WO2012165444A1 - 自然エネルギー取出装置 - Google Patents
自然エネルギー取出装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012165444A1 WO2012165444A1 PCT/JP2012/063815 JP2012063815W WO2012165444A1 WO 2012165444 A1 WO2012165444 A1 WO 2012165444A1 JP 2012063815 W JP2012063815 W JP 2012063815W WO 2012165444 A1 WO2012165444 A1 WO 2012165444A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- floating body
- floating
- pair
- rotating shaft
- generator
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 330
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
- F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
- F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
- F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B7/00—Water wheels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
- F03D13/22—Foundations specially adapted for wind motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor the axis being vertical
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/30—Lightning protection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/008—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations the wind motor being combined with water energy converters, e.g. a water turbine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
- F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/02—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor having a plurality of rotors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/93—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2240/00—Components
- F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
- F05B2240/95—Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/90—Braking
- F05B2260/904—Braking using hydrodynamic forces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
- F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
- F05B2270/1011—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n) to prevent overspeed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/727—Offshore wind turbines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a natural energy extraction device.
- Offshore wind energy extraction comprising a vertical rotating shaft, a floating body that supports the vertical rotating shaft, and a generator that is disposed in the floating body and is rotationally driven by being operatively engaged with the vertical rotating shaft, the floating body moored on the water
- Patent Document 1 An apparatus is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- Patent Document 1 has a problem in that since the support device that rotatably supports the vertical rotation shaft and the generator are disposed in the floating body, the internal structure of the floating body becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost increases. is there. Further, it is planned that the vertical rotation shaft extends substantially vertically, and there is a problem that the floating body and the mooring device are increased in size to achieve the schedule.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a natural energy extraction device that includes a vertical rotation shaft and a floating body that supports the vertical rotation shaft, and the internal structure of the floating body is simpler than the prior art, An object of the present invention is to provide a device in which the floating body and the mooring device are downsized and the manufacturing cost is low.
- a first floating body that forms a swingable vertical rotation shaft, a second floating body that is moored and surrounds the first floating body, and a first floating body that is attached to the second floating body.
- a natural energy extraction device including a power transmission device that converts rotational kinetic energy of a floating body into drive torque of a driven device, and is installed on water.
- the vertical rotation shaft is the first floating body and is supported by the buoyancy of water, the second floating body corresponding to the floating body of the prior art does not require a support structure for the first floating body.
- the second floating body corresponding to the floating body of the prior art does not need to prevent the swinging of the first floating body.
- the power transmission device is disposed in an open space between the first floating body and the second floating body. Therefore, the internal structure of the second floating body corresponding to the floating body of the prior art is simplified compared to the prior art, the second floating body and the mooring device are downsized compared to the prior art, and the manufacturing cost of the second floating body is conventionally Reduced compared to technology.
- the driven device include a generator, a pump, a compressor, a flywheel for storing energy, and the like.
- a wind power generator comprising the above-described natural energy extraction device and a vertical rotation axis windmill fixed to the first floating body of the device and extending upward, and the driven device is a generator.
- a vertically rotating shaft windmill extending upward is fixed to the first floating body, and the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body is converted into the driving torque of the generator, and finally converted into electric energy, thereby obtaining a wind power generator.
- the first floating body Since the first floating body has a large moment of inertia, it can absorb the fluctuation of the wind speed and level the power generation output, and stabilize the direction of the windmill rotating shaft by the gyro effect.
- the wind power generator is provided with a plurality of power transmission devices and a generator.
- the power transmission device and the generator are reduced in size as compared with the case where a single large-capacity power transmission device and a generator are arranged.
- the development cost and production cost of the device and the generator are reduced.
- the wind turbine generator includes a weight fixed to the lower end portion of the first floating body or suspended from the lower end of the first floating body.
- the wind turbine generator includes a lightning rod attached to a longitudinal rotating shaft windmill.
- the lightning current is discharged from the lightning rod through the longitudinal rotating shaft windmill and the first floating body into the water, and does not flow to the power transmission device attached to the second floating body, and hence the generator that is the driven device. As a result, the generator is protected from lightning strikes.
- the wind turbine generator is accommodated in the first floating body and can be projected and retracted in the radial direction from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body, or attached to the peripheral side surface of the first floating body.
- a braking body is provided that can swing between a closed position extending along the peripheral side surface and an open position projecting radially from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body. By providing the brake body on the first floating body, the rotating first floating body can be urgently stopped when an accident occurs.
- the first floating body has a ballast water storage space, and ballast water is injected into the first floating body during power generation. When the wind turbine is inspected, the ballast is discharged and the first floating body is lifted and laid down. When the weight is suspended, the suspension cable is extended to settle the weight and discharge the ballast. 1 Maintenance and inspection work can be facilitated by floating the body upside down and bringing the vertical axis windmill closer to the water surface.
- the wind turbine generator includes a pair of first floating bodies, a pair of longitudinally rotating shaft windmills fixed to the pair of first floating bodies and extending upward, and moored to the pair of first floating bodies.
- a second floating body that surrounds, and a power transmission device that is attached to the second floating body and converts the rotational kinetic energy of the pair of first floating bodies into the driving torque of the driven device, and the second floating body is a multipoint mooring with an intermediate buoy
- the mooring line connecting the second floating body and the intermediate buoy has a first straight line passing through an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies of the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies in a top view.
- a mooring line connecting the second floating body and the intermediate buoy passes through an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies of the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies and is orthogonal to the first straight line when viewed from above. Since the second floating body is leeward of the intermediate buoy when the wind turbine generator is in operation, the first straight line connecting the rotation axis of the pair of first floating bodies is in the wind. The pair of longitudinally rotating shaft wind turbines rotate in opposite directions. As a result, the torque transmitted from the pair of first floating bodies to the second floating body is offset, and the rotation of the second floating body is prevented. Further, the lateral forces received by the pair of longitudinally rotating shaft wind turbines by the Magnus effect are also canceled out. As a result, mooring is facilitated and mooring costs are reduced.
- the vertical rotation axis wind turbine is a lift-type vertical rotation axis wind turbine having a plurality of vertically extending blades that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. It is twisted around the windmill longitudinal rotation axis while maintaining the relative positional relationship of directions.
- each blade moves from the base toward the tip toward the wind turbine vertical rotation axis when viewed from above. It extends in the circumferential direction. As a result, torque fluctuation during windmill rotation is reduced.
- the vertical rotation axis wind turbine is a lift type vertical rotation axis wind turbine having a plurality of vertically extending blades disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction, and the blade has an upper end. It is swingable between a first position close to the windmill vertical rotation axis and a second position whose upper end is separated from the windmill vertical rotation axis. During the maintenance of the wind turbine, the blades can be swung to bring the blade upper ends closer to the water surface, thereby facilitating maintenance work.
- the longitudinal rotating shaft windmill includes an arm that extends in a radial direction from the longitudinal rotating shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, and a cover of the airfoil section is fixed to the arm.
- the vertical rotating shaft windmill includes an arm that extends in a radial direction from the vertical rotating shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, and a cover having a blade shape cross section is attached to the arm. The whole can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the arm, or the rear edge of the cover can be rotated about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the arm.
- the longitudinal rotating shaft wind turbine includes an arm that extends in the radial direction from the longitudinal rotating shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, it is desirable to attach a cover having an airfoil cross section to the arm in order to reduce the air resistance of the arm.
- a cover having an airfoil cross section is attached to the arm connecting the vertical rotation shaft and the blade, the blade formed by the cover is relative air. Does not have an angle of attack to the flow and does not generate lift.
- the vertical rotation axis wind turbine is inclined toward the leeward side, so that the cover has an angle of attack with respect to the relative air flow, generates lift, and also induces inductive resistance at the blade tip. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of lift and induction resistance on the torque of the longitudinally rotating shaft wind turbine.
