WO2012157552A1 - プローブ - Google Patents
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- WO2012157552A1 WO2012157552A1 PCT/JP2012/062115 JP2012062115W WO2012157552A1 WO 2012157552 A1 WO2012157552 A1 WO 2012157552A1 JP 2012062115 W JP2012062115 W JP 2012062115W WO 2012157552 A1 WO2012157552 A1 WO 2012157552A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- fiber system
- light
- optical
- region
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0071—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by measuring fluorescence emission
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0082—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes
- A61B5/0084—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence adapted for particular medical purposes for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a probe that includes an optical system for irradiating a measurement target site of a living tissue with irradiation light and receiving the measurement light emitted from the measurement target site, and measuring the measurement light.
- Observation and diagnosis of a body lumen using an electronic endoscope is a diagnostic method that is currently widely used. Since this diagnostic method directly observes the body tissue, it does not require excision of the lesion and has the advantage that the burden on the subject is small. On the other hand, such a method for directly observing a body lumen is considered to be less accurate and accurate than pathological examination after biopsy, and efforts to improve imaging image quality are continuously made. . Recently, in addition to the so-called videoscope, diagnostic devices utilizing various optical principles and ultrasonic diagnostic devices have been proposed, and some of them have been put into practical use. Also in these fields, in order to improve the diagnostic accuracy, a new measurement principle is introduced or a plurality of measurement principles are combined.
- a fluorescence image endoscope system has also been proposed in which a fluorescence image is acquired and displayed so as to overlap a normal visible image. Such a system is highly promising because it leads to early detection of malignant tumors.
- a method for determining the state of a tissue by acquiring fluorescence intensity information without forming a fluorescence image. Some of these methods acquire fluorescence without using an image sensor mounted on an electronic endoscope.
- diagnostic probes for performing such fluorescent diagnosis that is, probes which are in the body via the forceps channel of the endoscope, or which are integrated with the endoscope.
- fluorescence observation probes described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 they are introduced into the body by being inserted into the forceps channel of the endoscope.
- the fluorescence observation probe of Patent Document 1 includes an excitation light guide for guiding excitation light, it does not include a light reception guide for acquiring fluorescence, and the fluorescence is received by the CCD of the endoscope. Get an image. Therefore, the fluorescence observation function with the probe alone cannot be completed.
- a method of obtaining a signal intensity for each wavelength by performing spectroscopy or a method of extracting only a specific wavelength region with an optical filter Compared to, various information contained in the measurement light cannot be fully utilized.
- Patent Document 2 separates excitation light and fluorescence with a dichroic mirror, and there is a problem that the two cannot be separated when the wavelengths of excitation light and measurement light are the same or close.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems in the prior art, and an object thereof is to provide an optical measurement probe that can be applied to both an elastic process and an inelastic process.
- an optical measurement probe having an optical system arranged within a diameter.
- the invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-described problem is provided with an optical system for irradiating the measurement target part of the living tissue with the irradiation light and receiving the measurement light emitted from the measurement target part.
- a probe for measuring measurement light As the optical system at the tip, a first optical fiber system constituting an irradiation light guide for guiding the irradiation light, and a second optical fiber system constituting a light receiving light guide for guiding the measurement light, A condensing lens system that irradiates the irradiation light and condenses the measurement light facing the emission end of the first optical fiber system and the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system;
- Each of the first and second optical fiber systems is composed of a single optical fiber or a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers,
- the condenser lens system is composed of one or a plurality of lenses, The optical axis of the condensing lens system, the central axis of the light emitting end of the first optical fiber
- the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the first optical fiber system at the output end of the first optical fiber system is d 1
- the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the second optical fiber system at the light receiving end of said second optical fiber system was d 2
- the outgoing end of the first optical fiber system and the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system are installed in a region having a diameter of less than 2d 1 + d 2 with the optical axis of the condenser lens system as a central axis. 1.
- a region having a diameter less than d 1 + d 2 with the central axis of the exit end of the first optical fiber system as the central axis is defined as a region ⁇ .
- a region ⁇ having a diameter less than d 1 + d 2 centering on an axis that is symmetrical to the central axis of the exit end of the first optical fiber system with the optical axis of the condenser lens system as the center is defined as a region ⁇ .
- the diameter centered on the optical axis of the condensing lens system in the inner region where the light emitting end of the first optical fiber system and the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system can be installed.
