况下容易造成机件的迅速磨损，甚至运动的卡阻现象。另外双缸的设置只能是设置在离主缸较远的地方，比如把回程缸吊挂在上横梁下，并和活动梁连接，活动梁连带主缸一起往下推压时，回程缸也同时运动，当工作完成后，由两个回程缸拉回，回程缸就必须设置两个，一个在左、另一个在活动梁的右边，使得结构十分的复杂。且目前使用的锻压装置，在进行快速锻造时，传统的操作是全部使用主缸和回程缸的频繁往复操作，因而引起压机的极大震动，不利于控制锻造的质量。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于：针对上述存在的问题，提供一种结构简单，操作便捷，结构强度高，反应速度快，生产效率高，震动小，抗偏载能力强，润滑效果好，制造、装配和维修极为方便，适用范围广，成本低廉的锻压装置。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种锻压装置，具备主液压缸和螺旋机构，其特征在于：所述螺旋机构连接主液压缸。
由于采用了螺旋驱动和液压驱动的双重锻压结构，该锻压装置能够在不增加装置体积的情况下提供更大的锻压力。
本发明的锻压装置还具备驱动装置，所述驱动装置通过所述螺旋机构驱动主液压缸。所述的驱动装置包括电机，所述电机连接到飞轮上并驱动飞轮，所述飞轮带动螺旋机构转动。本发明的锻压装置还具备上横梁、下横梁和立柱，所述下横梁与立柱下端固定连接，所述上横梁设置于立柱的上端。所述螺旋机构包括螺母导向套、压下螺杆和压下螺母套，所述螺母导向套固定设置于上横梁内，所述压下螺杆与飞轮固定连接，且随飞轮转动，所述压下螺杆套于螺母导向套内，且压下螺杆可相对螺母导向套转动，所述压下螺杆外配合有压下螺母套，所述压下螺母套套于螺母导向套内，所述压下螺母套的下端连接有主液压缸和回程缸。
由于采用了上述结构，所述立柱的下端固定于下横梁上，所述上横梁设置于立柱的上端，使得上横梁、下横梁与立柱通过预紧装置形成一个高刚度的机架，能够承受强力的冲击震动。飞轮直接由电机带动，且存储能量，飞轮上储存的能量，带动螺旋机构相对转动，且通过螺旋机构传递到活动横梁上，活动横梁的主液压缸对工件进行压制，使得结构更加的简单，成本更加低廉。通过飞轮的转动，带动压下螺杆转动，由于螺母导向套与上横梁固定，且压下螺杆与压下螺母套之间相互配合，使压下螺杆的转动带动压下螺母套移动，从而使得连接在压下螺母套下端的主液压缸和回程缸向下移动。由于电机的转动速度极快，使得飞轮的转动速度及主液压缸和回程缸向下移动的速度极快，能够形成与下横梁砧座的瞬间快捷冲击，能够对工件进行锻造，且保证锻造效果良好。由于采用了螺旋移动结构，大大地简化了本体结构，减轻了机器重量，把主液压缸的大行程由压下螺杆和螺母套所代替，形成中空的结构，把中空部份的金属重量减除，而中空部分所腾出来的空间恰恰又是作为油池的润滑和管路布置空间，一箭双雕之举，免去大容量的冲液系统，使液压系统简化了，降低了成本，利于推广。此外，所述驱动装置通过螺旋机构连接主液压缸和回程缸，使得锻造工件时能够能够迅速地对工件进行锻造，当主液压缸和回程缸下移时，主液压缸能够与下横梁冲击锻造工件，在下横梁上需设置 砧座，用于与 主液压缸配合进行锻造，反应速度快，生产效率高，震动小，且冲击后能够迅速地回程，实现再次压制。
在本发明锻造装置中，所述螺母导向套的顶端与飞轮之间还设置有多个支承滚球，所述压下螺杆的上端与螺母导向套之间设置有多个承载滚球。所述压下螺杆与压下螺母套之间螺纹配合，所述压下螺杆与螺母导向套之间设置有多个承载滚球。所述压下螺杆外设置有轴承辊道，轴承辊道上设置有轴承套，所述轴承套与压下螺杆之间通过键固定，所述轴承套与螺母导向套之间、压下螺杆的台阶与螺母导向套之间均设置有支承滚球。
由于采用了上述结构，通过支承滚球起到螺母导向套能够承受飞轮的重量，且螺母导向套与飞轮之间能够相对转动，通过承载滚球承受压下螺杆给螺母套在锻造时所产生的锻造力，且压下螺杆与螺母套之间能够相对转动，保证结构的稳靠，且运行平稳。