- the aspect ratio of the cover is large, the induction resistance is small and the lift / drag ratio is large. Therefore, it is desirable that the cover is fixed to the arm and the lift generated in the cover contributes to the torque of the longitudinal rotating shaft wind turbine.
- the cover When the aspect ratio of the cover is small, the induction resistance is large and the lift-drag ratio is small, so the cover can be rotated or the rear edge of the cover can be rotated to suppress the generation of lift by the cover, and hence the induction resistance. It is desirable to do.
- a water current power generation apparatus comprising the above-described natural energy extraction device and a vertical rotation shaft water turbine that is fixed to the first floating body of the device and extends downward, and the driven device is a generator.
- a hydroelectric generator is obtained by fixing a vertically rotating shaft water turbine extending downward to the first floating body, converting the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body into driving torque of the generator, and finally converting it into electric energy.
- the first floating body Since the first floating body has a large moment of inertia, it can absorb the fluctuation of the water flow velocity and level the power generation output, and stabilize the direction of the turbine rotation axis by the gyro effect.
- the water current power generator is provided with a plurality of power transmission devices and a generator.
- the power transmission device and the generator are reduced in size as compared with the case where a single large-capacity power transmission device and a generator are arranged.
- the development cost and production cost of the device and the generator are reduced.
- the water current power generator includes a weight fixed to the lower end portion of the vertical rotation shaft of the vertical rotation shaft turbine or suspended from the lower end of the vertical rotation shaft.
- the water current power generation device is accommodated in the first floating body and can be projected and retracted in the radial direction from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body, or attached to the peripheral side surface of the first floating body.
- a braking body is provided that can swing between a closed position extending along the peripheral side surface and an open position projecting radially from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body.
- the first floating body and the vertical rotation axis turbine are provided with a ballast water storage space, and ballast water is injected into the first floating body and the vertical rotation axis turbine during power generation.
- the ballast is discharged and the first floating body and the vertical rotation shaft water turbine are floated and laid down.
- the suspension cable is extended and the weight is grounded. Maintenance inspection work can be facilitated by discharging the ballast and causing the first floating body and the vertical rotating shaft water turbine to float and lie down and bring the vertical rotating shaft turbine close to the water surface.
- the water current power generation apparatus includes a pair of first floating bodies, a pair of longitudinally rotating shaft turbines fixed to the pair of first floating bodies and extending downward, and moored to the pair of first floating bodies.
- a second floating body that surrounds, and a power transmission device that is attached to the second floating body and converts the rotational kinetic energy of the pair of first floating bodies into the driving torque of the driven device, and the second floating body is a multipoint mooring with an intermediate buoy
- the mooring line connecting the second floating body and the intermediate buoy has a first straight line passing through an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies of the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies in a top view.
- a mooring line connecting the second floating body and the intermediate buoy passes through an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies of the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies and is orthogonal to the first straight line when viewed from above. Since the second floating body is located downstream of the intermediate buoy and the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies is the water flow.
- the pair of longitudinally rotating shaft turbines rotate in opposite directions. As a result, the torque transmitted from the pair of first floating bodies to the second floating body is offset, and the rotation of the second floating body is prevented. Further, the lateral forces received by the pair of longitudinally rotating shaft turbines by the Magnus effect are also canceled out.
- the vertical rotation shaft turbine is a lift-type vertical rotation shaft turbine having a plurality of vertically extending blades that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction. It is twisted around the vertical axis of rotation of the turbine while maintaining the relative positional relationship.
- each blade moves around the vertical rotation axis of the turbine from the base toward the tip when viewed from above. It extends in the circumferential direction.
- the vertical rotary shaft turbine is provided with an arm that extends in a radial direction from the vertical rotary shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, and a cover of the airfoil section is fixed to the arm.
- the vertical rotary shaft turbine is provided with an arm that extends in a radial direction from the vertical rotary shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, and a cover having an airfoil cross section is attached to the arm. The whole can be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the arm, or the rear edge of the cover can be rotated about an axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the arm.
- the longitudinal rotary shaft turbine is provided with an arm that extends in the radial direction from the longitudinal rotational shaft and is connected to the blade to support the blade, it is desirable to attach an airfoil cross-section cover to the arm in order to reduce the fluid resistance of the arm.
- the vertical rotation shaft extends substantially vertically. Therefore, even if an airfoil cross-section cover is attached to the arm connecting the vertical rotation shaft and the blade, the cover is free from relative airflow. Does not have an angle of attack and does not generate lift.
- the longitudinal rotary shaft turbine is inclined to the downstream side, so that the cover has an angle of attack with respect to the relative water flow, generates lift, and also induces inductive resistance at the blade tip. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of lift and induction resistance on the torque of the longitudinally rotating shaft turbine.
- the aspect ratio of the cover is large, the induction resistance is small and the lift / drag ratio is large. Therefore, it is desirable that the cover is fixed to the arm and the lift generated in the cover contributes to the torque of the longitudinal rotating shaft turbine.
- the cover When the aspect ratio of the cover is small, the induction resistance is large and the lift-drag ratio is small, so the cover can be rotated or the rear edge of the cover can be rotated to suppress the generation of lift by the cover, and hence the induction resistance. It is desirable to do.
- the above-described natural energy extraction device is provided, the driven device is a generator, and the electric power supplied to the generator is converted into the rotational energy of the first floating body and stored in the first floating body.
- An energy storage device is provided. An energy storage device is obtained by converting the electric power supplied to the generator into the rotational energy of the first floating body.
- the energy storage device includes a pair of first floating bodies and a second floating body moored to surround the pair of first floating bodies.
- the second floating body is moored at multiple points with an intermediate buoy.
- the mooring line connecting the two floating bodies and the intermediate buoy passes through an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies of the first straight line connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies and is orthogonal to the first straight line when viewed from above. They are arranged symmetrically with respect to the second straight line. If the pair of first floating bodies are rotated in directions opposite to each other during operation of the energy storage device, the torque transmitted from the generator to the second floating body is offset, and the rotation of the second floating body is prevented. As a result, mooring is facilitated and mooring costs are reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a natural energy extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- A is a partial side view when the first floating body stands upright,
- It is a partial side view when a floating body inclines,
- (e) is a part which shows the relationship between the locus
- It is a side view.
- (A) is a side view of a wind power generator
- (b) is a side view of a water current power generator
- (c) is a side view of an energy storage device.
- (A), (c) is a perspective view of a wind power generator
- (b) is a perspective view of a water current generator.
- (d) is a perspective view of a water current generator.
- (A) is a perspective view
- (b) is a bb arrow view of (a).
- FIG. 1 It is a structural diagram which shows the mooring state of the wind power generator which is an application example of the natural energy extraction apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention.
- (A) is a perspective view of a wind turbine generator having a pair of wind turbines
- (b) is a top view of the wind turbine generator having a pair of wind turbines with the wind turbine removed
- (c) is a single view.
- (b) is a top view in the state where the windmill of the wind power generator which has a single windmill was removed.
- It is a structural diagram of a wind turbine generator that is an application example of a natural energy extraction device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- (A) is a perspective view
- (b) is a top view. It is a perspective view of the wind power generator which is an application example of the natural energy extraction apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention. It is a partial structure figure of the cover of the wing type section attached to the arm with which the wind power generator which is an application example of the natural energy extraction device concerning the example of the present invention is equipped.
- (A) is a perspective view
- (b) is a sectional view. It is sectional drawing of the cover of the airfoil cross section attached to the arm with which the wind power generator which is an application example of the natural energy extraction apparatus which concerns on the Example of this invention is equipped, and an arm.
- a natural energy extraction device A includes a cylindrical first floating body 1 that forms a vertical rotation shaft, that is, a rotation shaft that extends vertically, and a mooring on the water. And a second floating body 2 surrounding the first floating body 1.
- the second floating body 2 has a columnar floating body 2a disposed at each vertex of an equilateral triangle centered on the first floating body 1 and an arm member 2b that connects adjacent floating bodies 2a in top view. ing.
- the three arm members 2b are on the same plane.