- D the probe effective inner diameter
- a distance d between an axis that is symmetrical to the central axis of the output end of the first optical fiber system and the central axis of the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system with the optical axis of the condenser lens system as the center 3 satisfies the relationship of (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 ⁇ d 3 ⁇ D ⁇ (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2, the first optical fiber system, the second optical fiber system, and the collector
- the invention according to claim 5 is any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first optical fiber system and the second optical fiber system are arranged such that at least a part of the outer periphery thereof is in contact with each other. It is a probe as described in.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention is the probe according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the first optical fiber system and the second optical fiber system are spaced apart from each other. .
- At least one of the first and second optical fiber systems is configured by a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers, and one light configured by a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers.
- At least one of the first and second optical fiber systems is configured by a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers, and one light configured by a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers.
- the first optical fiber system includes a light emitting end of the first optical fiber system, a light receiving end of the second optical fiber system, and a lens constituting the condenser lens system, and the second optical fiber is the most. 4.
- the distance between the lens on the system side and the first surface on the light receiving end side of the second optical fiber system is in the range of equal to 1.4 times the focal length of the condenser lens. It is a probe as described in any one of Claim 8.
- the reflected light from the condenser lens system is concentrated at a position symmetrical to the central axis of the exit end of the first optical fiber system with the optical axis of the condenser lens system as the center.
- the optical axis of the system, the central axis of the light emitting end of the first optical fiber system, and the central axis of the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system are straight lines passing through two of these three axes. Since the optical system can be arranged within a small diameter as compared with the case where a straight line passes through these three axes, the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system can be arranged.
- the central axis of the lens Since the central axis of the lens is away from the symmetrical position, the light incident on the second optical fiber system from the reflected lens system is reduced.
- the irradiation light guided by the first optical fiber system is passed through the condensing lens system under the condition that the optical system can be disposed within a small diameter and the incident light of the reflected light to the second optical fiber system can be reduced.
- the measurement target region of the living tissue can be irradiated, and the measurement light emitted from the measurement target region can be condensed via the condensing lens system and incident on the second optical fiber system. In any of the elastic processes, the irradiation light and the measurement light can be sufficiently separated and the diameter of the probe can be reduced.
- the probe 10 of this embodiment includes a first optical fiber system 1, a second optical fiber system 2, and a condenser lens system inside.
- the first optical fiber system 1 constitutes an irradiation light guide for guiding irradiation light.
- the second optical fiber system 2 constitutes a light receiving light guide for guiding measurement light.
- Each of the first and second optical fiber systems 1 and 2 is an optical fiber bundle composed of one optical fiber or a bundle of a plurality of optical fibers, and is held by a fiber holding member 4.
- the condensing lens system is composed of one or a plurality of lenses.
- the condensing lens system is the condensing lens 3, and when the condensing lens system is composed of a plurality of lenses, the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 are connected.
- the lens arranged at the closest position is referred to as a condenser lens 3.
- the tip of the first optical fiber system 1 facing the condenser lens 3 is the emitting end 1a
- the tip of the second optical fiber system 2 facing the condenser lens 3 is the light receiving end 2a.
- the side facing the emitting end 1 a of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end 2 a of the second optical fiber system 2 is defined as a first surface 3 a, and the first surface 3 a Let the opposite side be the 2nd surface 3b.
- the condensing lens 3 has a function of condensing the excitation light emitted from the first optical fiber system 1 with a spread on the measurement target and the measurement light emitted from the measurement target with a second spread. It is a lens having a positive power to achieve the function of condensing around the optical fiber system 2.
- the first surface 3a is a convex surface and the second surface 3b is a substantially flat surface.
- the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 are fixed by the fiber holding member 4, and the condensing lens 3 and the fiber holding member 4 are fixed to the probe sheath 5.
- a window for projecting and receiving light is provided on the distal end surface 11 of the probe 10, and the probe 10 is sealed so that liquid or the like does not enter the inside, and has a so-called watertight structure.
- the proximal end of the probe 10 is connected to a base unit (not shown).
- the base unit includes a light source of excitation light, a spectroscope or photodetector, an analysis device, and the like.
- the base end of the first optical fiber system 1 is connected to the light source, and the base end of the second optical fiber system 2 is connected to the spectroscope or the photodetector.
- Excitation light from the light source is guided to the tip of the probe 10 by the first optical fiber system 1.
- the excitation light emitted from the emission end 1 a of the first optical fiber system 1 is collected by the condenser lens 3, emitted from the distal end surface 11 of the probe 10, and irradiated to the measurement target site on the biological tissue surface 20. .
