WO2012165256A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165256A1 WO2012165256A1 PCT/JP2012/063163 JP2012063163W WO2012165256A1 WO 2012165256 A1 WO2012165256 A1 WO 2012165256A1 JP 2012063163 W JP2012063163 W JP 2012063163W WO 2012165256 A1 WO2012165256 A1 WO 2012165256A1
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- 0 Cc1c(*=**=*C=C)c(*C/*=*/*=*2)c2[n]1** Chemical compound Cc1c(*=**=*C=C)c(*C/*=*/*=*2)c2[n]1** 0.000 description 17
- IRBRCWJEKSVAQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C=C1c2c3cccc2)c2cc(-c4cc(-c5ccccc5)ccc4Nc4cc(-c5cccc(-c6cc(-c7ccccc7)nc(-c7ccccc7)n6)c5)ccc4)scc2)C=C1N3c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(C(C=C1c2c3cccc2)c2cc(-c4cc(-c5ccccc5)ccc4Nc4cc(-c5cccc(-c6cc(-c7ccccc7)nc(-c7ccccc7)n6)c5)ccc4)scc2)C=C1N3c1ccccc1 IRBRCWJEKSVAQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGKBONACVKBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1)C=CC=C1[n]1c(ccc(-c(cc2)cc(c3cc(-c4ccccc4)ccc33)c2[n]3-c(cc2)ccc2-c2cc(-c3ccccc3)nc(-c3ccccc3)n2)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 Chemical compound C(C1)C=CC=C1[n]1c(ccc(-c(cc2)cc(c3cc(-c4ccccc4)ccc33)c2[n]3-c(cc2)ccc2-c2cc(-c3ccccc3)nc(-c3ccccc3)n2)c2)c2c2c1cccc2 HGKBONACVKBHNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NDXJJBBOFPATQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1)C=CC=C1c1nc(C2C=CC=CC2)nc(-c(cc2)ccc2-[n]2c(ccc(-c(cc3c4c5CCC(c6ccccc6)=C4)ccc3[n]5-c3ccccc3)c3)c3c3cc(-c4ccccc4)ccc23)c1 Chemical compound C(C1)C=CC=C1c1nc(C2C=CC=CC2)nc(-c(cc2)ccc2-[n]2c(ccc(-c(cc3c4c5CCC(c6ccccc6)=C4)ccc3[n]5-c3ccccc3)c3)c3c3cc(-c4ccccc4)ccc23)c1 NDXJJBBOFPATQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJWWKKJXHAADBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1)C=Cc(c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc(c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc55)c4[n]5-c4cc(-c5cc(-c6ccccc6)nc(-c6ccccc6)n5)ccc4)c2)c1[n]3-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(C1)C=Cc(c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc(c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc55)c4[n]5-c4cc(-c5cc(-c6ccccc6)nc(-c6ccccc6)n5)ccc4)c2)c1[n]3-c1ccccc1 VJWWKKJXHAADBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJHNTWUBPMIXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(CC(c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1)=C1)c2c1c(cccc1)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 Chemical compound C(CC(c(cc1)cc(c2ccccc22)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1)=C1)c2c1c(cccc1)c1[n]2-c1ccccc1 AJHNTWUBPMIXFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYFSLANYCHBUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1C=CC=CC1[n]1c(ccc(-c(cc2c3c4cccc3)ccc2[n]4-c2ccccc2)c2)c2c2cc(-c(cc3)cc(C4C=CC=CC44)c3N4c3ccccc3)ccc12 Chemical compound C1C=CC=CC1[n]1c(ccc(-c(cc2c3c4cccc3)ccc2[n]4-c2ccccc2)c2)c2c2cc(-c(cc3)cc(C4C=CC=CC44)c3N4c3ccccc3)ccc12 UYFSLANYCHBUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKNRASHVLOWJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1C=CC=CC1c1nc(-c2ccccc2)nc(-c2cc(-c3cccc(-c(cc4)ccc4-[n]4c(ccc(-c(cc5)cc(c6c7ccc(-c8ccccc8)c6)c5[n]7-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc45)c3)ccc2)c1 Chemical compound C1C=CC=CC1c1nc(-c2ccccc2)nc(-c2cc(-c3cccc(-c(cc4)ccc4-[n]4c(ccc(-c(cc5)cc(c6c7ccc(-c8ccccc8)c6)c5[n]7-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc45)c3)ccc2)c1 NKNRASHVLOWJPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRZDBEOOMIHSLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC=C1)c2c1c(C=CC(C1)c(cc3)cc(c4c5cccc4)c3[n]5C3=CC=CCC3)c1[nH]2 Chemical compound CC(CC=C1)c2c1c(C=CC(C1)c(cc3)cc(c4c5cccc4)c3[n]5C3=CC=CCC3)c1[nH]2 PRZDBEOOMIHSLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZHXIINKPBXMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C)c2cc(-c3nc(-c4ccccc4)nc(-c(cc4)ccc4-[n]4c(ccc(-c(cc5c6c7cccc6)ccc5[n]7-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc45)c3)ccc2C2=CC1C=CC=C2 Chemical compound CC1(C)c2cc(-c3nc(-c4ccccc4)nc(-c(cc4)ccc4-[n]4c(ccc(-c(cc5c6c7cccc6)ccc5[n]7-c5ccccc5)c5)c5c5cc(-c6ccccc6)ccc45)c3)ccc2C2=CC1C=CC=C2 CZHXIINKPBXMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSGHPCQRIOIRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC(Cc(c(nc1C#N)c(c(nc2C#N)c3nc2C#N)nc1C#N)c3N=C1C#N)=C1C#N Chemical compound CCC(Cc(c(nc1C#N)c(c(nc2C#N)c3nc2C#N)nc1C#N)c3N=C1C#N)=C1C#N GSGHPCQRIOIRJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVWSEIKFOUWCHA-JUSONEKVSA-N C[C@@H](C1C=CC=CC1)/N=C(/c(cc1)cnc1N(C1C=CC=CC1C1C=C2)C1C=C2C(C[C@@H]1C2=C3C=CCC2)=CC=C1N3c1ccccc1)\N=N\CC1=CC=CCC1 Chemical compound C[C@@H](C1C=CC=CC1)/N=C(/c(cc1)cnc1N(C1C=CC=CC1C1C=C2)C1C=C2C(C[C@@H]1C2=C3C=CCC2)=CC=C1N3c1ccccc1)\N=N\CC1=CC=CCC1 GVWSEIKFOUWCHA-JUSONEKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIAMAXCKCFDBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc(c5c6cccc5)c4[n]6-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3C(CC1)=CC=C1c1cc(C2CC=CCC2)nc(-c2ccccc2)n1 Chemical compound Fc(cc1c2c3ccc(-c(cc4)cc(c5c6cccc5)c4[n]6-c4ccccc4)c2)ccc1[n]3C(CC1)=CC=C1c1cc(C2CC=CCC2)nc(-c2ccccc2)n1 BIAMAXCKCFDBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/615—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene
- H10K85/624—Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene containing six or more rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/657—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons
- H10K85/6572—Polycyclic condensed heteroaromatic hydrocarbons comprising only nitrogen in the heteroaromatic polycondensed ring system, e.g. phenanthroline or carbazole
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/10—Triplet emission
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element.
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence device using a compound of the same system having a specific nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle linking structure.
- an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter referred to as an organic EL element)
- holes from the anode and electrons from the cathode are injected into the light emitting layer.
- the injected holes and electrons are recombined to form excitons.
- singlet excitons and triplet excitons are generated at a ratio of 25%: 75% according to the statistical rule of electron spin.
- the fluorescence type uses light emitted from singlet excitons, and therefore the internal quantum efficiency of the organic EL element is said to be limited to 25%.
- the phosphorescent type uses light emission by triplet excitons, so that it is known that the internal quantum efficiency is increased to 100% when intersystem crossing is efficiently performed from singlet excitons.
- an optimal element design has been made according to a light emission mechanism of a fluorescent type and a phosphorescent type.
- phosphorescent organic EL elements cannot obtain high-performance elements by simple diversion of fluorescent element technology because of their light emission characteristics.
- the reason is generally considered as follows.
- phosphorescence emission is emission using triplet excitons
- the energy gap of the compound used in the light emitting layer must be large. This is because the value of the singlet energy of a compound (the energy difference between the lowest excited singlet state and the ground state) is usually the triplet energy of the compound (the energy between the lowest excited triplet state and the ground state). This is because it is larger than the value of the difference.
- a host material having a triplet energy larger than the triplet energy of the phosphorescent dopant material must be used for the light emitting layer. I must.
- a compound having a triplet energy larger than that of the phosphorescent dopant material must be used for the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer.
- hydrocarbon compounds having high oxidation resistance and reduction resistance useful for fluorescent elements have a large energy gap due to the large spread of ⁇ electron clouds. Therefore, in the phosphorescent organic EL element, such a hydrocarbon compound is difficult to select, and an organic compound containing a hetero atom such as oxygen or nitrogen is selected. As a result, the phosphorescent organic EL element is There is a problem that the lifetime is shorter than that of a fluorescent organic EL element.
- the exciton relaxation rate of the triplet exciton of the phosphorescent dopant material is much longer than that of the singlet exciton also greatly affects the device performance. That is, since light emitted from singlet excitons has a high relaxation rate that leads to light emission, the diffusion of excitons to the peripheral layers of the light-emitting layer (for example, a hole transport layer or an electron transport layer) hardly occurs and is efficient. Light emission is expected. On the other hand, light emission from triplet excitons is spin-forbidden and has a slow relaxation rate, so that excitons are likely to diffuse to the peripheral layer, and thermal energy deactivation occurs from other than specific phosphorescent compounds. End up.
- control of the recombination region of electrons and holes is more important than the fluorescent organic EL element.
- material selection and element design different from those of fluorescent organic EL elements are required.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a combination of a phosphorescent host material in which carbazole and azine are linked and a carbazole-containing amine-based hole transport material having a large triplet energy.
- Proven monoamine materials are used as hole transport materials, but due to the structure of monoamine materials, the durability against electric charges is weak, and this host material has a structure in which carbazoles are not directly connected to each other The ionization potential is large, and hole accumulation occurs at the interface between the hole transport material and the host material, which adversely affects device performance.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a combination of a biscarbazole-based phosphorescent host material linked with carbazole and a carbazole-containing amine-based hole transport material having a large triplet energy. Since a host material with a low ionization potential is used, the hole injection property from the hole transport material is improved. However, since a conventional monoamine material is used for the hole transport material, a triplet is used. Energy is easy to diffuse.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to realize a long-life organic EL element that can be driven at a low voltage.