- a first portion 3a which is a tuning fork-shaped member having a U-shaped bifurcated portion 3a ′ and a shaft portion 3a ′′ extending from the base portion of the bifurcated portion, and a shaft portion 3b ′′ extending from the U-shaped bifurcated portion 3b ′ and the base portion of the bifurcated portion.
- a pair of tuning fork-shaped members having a second portion 3b integrated by abutting the bifurcated portion 3b ′, and both shaft portions 3b ′′ of the second portion 3b are bifurcated portions of the first portion 3a.
- a support arm 3 having a structure rotatably supported by 3a ′ is attached to the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arm member 2b with the shaft portion 3a ′′ of the first portion 3a orthogonal to the arm member 2b. .
- the support arm 3 extends toward the central axis L of the first floating body 1 in a plane including the three arm members 2b.
- the shaft portion 3a ′′ of the first portion 3a is pivotable about the central axis of the shaft portion, and is capable of protruding and retracting from the arm member 2b within a predetermined stroke by receiving a biasing force of a spring (not shown).
- One support arm 3 is attached to each arm member 2b.
- a thick disk-like roller 4 is rotatably attached to the second portion 3b of each support arm 3.
- the roller 4 has a central axis X of the disk, an axis Y extending perpendicularly to the axial line X toward the central axis L of the first floating body 1 in the thickness center plane of the disk, and the thickness center of the disk. It is supported by the support arm 3 so as to be rotatable about an axis Z passing through the intersection of the axis X and the axis Y in the plane and orthogonal to the two axes.
- the three rollers 4 surround the first floating body 1 with an interval of 120 degrees in the circumferential direction as viewed from above, and the circumferential side surface of the roller 4 is in contact with the circumferential side surface of the first floating body 1.
- the circumferential side surface of the roller 4 is pressed against the circumferential side surface of the first floating body 1 by the above-described spring (not shown) that biases the shaft portion 3 a ′′ of the arm member 3.
- a generator 5 is attached to the roller 4.
- the natural energy extraction device A is installed on the water.
- the second floating body 2 is moored by an anchor and a chain or a wire (not shown) and floats on the water surface.
- the first floating body 1 floats on the water surface in a free state except that horizontal movement is restricted by the roller 4.
- the roller 4 and the generator 5 are above the water surface.
- the rotation of the first floating body 1 is transmitted to the roller 4, and the generator 5 attached to the roller 4 is driven to generate power.
- the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body 1 is converted into the driving torque of the generator 5, and finally converted into electric energy and extracted.
- the roller 4 can be rotated not only around the axis X that is the central axis but also around the axes Y and Z orthogonal to the axis X, so that the first floating body has a posture in which the resistance received from the rotating first floating body 1 is minimized. 1 abuts. As a result, as shown in FIG.
- the roller 4 rotates about the axis Z, and the axis X is parallel to the central axis L of the first floating body 1.
- the first floating body 1 is extended and brought into contact with the circumferential surface of the first floating body 1, and is rotated by the first floating body 1.
- the roller 4 rotates about the axis Y, and as shown in FIG. 1 (e), the roller 4 contacts the circumferential surface of the first floating body 1.
- the peripheral surface is directed in the extending direction of the locus S of the part, contacts the peripheral surface of the first floating body 1, and is rotated by the first floating body 1.
- the roller 4 Since the roller 4 is pressed against the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1 as described above, even if the first floating body 1 swings and tilts, moves up and down, or moves horizontally, the first floating body 1 is surely provided. And is driven to rotate by the first floating body 1. Since the first floating body 1 corresponding to the vertical rotating shaft of the prior art is supported by the buoyancy of water, the second floating body 2 corresponding to the floating body of the prior art does not require the support structure of the first floating body 1. Since the first floating body 1 can swing, the second floating body 2 corresponding to the floating body of the prior art does not need to prevent the first floating body 1 from swinging.
- the roller 4 and the generator 5 are disposed in an open space between the first floating body 1 and the second floating body 2.
- the structure of the second floating body 2 corresponding to the floating body of the prior art is simplified as compared with the prior art, the second floating body 2 and the mooring device are reduced in size compared to the prior art, and the second floating body 2 and thus the natural structure
- the manufacturing cost of the energy extraction device A is reduced as compared with the prior art.
- the rollers 4 and the generator 5 are downsized compared to the case of disposing a single large-size roller and a large-capacity generator. 4 and the development cost and the production cost of the generator 5 are reduced. If the number of the rollers 4 and the generators 5 is four or more, it becomes possible to maintain or replace any of the rollers 4 and the generators 5 while continuing the power generation.
- the vertical rotation axis B ′ of the vertical rotation axis windmill B extending upward is fixed to the upper end of the first floating body 1 of the natural energy extraction device A, and the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body 1 is fixed. Is converted into electric energy to obtain the wind power generator C. Since the first floating body 1 has a large moment of inertia, it can absorb fluctuations in wind speed and level the power generation output, and stabilize the direction of the longitudinal rotation axis B ′ by the gyro effect. As shown in FIG.
- the vertical rotary shaft D ′ of the vertical rotary shaft turbine wheel D extending downward is fixed to the lower end of the first floating body 1 of the natural energy extraction device A, and the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body 1 is fixed. Is converted into electric energy to obtain a water current power generation apparatus E. Since the first floating body 1 has a large moment of inertia, it can absorb the fluctuation of the water flow velocity and level the power generation output, and stabilize the direction of the longitudinal rotation axis D ′ by the gyro effect. As shown in FIG. 2C, in the natural energy extraction device A, the energy storage device F is obtained by converting the electric power into the rotational energy of the first floating body 1 through the generator 5 and the roller 4.
- the kinetic energy stored in the first floating body 1 can be taken out as electrical energy when necessary.
- the natural energy extraction device A can be installed in the sea, lakes, rivers, etc. to constitute a wind power generation device, a water current power generation device, and an energy storage device.
- the rotational kinetic energy of the first floating body 1 is converted into the driving torque of the generator 5 and finally extracted as electric energy.
- it may be directly converted into a driving torque of a pump, a compressor, or the like, or may be directly converted into a driving torque of an energy storage device such as a separate flywheel.
- the weight 6 is suspended from the lower end of the first floating body 1 as shown in FIG. 3A, or in the water current generator E of FIG. As shown in b), the weight 6 may be suspended from the lower end of the longitudinal rotation axis D ′ of the longitudinal rotation axis water turbine D.
- the restoration of the first floating body 1, by extension, the wind power generation device C and the water current power generation device E against waves, crosswinds and tidal currents. Strength is strengthened.
- the weight 6 is fixed to the lower end of the first floating body 1 or the vertical rotation axis D ′.
- the weight 6 may be fixed to the lower end of the.
- the lightning rod 7 is attached to the blade 13 that is the blade of the longitudinal rotating shaft wind turbine B or the longitudinal rotating shaft B 'of the longitudinal rotating shaft wind turbine B. May be.
- the lightning current is discharged from the lightning rod 7 through the longitudinal rotating shaft windmill B and the first floating body 1 into the water, the roller 4 as a power transmission device attached to the second floating body 2, and eventually the power generation as a driven device. It does not flow into machine 5. As a result, the generator 5 is protected from lightning.
- a braking body 8 that is accommodated in the first floating body 1 and can protrude and retract in the radial direction from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body.
- FIG. 4B a closed position that is attached to the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1 and extends along the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1 and the radial direction from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1.
- the rotating first floating body 1 can be urgently stopped when an accident occurs.
- a ballast water storage space is provided in the first floating body 1, and ballast water is injected into the first floating body 1 during power generation, as shown in FIG. 3 (a). May be configured to stand upright.
- FIG. 3C shows the case where the ballast water of the first floating body 1 is discharged and the first floating body 1 is floated and laid down at the time of maintenance and inspection of the vertical rotation axis wind turbine B, and the first floating body 1 suspends the weight 6.