- Fluorescence is generated according to the lesion state by the excitation light irradiated to the measurement target site.
- Measurement light from a measurement target site including the generated fluorescence and reflected light from the biological tissue surface 20 enters the probe 10 from the distal end surface 11 and is collected by the condenser lens 3. The light enters the light receiving end 2a. Further, the measurement light is guided by the second optical fiber system 2.
- the measurement light guided by the second optical fiber system 2 is input to the spectroscope or photodetector of the base unit.
- Fluorescence is broadly defined as an object irradiated with X-rays, ultraviolet rays, or visible light absorbs its energy, excites electrons, and releases excess energy as electromagnetic waves when it returns to the ground state.
- the excitation light reference light
- causes fluorescence having a wavelength different from that wavelength to be generated as return light and this is detected and guided to the spectroscope of the base unit via the second optical fiber system 2. Then, the lesion state to be measured is detected by analyzing the spectral distribution.
- the probe 10 may be inserted into the body through a channel formed in the endoscope, or may be inserted into the body independently from the endoscope. Good.
- the probe 10 may be configured to be inserted into the body together with the endoscope by being configured in the endoscope.
- the probe 10 is intended for observation or diagnosis of biological tissue by optical measurement.
- the optical measurement includes, but is not limited to, reflected light measurement in addition to the above-described fluorescence measurement.
- FIG. 1 shows an optical axis 3X of the condenser lens 3, a central axis 1X of the emission end 1a of the first optical fiber system 1, and a central axis 2X of the light receiving end 2a of the second optical fiber system 2.
- the light emitting end 1a surface of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end 2a surface of the second optical fiber system 2 exist on substantially the same plane. While placing these optical systems 1, 2, and 3 within the narrow diameter of the tip of the probe 10, the incident light of the reflected light from the condenser lens 3 to the second optical fiber system 2 is reduced and high efficiency is achieved.
- they are arranged so as to satisfy the conditions described below.
- the three axes 1X, 2X, and 3X are arranged on the condition that a straight line passing through two does not pass through the remaining one.
- the reflected light from the condensing lens system 3 is concentrated at a position symmetrical to the central axis 1X of the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1 with the optical axis 3X of the condensing lens system 3 as the center.
- the optical system is compared with the case where these three axes exist on a straight line. Can be arranged within a small diameter.
- the first optical fiber system 1 and the second optical fiber system 2 may be arranged such that at least a part of the outer periphery is in contact with each other, or the first optical fiber system 1 and the second optical fiber.
- the system 2 may be arranged apart from each other, but the former is advantageous in reducing the probe diameter and increasing the light receiving efficiency.
- the outer circumference of the other optical fiber system may not be located in the circumscribed circle of one optical fiber system configured.
- the condensing lens system and the two optical fiber systems are arranged under the following conditions.
- a plane coordinate on a plane perpendicular to the three axes 1X, 2X, and 3X is assumed.
- a coordinate where the optical axis 3X of the condenser lens 3 is located is defined as an origin O.
- the central axis 1X of the first optical fiber system 1 is located at the coordinate P1.
- this is located.
- the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the first optical fiber system 1 at the emission end of the first optical fiber system 1 is defined as d 1 .
- the diameter d 1 is equivalent to the outer diameter of the optical fiber, and when the first optical fiber system 1 is an optical fiber bundle, the outermost light Equivalent to the diameter of the circle circumscribing the fiber.
- the diameter of the circumscribed circle of the second optical fiber system 2 at the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system 2 is defined as d2.
- the emission end 1a of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end 2a of the second optical fiber system 2 are centered on the optical axis 3X. It is installed in a region having a diameter less than 2d 1 + d 2 as an axis. That is, a probe whose diameter is centered on the optical axis (the origin O in FIG. 2A) of the internal region ⁇ where the emission end 1a of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end 2a of the second optical fiber system 2 can be installed. Assuming the effective inner diameter D, the probe 10 is configured to satisfy the condition of D ⁇ 2d 1 + d 2 . In FIG.
- the inner diameter of the fiber holding member 4 is equivalent to D.
- X1, X2, and an axis that is symmetric with respect to the central axis 1X of the first optical fiber system 1 centered on the optical axis 3X of the condenser lens 3 is on one straight line. This is an amount corresponding to the minimum effective inner diameter of the probe when the second optical fiber system 2 is arranged so as not to be affected by the reflected light from the condensing lens system 3.
- D ⁇ 2d 1 + d 2 is set, and the effective inner diameter of the probe is made smaller than this amount. Note that D ⁇ d 1 + d 2 because the first and second optical fiber systems need to be housed in the probe holding member.