- the inventors of the present invention have identified compounds of the same family having a specific nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle linkage structure as a first organic thin film layer and a second organic thin film layer.
- the amount of holes injected into the second organic thin film layer is reduced.
- the load of electrons on the first organic thin film layer is reduced, so that the organic EL device has a longer life, and the compound having the specific nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic linkage structure is triple. It has been found that triplet excitons can be efficiently confined in the second organic thin film layer because the term energy is large.
- a first organic thin film layer and a second organic thin film layer are provided in this order from the anode side between the opposing anode and cathode, and the first organic thin film layer is represented by the following formula (1-1):
- the second organic thin film layer includes an aromatic heterocyclic derivative B represented by the following formula (2-1), and the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A and the aromatic heterocyclic ring
- the organic electroluminescence device characterized in that the derivative B is different from each other, [In the formula (1-1), W 1 and W 2 each independently represent a single bond, CR 1 R 2 or SiR 1 R 2 .
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number
- a haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms Represents a heteroaryl group.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- X 1 to X 16 one of X 5 to X 8 and one of X 9 to X 12 represent carbon atoms bonded to each other, and the other X 1 to X 16 are each independently , CR 3 or a nitrogen atom.
- R 3 is independently hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.
- W 3 and W 4 each independently represents a single bond, CR 4 R 5 or SiR 4 R 5 .
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number A haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms Represents a heteroaryl group.
- L 3 and L 4 each independently represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 16 one of Y 5 to Y 8 and one of Y 9 to Y 12 represent carbon atoms bonded to each other, and the other Y 1 to Y 16 are each independently , CR 6 or a nitrogen atom.
- R 6 is independently hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.
- a 3 and A 4 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- a 3 and A 4 is represented by the following formula (2-a): [In the formula (2-a), Z 1 to Z 5 each independently represent CR 7 or a nitrogen atom.
- Each R 7 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted group;
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of the above 1 to 3, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A is represented by the following formula (1-3): [In Formula (1-3), A 1 , A 2 , L 1 , L 2 and X 1 to X 16 are the same as those in Formula (1-1). ] 5.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of the above 1 to 3, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A is represented by the following formula (1-4) or (1-5): [In the formulas (1-4) and (1-5), A 1 , A 2 , L 1 , L 2 and X 1 to X 16 are the same as those in the formula (1-1). ] 6). 6.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1 to 5 above, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B is represented by the following formula (2-3): [In Formula (2-3), A 3 , A 4 , L 3 , L 4 and Y 1 to Y 16 are the same as those in Formula (2-1). ] 7. 6. The organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1 to 5 above, wherein the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B is represented by the following formula (2-4) or (2-5): [In the formulas (2-4) and (2-5), A 3 , A 4 , L 3 , L 4 and Y 1 to Y 16 are the same as those in the formula (2-1). ] 8). 7.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1 to 10, wherein a layer containing a compound represented by the following formula (10) is bonded to the first organic thin film layer:
- R 7 to R 12 are each independently a cyano group, —CONH 2 , a carboxy group, or —COOR 13 (R 13 is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms). Or R 7 and R 8 , R 9 and R 10 , or R 11 and R 12 are bonded together to form —CO—O—CO—. 12 12.
- the organic electroluminescence device according to any one of 1 to 11 above, wherein the second organic thin film layer contains a phosphorescent material, and 13.
- the organic electroluminescent device according to 12 above, wherein the phosphorescent material is an orthometalated complex of iridium (Ir), osmium (Os) or platinum (Pt) metal, I will provide a.
- an organic electroluminescence element that can be driven at a low voltage and has a long lifetime.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the organic electroluminescence device of the present invention includes a first organic thin film layer and a second organic thin film layer in this order from the anode side between the opposing anode and cathode, and the first organic thin film layer has the following formula:
- the second organic thin film layer includes an aromatic heterocyclic derivative B represented by the following formula (2-1), and the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A represented by the formula (2-1):
- the heterocyclic derivative A and the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B are different from each other.
- Aromaatic heterocyclic derivative A The aromatic heterocyclic derivative A in the present invention is represented by the following formula (1-1).
- W 1 and W 2 each independently represent a single bond, CR 1 R 2 or SiR 1 R 2 .
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number A haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms Represents a heteroaryl group.
- a 1 and A 2 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- X 1 to X 16 one of X 5 to X 8 and one of X 9 to X 12 represent carbon atoms bonded to each other, and the other X 1 to X 16 are each independently , CR 3 or a nitrogen atom.
- R 3 is independently hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative A those represented by the following formula (1-2), (1-3), (1-4) or (1-5) are preferably used. [In the formulas (1-2) to (1-5), A 1 , A 2 , L 1 , L 2 and X 1 to X 16 are the same as those in the formula (1-1). ] As the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A, those represented by the above formula (1-3), (1-4) or (1-5) are more preferred, and those represented by the above formula (1-3) Is more preferable.
- At least one of A 1 and A 2 is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group.
- Aromaatic heterocyclic derivative B The aromatic heterocyclic derivative B in the present invention is represented by the following formula (2-1).
- W 3 and W 4 each independently represents a single bond, CR 4 R 5 or SiR 4 R 5 .
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon number A haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms Represents a heteroaryl group.
- R 4 and R 5 may form a bond with each other to form a ring structure.
- L 3 and L 4 each independently represents a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 2 to 30 ring carbon atoms.
- Y 1 to Y 16 one of Y 5 to Y 8 and one of Y 9 to Y 12 represent carbon atoms bonded to each other, and the other Y 1 to Y 16 are each independently , CR 6 or a nitrogen atom.
- R 6 is independently hydrogen atom, fluorine atom, cyano group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.
- a 3 and A 4 each independently represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms or a
- a 3 and A 4 is represented by the following formula (2-a).
- Z 1 to Z 5 each independently represent CR 7 or a nitrogen atom.
- Each R 7 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted group;
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative B those represented by the following formula (2-2), (2-3), (2-4) or (2-5) are preferably used. [In the formulas (2-2) to (2-5), A 3 , A 4 , L 3 , L 4 and Y 1 to Y 16 are the same as those in the formula (2-1). ] As the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B, those represented by the above formula (2-3), (2-4) or (2-5) are more preferred.
- alkyl groups represented by R 1 to R 7 include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, and n-pentyl group.
- Examples of the cycloalkyl group represented by R 1 to R 7 include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, and the like, preferably a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R 1 to R 7 include a group represented by —OY (where Y is the above alkyl group), and preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a propoxy group.
- Examples of the haloalkyl group represented by R 1 to R 7 include groups obtained by substituting at least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group with a halogen atom selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodo atom, and a bromine atom.
- a halogen atom selected from a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, an iodo atom, and a bromine atom.
- trifluoromethyl group 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa A fluoro-2-propyl group;
- haloalkoxy group represented by R 1 to R 7 examples include a group represented by —OY ′ (where Y ′ is the above haloalkyl group), preferably a trifluoromethoxy group, 2,2,2 -Trifluoroethoxy group, 1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy group, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propoxy group.
- Examples of the alkylsilyl group represented by R 1 to R 7 include —SiH 2 R, —SiHR 2 , or —SiR 3 (wherein R is the alkyl group described above, and two or three Rs are the same or different.
- R is the alkyl group described above, and two or three Rs are the same or different.
- the trimethylsilyl group, the triethylsilyl group, and the t-butyldimethylsilyl group are preferable.
- aryl groups represented by R 1 to R 7 and A 1 to A 4 include phenyl group, naphthyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, quarterphenyl group, fluorenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, benzofluoranthenyl group , Dibenzofluoranthenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, benzophenanthrenyl group, triphenylenyl group, benzotriphenylenyl group, dibenzotriphenylenyl group, naphthotriphenylenyl group, chrysenyl group, benzochrysenyl group, picenyl group, binaphthyl group, etc. Is mentioned.
- Examples of the arylsilyl group represented by R 1 to R 7 include —SiH 2 R ′, —SiHR ′ 2 , or —SiR ′ 3 (where R ′ is the aryl group described above, and 2 or 3 R ′ May be the same or different), and is preferably a triphenylsilyl group.
- Examples of the aralkyl group represented by R 1 to R 7 include groups having 7 to 30 carbon atoms obtained by substituting one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group with the aryl group, preferably a benzyl group, A naphthylmethyl group.
- the heteroaryl groups represented by R 1 to R 7 and A 1 to A 4 include pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, and thiazolyl Group, pyrazolyl group, isoxazolyl group, isothiazolyl group, oxadiazolyl group, thiadiazolyl group, triazolyl group, indolyl group, isoindolyl group, benzofuranyl group, isobenzofuranyl group, benzothiophenyl group, indolizinyl group, quinolidinyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl Group, cinnolyl group, phthalazinyl group, quinazolinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, benzimidazolyl group, benzoxazo
- the heteroaryl groups represented by A 1 and A 2 include pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, indolizinyl, carbazolyl, dibenzofura Nyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, dihydroacridinyl group, phenothiazinyl group, phenoxazinyl group, xanthenyl group and the like are preferable.
- Examples of the arylene group represented by L 1 to L 4 include phenylene group, naphthylene group, biphenylylene group, terphenylylene group, quarterphenylylene group, fluorenediyl group, fluoranthenediyl group, benzofluoranthenediyl group, Dibenzofluoranthene diyl group, phenanthrene diyl group, benzophenanthrene diyl group, triphenylene diyl group, benzotriphenylene diyl group, dibenzotriphenylene diyl group, naphthotriphenylene diyl group, chrysenylene group, benzocrisenylene group, picenylene group, binaphthylylene group, etc. Is mentioned.
- heteroarylene group represented by the above L 1 to L 4 examples include pyrroldiyl group, furylene group, thienylene group, pyridinylene group, pyridazinylene group, pyrimidinylene group, pyrazinylene group, triazinylene group, imidazolylene group, oxazolylene group, thiazolylene group, pyrazolylene group.