- the suspension cable is extended to settle the weight 6, discharge the ballast water of the first floating body 1, float the first floating body 1 and lie down, and bring the vertical rotation axis windmill B closer to the water surface. Maintenance work can be made more efficient.
- a wind turbine generator comprising: a second floating body 2 surrounding the two; a pair of three rollers 4 attached to the second floating body 2 and contacting the pair of first floating bodies 1; and a generator 5 attached to each of the rollers 4
- the second floating body 2 may be moored at multiple points with an intermediate buoy.
- the two mooring lines 11 that connect the second floating body 2 and the intermediate buoy 10 are, when viewed from above, between the pair of first floating bodies 1 on a first straight line X ′ that connects the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies 1.
- the two mooring lines 11 connecting the second floating body 2 and the intermediate buoy 10 are between the pair of first floating bodies 1 on a first straight line X ′ connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies 1 in a top view. Since the second floating body 2 is located leeward of the intermediate buoy 10 when the wind turbine generator is in operation, the second floating body 2 is located on the lee of the intermediate buoy 10 when the wind turbine generator is in operation.
- the first straight line X ′ connecting the rotation axis of the first floating body 1 faces the wind, and the pair of longitudinal rotation axis wind turbines B rotate in directions opposite to each other.
- the radial direction It is desirable that the arm member 12 extending outward is fixed to the second floating body 2, the mooring line 11 is extended from the arm member 12 to the intermediate buoy 10, and the second floating body 2 is moored at one point with the intermediate buoy.
- the tension generated in the mooring line 11 to cancel the torque transmitted from the first floating body 1 to the second floating body 2 can be reduced.
- the longitudinally rotating shaft windmill B has a long length extending vertically and spaced apart from each other.
- a lift type vertical rotation axis windmill B1 having blades 13 is used, and the plurality of blades 13 are twisted around the windmill vertical rotation axis B1 ′ while maintaining the relative positional relationship in the circumferential direction to obtain a lift type vertical rotation axis windmill B1.
- any one of the plurality of blades 13 is in the air flow from the blade trailing edge 13a to the blade leading edge 13b. As a result, a vortex is generated on the blade leading edge 13b side, a negative pressure is generated, and a starting torque is generated. As a result, the windmill B1 can be easily started.
- a longitudinally rotating shaft windmill has a lift-type longitudinal rotation having a plurality of vertically extending elongate blades 13 arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- An axial windmill B1 is used, and the blade 13 is set at a first position in which the upper end shown in FIG. 7A is close to the vertical rotation axis B1 ′, and the upper end shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C is the vertical rotation axis B1 ′.
- the second position separated from the second position may be swingable.
- the swing of the blade 13 is performed by variably controlling the length of the wire 14 that connects the longitudinal rotation axis B1 ′ and the blade 13.
- the blade 13 In a strong wind, the blade 13 is positioned at the first position shown in FIG. 7 (a) to protect the blade 13, and in an appropriate wind, the blade 13 is in the first stage where the blade 13 shown in FIG. During the maintenance and inspection of the vertical rotation axis wind turbine B1, the blade 13 is positioned at the second position of the second stage swung approximately 90 degrees as shown in FIG. Move closer to the water surface to facilitate maintenance work.
- the longitudinally rotating shaft B1 ′ and the blades 13 are linked to each other by three or more swivel joints 15.
- a ballast water storage space is provided in the first floating body 1 and the blades 17 of the longitudinal rotating shaft water turbine D, and ballast water is injected into the first floating body 1 and the blades 17 during power generation.
- the vertical rotary shaft turbine D may be configured to stand upright. When the vertical rotating shaft turbine D is maintained and inspected, the ballast water of the first floating body 1 and the blades 17 is discharged, the blades 17 are lifted and laid down, and the weight 6 is suspended from the vertical rotating shaft turbine D as shown in FIG.
- a braking body that is accommodated in the first floating body 1 and can protrude and retract in the radial direction from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body, or It is swingable between a closed position attached to the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1 and extending along the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1 and an open position protruding radially from the peripheral side surface of the first floating body 1.
- a braking body may be provided.
- the pair of three rollers 4 that come into contact with the pair of first floating bodies 1 and the generator 5 attached to each of the rollers 4 constitute a water current power generation device
- the second floating body 2 is multipoint with an intermediate buoy. May be moored.
- the mooring line 11 connecting the second floating body 2 and the intermediate buoy 10 is a pair of the first straight lines X ′ connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies 1 in a top view.
- the mooring line 11 that connects the second floating body 2 and the intermediate buoy 10 has an intermediate point between the pair of first floating bodies 1 on a first straight line X ′ that connects the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies 1 in a top view.
- the second floating body 2 is on the downstream side of the intermediate buoy 10 when the water current generator E is in operation.
- the first straight line X ′ connecting the rotation axis of the first floating body 1 faces the water flow, and the pair of longitudinal rotation shaft turbines D rotate in opposite directions.
- the torque transmitted from the pair of first floating bodies 1 to the second floating body 2 is canceled, and the rotation of the second floating body 2 is prevented.
- the lateral forces received by the pair of longitudinal rotating shaft turbines D by the Magnus effect are also canceled out.
- mooring is facilitated and mooring costs are reduced.
- the arm member 12 is fixed to the second floating body 2, the mooring line 11 is extended from the arm member 12 to the intermediate buoy 10, and the second floating body 2 is moored at one point with the intermediate buoy.
- the tension generated in the mooring line 11 to cancel the torque transmitted from the first floating body 1 to the second floating body 2 can be reduced.
- the longitudinally rotating shaft turbine wheel D is provided with a plurality of vertically extending long blades disposed at intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the lift-type vertical rotation axis turbine may be a spiral turbine, by twisting the plurality of blades around the vertical rotation axis while maintaining the relative positional relationship in the circumferential direction.
- each wing extends from the base to the tip in a top view as in FIG. It extends in the circumferential direction around the vertical axis of rotation of the turbine.
- the longitudinal rotation extends in the radial direction from the longitudinal rotation axes B ′ and B1 ′.
- a cover having an airfoil cross section In the offshore wind energy extraction device of Patent Document 1, the vertical rotation shaft extends substantially vertically. Therefore, even if an airfoil cross-section cover is attached to the arm connecting the vertical rotation shaft and the blade, the cover is free from relative airflow. Does not have an angle of attack and does not generate lift.
- the induction resistance is decreased and the lift / drag ratio is increased, so that the cover 20 fixed to the arm 18 contributes to the torque generation of the longitudinal rotary shaft wind turbines B and B1.
- the induction resistance increases and the lift / drag ratio decreases, so that the cover 20 becomes a resistance against the torque generation of the longitudinal rotation axis wind turbines B and B1.
- the cover 20 is rotatable around the longitudinal axis of the arm 18 so that the cover 20 does not have an angle of attack with respect to the relative air flow.
- the blade is connected to the long blade 17 that extends in the radial direction from the vertical rotation shaft D ′ and is the blade of the vertical rotation shaft water turbine D.
- a cover having an airfoil cross section is attached to the arm 19.
- the vertical rotary shaft turbine D is inclined to the downstream side, so that the aspect ratio of the cover fixed to the arm 19 is increased as in the wind power generator described above.
- the cover When the lift generated in the cover contributes to the torque of the longitudinally rotating shaft turbine and the aspect ratio of the cover is small, the cover is pivotally attached to the longitudinal axis of the arm 19 to generate lift by the cover, and hence induction resistance.
- the rear edge of the cover that is restrained or fixed to the arm is rotatable about an axis extending in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the arm so that the lift at the rear edge and thus the induction resistance is suppressed.
- the inductive resistance generated in the cover may be reduced.
- the pair of first floating bodies 1, the second floating body 2 surrounding the pair of first floating bodies 1, and the second floating body 2 are attached as in FIG. 5B.
- the pair of three rollers 4 abutting against the pair of first floating bodies 1 and the generator 5 attached to each roller 4 constitute an energy storage device F
- the second floating body 2 is multipoint with an intermediate buoy. May be moored.
