WO2012165047A1 - 酸化物型半導体材料及びスパッタリングターゲット - Google Patents
酸化物型半導体材料及びスパッタリングターゲット Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012165047A1 WO2012165047A1 PCT/JP2012/059486 JP2012059486W WO2012165047A1 WO 2012165047 A1 WO2012165047 A1 WO 2012165047A1 JP 2012059486 W JP2012059486 W JP 2012059486W WO 2012165047 A1 WO2012165047 A1 WO 2012165047A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
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- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 108091006149 Electron carriers Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/453—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
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- H10D30/67—Thin-film transistors [TFT]
- H10D30/674—Thin-film transistors [TFT] characterised by the active materials
- H10D30/6755—Oxide semiconductors, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide or cadmium stannate
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor material for forming a semiconductor element constituting a display device such as a liquid crystal display, and more particularly to an oxide semiconductor material containing Zn oxide and Sn oxide and containing Zr as a dopant.
- TFT thin film transistor
- an oxide semiconductor material is used as a constituent material thereof.
- this oxide semiconductor material attention is paid to IGZO (In—Ga—Zn—O-based oxide) which is a kind of transparent oxide semiconductor material (see Patent Document 1).
- This IGZO has the highest carrier mobility next to polycrystalline Si (silicon), which has been used in the past, and has little variation in TFT characteristics like a-Si (amorphous silicon), so it is promising as a future semiconductor material. It is beginning to be widely used as a product.
- a change in the display method has occurred.
- a liquid crystal display capable of stereoscopic display (3D) in addition to planar display (2D) is provided.
- This stereoscopic display (3D) type liquid crystal display is realized by making it possible to see different images on the left and right of the display screen by control using a switch liquid crystal. Therefore, for such a stereoscopic display type liquid crystal display, a switching element capable of realizing a higher response speed is required.
- IGZO oxide semiconductor materials
- Various types of oxide semiconductor materials such as IGZO have been developed to cope with such changes in the display method of liquid crystal displays. It is important that the TFT having this high response speed has high carrier mobility.
- IGZO is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than a-Si, and its carrier mobility is about 5 to 10 cm 2 / Vs. Therefore, with this IGZO, it can be used as a constituent material of a TFT that is a switching element of a stereoscopic display type liquid crystal display, but in order to realize a higher spec liquid crystal display, a TFT capable of realizing a higher response speed.
- constituent materials There are demands for constituent materials.
- this IGZO requires an annealing process of 350 ° C. or higher when forming a TFT, so it should be used for display devices that cannot be subjected to high-temperature heat treatment such as organic EL panels and electronic paper using a flexible substrate. It is pointed out that this is difficult.
- oxide-type semiconductor materials that do not use In or Ga have been demanded due to resource problems and effects on the human body and the environment, and development of alternative materials for IGZO from this point is also required.
- IGZO As an alternative material for IGZO, for example, an oxide semiconductor material (ZTO: Zn—Sn—O-based oxide) composed of Zn oxide and Sn oxide has been proposed (Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3). Patent Document 4, Patent Document 5). These prior art ZTOs have been developed to achieve high carrier mobility. Although it has been found that these prior arts can achieve high carrier mobility, the heat treatment temperature at the time of TFT formation has not been sufficiently studied, and its applicability to organic EL panels and electronic paper has been found. Not done.
- ZTO oxide semiconductor material
- Patent Document 5 when an oxide semiconductor material containing Zn and Sn contains a large number of elements including Zr as dopants, the electron carrier density is greater than 1 ⁇ 10 15 / cm 3 and 1 ⁇
- an oxide type semiconductor material having a density of less than 10 18 / cm 3 has been proposed, the heat resistance at the time of TFT formation and the content of the dopant at that time are also considered in this Patent Document 5 although the sheet resistance has been studied. Such a study is not enough.
- the sheet resistance and carrier density in Patent Document 5 have the following relationship.
- the present invention has been made in the background as described above.
- the carrier mobility is equal to or higher than that of IGZO, and has a high carrier mobility of about 10 cm 2 / Vs, and 300
- An object of the present invention is to provide an oxide semiconductor material (ZTO: Zn—Sn—O-based oxide) containing Zn oxide, Sn oxide, and Zr as a dopant, which does not require high-temperature heat treatment at a temperature of 0 ° C. or higher.