在本发明的锻造装置中，上述主液压缸和回程缸之间形成液压空腔，上述液压空腔内设置有缸内密封套将液压空腔分隔成两个液压腔。所述主液压缸向下压制工件后，所述回程缸带动所述主液压缸柱塞返回。
由于采用了上述结构，液压缸安装在活动横梁的中间，由压下装置带动上、下活动，当活动横梁需停下来进行输力压制时，由高压泵给压推动主液压缸，使锻造件产生塑性变形，并可多次重复锻造。此处的液压缸包括两个部分，一个为主液压缸，一个为回程缸，回程缸设置在主液压缸上部。当主缸柱塞往前移动时，带动回程缸也向前，当主缸柱塞停止工作时，回程缸则执行回程的动作，主液压缸柱塞和回程缸之间的往返动作在锻造过程中极其频繁，它们之间要求非常协调，使得铸造效果非常好，且结构简单，操作便捷，结构强度高，反应速度快，生产效率高，震动小，抗偏载能力强，润滑效果好，制造、装配和维修极为方便，适用范围广，成本低廉。
在本发明的锻造装置中，所述螺旋机构的下端连接有活动横梁，所述活动横梁可在上横梁与下横梁之间沿立柱上下移动，所述主液压缸和回程缸设置于活动横梁的底端。并且：所述上横梁、立柱与下横梁之间通过预应力螺栓固定连接。
由于采用了上述结构，螺旋机构的下端连接有活动横梁，使得活动梁驱动装置能够驱动活动横梁上下移动，且活动横梁可在上横梁与下横梁之间沿立柱上下移动，当活动横梁下移时，主液压缸能够与下横梁冲击锻造工件，在活动横梁的底部设置有能缓冲的主液压缸和回程缸，使得锻造工件时能够具有很好的缓冲功能，能够满足快速多次锻造的要求，可以迅速地对工件进行锻造，反应速度快，生产效率高，震动小，且冲击后能够迅速地回程，实现再次压制。由于采用液压拉伸器来完成预紧，经过这种方法预紧的机架刚性特别好，甚至达到无限刚性的要求，也只有达到这种要求，才能承受在锻造时的冲击震动。机架材料结构可选择性大大加强，可采用铸造件，也可采用结构件，这种预应力结构机架使得制造、运输、起重都非常的方便。
本发明的锻造装置中，所述电机数目可以为多个，以行星轮的方式围绕所述飞轮设置。
由于采用了上述结构，可以通过行星轮布置方式进行驱动，且可采用多个电机，使得传递给太阳轮（即为飞轮）的动力更大，且飞轮首次运用到行星轮布置方式中，通过螺旋机构使主液压缸对工件进行加压，由飞轮所贮存的能量，通过落锤的质量和速度达到使金属工件变形的目的。本发明的锻压装置，结构简单，操作便捷，结构刚度高，能够轻易地对金属工件进行锻造。
综上所述，由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明的有益效果是：
  1. 1. 本发明的锻压装置，结构简单，操作便捷，结构强度高，反应速度快；
  1. 2. 本发明的锻压装置，生产效率高，震动小，抗偏载能力强，润滑效果好，制造、装配和维修极为方便；
  1. 3. 本发明的锻压装置，重量轻，耗材少生产成本低，是低碳节能设备；
  1. 4. 本发明的锻压装置，机械构造适合于各种工程压力等级的锻造机，覆盖面广泛；
  1. 5. 本发明的锻压装置，为双联动型，扩大了机器功能，既是机械高能螺旋压力机，又是液压机。
附图说明
图1是本发明第一实施例的锻压装置结构示意图。
图2是第一实施例的锻压装置局部剖视图。
图3是本发明第二实施例的锻压装置结构示意图。
图4是第二实施例的锻压装置局部剖视图。
图5是本发明第三实施例的局部剖视图。
图中标记：1-立柱、2-上横梁、3-预应力螺栓、4-承载滚球、5-支承滚球、6-飞轮、7-大齿轮、8-螺母导向套、9-行星轮壳体、10-小齿轮、11-电机、12-压下螺杆、13-压下螺母套、14-回程缸、15-缸内密封垫、16-主液压缸、17-活动横梁、18-下横梁、19-轴承套、20-键。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图，对本发明作详细的说明。