- the two mooring lines 11 connecting the second floating body 2 and the intermediate buoy 10 are, when viewed from above, between the pair of first floating bodies 1 on a first straight line X ′ connecting the rotation axes of the pair of first floating bodies 1.
- first floating bodies 1 are rotated in directions opposite to each other during operation of the energy storage device F, torque transmitted from the motor or the generator to the second floating body 2 is offset and rotation of the second floating body 2 is prevented. Is done. As a result, mooring is facilitated and mooring costs are reduced.
- the vertical rotation axis wind turbine and the vertical rotation axis turbine used in the present invention are not limited to specific types. Various types such as Darius type, gyromill type, saponius type, crossflow type, etc. can be used.
- the present invention can be widely used for power generation devices installed on water, energy storage devices, drive devices for driven equipment, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本発明は上記問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、縦回転軸と、縦回転軸を支持する浮体とを備える自然エネルギー取出装置であって、従来技術に比べて浮体の内部構造が簡素で、浮体と係留装置とが小型化され、製造コストが低い装置を提供することを目的とする。
本発明においては、縦回転軸は第1浮体であって水の浮力で支持されるので、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体は第1浮体の支持構造を要さない。第1浮体は揺動可能なので、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体は第1浮体の揺動を阻止する必要が無い。動力伝達装置は第1浮体と第2浮体の間のオープンスペースに配設される。従って、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体の内部構造は従来技術に比べて簡素化され、第2浮体と係留装置とは従来技術に比べて小型化され、第2浮体の製造コストは従来技術に比べて低減する。
被駆動機器として、発電機、ポンプ、圧縮機、エネルギー貯蔵用のフライホイール等が挙げられる。
上方へ延びる縦回転軸風車を第1浮体に固定し、第1浮体の回転運動エネルギーを、発電機の駆動トルクに変換し、最終的に電気エネルギーに変換することにより、風力発電装置が得られる。第1浮体は大きな慣性モーメントを持つので、風速変動を吸収して発電出力を平準化することができ、またジャイロ効果により、風車回転軸の方向を安定させる。
複数の動力伝達装置と発電機とを配設することにより、単一の大容量の動力伝達装置と発電機とを配設する場合に比べて動力伝達装置と発電機とが小型化され動力伝達装置と発電機の開発コストと製造コストとが低減する。また、発電を継続しつつ何れかの動力伝達装置と発電機とを保守し或いは交換することが可能になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、風力発電装置は第1浮体の下端部に固定され或いは第1浮体の下端から吊り下げられた錘を備える。
第1浮体の下端部に錘を固定し或いは第1浮体の下端から錘を吊り下げることにより、波浪や横風に対する風力発電装置の復原力が強化される。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、風力発電装置は縦回転軸風車に取り付けられた避雷針を備える。
落雷の電流は、避雷針から縦回転軸風車と第1浮体とを通って水中に放出され、第2浮体に取り付けられた動力伝達装置、ひいては被駆動機器である発電機には流れない。この結果、発電機が落雷から保護される。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、風力発電装置は第1浮体に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体、又は第1浮体の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体を備える。
制動体を第1浮体に設けることにより、事故発生時等に回転中の第1浮体を緊急停止させることが可能になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、第1浮体はバラスト水収納空間を備え、発電時には第1浮体にバラスト水が注入されている。
風車の保守点検時に、バラストを排出して第1浮体を浮上させて横倒しにし、錘を吊り下げている場合には吊り下げ用の索を繰り出して錘を着底させると共にバラストを排出して第1浮体を浮上させ横倒しにし、縦回転軸風車を水面に接近させて、保守点検作業を容易化できる。
第2浮体と中間ブイとを連結する係留索が、上面視で、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線の前記一対の第1浮体間の中間点を通り第1直線に直交する第2直線に関して線対称に配設されているので、風力発電装置の稼働時に、第2浮体は中間ブイの風下に在り、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線は風に正対し、一対の縦回転軸風車は互いに逆方向に回転する。この結果、一対の第1浮体から第2浮体に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体の回転が防止される。また一対の縦回転軸風車がマグヌス効果によって受ける横方向力も互いに相殺される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
複数の上下に延在する翼を周方向の相対位置関係を維持しつつ、風車縦回転軸回りに捩じると、上面視で、各翼が基部から先端へ向けて風車縦回転軸回りに周方向に延在することになる。この結果、風車回転時のトルク変動が低減する。また停止していた風車が起動する際に、複数の翼の何れかの一部が、翼後縁から翼前縁へ向かう空気流中に置かれることになり、翼前縁側に渦が発生して負圧が発生し、起動トルクが発生する。この結果、風車の起動が容易になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、縦回転軸風車は周方向に互いに間隔を隔てて配設された複数の上下に延在する翼を有する揚力型縦回転軸風車であり、前記翼は、上端が風車縦回転軸に近接した第1位置と上端が風車縦回転軸から離隔した第2位置との間で揺動可能である。
風車のメンテナンス時に、翼を揺動させて翼上端を水面に接近させ、メンテナンス作業を容易化することができる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、縦回転軸風車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに取り付けられており、前記カバーの全体がアームの長手軸線回りに回動可能であるか、又は前記カバーの後縁部がアームの長手軸線に平行な軸線回りに回動可能である。
縦回転軸風車が縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備える場合、アームの空気抵抗を低減させるために、アームに翼型断面のカバーを取り付けるのが望ましい。
特許文献1の洋上風力エネルギー取出装置では縦回転軸は略鉛直に延在するので、縦回転軸と羽根とを連結するアームに翼型断面のカバーを取り付けてもカバーが形成する翼は相対空気流に対して迎角を持たず、揚力を発生させない。しかし本発明に係る風力発電装置では、縦回転軸風車は風下側に傾斜するので、カバーは相対空気流に対して迎角を持ち、揚力を発生させると共に翼端部に誘導抵抗も発生させる。従って、揚力と誘導抵抗とが縦回転軸風車のトルクに与える影響を考慮する必要がある。
カバーのアスペクト比が大きい場合、誘導抵抗が小さく揚抗比が大きいので、カバーをアームに固定し、カバーに発生する揚力を縦回転軸風車のトルクに寄与させるのが望ましい。カバーのアスペクト比が小さい場合には、誘導抵抗が大きく揚抗比が小さいので、カバーを回動自在とし、或いはカバーの後縁部を回動自在としてカバーによる揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生を抑制するのが望ましい。
下方へ延びる縦回転軸水車を第1浮体に固定し、第1浮体の回転運動エネルギーを、発電機の駆動トルクに変換し、最終的に電気エネルギーに変換することにより、水流発電装置が得られる。第1浮体は大きな慣性モーメントを持つので、水流速変動を吸収して発電出力を平準化することができ、またジャイロ効果により、水車回転軸の方向を安定させる。