- heteroarylene represented by L 1 and L 2 examples include a pyrrole diyl group, a furylene group, a thienylene group, an indoylene group, an isoindolinylene group, a benzofuranylene group, an isobenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an indodinylene group, and a carbazolylene.
- Group, dibenzofuranylene group, dibenzothiophenylene group, dihydroacridinylene group, phenothiazinylene group, phenoxazinylene group, xanthenylene group and the like are preferable.
- adjacent R 1 to R 7 are bonded to each other to form a ring, adjacent R 1 to R 7 are bonded to form a butane-1,4-diyl group or 1,3-butadiene-1,4-diyl.
- a divalent group such as a group is formed to form a ring together with the ring-forming atom.
- the optional substituent in the case of “substituted or unsubstituted” described above and below is a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- substituents are as described above. These substituents may be plural, and when plural, they may be the same as or different from each other.
- heteroaryl groups in the substituents on A 1 , A 2 , L 1 and L 2 are pyrrolyl, furyl, thienyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothio.
- a phenyl group, an indolizinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a dihydroacridinyl group, a phenothiazinyl group, a phenoxazinyl group, or a xanthenyl group is preferred.
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative A is represented by the formula (1-3) and the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B is represented by the formula (2-3).
- the aromatic heterocyclic derivative A is represented by the formula (1-3), and the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B is represented by the formula (2-4) or the formula (2-5). It is preferable.
- a 1 , A 2 , L 1 and L 2 are the same as above.
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative A represented by the formula (1-1) or the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B represented by the formula (2-1) are described below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Absent.
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative A represented by the formula (1-1) are described below, but are not limited thereto.
- aromatic heterocyclic derivative B represented by the formula (2-1) are described below, but are not limited thereto.
- the organic EL device of the present invention includes a first organic thin film layer and a second organic thin film layer in this order from the anode side between the cathode and the anode, and the first organic thin film layer and the second organic thin film layer are provided. It is preferably in contact.
- the first organic thin film layer is preferably a hole transport layer or a space layer
- the second organic thin film layer is preferably a light emitting layer.
- the organic EL element of the present invention may be a phosphorescent monochromatic light emitting element, a fluorescent / phosphorescent white light emitting element, a simple type having a single light emitting unit, It may be a tandem type having the light emitting unit.
- the “light emitting unit” refers to a minimum unit that includes one or more organic layers, one of which is a light emitting layer, and can emit light by recombination of injected holes and electrons. Accordingly, typical element configurations of simple organic EL elements include the following element configurations. (1) Anode / light emitting unit / cathode
- the light emitting unit may be a laminated type having a plurality of phosphorescent light emitting layers and fluorescent light emitting layers. In that case, excitons generated in the phosphorescent light emitting layer diffuse between the light emitting layers in the fluorescent light emitting layer. In order to prevent this, a space layer may be provided. A typical layer structure of the light emitting unit is shown below.
- the first organic thin film layer and the second organic thin film layer of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the first organic thin film layer is provided on the anode side with
- the combination of the first organic thin film layer and the second organic thin film layer is a combination of a hole transport layer and a first phosphorescent light emitting layer, a combination of a first phosphorescent light emitting layer and a space layer, a space layer and a second layer. Any of a combination of a phosphorescent light emitting layer, a combination of a second phosphorescent light emitting layer and a space layer, and a combination of a space layer and a fluorescent light emitting layer may be used.
- the second organic thin film layer is a light emitting layer.
- the second organic thin film layer is a light emitting layer
- the hole barrier to the light emitting layer is reduced, and hole accumulation is eliminated at the interface of the light emitting layer, so that the generation of excitons is promoted and the generated excitons are quenched. It emits light efficiently without any problems.
- Each phosphorescent or fluorescent light-emitting layer may have a different emission color.
- a layer structure such as an electron transport layer can be used.
- An electron barrier layer may be appropriately provided between each light emitting layer and the hole transport layer or space layer.
- a hole blocking layer may be appropriately provided between each light emitting layer and the electron transport layer.
- the following element structure can be mentioned as a typical element structure of a tandem type organic EL element.
- the intermediate layer is generally called an intermediate electrode, an intermediate conductive layer, a charge generation layer, an electron extraction layer, a connection layer, or an intermediate insulating layer, and has electrons in the first light emitting unit and holes in the second light emitting unit.
- a known material structure to be supplied can be used.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an example of the organic EL element of the present invention.
- the organic EL element 1 includes a substrate 2, an anode 3, a cathode 4, and a light emitting unit 10 disposed between the anode 3 and the cathode 4.
- the light emitting unit 10 includes a light emitting layer 5 including at least one phosphorescent light emitting layer including a phosphorescent host material and a phosphorescent dopant.
- a hole transport layer 6 or the like may be formed between the light emitting layer 5 and the anode 3, and an electron transport layer 7 or the like may be formed between the light emitting layer 5 and the cathode 4.
- an electron barrier layer may be provided on the anode 3 side of the light emitting layer 5, and a hole barrier layer may be provided on the cathode 4 side of the light emitting layer 5.
- a host combined with a fluorescent dopant is referred to as a fluorescent host
- a host combined with a phosphorescent dopant is referred to as a phosphorescent host.
- the fluorescent host and the phosphorescent host are not distinguished only by the molecular structure. That is, the phosphorescent host means a material constituting a phosphorescent light emitting layer containing a phosphorescent dopant, and does not mean that it cannot be used as a material constituting a fluorescent light emitting layer. The same applies to the fluorescent host.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is produced on a translucent substrate.
- the light-transmitting substrate is a substrate that supports the organic EL element, and is preferably a smooth substrate having a light transmittance in the visible region of 400 nm to 700 nm of 50% or more.
- a glass plate, a polymer plate, etc. are mentioned.
- the glass plate include those using soda lime glass, barium / strontium-containing glass, lead glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate glass, quartz and the like as raw materials.
- the polymer plate include those using polycarbonate, acrylic, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfide, polysulfone and the like as raw materials.
- the anode of the organic EL element plays a role of injecting holes into the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and it is effective to use a material having a work function of 4.5 eV or more.
- Specific examples of the anode material include indium tin oxide alloy (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), indium zinc oxide, gold, silver, platinum, copper, and the like.
- the anode can be produced by forming a thin film of these electrode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. When light emitted from the light emitting layer is extracted from the anode, it is preferable that the transmittance of light in the visible region of the anode is greater than 10%.
- the sheet resistance of the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness of the anode depends on the material, but is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 10 nm to 200 nm.
- the cathode plays a role of injecting electrons into the electron injection layer, the electron transport layer or the light emitting layer, and is preferably formed of a material having a small work function.
- the cathode material is not particularly limited, and specifically, indium, aluminum, magnesium, magnesium-indium alloy, magnesium-aluminum alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, aluminum-scandium-lithium alloy, magnesium-silver alloy and the like can be used.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering. Moreover, you may take out light emission from the cathode side as needed.
- An organic layer having a light emitting function includes a host material and a dopant material.
- the host material mainly has a function of encouraging recombination of electrons and holes and confining excitons in the light emitting layer, and the dopant material efficiently emits excitons obtained by recombination. It has a function.
- the host material mainly has a function of confining excitons generated by the dopant in the light emitting layer.
- the light emitting layer employs, for example, a double host (also referred to as host / cohost) that adjusts the carrier balance in the light emitting layer by combining an electron transporting host and a hole transporting host. Also good.
- the aromatic heterocyclic derivative B used for the second organic thin film layer of the present invention functions as a hole-transporting cohost.
- the above light-emitting layer is a laminate in which a plurality of light-emitting layers are stacked, so that electrons and holes are accumulated at the light-emitting layer interface, and the recombination region is concentrated at the light-emitting layer interface to improve quantum efficiency. Can do.
- the ease of injecting holes into the light emitting layer may be different from the ease of injecting electrons, and the hole transport ability and electron transport ability expressed by the mobility of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer may be different. May be different.
- the light emitting layer can be formed by a known method such as a vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, or an LB method.
- the light emitting layer can also be formed by thinning a solution obtained by dissolving a binder such as a resin and a material compound in a solvent by a spin coating method or the like.
- the light emitting layer is preferably a molecular deposited film.
- the molecular deposited film is a thin film formed by deposition from a material compound in a gas phase state or a film formed by solidifying from a material compound in a solution state or a liquid phase state.
- the thin film (molecular accumulation film) formed by the LB method can be classified by the difference in the aggregation structure and the higher-order structure, and the functional difference resulting therefrom.
- the phosphorescent dopant (phosphorescent material) that forms the light emitting layer is a compound that can emit light from the triplet excited state, and is not particularly limited as long as it emits light from the triplet excited state, but Ir, Pt, Os, Au, Cu, An organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from Re and Ru and a ligand is preferable.
- the ligand preferably has an ortho metal bond.
- a metal complex containing a metal atom selected from Ir, Os and Pt is preferred in that the phosphorescent quantum yield is high and the external quantum efficiency of the light emitting device can be further improved, and an iridium complex, an osmium complex, or a platinum complex.
- iridium complexes and platinum complexes are more preferable, and orthometalated iridium complexes are particularly preferable.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. For example, it is preferably 0.1 to 70% by mass, more preferably 1 to 30% by mass. If the phosphorescent dopant content is 0.1% by mass or more, sufficient light emission can be obtained, and if it is 70% by mass or less, concentration quenching can be avoided.
- the phosphorescent host is a compound having a function of efficiently emitting the phosphorescent dopant by efficiently confining the triplet energy of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer.
- the phosphorescent host can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose.
- the phosphorescent host include carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styryl.
- Anthracene derivatives fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, porphyrin compounds, anthraquinodimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thio Pyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenylidene methane derivatives, distyryl pyrazine derivatives, naphthalene perylene, etc.
- metal complex polysilane compounds represented by metal complexes of a metal ring having a metal ring having a ring-shaped tetracarboxylic anhydride, a phthalocyanine derivative, an 8-quinolinol derivative, a metal phthalocyanine, a benzoxazole or a benzothiazole, poly (N- Vinyl carbazole) derivatives, aniline copolymers, thiophene oligomers, conductive polymer oligomers such as polythiophene, polymer compounds such as polythiophene derivatives, polyphenylene derivatives, polyphenylene vinylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and the like.
- a phosphorescent host may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together. Specific examples include the following compounds.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 50 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 50 nm.