- the present inventors diligently studied the case where Zr is contained as a dopant in an oxide semiconductor material composed of Zn oxide and Sn oxide.
- the present inventors have found that a ZTO film capable of realizing a TFT that can be driven without requiring high-temperature heat treatment while maintaining high carrier mobility is obtained.
- the present invention is an oxide semiconductor material containing Zn oxide and Sn oxide, containing Zr as a dopant, and the Zr content is the total number of atoms of Zn, Sn, and Zr as metal elements.
- the atomic ratio of the dopant to is 0.005 or less.
- the carrier mobility is equal to or higher than that of IGZO, and carrier mobility of about 10 cm 2 / Vs can be realized. Can be formed. Moreover, since In and Ga are not included, there are no resource problems and the influence on the human body and the environment is reduced.
- the dopant Zr in the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention is such that the atomic ratio of the dopant to the total number of atoms of Zn, Sn, and Zr as a metal element is 0.005 or less. Specifically, the dopant is included so that z / (x + y + z) ⁇ 0.005, where x is the number of Zn atoms as the metal element, y is the number of Sn atoms, and z is the number of Zr atoms. . If this atomic ratio exceeds 0.005, the carrier density becomes less than 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 when heat treatment is performed at 300 ° C., and good semiconductor characteristics cannot be maintained.
- the carrier density is less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , so that a carrier density equal to or lower than that of the IGZO film after heat treatment at 350 ° C. can be realized.
- the lower limit of the dopant content is not limited as long as a carrier density equal to or lower than that of IGZO can be realized and a switching element such as a TFT can be formed by heat treatment at 250 ° C. or lower.
- the inventors have confirmed that even if the Zr content of the dopant is 0.000085 (8.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ) in atomic ratio, it can be used as the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention. .
- the ratio A / (A + B) is less than 0.4, the Sn ratio increases. Therefore, when the thin film formed during element formation is patterned by etching, the etching rate with an oxalic acid-based etching solution is extremely high. Slow down and not suitable for production process.
- the ratio exceeds 0.8, the ratio of Zn increases, so the resistance of the oxide semiconductor material to water decreases, and in the patterning process of wiring and semiconductor layers generally used when forming TFT elements.
- the ZTO film itself is damaged by the influence of the resist stripping solution and pure water cleaning, and the original TFT element characteristics cannot be realized. In some cases, the ZTO film is dissolved and dropped from the substrate, and the TFT element cannot be formed. .
- the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention is very effective for a bottom gate type or top gate type thin film transistor.
- the oxide type semiconductor material of the present invention can realize carrier mobility equal to or higher than that of IGZO and can be used in low-temperature heat treatment at 250 ° C. or lower, so that a three-dimensional display type that requires a high response speed is required. It is suitable for a liquid crystal display, and can also be applied when forming a switching element such as an organic EL panel or electronic paper using a flexible substrate.
- the switching element is formed from the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention, it is effective to use a thin film formed from the oxide semiconductor material, and a sputtering method is used to form the thin film. It is preferable.
- a direct-current power source, a high-frequency power source, or a pulsed DC power source can be used for film formation by sputtering.
- a pulsed DC power source when using a target, it is possible to suppress the formation of nodules and surface high resistance layers generated on the surface of the target by using a pulsed DC power source, and to form a stable film. It will be suitable.
- the film can be formed by the above sputtering method, but other film forming methods other than sputtering, such as pulsed laser deposition, can be applied. it can. Further, an element can be formed using the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention by applying a dispersion liquid in which nanoparticles of a semiconductor material are dispersed in a solvent or by forming a circuit by an ink jet method.
- oxide semiconductor material of the present invention carrier mobility equal to or higher than that of IGZO can be realized, and switching elements such as TFTs can be formed by low-temperature heat treatment at 250 ° C. or lower.
- switching elements such as TFTs can be formed by low-temperature heat treatment at 250 ° C. or lower.
- In and Ga are not included, there is no problem in terms of resources, and the influence on the human body and the environment can be reduced.