- the optical measurement probe 10 having the above-described configuration increases the light receiving efficiency of the measurement light in both the elastic process and the inelastic process, and stray light other than the measurement light (for example, reflected light from the lens surface). This is configured to reduce the amount of light received from the lens. This object is achieved by the arrangement of the condenser lens 3 and the optical fiber systems 1 and 2.
- the first surface 3a of the condensing lens 3 has a convex surface
- the second surface 3b has a substantially flat shape.
- the reflected light from the first surface 3a travels toward the first and second optical fiber systems 1 and 2 while diverging.
- the reflected light from the second surface 3b travels toward the first and second optical fiber systems 1 and 2 while converging.
- Light that propagates while diffusing does not contribute much as stray light because of its low power density.
- the light reflected by the second surface 3 b and propagating in the direction of the second optical fiber system 2 while condensing is not received. It is necessary.
- the light receiving end 2 a of the second optical fiber system 2 can be avoided from the main reflected light from the condensing lens 3 by the relative position of the condensing lens 3 and the optical fiber systems 1 and 2.
- the fact that the light collection position of the reflected light from the second surface 3b can be changed by removing the first optical fiber system 1 from the optical axis 3X is utilized.
- FIG. 3 a plano-convex lens 30 is shown. Light is emitted toward the convex surface of the plano-convex lens 30 from the exit port 31 at a position off the optical axis 30X of the plano-convex lens 30. Light is reflected by the lens plane opposite to the convex surface.
- the distance between the lens 31 and the lens optical axis 30X is 0.25 mm, the size of the exit port 31 is ⁇ 0.2 mm, the NA of the emitted light is 0.22, and the wavelength is 632.8 nm.
- the collection position of the reflected light is also off the optical axis 30 ⁇ / b> X.
- the reflected light from the lens plane is condensed at a position shifted in the direction opposite to the exit port 31 with respect to the optical axis 30X.
- the condensing position of the reflected light from the second surface 3b of the condensing lens 3 is a symmetrical position with respect to the central axis 1X of the first optical fiber system 1 and the optical axis 3X.
- the substantial condensing center of the reflected light from the condensing lens 3 is the coordinate ⁇ P1> in FIG.
- the second surface 3b is substantially flat.
- the condensing spot diameter of the reflected light on the plane including the light receiving end 2 a of the second optical fiber system 2 is approximately the same as the diameter d 1 related to the first optical fiber system 1.
- the probe configuration conditions are defined as follows.
- (Configuration condition 1) As shown in FIG. 2, a first region spaced inside the distance d 2/2 or more from the outer periphery of the exit end and a second can be installed inside area receiving end of the optical fiber system 2 omega optical fiber system 1 , Region ⁇ .
- a region having a diameter d 1 + d 2 less than the center axis (P1 in FIG. 2) of the emission end of the first optical fiber system 1 is defined as a region ⁇ .
- a region less than the diameter d 1 + d 2 is defined as a region ⁇ .
- a point-symmetric image of the region ⁇ with respect to the optical axis is defined as a region ⁇ .
- the central axis 2X of the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system 2 is arranged in a region ⁇ (hatched portion in FIG. 2) that does not include the region ⁇ and the region ⁇ in the region ⁇ .
- the internal region ⁇ and the region ⁇ are not limited to the circular shape shown in FIG. 2A, but also include polygons including the quadrangle shown in FIG. 2B and other irregular shapes. At this time, it is preferable that the emission end of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end of the second optical fiber system 2 are arranged as close as possible to increase the light receiving efficiency of the measurement light.
- the probe configuration conditions can be defined as follows.
- (Configuration condition 2) A probe whose diameter is centered on the optical axis (origin O) of the condensing lens system in the internal region ⁇ in which the emission end 1a of the first optical fiber system 1 and the light receiving end 2a of the second optical fiber system 2 can be installed.
- the effective inner diameter D (where D ⁇ 2d 1 + d 2 ).
- An axis (-P1) that is symmetrical with the central axis (P1) of the exit end 1a of the first optical fiber system 1 around the optical axis (origin O) of the condenser lens system, and the second optical fiber system
- the first optical fiber system so that the distance d 3 between the light receiving end 2 and the central axis 2X satisfies the relationship (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 ⁇ d 3 ⁇ D ⁇ (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2
- the second optical fiber system and the condenser lens system are disposed.