- the thickness is 5 nm or more, it is easy to form a light emitting layer, and when the thickness is 50 nm or less, an increase in driving voltage can be avoided.
- the organic EL device of the present invention preferably has an electron donating dopant in the interface region between the cathode and the light emitting unit. According to such a configuration, it is possible to improve the light emission luminance and extend the life of the organic EL element.
- the electron donating dopant means a material containing a metal having a work function of 3.8 eV or less, and specific examples thereof include alkali metals, alkali metal complexes, alkali metal compounds, alkaline earth metals, alkaline earths. Examples thereof include at least one selected from metal complexes, alkaline earth metal compounds, rare earth metals, rare earth metal complexes, rare earth metal compounds, and the like.
- alkali metal examples include Na (work function: 2.36 eV), K (work function: 2.28 eV), Rb (work function: 2.16 eV), Cs (work function: 1.95 eV), and the like.
- a function of 2.9 eV or less is particularly preferable. Of these, K, Rb, and Cs are preferred, Rb and Cs are more preferred, and Cs is most preferred.
- alkaline earth metals include Ca (work function: 2.9 eV), Sr (work function: 2.0 eV to 2.5 eV), Ba (work function: 2.52 eV), and the like. The thing below 9 eV is especially preferable.
- rare earth metals examples include Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and the like, and those having a work function of 2.9 eV or less are particularly preferable.
- alkali metal compound examples include alkali oxides such as Li 2 O, Cs 2 O, and K 2 O, and alkali halides such as LiF, NaF, CsF, and KF, and LiF, Li 2 O, and NaF are preferable.
- alkaline earth metal compound examples include BaO, SrO, CaO, and Ba x Sr 1-x O (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Ba x Ca 1-x O (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) mixed with these. BaO, SrO, and CaO are preferable.
- the rare earth metal compound, YbF 3, ScF 3, ScO 3, Y 2 O 3, Ce 2 O 3, GdF 3, TbF 3 and the like, YbF 3, ScF 3, TbF 3 are preferable.
- the alkali metal complex, alkaline earth metal complex, and rare earth metal complex are not particularly limited as long as each metal ion contains at least one of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, and a rare earth metal ion.
- the ligand includes quinolinol, benzoquinolinol, acridinol, phenanthridinol, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxydiaryl oxadiazole, hydroxydiaryl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, hydroxybenzotriazole, Hydroxyfulborane, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, cyclopentadiene, ⁇ -diketones, azomethines, and derivatives thereof are preferred, but not limited thereto.
- the electron donating dopant it is preferable to form a layered or island shape in the interface region.
- a forming method while depositing an electron donating dopant by resistance heating vapor deposition, an organic compound (light emitting material or electron injecting material) that forms an interface region is simultaneously deposited, and the electron donating dopant is dispersed in the organic compound.
- the electron donating dopant is formed in a layered form
- the reducing dopant is vapor-deposited by a resistance heating vapor deposition method. .1 nm to 15 nm.
- the electron donating dopant is formed in an island shape
- the electron donating dopant is deposited by resistance heating vapor deposition alone, preferably The island is formed with a thickness of 0.05 nm to 1 nm.
- an organic layer close to the cathode may be defined as an electron injection layer.
- the electron injection layer has a function of efficiently injecting electrons from the cathode into the organic layer unit.
- an aromatic heterocyclic compound containing at least one hetero atom in the molecule is preferably used, and a nitrogen-containing ring derivative is particularly preferable.
- the nitrogen-containing ring derivative is preferably an aromatic ring having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring or 5-membered ring skeleton, or a condensed aromatic ring compound having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered ring or 5-membered ring skeleton.
- a nitrogen-containing ring metal chelate complex represented by the following formula (A) is preferable.
- R 2 to R 7 in formula (A) are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms. , An aryloxy group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring carbon atoms, which may be substituted.
- halogen atom examples include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine and the like.
- Examples of the amino group which may be substituted include an alkylamino group, an arylamino group and an aralkylamino group.
- the alkylamino group and the aralkylamino group are represented as —NQ 1 Q 2 .
- Q 1 and Q 2 each independently represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an aralkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- One of Q 1 and Q 2 may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the arylamino group is represented as —NAr 1 Ar 2, and Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a non-condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group and a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms.
- One of Ar 1 and Ar 2 may be a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms includes an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group is represented as —COOY ′, and Y ′ represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- M is aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga) or indium (In), preferably In.
- L is a group represented by the following formula (A ′) or (A ′′).
- R 8 to R 12 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and groups adjacent to each other are cyclic structures May be formed.
- R 13 to R 27 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom or a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, and groups adjacent to each other are An annular structure may be formed.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms represented by R 8 to R 12 and R 13 to R 27 in the formula (A ′) and the formula (A ′′) is represented by R 2 to R 7 in the formula (A).
- the divalent group in the case where the adjacent groups of R 8 to R 12 and R 13 to R 27 form a cyclic structure includes a tetramethylene group, a pentamethylene group, a hexamethylene group, and the like. Examples include a methylene group, diphenylmethane-2,2′-diyl group, diphenylethane-3,3′-diyl group, and diphenylpropane-4,4′-diyl group.
- 8-hydroxyquinoline or a metal complex of its derivative, an oxadiazole derivative, or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative is preferable.
- a metal chelate oxinoid compound containing a chelate of oxine (generally 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline), for example, tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum is used.
- 8-quinolinol or 8-hydroxyquinoline a metal chelate oxinoid compound containing a chelate of oxine
- tris (8-quinolinol) aluminum is used.
- an oxadiazole derivative the following can be mentioned.
- Ar 17 , Ar 18 , Ar 19 , Ar 21 , Ar 22 and Ar 25 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms
- Ar 17 and Ar 18 , Ar 19 and Ar 21 , Ar 22 and Ar 25 may be the same or different.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group or the condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group, an anthranyl group, a perylenyl group, and a pyrenyl group.
- substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and cyano groups.
- Ar 20 , Ar 23, and Ar 24 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, and Ar 23 and Ar 24 are identical to each other. But it can be different.
- the divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group include a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a biphenylene group, an anthranylene group, a peryleneylene group, and a pyrenylene group.
- substituents include alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and cyano groups.
- electron transfer compounds those having good thin film forming properties are preferably used.
- Specific examples of these electron transfer compounds include the following.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative as the electron transfer compound is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative composed of an organic compound having the following general formula, and includes a nitrogen-containing compound that is not a metal complex. Examples thereof include a 5-membered ring or 6-membered ring containing a skeleton represented by the following formula (B) and a structure represented by the following formula (C).
- X represents a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Z 1 and Z 2 each independently represents an atomic group capable of forming a nitrogen-containing heterocycle.
- the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative is more preferably an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic group consisting of a 5-membered ring or a 6-membered ring. Further, in the case of such a nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic group having a plurality of nitrogen atoms, the nitrogen-containing compound having a skeleton in which the above formulas (B) and (C) or the above formula (B) and the following formula (D) are combined. Aromatic polycyclic organic compounds are preferred.
- the nitrogen-containing group of the nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic organic compound is selected from, for example, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic groups represented by the following general formula.
- R is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, an aromatic heterocyclic group or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, 1 to 20 is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, n is an integer of 0 to 5, and when n is an integer of 2 or more, a plurality of R may be the same or different from each other.
- preferred specific compounds include nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives represented by the following formula.
- HAr-L 1 -Ar 1 -Ar 2 In the above formula, HAr is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, and L 1 is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms or a condensed group.
- HAr is selected from the following group, for example.
- L 1 is selected from the following group, for example.
- Ar 1 is selected from, for example, the following arylanthranyl groups.
- R 1 to R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 40 carbon atoms, or A condensed aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R 1 to R 8 may be nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives each of which is a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- Ar 2 is selected from the following group, for example.
- the following compounds are also preferably used as the nitrogen-containing aromatic polycyclic organic compound as the electron transporting compound.
- R 1 to R 4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a deuterium atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X 1 and X 2 are each independently an oxygen atom Represents a sulfur atom or a dicyanomethylene group.
- the following compounds are also preferably used as the electron transfer compound.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same or different groups, and are an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group represented by the following formula.
- R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 are the same or different from each other, and are a hydrogen atom, deuterium atom, saturated or unsaturated C 1-20 alkoxyl group, saturated Alternatively, it is an unsaturated alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an amino group, or an alkylamino group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. At least one of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 and R 9 is a group other than a hydrogen atom or a deuterium atom.
- the electron transfer compound may be a polymer compound containing the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative.
- the electron transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention particularly preferably contains at least one nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative represented by the following formulas (60) to (62).
- Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 are each independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, substituted or unsubstituted carbon An alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer of 0 to 5, and when n is an integer of 2 or more, the plurality of R 1 may be the same or different from each other. Further, two adjacent R 1 's may be bonded to each other to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon ring.
- Ar 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- Ar 2 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted Alternatively, it is an unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- Ar 1 or Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring group having 10 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted condensed aromatic group having 9 to 50 ring atoms. It is a heterocyclic group.
- Ar 3 is a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group having 5 to 50 ring atoms.
- L 1 , L 2 and L 3 are each independently a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, or a divalent or substituted or unsubstituted divalent atom having 9 to 50 ring atoms.
- aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms examples include phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, naphthacenyl group, chrysenyl group, pyrenyl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, tolyl group, fluoranthenyl group, fluorenyl Groups and the like.
- heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring atoms examples include pyrrolyl group, furyl group, thienyl group, silolyl group, pyridyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, benzofuryl group, imidazolyl group, pyrimidyl group, carbazolyl group, selenophenyl Group, oxadiazolyl group, triazolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridazinyl group, triazinyl group, quinoxalinyl group, acridinyl group, imidazo [1,2-a] pyridinyl group, imidazo [1,2-a] pyrimidinyl group and the like.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- Examples of the haloalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include groups obtained by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group with at least one halogen atom selected from fluorine, chlorine, iodine and bromine.
- Examples of the alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include groups having the above alkyl group as an alkyl moiety.
- Examples of the arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the aryl group.
- Examples of the divalent condensed aromatic heterocyclic group having 9 to 50 ring atoms include groups obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from the condensed aromatic heterocyclic group described as the heteroaryl group.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm to 100 nm.