- TFT device schematic Measurement graph of TFT characteristics (Example 1, 200 ° C.) Measurement graph of TFT characteristics (Examples 1, 220 ° C.) Measurement graph of TFT characteristics (Example 1, 250 ° C.) Measurement graph of TFT characteristics (Example 1, 300 ° C.) TFT characteristic measurement graph (Comparative Example 1, 200 ° C.) Measurement graph of TFT characteristics (Comparative Example 2, 200 ° C.)
- Target preparation ZnO powder pre-fired at 500 ° C. in air atmosphere, SnO 2 powder pre-fired at 1050 ° C. in air atmosphere, and ZrO 2 powder not pre-fired are weighed in predetermined amounts.
- the mixture was put into a resin pot (capacity 4 L) and mixed with a ball mill. In this ball mill, mixing was performed at a rotation speed of 130 rpm and a mixing time of 12 hours.
- the mixed powder was sieved with a sieve having an opening of 500 ⁇ m and a wire diameter of 315 ⁇ m.
- the mixed powder under the sieve from which the coarse particles were removed was filled into a ⁇ 100 mm carbon press die, and a sintered body was produced by hot pressing.
- the hot press conditions were such that the Ar gas flow rate was 3 L / min, the temperature was raised to 1050 ° C. under a pressure of 9.4 MPa, held for 90 minutes under a pressure of 25 MPa, naturally cooled, and the sintered body was taken out.
- the sintered compact target formation for forming the thin film which becomes each atomic ratio shown in Table 1 with the above procedures was performed.
- Film formation was performed using a commercially available sheet-type sputtering apparatus (manufactured by Tokki Co., Ltd .: SML-464).
- the sputtering conditions were an ultimate vacuum of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa, an Ar / O 2 mixed gas as a sputtering gas, a sputtering gas pressure of 0.4 Pa, an oxygen partial pressure of 0.01 Pa, and room temperature (25 ° C.).
- a film having a thickness of about 100 nm was formed on a glass substrate (manufactured by Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd .: OA-10) by DC sputtering of 150 W.
- This film composition was formed by using an ICP (inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopic analyzer (manufactured by SII Nano Technology Co., Ltd .: Vista Pro).
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- Table 1 the atomic ratio values of Zn / (Zn + Sn) and Zr / (Zn + Sn + Zr) are calculated from the measured values of Zn, Sn, and Zr.
- TFT thin film transistor
- the composition of the oxide semiconductor material is such that the oxide semiconductor is cut while the element is cut and observed through a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or the like. The material layer can be identified and the portion can be identified by EDX analysis.
- each of the deposited samples was annealed at 200 ° C., 220 ° C., 250 ° C., and 300 ° C. for 1 hour in the air atmosphere to measure the Hall effect, and the specific resistance value and carrier mobility of each sample were measured.
- the carrier density was determined.
- This Hall effect measurement was performed using each sample cut into a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm square by a commercially available Hall effect measuring device (manufactured by Nanometrics Japan Co., Ltd .: HL5500PC). Table 1 shows the results of the specific resistance value, carrier mobility, and carrier density of each sample.
- the heat treatment after the film formation is different from the substrate temperature at the time of film formation (sputtering), and heat energy is applied to a stable film formed and fixed at one end.
- the substrate temperature in Patent Document 5 is the heat applied during film formation, and when the atoms that have fallen apart by sputtering adhere to the substrate, the atoms attached to the substrate become more stable as the substrate temperature rises. The phenomenon of moving to a different place occurs.
- the control of the substrate temperature at the time of film formation determines the crystal state and orientation of the film as the rearrangement of atoms proceeds in total of the energy at the time of sputtering and the thermal energy of the substrate temperature. This is different from the heat treatment after film formation.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view (A) and a schematic plan view (B) of the formed TFT element.
- the TFT was formed by first forming an Al alloy (thickness: 2000 mm) on the glass substrate 10 as the gate electrode 20.
- the sputtering gas pressure here was 0.4 Pa, and DC sputtering with an input power of 1000 W was performed.
- SiNx thinness: 3000 mm
- a film was formed by a plasma CVD apparatus (manufactured by samco: PD-2202L), and plasma CVD was performed at a substrate temperature of 350 ° C. and an input power of 250 W.