为了实现本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1如图 1 和 图 2 所示，本发明的锻压装置，包括上横梁2、下横梁18和至少一个立柱1，当然一般采用多个立柱1以起到固定作用，本实施例中采用两个立柱1，所述立柱1的下端固定于下横梁18上，所述上横梁2设置于立柱1的上端组成机架，上横梁2、下横梁18与一个立柱1之间通过预应力螺栓3固定连接组成机架，且采用液压拉伸器来完成预紧，经过这种方法预紧的机架刚性特别好，甚至达到无限刚性的要求，也只有达到这种要求，才能承受在锻造时的冲击震动。机架材料结构可选择性大大加强，可采用铸造件，也可采用结构件，这种预应力结构机架，使得制造、运输、起重都非常方便。在上横梁2上设置有活动梁驱动装置，所述活动梁驱动装置包括至少一个电机11，本实施例中采用两个电机11，当然也可以采用一个或者多个电机11进行驱动，所述电机11上连接有小齿轮10，所述小齿轮10与大齿轮7相互啮合，再经齿轮7的齿轮轴带动太阳轮（即飞轮6），所述飞轮6用于储存能量，所述小齿轮10、大齿轮7和飞轮6均设置于齿轮壳体9的内部。所述电机11上连接有相互配合的轴承和齿轮，所述电机11最终驱动太阳轮转动。所述活动梁驱动装置通过螺旋机构连接活动横梁17，所述螺旋机构包括螺母导向套8、压下螺杆12和压下螺母套13，且所述螺母导向套8固定于上横梁2内，所述压下螺杆12与飞轮6固定连接，且随飞轮6一起转动，在飞轮6的上方或者下方设置有离合器，通过该离合器，能够避免锻压装置在锻压过程中反复换向对电机的损害，同时起到节能的作用。所述螺母导向套8的顶端与太阳轮之间设置有多个支承滚球5，所述压下螺杆12的上端与螺母导向套8之间设置有多个承载滚球4，所述压下螺杆12套于螺母导向套8内，且压下螺杆12可相对螺母导向套8自由转动，所述压下螺杆12外配合有压下螺母套13，所述压下螺母套13套于螺母导向套8内，所述压下螺母套13的下端上固定连接有活动横梁17，所述活动横梁17可在上横梁2与下横梁18之间沿立柱1上下移动，所述活动横梁17的底端设置有能缓冲的主液压缸16，所述主液压缸16上设置有回程缸14，使主液压缸16配合于液压缸内形成液压空腔，且主液压缸空腔内设置有回程缸密封垫15将液压缸空腔分隔成两个液压腔，使活动横梁17下移，且主液压缸16与下横梁18撞击后，两液压腔得到缓冲。
本发明的锻压装置，和传统的压机有完全不同的结构，本发明的锻压装置，克服了冲液的传统方法，用螺旋快速传动的方法来代替。
如图2所示，压下螺母套13与压下螺杆12旋和在一起，并可随压下螺杆12的旋转下上下移动，压下螺杆12的端部和传动大齿轮（飞轮6）结合在一起，通过电机11及小齿轮10带动，从而达到带动压下螺杆12的传动，在图3、图4中已经表明了压下螺杆12是由承载滚球4和支承滚球5所组成的端面轴承所固定，所以压下螺杆12是在原点旋转，把动力传给压下螺母套13。压下螺母套13 的移动，同时带动其下端的活动横梁17向下移动，最终与下横梁18冲击，将工件置于下横梁18砧座上，能够瞬间将工件进行锻造。
液压缸安装在活动横梁18的中间，由压下装置带动上、下活动，当活动横梁18需停下来进行输力压制时，由高压泵给压推动活塞，使锻造件产生塑性变形，而重复锻造。此处的液压缸部分包括两个部分，一个为主液压缸，一个为主液压缸返程部分的回程缸。图示中的主液压缸的上部装有一个回程缸，当主缸往前移动时，带动回程缸也向前，当主缸柱塞停止工作时，回程缸则执行返程的动作，主液缸柱塞和回程缸之间的往返动作在锻造过程中极其频繁，它们之间要求非常协调，而图2中的结构突破了以往的传统，把这种结构升华至一个新的高度。
如图3和图4所示，实施例2与实施例1相似，其不同之处在于：本实施例中没有安装活动横梁18，使得压下螺母套13的下端上固定连接主液压缸16，只是没有活动横梁18的导向作用。所述电机11可以直接连接到飞轮6上，直接驱动飞轮6转动，飞轮6带动 螺旋机构转动，最终通过 压下螺母套13使主液压缸16和回程缸14上下移动，对工件进行锻造。