- conditional expressions “(d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 ⁇ d 3 ” is equivalent to a mathematical expression of the condition “does not include the region ⁇ ” in the configuration condition 1 above, and the reflected light from the lens surface. The purpose is to reduce the amount of received light.
- conditional expression “d 3 ⁇ D ⁇ (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2” is based on the following reason. As shown in FIG. 4, consider a case where the first optical fiber system 1 and the second optical fiber system 2 are arranged as far as possible in an internal region ⁇ having a diameter D.
- the center P1 of the first optical fiber system 1 and the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 are The distance is D ⁇ (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2. Therefore, the distance d 3 does not exceed the distance D ⁇ (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2, and this is the upper limit.
- the curvature of the condenser lens 3 or the first and second By setting the distance between the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 and the condenser lens 3 to a predetermined value, an increase in the amount of received light reflected by the lens due to an installation position error of the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 in the emission plane is prevented. Realize that.
- the focal length of the condensing lens 3 is set to a range from the same magnification to 1.4 times the curvature radius r 1 of the first surface 3a of the condensing lens 3 and the second surface opposite to the first surface 3a.
- the ratio r 1 / r 2 of the curvature radius r 2 of 3b is set in the range of ⁇ 0.05 to 0.05.
- the second optical fiber system 2 can be avoided from the reflected light from the condenser lens 3 and the measurement light from the measurement target can be efficiently used even in a narrow effective probe inner diameter.
- the second embodiment shows that the second optical fiber system 2 can receive light.
- Specific numerical values shown below are values set for explanation, and do not limit the configuration of the present invention.
- the case of a cylindrical probe is considered. As shown in FIG. 5, the probe is polygonal (FIG. 5A), D-shaped (FIG. 5B), and circular with a notch (FIG. 5). 5C) or a polygonal cross-sectional shape.
- Example 1 has the following configuration conditions.
- P1 (0.11, y 1 )
- Refractive index n d 1.51633
- ⁇ d 64.1 of the glass material of the condenser lens 3
- the radius of curvature r 1 of the first surface of the condensing lens 3 is 0.83 mm
- the second surface 3b is a distance of 1.57 mm between the flat condensing lens 3 and the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of examining the change in the light receiving efficiency and the amount of reflected light of the lens when changing y 1 under the above-described configuration conditions by simulation.
- the light receiving efficiency is expressed as the amount of light received by the second optical fiber with respect to the amount of light emitted from the first optical fiber.
- the light receiving efficiency is substantially constant regardless of y 1 .
- the lens reflected light amount decreases as y 1 increases, and becomes almost zero when y 1 is about 0.1 or more.
- the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 is ( ⁇ 0.11, 0.1)
- FIG. 8 shows the positional relationship based on the configuration condition 1.
- y 1 > 0.1 in which the amount of reflected lens light decreases it is confirmed that the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 is within the region ⁇ of the configuration condition 1.
- the radius of curvature r 1 of the first surface of the condensing lens 3 is 0.83 mm
- the second surface 3b is a distance of 1.57 mm between the flat condensing lens 3 and the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1.
- the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 is set to the coordinates A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of examining the change in the light receiving efficiency and the amount of reflected light from the lens when moving away from the coordinate ⁇ P1> corresponding to the light collection center of the reflected light from the surface 3b.
- the horizontal axis represents the distance from the center ( ⁇ 0.19, 0) of the center ⁇ P1> of the region ⁇ to the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2.
- the light receiving efficiency is substantially constant regardless of the distance
- FIG. 10B the lens reflected light amount greatly changes when the distance is around 0.22.
- the third embodiment has the same configuration conditions as the second embodiment.
- Example 3 when the figure which defines the area
- the numerical value displayed in FIG. 12 indicates the amount of reflected lens light received by the second optical fiber system 2 when the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 is installed at the position where the numerical value is displayed. However, the numerical value multiplied by 10,000 is displayed for easy display. As shown in FIG. 12, the amount of reflected lens light is 4 or more in the region ⁇ , but 2 or less in the region ⁇ , and the lens is reflected over the entire region ⁇ shown in the configuration condition 1. I found that the light was low.
- the lens reflected light amount is reduced by following the configuration condition 1 or 2 as described in the first, second, and third embodiments.
- the description regarding the position of the optical fiber system covers the plane perpendicular to the first optical fiber system 1 including the emission end 1a of the first optical fiber 1. Further, this plane is called an emission plane. A part of the light emitted from the first optical fiber system 1 is reflected on both surfaces of the condenser lens 3.