- an insulator or a semiconductor as an inorganic compound in addition to the nitrogen-containing ring derivative as a component of the electron injection layer that can be provided adjacent to the electron transport layer. If the electron injection layer is made of an insulator or a semiconductor, current leakage can be effectively prevented and the electron injection property can be improved.
- an insulator it is preferable to use at least one metal compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides. If the electron injection layer is composed of these alkali metal chalcogenides or the like, it is preferable in that the electron injection property can be further improved.
- preferable alkali metal chalcogenides include, for example, Li 2 O, K 2 O, Na 2 S, Na 2 Se, and Na 2 O
- preferable alkaline earth metal chalcogenides include, for example, CaO, BaO. , SrO, BeO, BaS and CaSe.
- preferable alkali metal halides include, for example, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl, and NaCl.
- preferable alkaline earth metal halides include fluorides such as CaF 2 , BaF 2 , SrF 2 , MgF 2 and BeF 2 , and halides other than fluorides.
- the inorganic compound constituting the electron injection layer is preferably a microcrystalline or amorphous insulating thin film. If the electron injection layer is composed of these insulating thin films, a more uniform thin film is formed, and pixel defects such as dark spots can be reduced. Examples of such inorganic compounds include alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth metal chalcogenides, alkali metal halides, and alkaline earth metal halides.
- the preferred thickness of the layer is about 0.1 nm to 15 nm.
- the electron injection layer in the present invention is preferable even if it contains the above-mentioned electron donating dopant.
- an organic layer close to the anode may be defined as a hole injection layer.
- the hole injection layer has a function of efficiently injecting holes from the anode into the organic layer unit.
- an aromatic amine compound for example, an aromatic amine derivative represented by the following general formula (I) is preferably used.
- Ar 1 to Ar 4 represent a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms or a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted ring forming atom number of 5 Represents an aromatic heterocyclic group or a condensed aromatic heterocyclic group of 50 to 50, or a group in which the aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group or condensed aromatic heterocyclic group are bonded. .
- L represents a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group or condensed aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted ring atom number of 5 to 5 Represents 50 aromatic heterocyclic groups or condensed aromatic heterocyclic groups.
- aromatic amine of following formula (II) is also used suitably for formation of a positive hole transport layer.
- the hole transport layer of the organic EL device of the present invention may have a two-layer structure of a first hole transport layer (anode side) and a second hole transport layer (cathode side).
- the film thickness of the hole transport layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- a layer containing an electron accepting compound may be bonded to the positive hole transport layer or the anode side of the first hole transport layer. This is expected to reduce drive voltage and manufacturing costs.
- the electron accepting compound is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (10).
- R 7 to R 12 may be the same or different and are each independently a cyano group, —CONH 2 , carboxyl group, or —COOR 13 (R 13 is an alkyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms) Or a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, provided that one or more pairs of R 7 and R 8 , R 9 and R 10 , and R 11 and R 12 are combined together to form —CO—.
- a group represented by O—CO— may be represented.
- R 13 examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a t-butyl group, a cyclopentyl group, and a cyclohexyl group.
- the thickness of the layer containing the electron-accepting compound is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 20 nm.
- n doping is a method of doping an electron transport material with a metal such as Li or Cs.
- p doping is a method of doping an acceptor material such as F 4 TCNQ into a hole transport material. Is mentioned.
- the space layer is a fluorescent layer for the purpose of adjusting the carrier balance so that excitons generated in the phosphorescent layer are not diffused into the fluorescent layer. It is a layer provided between the layer and the phosphorescent light emitting layer.
- the space layer can be provided between the plurality of phosphorescent light emitting layers. Since the space layer is provided between the light emitting layers, a material having both electron transport properties and hole transport properties is preferable. In order to prevent diffusion of triplet energy in the adjacent phosphorescent light emitting layer, the triplet energy is preferably 2.6 eV or more. Examples of the material used for the space layer include the same materials as those used for the above-described hole transport layer.
- the organic EL device of the present invention preferably has a barrier layer such as an electron barrier layer, a hole barrier layer, or a triplet barrier layer in a portion adjacent to the light emitting layer.
- the electron barrier layer is a layer that prevents electrons from leaking from the light emitting layer to the hole transport layer
- the hole barrier layer is a layer that prevents holes from leaking from the light emitting layer to the electron transport layer. is there.
- the triplet barrier layer prevents the triplet excitons generated in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the surrounding layers, and confines the triplet excitons in the light emitting layer, thereby emitting the triplet excitons.
- the triplet energy E T d of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting layer and the triplet energy of the compound used as a triplet barrier layer and E T TB, energy E T d ⁇ E T TB If the size relationship is large, the triplet exciton of the phosphorescent dopant is confined (cannot move to other molecules) in terms of energy, and the energy deactivation path other than light emission on the dopant is interrupted, resulting in high efficiency. It is estimated that light can be emitted.
- the energy difference ⁇ E T is preferably as large as possible relative to the thermal energy at room temperature, more preferably 0.1 eV or more, and particularly preferably 0.2 eV or more.
- ⁇ edge means that when the phosphorescence spectrum is represented by taking the phosphorescence intensity on the vertical axis and the wavelength on the horizontal axis, the tangent line is drawn with respect to the short-wavelength rising edge of the phosphorescence spectrum, It means the wavelength value (unit: nm) at the intersection of the horizontal axis.
- the host material for the light emitting layer is preferably a material satisfying A b ⁇ A h ⁇ 0.1 eV.
- a b represents the affinity of the barrier layer material
- a h represents the affinity of the light emitting layer host material.
- the affinity Af (electron affinity) in the present invention refers to energy released or absorbed when one electron is given to a molecule of the material, and is defined as positive in the case of emission and negative in the case of absorption.
- the affinity Af is defined as follows by the ionization potential Ip and the optical energy gap Eg (S).
- Af Ip-Eg (S)
- the ionization potential Ip means the energy required to remove and ionize electrons from the compound of each material.
- the ionization potential Ip is a positive value measured with an atmospheric photoelectron spectrometer (AC-3, manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.). It is a value with the sign of.
- the optical energy gap Eg (S) refers to the difference between the conduction level and the valence level.
- the long wavelength side tangent and the baseline (zero absorption) of the ultraviolet / visible light absorption spectrum of the dilute dichloromethane solution of each material This is a value having a positive sign obtained by converting the wavelength value of the intersection point into energy.
- the electron mobility of the material constituting the triplet barrier layer is desirably 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 / Vs or more in the range of electric field strength of 0.04 to 0.5 MV / cm.
- As a method for measuring the electron mobility of an organic material several methods such as the Time of Flight method are known.
- the electron mobility is determined by impedance spectroscopy.
- the electron injection layer is desirably 10 ⁇ 6 cm 2 / Vs or more in the range of electric field strength of 0.04 to 0.5 MV / cm. This facilitates the injection of electrons from the cathode into the electron transport layer, and also promotes the injection of electrons into the adjacent barrier layer and the light emitting layer, thereby enabling driving at a lower voltage.
- intermediate 4 is used instead of 2-nitro-1,4-dibromobenzene, and 4 ′-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3 is used instead of phenylboronic acid.
- 2-Dioxaborolan-2-yl) biphenyl-4-carbonitrile was synthesized in the same manner.
- the intermediate body 5 was identified by analysis of FD-MS (field desorption mass spectrum).
- Example 1 (Production of organic EL element) A 25 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate with an ITO transparent electrode (manufactured by Geomatic) was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes in isopropyl alcohol, and further subjected to UV (Ultraviolet) ozone cleaning for 30 minutes.
- the glass substrate with a transparent electrode line after washing is mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and the following electron-accepting compound (A) is first formed so as to cover the transparent electrode on the surface on which the transparent electrode line is formed.
- the following aromatic amine derivative (X1) was vapor-deposited as a 1st positive hole transport material, and the 1st positive hole transport layer with a film thickness of 120 nm was formed into a film.
- the following carbazole derivative (H1) was deposited as a second hole transport material to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 47 nm.
- the phosphorescent host compound (B1) and the phosphorescent dopant Ir (ppy) 3 were co-evaporated to a thickness of 40 nm to obtain a phosphorescent light emitting layer.
- the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10% by mass.
- a compound (C) having a thickness of 20 nm, LiF having a thickness of 1 nm, and metal Al having a thickness of 80 nm were sequentially laminated on the phosphorescent light emitting layer to obtain a cathode.
- LiF which is an electron injecting electrode, was formed at a rate of 1 ⁇ / min.
- the organic EL element produced as described above is caused to emit light by direct current drive, and the luminance (L) and current density are measured to obtain the current efficiency (L / J) and drive voltage (V) at a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 . It was. Further, the device lifetime at an initial luminance of 5200 cd / m 2 was determined. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2-7 Manufacture of organic EL elements and evaluation of light emission performance
- an organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the second hole transporting material shown in Table 1 was used instead of the carbazole derivative (H1) as the second hole transporting material. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Examples 1-6 Manufacture of organic EL elements and evaluation of light emission performance
- the hole transport material shown in Table 1 was used instead of the carbazole derivative (H1) as the second hole transport material, and the compound shown in Table 1 was used instead of the compound (B1) serving as the phosphorescent host.
- An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the host material was used, and the light emission performance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Table 2 shows the measurement results of ionization potential (Ip) and triplet energy for the hole transport material and the host material.
- the organic EL elements of the present invention produced in Examples 1 to 7 have a longer lifetime than the conventional organic EL elements produced in Comparative Examples 1 to 6. Further, from comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 or Example 5 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the use of B1 as a host rather than B2 results in a lower voltage and longer life of the organic EL element.
- the carbazole derivative used as the hole transport material in the examples has a low hole transport property, but the host compound B1 has a high hole transport property. Therefore, the combination of both improves the carrier balance in the light emitting layer. It is considered that the voltage is long.
- host compound B2 is considered to have a high voltage and a short life as seen in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 as a result of the high electron transporting property and the loss of carrier balance in the light emitting layer.
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 since the hole transporting property of the hole transporting material H8 is high, the low voltage effect due to the use of B1 can be suppressed, but it is considered that the lifetime is extended because of the high hole transporting property of B1. It is done.
- Example 8 (Production of organic EL element) A 25 mm ⁇ 75 mm ⁇ 1.1 mm glass substrate with an ITO transparent electrode (manufactured by Geomatic) was subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 5 minutes in isopropyl alcohol, and further subjected to UV (Ultraviolet) ozone cleaning for 30 minutes.