如图5所示，实施例3主要对锻压装置的传动结构进行了改进： 所述压下螺杆12外配合有螺母导向套8与压下螺母套13，所述压下螺杆12与压下螺母套13之间螺纹配合，所述压下螺杆12与螺母导向套8之间通过承载滚球4配合 ， 并且在压下螺杆12外还设置有轴承套19，所述轴承套19的上方被机体限制其向上运动，所述压下螺杆12外设置有轴承辊道，所述轴承套19位于该轴承辊道上，且轴承套19与压下螺杆12之间通过键20固定，所述螺母导向套8上设置有两个滚球槽，所述轴承套19与螺母导向套8之间、压下螺杆12的台阶与螺母导向套8之间均设置有支承滚球5，所述支承滚球5为多个，可以根据实际的受力情况进行选择，且均布于两滚球槽内，所述螺母导向套8与压下螺杆12的轴承辊道、轴承套19配合，限制滚球5于滚球槽内，所述滚球槽内设置滚道，所述滚道长度与支承滚球5的数量相对应。
当电机通过传动齿轮带动压下螺杆12时，并带动压下螺母套13高速上、下移动，压下螺母套13连同下部的冲锤击打金属件变形，制作成所需的零件，由于高速的锤击所产生的巨大冲击，这种冲击力的反作用力，由压下螺母套13传至压下螺杆12，压下螺杆12的端部装入滚球轴承与螺母导向套8组成一个端面轴承，全部反作用力便由这个轴承接受了，并通过螺母导向套8传递至机体上。对于一部以冲、锻为主的机器，巨大的冲击力必然会使机器产生松动，特别是联接件。而本发明则对轴承套19，采用键20进行固定，这个键20又牢牢地与相关件进行固定，从而保证了轴承系的精度.如果不是采用滚珠轴承，那么用一台肩式的平面来承受也可以达到目的，但是此处除了承受冲击力外，还要承担转时的回转作用，特别在轴向力很大的情况下，平面磨擦所消耗的功是很大的，是非耗能力，如果采用滚动磨擦传动，那么效果则大大地提高了，才是低碳经济机器所要求的。
本发明的锻压装置的特点如下：
优点一：反应速度快，由于螺杆与螺母套的螺旋转动，从而使活动横梁移动，由于电机的转动速度快，因此冲压速度极快，比采用传统的冲液阀结构快几倍至十倍，这就大大提高了生产率。
优点二：改变锻造工艺。如进行快锻时，传统的操作是全部使用主液压缸和回程缸的频繁往复操作，因而引起压机的极大震动，而本专利的结构则可采用机械和液压相结合，即用压下装置操作，而主液压缸柱塞一直自上往下的单向运动来完成快锻。用这种快锻工作制，返程缸是不参与工作的。另一种工作制则是和传统压机一样，同时采用主液压缸和回程缸协调工作，但和传统比较起来，震动大大地减少了。
优点三：采用压下螺杆12与压下螺母套13装置作为活动横梁17的移动。本发明的锻压装置的能源来自高速旋转的飞轮6，由飞轮6所贮存的能量，通过落锤的质量和速度达到使金属变形的目的。锻压装置其实是一种油（水）压机，同时也融合了螺旋压机的性能，从压机的工艺类型来区别，一方面是一台自由锻压装置，同时也是一台热模锻压力机。
优点四：本专利发明所显示的是一种低碳经济的结构，因为采用了螺旋移动结构，大大地简化了本体结构，减轻了机器重量，把主液压缸的大行程由压下螺丝螺母所代替，形成中空的结构，把中空部份的金属重量减除，而中空部分所腾出来的空间恰恰又是作为油池的润滑和管路布置空间，真所谓一箭双雕之举，免去大容量的冲液系统，使液压系统简化了，投入成本也减少了。
优点五：增加了抗偏载能力。抗偏载能力是受力中心的偏移，如果受力中心的偏移不超过受力机架的范围，那么对整个锻压装置就不会受损，而中空的压下装置具有较大直径的支承套，而柱塞端面的砧座支承面都在支承套范围内，因而是安全的。
优点六：压下螺杆12和压下螺母套13的运转需要很好的润滑，而中空部份恰恰是润滑油池，给螺母螺丝在传动时提供最佳的润滑条件。
优点七：本发明的锻压装置，不但具有优越的机器性能，同时也给制造、装配和维修带来很大的方便，因为更换螺杆和螺母套都很方便，如果需要取下螺母套，则松脱与活动梁的联接螺栓即可，而需要更换缸的密封时，则从活动梁上松脱该缸体的螺栓便可，操作非常方便。
优点八：锻压装置的高能螺旋在锻造时需要很好的缓冲，本专利就可以由主液压缸来缓冲，减少了机架的颤动，冲击时的噪音也大大减轻，避免了工厂的污染，改善了工作环境，体现了设计的人性化。