- a plano-convex lens in which the front surface is convex and the back surface is flat when viewed from the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 is described.
- the light reflected by the convex surface travels toward the first and second optical fiber systems 1 and 2 while diffusing. Since this propagates while diffusing, the light energy density is small.
- the light reflected by the plane propagates so as to be condensed around the first optical fiber system 1.
- the reflected light from the plane is approximately the same in the direction opposite to that of the first optical fiber system 1 (with respect to the optical axis). It shifts to a point-symmetrical position. Therefore, the reflected light from the condenser lens plane is distributed around the position of ⁇ P1 on the emission plane.
- the size of the distribution of the reflected light from the condenser lens plane on the emission plane is considered to be equal to or larger than the size of the first optical fiber system 1 from geometrical considerations, and the minimum value of the diameter thereof. Can be approximated to d 1 .
- the above is the reason for defining the region ⁇ .
- the region ⁇ is a condition corresponding to disposing the second optical fiber system 2 away from the probe effective inner diameter D by at least the radius of the second optical fiber system in order to arrange the second optical fiber system 2 within the probe effective inner diameter D. determined from only D and d 2.
- the region ⁇ is a condition for disposing the second optical fiber system 2 around the first optical fiber system 1, and P1 and P2 need to be installed apart by the radius of both optical fiber systems 1 and 2. It is determined only from d 1 and d 2 .
- the configuration condition 1 is that the reflected light from the condenser lens 3 is collected from the geometric condition (outside the region ⁇ and outside the region ⁇ ) in which the second optical fiber system 2 can be installed.
- This is a region excluding the region ⁇ .
- only the region ⁇ is derived from the optical conditions.
- the condition that the center of the second optical fiber system 2 is outside the region ⁇ is that the distance between the coordinate ⁇ P1> and the coordinate P2 is d 3 and both optical fiber systems 1, 2 as described in the configuration condition 2.
- the first and second optical fiber systems 1 and 2 are arranged so as to be in contact with each other as much as possible so that the second optical fiber system 2 can efficiently receive the measurement light from the measurement object. preferable.
- the distribution of the reflected light from the second surface 3b of the condenser lens in the emission plane can be larger than the region ⁇ , but by following the configuration condition 1 or 2 (d 1 + d 2 ) / 2 ⁇ d 3 is satisfied, and it is possible to reduce the amount of received lens reflected light to the second optical fiber system 2.
- the curvature of the condenser lens 3 or the first and second By setting the distance between the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 and the condenser lens 3 to a predetermined value, an increase in the amount of received light reflected by the lens due to an installation position error of the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 in the emission plane is prevented. Realize that.
- the focal length of the condensing lens 3 is set to a range of 1 to 1.4 times, the radius of curvature r 1 of the first surface 3a of the condensing lens 3 and the second surface 3b opposite to the first surface 3a.
- the ratio r 1 / r 2 of the radius of curvature r 2 is set in the range of ⁇ 0.05 to 0.05.
- the setting distance of the condensing lens 3 with respect to the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 in consideration of the position error and the setting of the radius of curvature ratio r 1 / r 2 of the condensing lens 3 will be described.
- the second optical fiber system 2 hardly receive the reflected light from the condenser lens 3.
- the amount of received light reflected by the lens changes sensitively with respect to the installation positions of both optical fiber systems 1 and 2, so in an actual system, the amount of received light reflected by the lens is sufficiently suppressed even if the position error is included. It is necessary to be.
- the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 require that the optical fiber systems 1 and 2 exist in an arrangement according to the configuration conditions 1 and 2 even if an error is included. Further, as is clear from Examples 1, 2, and 3 described above, the amount of reflected light received by the lens tends to increase near the boundary with the region ⁇ . Therefore, it can be said that the configuration that reduces the amount of reflected / received lens near the boundary is a configuration that has high stability against the position error of the optical fiber systems 1 and 2. As means for realizing such a configuration, the respective measures of finely adjusting the curvature of the condenser lens and finely adjusting the distance between the exit surface of the optical fiber system 1 and the condenser lens 3 are effective. .
- Example 4 has the following configuration conditions.
- P1 (0.11, 0.105)
- P2 (-0.11, 0.105)
- -0.05 ⁇ r 1 / r 2 ⁇ 0.05 (positive and biconvex)
- the center P2 of the second optical fiber system 2 exists near the boundary of the region ⁇ as shown in FIG.
- the reflected light reflected by the condensing lens 3 when the distance between r 1 / r 2 and the condensing lens 3 and the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1 is changed is the second light.