複数の動力伝達装置と発電機とを配設することにより、単一の大容量の動力伝達装置と発電機とを配設する場合に比べて動力伝達装置と発電機とが小型化され動力伝達装置と発電機の開発コストと製造コストとが低減する。また、発電を継続しつつ何れかの動力伝達装置と発電機とを保守し或いは交換することが可能になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、水流発電装置は縦回転軸水車の縦回転軸の下端部に固定され或いは縦回転軸の下端から吊り下げられた錘を備える。
縦回転軸水車の縦回転軸の下端部に錘を固定し或いは縦回転軸の下端から錘を吊り下げることにより、波浪や潮流に対する水流発電装置の復原力が強化される。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、水流発電装置は第1浮体に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体、又は第1浮体の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体を備える。
制動体を第1浮体に設けることにより、事故発生時等に回転中の第1浮体を緊急停止させることが可能になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とはバラスト水収納空間を備え、発電時には第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とにバラスト水が注入されている。
水車の保守点検時に、バラストを排出して第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とを浮上させて横倒しにし、錘を吊り下げている場合には吊り下げ用の索を繰り出して錘を着底させると共にバラストを排出して第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とを浮上させ横倒しにし、縦回転軸水車を水面に接近させて、保守点検作業を容易化できる。
第2浮体と中間ブイとを連結する係留索が、上面視で、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線の前記一対の第1浮体間の中間点を通り第1直線に直交する第2直線に関して線対称に配設されているので、水流発電装置の稼働時に、第2浮体は中間ブイの下流側に在り、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線は水流に正対し、一対の縦回転軸水車は互いに逆方向に回転する。この結果、一対の第1浮体から第2浮体に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体の回転が防止される。また一対の縦回転軸水車がマグヌス効果によって受ける横方向力も互いに相殺される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、縦回転軸水車は周方向に互いに間隔を隔てて配設された複数の上下に延在する翼を有する揚力型縦回転軸水車であり、前記複数の翼は周方向の相対位置関係を維持しつつ、水車縦回転軸回りに捩じられている。
複数の上下に延在する翼を周方向の相対位置関係を維持しつつ、水車縦回転軸回りに捩じると、上面視で、各翼が基部から先端へ向けて水車縦回転軸回りに周方向に延在することになる。この結果、水車回転時のトルク変動が低減する。また停止していた水車が起動する際に、複数の翼の何れかの一部が、翼後縁から翼前縁へ向かう水流中に置かれることになり、翼前縁側に渦が発生して負圧が発生し、起動トルクが発生する。この結果、水車の起動が容易になる。
本発明の好ましい態様においては、縦回転軸水車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに取り付けられており、前記カバーの全体がアームの長手軸線回りに回動可能であるか、又は前記カバーの後縁部がアームの長手軸線に平行な軸線回りに回動可能である。
縦回転軸水車が縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備える場合、アームの流体抵抗を低減させるために、アームに翼型断面のカバーを取り付けるのが望ましい。
特許文献1の洋上風力エネルギー取出装置では縦回転軸は略鉛直に延在するので、縦回転軸と羽根とを連結するアームに翼型断面のカバーを取り付けてもカバーは相対空気流に対して迎角を持たず、揚力を発生させない。しかし本発明に係る水流発電装置では、縦回転軸水車は下流側に傾斜するので、カバーは相対水流に対して迎角を持ち、揚力を発生させると共に翼端部に誘導抵抗も発生させる。従って、揚力と誘導抵抗とが縦回転軸水車のトルクに与える影響を考慮する必要がある。
カバーのアスペクト比が大きい場合、誘導抵抗が小さく揚抗比が大きいので、カバーをアームに固定し、カバーに発生する揚力を縦回転軸水車のトルクに寄与させるのが望ましい。カバーのアスペクト比が小さい場合には、誘導抵抗が大きく揚抗比が小さいので、カバーを回動自在とし、或いはカバーの後縁部を回動自在としてカバーによる揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生を抑制するのが望ましい。
発電機に供給される電力を第1浮体の回転エネルギーに変換することにより、エネルギー貯留装置が得られる。
エネルギー貯留装置の稼働時に、一対の第1浮体を互いに逆方向へ回転させれば、発電機から第2浮体に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体の回転が防止される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
図1(a)(b)(c)に示すように、自然エネルギー取出装置Aは、縦回転軸、即ち上下に延在する回転軸、を形成する円柱状の第1浮体1と、水上係留されて第1浮体1を取り巻く第2浮体2とを備えている。
第2浮体2は、上面視で、第1浮体1を中心とする正三角形の各頂点に配設された円柱状の浮体2aと、隣接する浮体2a同士を連結する腕部材2bとを有している。3本の腕部材2bは同一平面上に在る。
U型の二股部3a’と二股部の基部から延びる軸部3a”とを有する音叉形状部材である第1部分3aと、U型の二股部3b’と二股部の基部から延びる軸部3b”とを有する一対の音叉形状部材が、二股部3b’を互いに突き当てて一体化された第2部分3bとを有し、第2部分3bの両軸部3b”が第1部分3aの二股部3a’に回動自在に支持された構造を有する支持腕3が、第1部分3aの軸部3a”を腕部材2bに直交させて、腕部材2bの長さ方向中央部に取り付けられている。支持腕3は、3本の腕部材2bが含まれる平面内で、第1浮体1の中心軸線Lへ向けて延びている。第1部分3aの軸部3a”は、当該軸部の中心軸線回りに回動可能に、また図示しないバネの付勢力を受けて、所定のストローク内で腕部材2bから出没自在に、腕部材2bに取り付けられている。各腕部材2bに1個の支持腕3が取り付けられている。
各支持腕3の第2部分3bに、厚肉円盤状のローラー4が回動自在に取り付けられている。
ローラー4は、円盤の中心軸線X回りと、円盤の肉厚中心平面内で軸線Xに直交して第1浮体1の中心軸線Lへ向けて延在する軸線Y回りと、円盤の肉厚中心平面内で軸線Xと軸線Yとの交点を通り且つ前記2軸線に直交する軸線Z回りとに、回動自在に、支持腕3によって支持されている。
3個のローラー4が、上面視で、周方向に120度づつ間隔を隔てて第1浮体1を取り囲んでおり、ローラー4の周側面が第1浮体1の周側面に当接している。ローラー4の周側面は、腕部材3の軸部3a”を付勢する前述の図示しないバネによって、第1浮体1の周側面に押し付けられている。
ローラー4に発電機5が取り付けられている。
自然エネルギー取出装置Aは水上に設置されている。第2浮体2は図示しないアンカー及びチェーン又はワイヤーにより係留されて水面に浮いており、第1浮体1はローラー4によって水平移動が制約される点を除いて自由状態で水面に浮いている。ローラー4と発電機5とは水面よりも上方に在る。
ローラー4は、中心軸線である軸線X回りのみならず、軸線Xに直交する軸線Y、Z回りにも回動可能なので、回転する第1浮体1から受ける抵抗が最小になる姿勢で第1浮体1に当接する。この結果、図1(d)に示すように第1浮体1が揺動して傾斜すると、ローラー4は、軸線Z回りに回動し、軸線Xを第1浮体1の中心軸線Lに平行に延在させて、第1浮体1周側面に当接し、第1浮体1によって回転駆動される。波を受けて回転中の第1浮体1が上下動すると、ローラー4は、軸線Y回りに回動し、図1(e)に示すように、第1浮体1周側面上のローラー4当接部の軌跡Sの延在方向へ周側面を差し向けて、第1浮体1周側面に当接し、第1浮体1によって回転駆動される。
ローラー4は、前述のごとく第1浮体1の周側面に押し付けられているので、第1浮体1が揺動して傾斜し、上下動し、或いは水平動しても、確実に第1浮体1の周側面に当接し、第1浮体1によって回転駆動される。
従来技術の縦回転軸に相当する第1浮体1は、水の浮力で支持されるので、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体2は第1浮体1の支持構造を要さない。第1浮体1は揺動可能なので、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体2は第1浮体1の揺動を阻止する必要が無い。またローラー4と発電機5とは第1浮体1と第2浮体2の間のオープンスペースに配設される。この結果、従来技術の浮体に相当する第2浮体2の構造は従来技術に比べて簡素化され、第2浮体2と係留装置とは従来技術に比べて小型化され、第2浮体2ひいては自然エネルギー取出装置Aの製造コストは従来技術に比べて低減する。
複数のローラー4と発電機5とを配設することにより、単一の大寸法のローラーと大容量の発電機とを配設する場合に比べてローラー4と発電機5とが小型化されローラー4と発電機5の開発コストと製造コストとが低減する。ローラー4と発電機5の個数を4以上にすれば、発電を継続しつつ何れかのローラー4と発電機5とを保守し或いは交換することが可能になる。