本发明的锻压装置，还显示了一种机器的预紧技术，组成机架的上横梁2、下横梁18和两根立柱1，把它形成一个受力的机架，是用两根螺柱，采用一种液压拉伸器来完成预紧的，经过这种方法预紧的机架则刚性特别好，甚至达到无限刚性的要求，也只有达到这种要求，才能承受在锻造时的冲击震动。机架材料结构可选择性大大加强，可采用铸造件，也可采用结构件，这种预应力结构机架给制造、运输、起重带来很大的好处。
本发明的锻压装置，结构简单，操作便捷，结构强度高，反应速度快；生产效率高，震动小，抗偏载能力强，润滑效果好，制造、装配和维修极为方便；适用范围广，成本低廉。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种锻压装置，具备主液压缸和螺旋机构，其特征在于：所述螺旋机构连接主液压缸。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：还具备驱动装置，所述驱动装置通过所述螺旋机构驱动主液压缸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述驱动装置包括电机，所述电机连接到飞轮上并驱动飞轮，所述飞轮带动螺旋机构转动。
  4. 如权利要求1-3之一所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：具备上横梁、下横梁和立柱，所述下横梁与立柱下端固定连接，所述上横梁设置于立柱的上端。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述螺旋机构包括螺母导向套、压下螺杆和压下螺母套，所述螺母导向套固定设置于上横梁内，所述压下螺杆与飞轮固定连接，且随飞轮转动，所述压下螺杆套于螺母导向套内，且压下螺杆可相对螺母导向套转动，所述压下螺杆外配合有压下螺母套，所述压下螺母套套于螺母导向套内，所述压下螺母套的下端连接有主液压缸和回程缸。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述螺母导向套的顶端与飞轮之间设置有多个支承滚球，所述压下螺杆的上端与螺母导向套之间设置有多个承载滚球。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述压下螺杆与压下螺母套之间螺纹配合，所述压下螺杆与螺母导向套之间设置有多个承载滚球。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述压下螺杆外设置有轴承辊道，轴承辊道上设置有轴承套，所述轴承套与压下螺杆之间通过键固定，所述轴承套与螺母导向套之间、压下螺杆的台阶与螺母导向套之间均设置有支承滚球。
  9. 如权利要求5-8之一所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述主液压缸和回程缸之间形成液压空腔，所述液压空腔内设置有缸内密封套将液压空腔分隔成两个液压腔。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述主液压缸向下压制工件后，所述回程缸带动所述主液压缸柱塞返回。
  11. 如权利要求4-10所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述螺旋机构的下端连接有活动横梁，所述活动横梁可在上横梁与下横梁之间沿立柱上下移动，所述主液压缸和回程缸设置于活动横梁的底端。
  12. 如权利要求4-11所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述上横梁、立柱与下横梁之间通过预应力螺栓固定连接。
  13. 如权利要求2-12所述的锻压装置，其特征在于：所述电机数目为多个，以行星轮的方式围绕所述飞轮设置。
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