- the amount of light received by the fiber system 2 is shown by a graph in FIG. In the graph of FIG. 14, the distance between the condenser lens 3 and the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1 is (the distance from the focal position of the condenser lens 3 to the exit end of the first optical fiber system 1). ) / (Focal length).
- the amount of reflected and received light of the lens can be minimized by setting the distance between the optical fiber system and the condenser lens to 1.15 times the focal length of the condenser lens. This also makes it possible to construct an optical system in which the optical performance is unlikely to change with respect to errors and fluctuations in the distance between the optical fiber system and the condenser lens. Further, it can be seen that the position where the minimum value is taken shifts depending on the curvature of the lens.
- the amount of reflected lens light can be minimized by adjusting the curvature radius ratio of the condenser lens and the distance between the optical fiber system 1 and the condenser lens 3. Therefore, when the position of the optical fiber 2 is near the boundary of the region defined by the above-described configuration conditions 1 and 2, the curvature radius ratio of the condensing lens and the distance between the optical fiber system and the condensing lens By adjusting, the amount of reflected lens light can be reduced. From FIG. 14A and FIG.
- the condensing lens system is configured by a single condensing lens. However, when the condensing lens system is configured by a plurality of lenses, the lens located closest to the optical fiber system is used.
- the range shown here varies slightly depending on the refractive index of the lens glass material.
- the optical system By configuring the optical system with an arrangement that minimizes the amount of reflected and received light from the lens, not only can the amount of reflected and received light of the lens be reduced, but also the amount of reflected light from the lens at least against errors in the lens shape and relative distance between the lens and the fiber. Is suppressed.
- the condensing lens in the arrangement of the condensing lens and the optical fiber system, following the step of determining the arrangement in consideration of the configuration conditions 1 and 2, the condensing lens is within the allowable range in the product specifications. By passing through the step of finely adjusting the curvature radius ratio and the distance between the optical fiber system and the condenser lens, it is possible to produce a probe in which the influence of the reflected light from the condenser lens is sufficiently reduced.
- the optical fiber irradiates the observation target site with the excitation light and receives the measurement light including the fluorescence generated due to the excitation light as an example. It is also possible to receive scattered light or Raman scattered light caused by the above. Even in these cases, it is possible to diagnose a disease state such as degeneration of a living tissue or cancer, and the effects of the present invention can be achieved.
- the probe according to the present invention may be used in the medical field where examination is performed by an endoscope.
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Abstract
Description
また、最近ではいわゆるビデオスコープ以外に、様々な光学原理を活用した診断装置や、超音波診断装置といったものが提案され、一部は実用化されている。これらの分野でも、その診断確度の改善のために、新しい測定原理を導入したり、複数の測定原理を組み合わせたりすることが行われている。