図2(b)に示すように、下方へ延びる縦回転軸水車Dの縦回転軸D’を、自然エネルギー取出装置Aの第1浮体1の下端に固定し、第1浮体1の回転運動エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換することにより、水流発電装置Eが得られる。第1浮体1は大きな慣性モーメントを持つので、水流速変動を吸収して発電出力を平準化することができ、またジャイロ効果により、縦回転軸D’の方向を安定させる。
図2(c)に示すように、自然エネルギー取出装置Aにおいて、発電機5とローラー4とを介して電力を第1浮体1の回転エネルギーに変換することにより、エネルギー貯留装置Fが得られる。第1浮体1に貯留された運動エネルギーは、必要時に電気エネルギーとして取り出すことができる。
自然エネルギー取出装置Aを、海、湖沼、河川等に設置して、風力発電装置、水流発電装置、エネルギー貯留装置を構成することができる。
上記実施例では、第1浮体1の回転運動エネルギーを発電機5の駆動トルクに変換し、最終的に電気エネルギーとして取り出したが、第1浮体1の回転運動エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換することなく、ポンプ、圧縮機等の駆動トルクに直接変換しても良く、或いは別置きのフライホイール等のエネルギー貯蔵装置の駆動トルクに直接変換しても良い。
図2(a)の風力発電装置Cにおいて、図4(a)に示すように、縦回転軸風車Bの縦回転軸B’や縦回転軸風車Bの羽根である翼13に避雷針7を取り付けても良い。落雷の電流は、避雷針7から縦回転軸風車Bと第1浮体1とを通って水中に放出され、第2浮体2に取り付けられた動力伝達装置であるローラー4、ひいては被駆動機器である発電機5には流れない。この結果、発電機5が落雷から保護される。
図2(a)の風力発電装置Cにおいて、図4(a)、(b)に示すように、第1浮体1に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体8、又は図4(b)に示すように、第1浮体1の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体1の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体1の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体9を配設しても良い。制動体8、9を第1浮体1に設けることにより、事故発生時等に回転中の第1浮体1を緊急停止させることが可能になる。
図2(a)の風力発電装置Cにおいて、第1浮体1にバラスト水収納空間を設け、発電時に第1浮体1にバラスト水を注入して図3(a)に示すように第1浮体1を直立させるように構成しても良い。縦回転軸風車Bの保守点検時に、第1浮体1のバラスト水を排出し第1浮体1を浮上させ横倒しにし、第1浮体1が錘6を吊り下げている場合には図3(c)に示すように吊り下げ用の索を繰り出して錘6を着底させると共に第1浮体1のバラスト水を排出し第1浮体1を浮上させ横倒しにし、縦回転軸風車Bを水面に接近させて、保守点検作業を効率化することができる。
第2浮体2と中間ブイ10とを連結する2本の係留索11が、上面視で、一対の第1浮体1の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線X’の前記一対の第1浮体1間の中間点を通り第1直線X’に直交する第2直線Y’に関して線対称に配設されているので、風力発電装置の稼働時に、第2浮体2は中間ブイ10の風下に在り、前記一対の第1浮体1の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線X’は風に正対し、一対の縦回転軸風車Bは互いに逆方向に回転する。この結果、一対の第1浮体1から第2浮体2に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体2の回転が防止される。また一対の縦回転軸風車Bがマグヌス効果によって受ける横方向力も互いに相殺される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
単一の縦回転軸風車Bと単一の第1浮体1と第2浮体2とから成る風力発電装置を係留する際には、図5(c)、(d)に示すように、径方向外方へ延びる腕部材12を第2浮体2に固定し、腕部材12から中間ブイ10へ係留索11を延ばして、第2浮体2を中間ブイ付一点係留するのが望ましい。腕部材12を設けて第2浮体2の回転レバーを増加させることにより、第1浮体1から第2浮体2へ伝達されるトルクを打ち消すために係留索11に発生する張力を低減することができる。
翼13を揺動可能に構成した揚力型縦回転軸風車B1において、図7(d)に示すように、縦回転軸B1’と翼13とを、3個以上の旋回関節15を有するリンク機構16で連結すれば、翼13の基部からのみならず、翼13の長手方向中間部からも、縦回転軸B1’を介して第1浮体1に回転トルクを伝達することができる。この結果、翼13の耐久性が向上する。
図2(b)の水流発電装置Eにおいて、図4(a)、(b)と同様に、第1浮体1に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体、又は第1浮体1の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体1の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体1の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体を配設しても良い。制動体を第1浮体1に設けることにより、事故発生時等に回転中の第1浮体1を緊急停止させることが可能になる。
第2浮体2と中間ブイ10とを連結する係留索11が、上面視で、一対の第1浮体1の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線X’の前記一対の第1浮体1間の中間点を通り第1直線X’に直交する第2直線Y’に関して線対称に配設されているので、水流発電装置Eの稼働時に、第2浮体2は中間ブイ10の下流側に在り、前記一対の第1浮体1の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線X’は水流に正対し、一対の縦回転軸水車Dは互いに逆方向に回転する。この結果、一対の第1浮体1から第2浮体2に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体2の回転が防止される。また一対の縦回転軸水車Dがマグヌス効果によって受ける横方向力も互いに相殺される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
単一の縦回転軸風水車Dと単一の第1浮体1と第2浮体2とから成る水流発電装置を係留する際には、図5(d)と同様に、径方向外方へ延びる腕部材12を第2浮体2に固定し、腕部材12から中間ブイ10へ係留索11を延ばして、第2浮体2を中間ブイ付一点係留するのが望ましい。腕部材12を設けて第2浮体2の回転レバーを増加させることにより、第1浮体1から第2浮体2へ伝達されるトルクを打ち消すために係留索11に発生する張力を低減することができる。
特許文献1の洋上風力エネルギー取出装置では縦回転軸は略鉛直に延在するので、縦回転軸と羽根とを連結するアームに翼型断面のカバーを取り付けてもカバーは相対空気流に対して迎角を持たず、揚力を発生させない。しかし図3(a)、図4(a)、図5(a)、図5(c)、図6(a)の風力発電装置では、図3(a)から分かるように風力発電装置の稼働時に縦回転軸風車B、B1は風下側に傾斜するので、図8(a)に示すように、アーム18に取り付けた翼型断面のカバー20は相対空気流に対して迎角を持ち、揚力を発生させると共に翼端部に誘導抵抗も発生させる。従って、揚力と誘導抵抗とが縦回転軸風車B、B1のトルクに与える影響を考慮する必要がある。
図8(b)に示すように、揚力はカバー20の前縁方向へ傾斜するので縦回転軸風車B、B1のトルクに寄与する。カバー20のアスペクト比を大きくすれば誘導抵抗が小さくなり揚抗比が大きくなるので、アーム18に固定されたカバー20は縦回転軸風車B、B1のトルク発生に寄与する。
カバー20のアスペクト比が小さい場合には、誘導抵抗が大きくなり揚抗比が小さくなるので、カバー20は縦回転軸風車B、B1のトルク発生に対する抵抗となる。この場合には、図9(a)、(b)に示すように、カバー20をアーム18の長手軸線回りに回動自在とし、カバー20が相対空気流に対して迎角を持たないようにして、カバー20による揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生を抑制するのが望ましい。尚、カバー20の前縁内部又は前縁外部に、釣合錘21を設ける必要がある。
カバー20のアスペクト比が小さい場合に、図9(c)、(d)に示すように、弦長方向中央部がアーム18に固定されたカバー20の後縁部20aをアーム18の長手軸線と平行に延在する軸線回りに回動自在とし、後縁部20aが相対空気流に対して迎角を持たず、後縁部20aでの揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生が抑制されるようにして、カバー20に発生する誘導抵抗を低減させても良い。尚、カバー後縁部20aの前縁部に、釣合錘22を設ける必要がある。
図3(b)の水流発電装置においても、前述の風力発電装置と同様に、縦回転軸D’から径方向に延び縦回転軸水車Dの羽根である長尺の翼17に連結して翼17を支持するアーム19の流体抵抗を低減させるために、アーム19に翼型断面のカバーを取り付けるのが望ましい。
図3(b)から分かるように水流発電装置の稼働時に縦回転軸水車Dは下流側へ傾斜するので、前述の風力発電装置と同様に、アーム19に固定したカバーのアスペクト比を大きくしてカバーに発生する揚力を縦回転軸水車のトルクに寄与させ、カバーのアスペクト比が小さい場合には、カバーをアーム19の長手軸線に回動自在に取り付けてカバーによる揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生を抑制し、或いはアームに固定したカバーの後縁部をアームの長手軸線に平行に延在する軸線回りに回動自在とし、後縁部での揚力発生、ひいては誘導抵抗発生が抑制されるようにして、カバーに発生する誘導抵抗を低減させても良い。この場合も、カバーの前縁部に釣合錘21と同様の錘を設け、またカバー後縁部の前縁部に釣合錘22と同様の錘を設ける必要がある。