- the glass substrate with a transparent electrode line after washing is mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum deposition apparatus, and the following electron-accepting compound (A) is first formed so as to cover the transparent electrode on the surface on which the transparent electrode line is formed.
- the following aromatic amine derivative (X2) was vapor-deposited as a 1st positive hole transport material, and the 1st positive hole transport layer with a film thickness of 65 nm was formed into a film.
- the following carbazole derivative (H1) was deposited as a second hole transport material to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 10 nm.
- the phosphorescent host compound (B3) and the phosphorescent dopant Ir (bzq) 3 were co-evaporated at a thickness of 25 nm to obtain a phosphorescent light emitting layer.
- the concentration of Ir (bzq) 3 was 10% by mass.
- a compound (C2) having a thickness of 35 nm, LiF having a thickness of 1 nm, and metal Al having a thickness of 80 nm were sequentially laminated on the phosphorescent light emitting layer to obtain a cathode.
- LiF which is an electron injecting electrode, was formed at a rate of 1 ⁇ / min.
- the organic EL device manufactured as described above is caused to emit light by direct current drive, and the luminance (cd / m 2 ) and current density are measured.
- the lifetime of the element that was 80% of the initial luminance at a current density of 50 mA / cm 2 was determined. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 Manufacture of organic EL elements and evaluation of light emission performance
- carbazole derivative (H1) as the second hole transport material
- an organic EL device was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the materials shown in Table 3 were used. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 Manufacture of organic EL elements and evaluation of light emission performance
- an organic EL element was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the hole transport material shown in Table 3 was used instead of the carbazole derivative (H1) as the second hole transport material.
- the luminous performance was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the organic EL element of the present invention has a long life and can be driven at a low voltage.
Abstract
Description
まず、燐光発光は、三重項励起子を利用した発光であるため、発光層に用いる化合物のエネルギーギャップが大きくなくてはならない。何故なら、ある化合物の一重項エネルギー(最低励起一重項状態と基底状態とのエネルギー差をいう。)の値は、通常、その化合物の三重項エネルギー(最低励起三重項状態と基底状態とのエネルギー差をいう。)の値よりも大きいからである。
従って、燐光発光性ドーパント材料の三重項エネルギーを効率的に素子内に閉じ込めるためには、まず、燐光発光性ドーパント材料の三重項エネルギーよりも大きな三重項エネルギーを有するホスト材料を発光層に用いなければならない。さらに、発光層に隣接する電子輸送層及び正孔輸送層を設ける際に、電子輸送層及び正孔輸送層にも燐光発光性ドーパント材料よりも大きな三重項エネルギーを有する化合物を用いなければならない。このように、従来の有機EL素子の素子設計思想に基づく場合、蛍光型の有機EL素子に用いる化合物と比べて、より大きなエネルギーギャップを有する化合物を燐光型の有機EL素子に用いることにつながり、有機EL素子全体の駆動電圧が上昇する。
以上のような理由より、燐光型の有機EL素子の高性能化においては、蛍光型の有機EL素子と異なる材料選択及び素子設計が必要となる。
特許文献2には、カルバゾールが連結したビスカルバゾール系の燐光ホスト材料と、三重項エネルギーの大きなカルバゾール含有アミン系正孔輸送材料との組合せが開示されている。ホスト材料としてイオン化ポテンシャルの小さいものが使用されているため正孔輸送材料からの正孔注入性が向上しているが、正孔輸送材料には従来のモノアミン系材料が使用されているので三重項エネルギーが拡散しやすい。
1.対向する陽極と陰極との間に、前記陽極側から、第一有機薄膜層と第二有機薄膜層とをこの順に備え、該第一有機薄膜層は下記式(1-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Aを含み、該第二有機薄膜層は下記式(2-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Bを含み、かつ、該芳香族複素環誘導体Aと芳香族複素環誘導体Bとは、互いに異なるものであることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
W1及びW2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR1R2又はSiR1R2を表わす。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
X1~X16のうち、X5~X8のうち一つと、X9~X12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のX1~X16は、それぞれ独立に、CR3または窒素原子を表す。
R3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR3同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。]
W3及びW4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR4R5又はSiR4R5を表わす。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
L3及びL4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
Y1~Y16のうち、Y5~Y8のうち一つと、Y9~Y12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のY1~Y16は、それぞれ独立に、CR6または窒素原子を表す。
R6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR6同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。
A3及びA4は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。]
2.前記A3及びA4の少なくとも1つが下記式(2-a)で表わされる上記1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
Z1~Z5は、それぞれ独立に、CR7または窒素原子を表す。
R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR7同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。]
3.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが下記式(1-2)で表され、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが下記式(2-2)で表される上記1又は2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
4.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが下記式(1-3)で表される上記1~3のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
5.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが下記式(1-4)又は(1-5)で表される上記1~3のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
6.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが下記式(2-3)で表される上記1~5のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
7.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが下記式(2-4)又は(2-5)で表される上記1~5のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
8.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが前記式(1-3)で表され、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが前記式(2-3)で表される上記6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
9.前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが前記式(1-3)で表され、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが前記式(2-4)又は前記式(2-5)で表される上記7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
10.前記A1及びA2の少なくとも1つが、置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾリル基または置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基である上記1~9のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
11.前記第一有機薄膜層に、下記式(10)で表される化合物を含有する層が接合されている上記1~10のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
12.前記第二有機薄膜層が燐光発光性材料を含有する上記1~11のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、及び
13.前記燐光発光材料がイリジウム(Ir),オスミウム(Os)又は白金(Pt)金属のオルトメタル化錯体である上記12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
を提供する。
本発明の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子は、対向する陽極と陰極との間に、前記陽極側から、第一有機薄膜層と第二有機薄膜層とをこの順に備え、該第一有機薄膜層は下記式(1-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Aを含み、該第二有機薄膜層は下記式(2-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Bを含み、かつ、該芳香族複素環誘導体Aと芳香族複素環誘導体Bとは、互いに異なるものであることを特徴とする。
本発明における芳香族複素環誘導体Aは下記式(1-1)で表される。
W1及びW2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR1R2又はSiR1R2を表わす。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
X1~X16のうち、X5~X8のうち一つと、X9~X12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のX1~X16は、それぞれ独立に、CR3または窒素原子を表す。
R3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR3同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。]
上記芳香族複素環誘導体Aとしては、上記式(1-3)、(1-4)又は(1-5)で表されるものがより好ましく、上記式(1-3)で表されるものがさらに好ましい。
前記A1及びA2の少なくとも1つは、置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾリル基または置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基であることが好ましい。
W3及びW4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR4R5又はSiR4R5を表わす。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
なお、隣接するR4及びR5同士が互いに結合を形成し、環構造を形成しても良い。
L3及びL4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
Y1~Y16のうち、Y5~Y8のうち一つと、Y9~Y12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のY1~Y16は、それぞれ独立に、CR6または窒素原子を表す。