- the ZTO-ZrO 2 film was formed as the channel layer 40.
- the sputtering gas pressure here was 0.4 Pa, and DC sputtering with an input power of 150 W was performed.
- Channel W / L 22.
- FIG. 1B shows the element dimensions of the TFT thus manufactured. The numerical unit of each width in FIG. 1B is mm.
- the transmission characteristic was measured with the semiconductor analyzer (Semiconductor Device Analyzer B1500A made from Agilent Technologies).
- the drain voltage (Vds) applied during measurement was 1 to 5 V
- the measurement range of the gate voltage (Vgs) was ⁇ 10 to 20 V.
- 2 to 7 show the measurement results of the TFT transfer characteristics.
- 2 to 5 show the TFT characteristics in Example 1 (each heat treatment temperature)
- FIG. 6 shows the TFT characteristics in Comparative Example 1 (heat treatment 200 ° C.)
- FIG. 7 shows Comparative Example 2 (heat treatment).
- the left side of the vertical axis is a logarithmic axis of drain current: Ids (A) value
- the right side of the vertical axis is a decimal point display axis of ⁇ Ids value.
- the film after the heat treatment at 200 ° C. It has been found that the carrier density falls within the range of 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more and less than 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 . In Comparative Example 2, the film carrier density was less than 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 at a heat treatment temperature of 300 ° C.
- Example 1 the TFT characteristics at each heat treatment temperature were as shown in FIGS.
- Table 2 shows the results of the TFT characteristic values in FIGS.
- the electrolytic effect mobility ⁇ is a value obtained from the result of measuring TFT characteristics after forming a TFT element
- the carrier mobility in Table 1 is a value obtained by measuring the Hall effect of the formed film. is there.
- the S value is a subthreshold swing value indicating the characteristics of the transistor.
- Example 2 As shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 and Table 2, in the case of Example 1, the on / off ratio was 5 digits at all the heat treatment temperatures, and it was found that good TFT characteristics were exhibited. However, at the heat treatment temperature of 200 ° C. in Example 1, the slope of the straight line at on / off was slightly gentle as shown in FIG. It was also found that Examples 2 to 5 had similar TFT characteristics. On the other hand, in the case of the non-doped comparative example 1 (200 ° C.), as shown in FIG. 6, the element does not turn on / off, and the switching element can function as a channel layer. Not confirmed. And as shown in FIG. 7, in the case of the comparative example 2 (200 degreeC), it turned out that the effect
- the oxide type semiconductor material of the present invention is extremely effective as a constituent material of a TFT that requires a higher response speed, such as a switching element of a stereoscopic display type liquid crystal display.
- the oxide semiconductor material of the present invention can be used in low-temperature heat treatment, it is suitable for organic EL panels and electronic papers that use flexible substrates, etc., and has a viewpoint of resource problems and effects on human bodies and the environment. Therefore, the industrial utility value is high.
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Abstract
Description
Rs=ρ/t
ρ=1/(e・N・μ)
(Rs:シート抵抗値、ρ:比抵抗値(体積抵抗率)、N:キャリア密度、μ:キャリア移動度、t膜厚)
つまり、特許文献5のように、シート抵抗値しか判らない場合、膜厚やキャリア移動度が特定できないと、キャリア密度が特定することができない。このようなことから、IGZOの代替材料としてのZTOに関しても、更なる改善が求められているのが現状である。
Claims (3)
- Zn酸化物とSn酸化物とを含む酸化物型半導体材料であって、
ドーパントとして、Zrを含有し、Zr含有量は、金属元素としてのZn、Sn、Zrの各原子数合計に対するドーパントの原子比が0.005以下であることを特徴とする酸化物型半導体材料。 - 請求項1に記載の酸化物型半導体材料を用いて形成されたボトムゲート型あるいはトップゲート型の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項1に記載の酸化物型半導体材料により形成された薄膜を成膜するためのスパッタリングターゲットであって、
Zn酸化物とSn酸化物とからなり、
Zrを含有し、Zr含有量は、金属元素としてのZn、Sn、Zrの各原子数合計に対するドーパントの原子比が0.005以下であることを特徴とするスパッタリングターゲット。
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