エネルギー貯留装置Fの稼働時に、一対の第1浮体1を互いに逆方向へ回転させれば、モータや発電機から第2浮体2に伝達されるトルクが相殺され、第2浮体2の回転が防止される。この結果、係留が容易化されて係留コストが低減する。
B、B1 縦回転軸風車
B’、B1’ 縦回転軸
C 風力発電装置
D 縦回転軸水車
D’ 縦回転軸
E 水流発電装置
F エネルギー貯留装置
X 中心軸線
Y、Z 軸線
X’ 第1直線
Y’ 第2直線
1 第1浮体
2 第2浮体
2a 浮体
2b 腕部材
3 支持腕
4 ローラー
5 発電機
6 錘
7 避雷針
8、9 制動体
10 中間ブイ
11 係留索
12 腕部材
13、17 翼
14 ワイヤー
15 旋回関節
16 リンク機構
18、19 アーム
20 カバー
20a 後縁部
21、22 釣合錘
Claims (23)
- 揺動可能な縦回転軸を形成する第1浮体と、係留されて第1浮体を取り巻く第2浮体と、第2浮体に取り付けられて第1浮体の回転運動エネルギーを被駆動機器の駆動トルクに変換する動力伝達装置とを備え、水上に設置されることを特徴とする自然エネルギー取出装置。
- 請求項1に記載の自然エネルギー取出装置と、当該装置の第1浮体に固定されて上方へ延びる縦回転軸風車とを備え、被駆動機器は発電機であることを特徴とする風力発電装置。
- 複数の動力伝達装置と発電機とが配設されていることを特徴とする請求項2に記載の風力発電装置。
- 第1浮体の下端部に固定され或いは第1浮体の下端から吊り下げられた錘を備えることを特徴とする請求項2又は3に記載の風力発電装置。
- 縦回転軸風車に取り付けられた避雷針を備えることを特徴とする請求項2乃至4の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 第1浮体に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体、又は第1浮体の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体を備えることを特徴とする請求項2乃至5の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 第1浮体はバラスト水収納空間を備え、発電時には第1浮体にバラスト水が注入されていることを特徴とする請求項2乃至6の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 一対の第1浮体と、前記一対の第1浮体に固定されて上方へ延びる一対の縦回転軸風車と、係留されて前記一対の第1浮体を取り巻く第2浮体と、第2浮体に取り付けられて前記一対の第1浮体の回転運動エネルギーを被駆動機器の駆動トルクに変換する動力伝達装置とを備え、第2浮体は中間ブイ付多点係留され、第2浮体と中間ブイとを連結する係留索は、上面視で、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線の前記一対の第1浮体間の中間点を通り第1直線に直交する第2直線に関して線対称に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項2乃至7の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 縦回転軸風車は周方向に互いに間隔を隔てて配設された複数の上下に延在する翼を有する揚力型縦回転軸風車であり、前記複数の翼は周方向の相対位置関係を維持しつつ、風車縦回転軸回りに捩じられていることを特徴とする請求項2乃至8の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 縦回転軸風車は周方向に互いに間隔を隔てて配設された複数の上下に延在する翼を有する揚力型縦回転軸風車であり、前記翼は上端が風車縦回転軸に近接した第1位置と上端が風車縦回転軸から離隔した第2位置との間で揺動可能であることを特徴とする請求項2乃至8の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 縦回転軸風車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに固定されていることを特徴とする請求項2乃至9の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 縦回転軸風車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに取り付けられており、前記カバーの全体がアームの長手軸線回りに回動可能であるか、又は前記カバーの後縁部がアームの長手軸線に平行な軸線回りに回動可能であることを特徴とする請求項2乃至9の何れか1項に記載の風力発電装置。
- 請求項1に記載の自然エネルギー取出装置と、当該装置の第1浮体に固定されて下方へ延びる縦回転軸水車とを備え、被駆動機器は発電機であることを特徴とする水流発電装置。
- 複数の動力伝達装置と発電機とが配設されていることを特徴とする請求項13に記載の水流発電装置。
- 縦回転軸水車の縦回転軸の下端部に固定され或いは縦回転軸の下端から吊り下げられた錘を備えることを特徴とする請求項13又は14に記載の水流発電装置。
- 第1浮体に収容されて第1浮体の周側面から径方向に出没可能な制動体、又は第1浮体の周側面に取り付けられて第1浮体の周側面に沿って延在する閉位置と第1浮体の周側面から径方向へ突出した開位置との間で揺動可能な制動体を備えることを特徴とする請求項13乃至15の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とはバラスト水収納空間を備え、発電時には第1浮体と縦回転軸水車とにバラスト水が注入されていることを特徴とする請求項13乃至16の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 一対の第1浮体と、前記一対の第1浮体に固定されて下方へ延びる一対の縦回転軸水車と、係留されて前記一対の第1浮体を取り巻く第2浮体と、第2浮体に取り付けられて前記一対の第1浮体の回転運動エネルギーを被駆動機器の駆動トルクに変換する動力伝達装置とを備え、第2浮体は中間ブイ付多点係留され、第2浮体と中間ブイとを連結する係留索は、上面視で、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線の前記一対の第1浮体間の中間点を通り第1直線に直交する第2直線に関して線対称に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項13乃至17の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 縦回転軸水車は周方向に互いに間隔を隔てて配設された複数の上下に延在する翼を有する揚力型縦回転軸水車であり、前記複数の翼は周方向の相対位置関係を維持しつつ、水車縦回転軸回りに捩じられていることを特徴とする請求項13乃至18の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 縦回転軸水車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに固定されていることを特徴とする請求項13乃至19の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 縦回転軸水車は縦回転軸から径方向に延び羽根に連結して羽根を支持するアームを備え、翼型断面のカバーがアームに取り付けられており、前記カバーの全体がアームの長手軸線回りに回動可能であるか、又は前記カバーの後縁部がアームの長手軸線に平行な軸線回りに回動可能であることを特徴とする請求項13乃至19の何れか1項に記載の水流発電装置。
- 請求項1に記載の自然エネルギー取出装置を備え、被駆動機器は発電機であり、発電機に供給される電力を第1浮体の回転エネルギーに変換して第1浮体に貯留することを特徴とするエネルギー貯留装置。
- 一対の第1浮体と、係留されて前記一対の第1浮体を取り巻く第2浮体とを備え、第2浮体は中間ブイ付多点係留され、第2浮体と中間ブイとを連結する係留索は、上面視で、前記一対の第1浮体の回転軸線を結ぶ第1直線の前記一対の第1浮体間の中間点を通り第1直線に直交する第2直線に関して線対称に配設されていることを特徴とする請求項22に記載のエネルギー貯留装置。
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Also Published As
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US20140147248A1 (en) | 2014-05-29 |
EP2716908B1 (en) | 2017-07-12 |
KR20140009482A (ko) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2015194157A (ja) | 2015-11-05 |
EP2716908A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
JP5818743B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
EP2716908A4 (en) | 2014-12-03 |
CN103562547B (zh) | 2016-06-08 |
JP5936291B2 (ja) | 2016-06-22 |
US10047723B2 (en) | 2018-08-14 |
CN103562547A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
KR101558444B1 (ko) | 2015-10-07 |
JP2013032771A (ja) | 2013-02-14 |
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