R6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR6同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。
A3及びA4は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。]
Z1~Z5は、それぞれ独立に、CR7または窒素原子を表す。
R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR7同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。]
上記芳香族複素環誘導体Bとしては、上記式(2-3)、(2-4)又は(2-5)で表されるものがより好ましい。
また、A1、A2、L1及びL2上の置換基におけるへテロアリール基としては、ピロリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、インドリル基、イソインドリル基、ベンゾフラニル基、イソベンゾフラニル基、ベンゾチオフェニル基、インドリジニル基、カルバゾリル基、ジベンゾフラニル基、ジベンゾチオフェニル基、ジヒドロアクリジニル基、フェノチアジニル基、フェノキサジニル基、又はキサンテニル基が好ましい。
また、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが前記式(1-3)で表され、且つ、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが前記式(2-4)又は前記式(2-5)で表されることが好ましい。
本発明の有機EL素子は陰極と陽極との間に、前記陽極側から、第一有機薄膜層と第二有機薄膜層とをこの順に備え、第一有機薄膜層と第二有機薄膜層とが接触していることが好ましい。
第一有機薄膜層は、好ましくは正孔輸送層又はスペース層であり、第二有機薄膜層は、好ましくは発光層である。
本発明の有機EL素子は、燐光発光型の単色発光素子であっても、蛍光/燐光ハイブリッド型の白色発光素子であってもよいし、単独の発光ユニットを有するシンプル型であっても、複数の発光ユニットを有するタンデム型であってもよい。ここで、「発光ユニット」とは、一層以上の有機層を含み、そのうちの一層が発光層であり、注入された正孔と電子が再結合することにより発光することができる最小単位をいう。
従って、シンプル型有機EL素子の代表的な素子構成としては、以下の素子構成を挙げることができる。
(1)陽極/発光ユニット/陰極
(a)正孔輸送層/発光層(/電子輸送層)
(b)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/第二燐光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(c)正孔輸送層/燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(d)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/第二燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(e)正孔輸送層/第一燐光発光層/スペース層/第二燐光発光層/スペース層/蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
(f)正孔輸送層/燐光発光層/スペース層/第一蛍光発光層/第二蛍光発光層(/電子輸送層)
本発明の第一有機薄膜層及び第二有機薄膜層は、上述のように、第一有機薄膜層が第二有機薄膜層に対して陽極側に設けられれば特に限定されず、例えば上記層構成(e)においては、第一有機薄膜層及び第二有機薄膜層の組み合わせが、正孔輸送層及び第一燐光発光層の組み合わせ、第一燐光発光層及びスペース層の組み合わせ、スペース層及び第二燐光発光層の組み合わせ、第二燐光発光層及びスペース層の組み合わせ、並びにスペース層及び蛍光発光層の組み合わせのいずれであってもよい。好ましくは、第二有機薄膜層は発光層である。第二有機薄膜層が発光層であると、発光層への正孔障壁が減り、発光層界面において正孔の蓄積がなくなるため、励起子の生成が促進し、生成された励起子がクエンチすることなく効率よく発光する。
なお、各発光層と正孔輸送層あるいはスペース層との間には、適宜、電子障壁層を設けてもよい。また、各発光層と電子輸送層との間には、適宜、正孔障壁層を設けてもよい。電子障壁層や正孔障壁層を設けることで、電子又は正孔を発光層内に閉じ込めて、発光層における電荷の再結合確率を高め、発光効率を向上させることができる。
(2)陽極/第一発光ユニット/中間層/第二発光ユニット/陰極
ここで、上記第一発光ユニット及び第二発光ユニットとしては、例えば、それぞれ独立に上述の発光ユニットと同様のものを選択することができる。
上記中間層は、一般的に、中間電極、中間導電層、電荷発生層、電子引抜層、接続層、中間絶縁層とも呼ばれ、第一発光ユニットに電子を、第二発光ユニットに正孔を供給する、公知の材料構成を用いることができる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、透光性基板上に作製する。透光性基板は有機EL素子を支持する基板であり、400nm~700nmの可視領域の光の透過率が50%以上で平滑な基板が好ましい。具体的には、ガラス板、ポリマー板等が挙げられる。ガラス板としては、特にソーダ石灰ガラス、バリウム・ストロンチウム含有ガラス、鉛ガラス、アルミノケイ酸ガラス、ホウケイ酸ガラス、バリウムホウケイ酸ガラス、石英等を原料として用いてなるものを挙げられる。またポリマー板としては、ポリカーボネート、アクリル、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエーテルサルファイド、ポリサルフォン等を原料として用いてなるものを挙げることができる。
有機EL素子の陽極は、正孔を正孔輸送層又は発光層に注入する役割を担うものであり、4.5eV以上の仕事関数を有するものを用いることが効果的である。陽極材料の具体例としては、酸化インジウム錫合金(ITO)、酸化錫(NESA)、酸化インジウム亜鉛酸化物、金、銀、白金、銅等が挙げられる。陽極はこれらの電極物質を蒸着法やスパッタリング法等の方法で薄膜を形成させることにより作製することができる。発光層からの発光を陽極から取り出す場合、陽極の可視領域の光の透過率を10%より大きくすることが好ましい。また、陽極のシート抵抗は、数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。陽極の膜厚は、材料にもよるが、通常10nm~1μm、好ましくは10nm~200nmの範囲で選択される。
陰極は電子注入層、電子輸送層又は発光層に電子を注入する役割を担うものであり、仕事関数の小さい材料により形成するのが好ましい。陰極材料は特に限定されないが、具体的にはインジウム、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、マグネシウム-インジウム合金、マグネシウム-アルミニウム合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、アルミニウム-スカンジウム-リチウム合金、マグネシウム-銀合金等が使用できる。陰極も、陽極と同様に、蒸着法やスパッタリング法等の方法で薄膜を形成させることにより作製することができる。また、必要に応じて、陰極側から発光を取り出してもよい。
発光機能を有する有機層であって、ドーピングシステムを採用する場合、ホスト材料とドーパント材料を含んでいる。このとき、ホスト材料は、主に電子と正孔の再結合を促し、励起子を発光層内に閉じ込める機能を有し、ドーパント材料は、再結合で得られた励起子を効率的に発光させる機能を有する。
燐光素子の場合、ホスト材料は主にドーパントで生成された励起子を発光層内に閉じ込める機能を有する。
また、量子収率の高いドーパント材料を二種類以上入れることによって、それぞれのドーパントが発光するダブルドーパントを採用してもよい。具体的には、ホスト、赤色ドーパント及び緑色ドーパントを共蒸着することによって、発光層を共通化して黄色発光を実現する態様が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、陰極と発光ユニットとの界面領域に電子供与性ドーパントを有することも好ましい。このような構成によれば、有機EL素子における発光輝度の向上や長寿命化が図られる。ここで、電子供与性ドーパントとは、仕事関数3.8eV以下の金属を含有するものをいい、その具体例としては、アルカリ金属、アルカリ金属錯体、アルカリ金属化合物、アルカリ土類金属、アルカリ土類金属錯体、アルカリ土類金属化合物、希土類金属、希土類金属錯体、及び希土類金属化合物等から選ばれた少なくとも一種類が挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子における、主成分と電子供与性ドーパントの割合は、モル比で主成分:電子供与性ドーパント=5:1~1:5であると好ましく、2:1~1:2であるとさらに好ましい。
発光層と陰極との間に形成される有機層であって、電子を陰極から発光層へ輸送する機能を有する。電子輸送層が複数層で構成される場合、陰極に近い有機層を電子注入層と定義することがある。電子注入層は、陰極から電子を効率的に有機層ユニットに注入する機能を有する。
この含窒素環誘導体としては、例えば、下記式(A)で表される含窒素環金属キレート錯体が好ましい。
アルキルアミノ基及びアラルキルアミノ基は-NQ1Q2と表される。Q1及びQ2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数1~20のアルキル基又は炭素数1~20のアラルキル基を表す。Q1及びQ2の一方は水素原子又は重水素原子であってもよい。
アリールアミノ基は-NAr1Ar2と表され、Ar1及びAr2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数6~50の非縮合芳香族炭化水素基及び縮合芳香族炭化水素基を表す。Ar1及びAr2の一方は水素原子又は重水素原子であってもよい。
HAr-L1-Ar1-Ar2
前記式中、HArは、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の含窒素複素環基であり、L1は単結合、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基であり、Ar1は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の2価の芳香族炭化水素基であり、Ar2は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~40の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~40の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基である。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基又は置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基である。
nは、0~5の整数であり、nが2以上の整数であるとき、複数のR1は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。また、隣接する2つのR1同士が互いに結合して、置換もしくは無置換の炭化水素環を形成していてもよい。
Ar1は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基である。
Ar2は、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリール基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基である。
但し、Ar1、Ar2のいずれか一方は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数10~50の縮合芳香族炭化水素環基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数9~50の縮合芳香族複素環基である。
Ar3は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリーレン基である。
L1、L2及びL3は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数9~50の2価の縮合芳香族複素環基である。)
環形成原子数5~50のヘテロアリール基としては、ピローリル基、フリル基、チエニル基、シローリル基、ピリジル基、キノリル基、イソキノリル基、べンゾフリル基、イミダゾリル基、ピリミジル基、カルバゾリル基、セレノフェニル基、オキサジアゾリル基、トリアゾーリル基、ピラジニル基、ピリダジニル基、トリアジニル基、キノキサリニル基、アクリジニル基、イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジニル基、イミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリミジニル基などが挙げられる。
炭素数1~20のアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、ブチル基、ペンチル基、へキシル基などが挙げられる。
炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基としては、前記アルキル基の1又は2以上の水素原子をフッ素、塩素、ヨウ素および臭素から選ばれる少なくとも1のハロゲン原子で置換して得られる基が挙げられる。
炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基としては、前記アルキル基をアルキル部位としては有する基が挙げられる。
環形成炭素数6~50のアリーレン基としては、前記アリール基から水素原子1個を除去して得られる基が挙げられる。
環形成原子数9~50の2価の縮合芳香族複素環基としては、前記ヘテロアリール基として記載した縮合芳香族複素環基から水素原子1個を除去して得られる基が挙げられる。
発光層と陽極との間に形成される有機層であって、正孔を陽極から発光層へ輸送する機能を有する。正孔輸送層が複数層で構成される場合、陽極に近い有機層を正孔注入層と定義することがある。正孔注入層は、陽極から正孔を効率的に有機層ユニットに注入する機能を有する。
また、前記一般式(I)において、Lは置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~50の芳香族炭化水素基又は縮合芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成原子数5~50の芳香族複素環基又は縮合芳香族複素環基を表す。
上述の正孔輸送層や電子輸送層においては、特許第3695714号明細書に記載されているように、ドナー性材料のドーピング(n)やアクセプター性材料のドーピング(p)により、キャリア注入能を調整することができる。
nドーピングの代表例としては、電子輸送材料にLiやCs等の金属をドーピングする方法が挙げられ、pドーピングの代表例としては、正孔輸送材料にF4TCNQ等のアクセプター材料をドーピングする方法が挙げられる。
上記スペース層とは、例えば、蛍光発光層と燐光発光層とを積層する場合に、燐光発光層で生成する励起子を蛍光発光層に拡散させない、あるいは、キャリアバランスを調整する目的で、蛍光発光層と燐光発光層との間に設けられる層である。また、スペース層は、複数の燐光発光層の間に設けることもできる。
スペース層は発光層間に設けられるため、電子輸送性と正孔輸送性を兼ね備える材料であることが好ましい。また、隣接する燐光発光層内の三重項エネルギーの拡散を防ぐため、三重項エネルギーが2.6eV以上であることが好ましい。スペース層に用いられる材料としては、上述の正孔輸送層に用いられるものと同様のものが挙げられる。
本発明の有機EL素子は、発光層に隣接する部分に、電子障壁層、正孔障壁層、トリプレット障壁層といった障壁層を有することが好ましい。ここで、電子障壁層とは、発光層から正孔輸送層へ電子が漏れることを防ぐ層であり、正孔障壁層とは、発光層から電子輸送層へ正孔が漏れることを防ぐ層である。
トリプレット障壁層は、後述するように、発光層で生成する三重項励起子が、周辺の層へ拡散することを防止し、三重項励起子を発光層内に閉じ込めることによって三重項励起子の発光ドーパント以外の電子輸送層の分子上でのエネルギー失活を抑制する機能を有する。
トリプレット障壁層を設ける場合、発光層中の燐光発光性ドーパントの三重項エネルギーをET d、トリプレット障壁層として用いる化合物の三重項エネルギーをET TBとすると、ET d<ET TBのエネルギー大小関係であれば、エネルギー関係上、燐光発光性ドーパントの三重項励起子が閉じ込められ(他分子へ移動できなくなり)、該ドーパント上で発光する以外のエネルギー失活経路が断たれ、高効率に発光することができると推測される。ただし、ET d<ET TBの関係が成り立つ場合であってもこのエネルギー差ΔET=ET TB-ET dが小さい場合には、実際の素子駆動環境である室温程度の環境下では、周辺の熱エネルギーにより吸熱的にこのエネルギー差ΔETを乗り越えて三重項励起子が他分子へ移動することが可能であると考えられる。特に燐光発光の場合は蛍光発光に比べて励起子寿命が長いため、相対的に吸熱的励起子移動過程の影響が現れやすくなる。室温の熱エネルギーに対してこのエネルギー差ΔETは大きい程好ましく、0.1eV以上であるとさらに好ましく、0.2eV以上であると特に好ましい。
まず、試料をEPA溶媒(ジエチルエーテル:イソペンタン:エタノール=5:5:2(容積比))に10μmol/Lで溶解させ、燐光測定用試料とする。この燐光測定用試料を石英セルに入れ、温度77Kで励起光を照射し、放射される燐光の燐光スペクトルを測定する。これを基に換算式ET(eV)=1239.85/λedgeによって求めた値と定義する。「λedge」とは、縦軸にりん光強度、横軸に波長をとって、りん光スペクトルを表したときに、りん光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸の交点の波長値(単位:nm)を意味する。
発光層のホスト材料としては、Ab-Ah≦0.1eVとなるものが好ましい。ここで、Abは障壁層材料のアフィニティーを表し、Ahは発光層ホスト材料のアフィニティを表す。
本発明におけるアフィニティAf(電子親和力)とは、材料の分子に電子を一つ与えた時に放出または吸収されるエネルギーをいい、放出の場合は正、吸収の場合は負と定義する。アフィニティAfは、イオン化ポテンシャルIpと光学エネルギーギャップEg(S)とにより次のように規定する。
Af=Ip-Eg(S)
ここで、イオン化ポテンシャルIpは、各材料の化合物から電子を取り去ってイオン化するために要するエネルギーを意味し、本発明では大気中光電子分光装置(AC-3、理研計器株式会社製)で測定した正の符号を持つ値である。光学エネルギーギャップEg(S)は、伝導レベルと価電子レベルとの差をいい、本発明では各材料のジクロロメタン希薄溶液の紫外・可視光吸収スペクトルの長波長側接線とベースライン(吸収ゼロ)との交点の波長値をエネルギーに換算して求めた正の符号を持つ値である。
また、トリプレット障壁層を構成する材料の電子移動度は、電界強度0.04~0.5MV/cmの範囲において、10-6cm2/Vs以上であることが望ましい。有機材料の電子移動度の測定方法としては、Time of Flight法等幾つかの方法が知られているが、ここではインピーダンス分光法で決定される電子移動度をいう。
電子注入層は、電界強度0.04~0.5MV/cmの範囲において、10-6cm2/Vs以上であることが望ましい。これにより陰極からの電子輸送層への電子注入が促進され、ひいては隣接する障壁層、発光層への電子注入も促進し、より低電圧での駆動を可能にするためである。
室温まで反応液を冷却した後、有機層を分離し、有機溶媒を減圧下留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、中間体1(6.6g、収率59%)を得た。FD-MS(フィールドディソープションマススペクトル)の分析により、中間体1と同定した。
室温まで反応液を冷却した後、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、中間体2(4g、収率68%)を得た。FD-MS(フィールドディソープションマススペクトル)の分析により、中間体2と同定した。
室温まで反応液を冷却した後、有機層を分離し、有機溶媒を減圧下留去した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにて精製し、11.1gの淡黄色固体(化合物B3)を得た。
得られた化合物について、FD-MS(フィールドディソープションマススペクトル)を以下に示す。
FDMS, calcd for C53H33N5=739, found m/z=739 (M+)
(有機EL素子の作製)
25mm×75mm×1.1mmのITO透明電極付きガラス基板(ジオマティック社製)に、イソプロピルアルコール中で5分間の超音波洗浄を施し、さらに、30分間のUV(Ultraviolet)オゾン洗浄を施した。
洗浄後の透明電極ライン付きガラス基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに装着し、まず透明電極ラインが形成されている側の面上に前記透明電極を覆うようにして下記電子受容性化合物(A)を蒸着し、膜厚5nmのA膜を成膜した。このA膜上に、第1正孔輸送材料として下記芳香族アミン誘導体(X1)を蒸着し、膜厚120nmの第1正孔輸送層を成膜した。第1正孔輸送層の成膜に続けて、第2正孔輸送材料として下記カルバゾール誘導体(H1)を蒸着し、膜厚47nmの第2正孔輸送層を成膜した。
この正孔輸送層上に、りん光用ホストである化合物(B1)とりん光用ドーパントであるIr(ppy)3とを厚さ40nmで共蒸着し、りん光発光層を得た。Ir(ppy)3の濃度は、10質量%であった。
続いて、このりん光発光層上に、厚さ20nmの化合物(C)、厚さ1nmのLiF、厚さ80nmの金属Alを順次積層し、陰極を得た。なお、電子注入性電極であるLiFについては、1Å/minの速度で形成した。
以上のように作製した有機EL素子を直流電流駆動により発光させ、輝度(L)、電流密度を測定し、電流密度10mA/cm2における電流効率(L/J)、駆動電圧(V)を求めた。
さらに初期輝度5200cd/m2における素子寿命を求めた。結果を表1に示す。
(有機EL素子の製造及び発光性能評価)
実施例1において、第2正孔輸送材料としてカルバゾール誘導体(H1)の代わりに、表1に示すものを用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、その発光性能を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
(有機EL素子の製造及び発光性能評価)
実施例1において、第2正孔輸送材料としてカルバゾール誘導体(H1)の代わりに、表1に示す正孔輸送材料を用い、りん光用ホストである化合物(B1)の代わりに、表1に示すホスト材料を用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、その発光性能を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
また、実施例1と比較例1、あるいは実施例5と比較例2の比較により、ホストとしてB2よりもB1を使用する方が、有機EL素子が低電圧化、長寿命化することがわかる。実施例で正孔輸送材料として用いるカルバゾール誘導体は、正孔輸送性が低いが、ホスト化合物B1は正孔輸送性が高いため、両者を組み合わせることにより発光層内のキャリアバランスが向上するため、低電圧、長寿命であると考えられる。一方、ホスト化合物B2は電子輸送性が高く、発光層内のキャリアバランスが崩れる結果、比較例1、及び2に見られるように高電圧、短寿命であると考えられる。
比較例3、及び4においては、正孔輸送材料H8の正孔輸送性が高いため、B1を用いることによる低電圧効果は抑えられるが、B1の正孔輸送性が高いため長寿命化すると考えられる。
(有機EL素子の作製)
25mm×75mm×1.1mmのITO透明電極付きガラス基板(ジオマティック社製)に、イソプロピルアルコール中で5分間の超音波洗浄を施し、さらに、30分間のUV(Ultraviolet)オゾン洗浄を施した。
洗浄後の透明電極ライン付きガラス基板を真空蒸着装置の基板ホルダーに装着し、まず透明電極ラインが形成されている側の面上に前記透明電極を覆うようにして下記電子受容性化合物(A)を蒸着し、膜厚5nmのA膜を成膜した。このA膜上に、第1正孔輸送材料として下記芳香族アミン誘導体(X2)を蒸着し、膜厚65nmの第1正孔輸送層を成膜した。第1正孔輸送層の成膜に続けて、第2正孔輸送材料として下記カルバゾール誘導体(H1)を蒸着し、膜厚10nmの第2正孔輸送層を成膜した。
この正孔輸送層上に、りん光用ホストである化合物(B3)とりん光用ドーパントであるIr(bzq)3とを厚さ25nmで共蒸着し、りん光発光層を得た。Ir(bzq)3の濃度は、10質量%であった。
続いて、このりん光発光層上に、厚さ35nmの化合物(C2)、厚さ1nmのLiF、厚さ80nmの金属Alを順次積層し、陰極を得た。なお、電子注入性電極であるLiFについては、1Å/minの速度で形成した。
以上のように作製した有機EL素子を直流電流駆動により発光させ、輝度(cd/m2)、電流密度を測定し、電流密度10mA/cm2における発光効率(cd/A)、駆動電圧(V)を求めた。さらに電流密度50mA/cm2における初期輝度の80%となる素子寿命を求めた。結果を表3に示す。
(有機EL素子の製造及び発光性能評価)
実施例8において、第2正孔輸送材料としてカルバゾール誘導体(H1)の代わりに、表3に示すものを用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、その発光性能を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
(有機EL素子の製造及び発光性能評価)
実施例8において、第2正孔輸送材料としてカルバゾール誘導体(H1)の代わりに、表3に示す正孔輸送材料を用いた以外は、実施例8と同様にして有機EL素子を作製し、その発光性能を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
2 基板
3 陽極
4 陰極
5 発光層
6 正孔輸送層
7 電子輸送層
10 発光ユニット
Claims (13)
- 対向する陽極と陰極との間に、前記陽極側から、第一有機薄膜層と第二有機薄膜層とをこの順に備え、該第一有機薄膜層は下記式(1-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Aを含み、該第二有機薄膜層は下記式(2-1)で表される芳香族複素環誘導体Bを含み、かつ、該芳香族複素環誘導体Aと芳香族複素環誘導体Bとは、互いに異なるものであることを特徴とする有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
W1及びW2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR1R2又はSiR1R2を表わす。
R1及びR2は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
A1及びA2は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
X1~X16のうち、X5~X8のうち一つと、X9~X12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のX1~X16は、それぞれ独立に、CR3または窒素原子を表す。
R3は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR3同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。]
W3及びW4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、CR4R5又はSiR4R5を表わす。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。
L3及びL4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリーレン基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
Y1~Y16のうち、Y5~Y8のうち一つと、Y9~Y12のうち一つは、互いに結合する炭素原子を表し、それ以外のY1~Y16は、それぞれ独立に、CR6または窒素原子を表す。
R6は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR6同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。
A3及びA4は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基を表す。] - 前記A3及びA4の少なくとも1つが下記式(2-a)で表わされる請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
Z1~Z5は、それぞれ独立に、CR7または窒素原子を表す。
R7はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、フッ素原子、シアノ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数3~20のシクロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~20のハロアルコキシ基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数1~10のアルキルシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数6~30のアリールシリル基、置換もしくは無置換の炭素数7~30のアラルキル基、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数6~30のアリール基、又は、置換もしくは無置換の環形成炭素数2~30のヘテロアリール基であるか、隣接するR7同士が互いに結合し、環構造を形成する。] - 前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが前記式(1-3)で表され、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが前記式(2-3)で表される請求項6に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記芳香族複素環誘導体Aが前記式(1-3)で表され、前記芳香族複素環誘導体Bが前記式(2-4)又は前記式(2-5)で表される請求項7に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記A1及びA2の少なくとも1つが、置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換もしくは無置換のカルバゾリル基または置換もしくは無置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基である請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記第二有機薄膜層が燐光発光性材料を含有する請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記燐光発光性材料がイリジウム(Ir),オスミウム(Os)又は白金(Pt)金属のオルトメタル化錯体である請求項12に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
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TW201302703A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
KR20140037854A (ko) | 2014-03-27 |
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