特に、組織からの蛍光や組織に塗布された蛍光物質からの蛍光を観察、測定することで、単に組織の画像を見るだけでは得られない情報を得られることが知られている。蛍光画像を取得し、通常の可視画像にオーバーラップさせて表示するといった蛍光画像内視鏡システムも提案されている。このようなシステムは、悪性腫瘍の早期発見につながるため、非常に期待されている。
また、蛍光画像を構成せずとも、蛍光の強度情報を取得することで組織の状態を判断する方法も知られている。このような方法においては、電子内視鏡に搭載されている撮像素子を使用せずに蛍光を取得するものもある。
このような蛍光診断をするための診断子、すなわちプローブは、内視鏡の鉗子チャンネル経由で体内にいたるもの、あるいは内視鏡と一体になっているものなどがある。特許文献1、2に記載の蛍光観察用プローブにあっては、内視鏡の鉗子チャンネルに挿入されることで、体内に導かれる。
特許文献1の蛍光観察用プローブは、励起光を導光する励起光導光路を備えているものの、蛍光を取得するための受光導光路を備えず、蛍光の受光は内視鏡のCCDによって行い蛍光画像を取得する。従って、プローブ単独での蛍光観察機能を完結できていない。特許文献1に開示される装置のように、測定光を内視鏡のCCDで受光してしまうと、分光を行って波長ごとの信号強度を得る方法や特定波長領域だけを光学フィルタで取り出す方法に比べて、測定光に含まれる様々な情報を十分に活用できない。従って、光ファイバで導光して外部で検出・処理する場合に比べて、信号検出や信号処理における自由度が低く、診断精度の向上には不利である。
特許文献2の蛍光観察用プローブは、励起光と蛍光の導光を同一の光ファイバで行っており、ベースユニットに設置されたダイクロイックミラーで励起光と蛍光を分けている。蛍光のみの測定を対象としている場合は、このような構成はその簡便性から有用であるといえる。しかし、診断確度の改善を目指すためには、多様な測定を同一のプローブで行えることが求められ、蛍光測定のみを対象としたこの構成は、汎用性に欠ける。
一方、多様な光学測定を行うためには、励起光と測定光の波長が同じ場合(弾性過程)と、励起光と測定光のエネルギーが異なる場合(非弾性過程)の両方に適用できることが求められる。特許文献2の蛍光観察用プローブは、ダイクロイックミラーで励起光と蛍光を分離しており、励起光と測定光の波長が同じ又は近い場合は両者を分離できないという問題がある。
その先端に前記光学系として、前記照射光を導光する照射導光路を構成する第1の光ファイバ系と、前記測定光を導光する受光導光路を構成する第2の光ファイバ系と、前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端に対向して前記照射光が照射されかつ前記測定光を集光する集光レンズ系とを有し、
前記第1及び第2の光ファイバ系はそれぞれ1本の光ファイバ又は複数本の光ファイバの束から構成され、
前記集光レンズ系は1個又は複数個のレンズから構成され、
前記集光レンズ系の光軸と、前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸とが、これら3つの軸のうち2つを通る直線が残りの1つを通らない条件で配置されてなるプローブである。
前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端における当該第2の光ファイバ系の外接円の直径をd2としたとき、
前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端が、前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心軸とする直径2d1+d2未満の領域に設置された請求項1に記載のプローブである。
前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域βとし、
前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心として前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と対称の位置にある軸を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域γとしたとき、
領域αのうち、領域β及び領域γを含まない領域に、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸が配置された請求項2に記載のプローブである。
前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心として前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と対称の位置にある軸と、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸との距離d3が、(d1+d2)/2<d3<D-(d1+d2)/2の関係を満たすように、前記第1の光ファイバ系、前記第2の光ファイバ系及び前記集光レンズ系が配置された請求項2に記載のプローブである。
第1及び第2の光ファイバ系1,2はそれぞれ1本の光ファイバ又は複数本の光ファイバの束からなる光ファイバ束であり、ファイバ保持部材4により保持される。
プローブ10の先端面11に光の投受光のための窓が設けられ、プローブ10は内部に液体等が侵入しないように密閉されており、いわゆる水密構造とされている。
まず、基本的な条件としては、3つの軸1X,2X,3Xは、2つを通る直線が残りの1つを通らない条件で配置される。集光レンズ系3の光軸3Xを中心として第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端の中心軸1Xと対称の位置に、集光レンズ系3からの反射光が集中するのであるが、3つの軸1X、2X、3Xを、これら3つの軸のうち2つを通る直線が残りの1つを通らない条件で配置することによって、これら3つの軸が一直線上に存在する場合に比べて光学系を細径内に配置することが可能になる。また、第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端の中心軸2Xが上記対称の位置から離れるため、集光レンズ系3からの反射光の第2の光ファイバ系2への入光が低減される。このため、弾性過程と非弾性過程のいずれにおいても、照射光と測定光を十分に分離することができる。
ここで、第1の光ファイバ系1と第2の光ファイバ系2とが互いに外周の少なくとも一部を接触させて配置してもよいし、第1の光ファイバ系1と第2の光ファイバ系2とを互いに離間して配置しても構わないが、前者の方がプローブの細径化や受光効率を高くするのに有利である。また、前者の場合及び後者の場合いずれであっても、(1)第1及び第2の光ファイバ系のうち少なくとも一方が複数本の光ファイバの束で構成されている場合に、複数本の光ファイバの束で構成される一方の光ファイバ系の外接円内に、他方の光ファイバ系の外周の一部が位置するようにしてもよいし、(2)複数本の光ファイバの束で構成される一方の光ファイバ系の外接円内には、他方の光ファイバ系の外周が位置していないようにしてもよい。上記(1)の場合はプローブの細径化や受光効率を高くするのに有利であり、上記(2)の場合は光ファイバの束を外接円で近似的に扱えるため設計が容易である。
第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端における第1の光ファイバ系1の外接円の直径をd1とする。第1の光ファイバ系1が1本の光ファイバである場合、直径d1はその光ファイバの外径に相等し、第1の光ファイバ系1が光ファイバ束である場合、最外周の光ファイバに外接する円の直径に相等する。同様に、第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端における第2の光ファイバ系2の外接円の直径をd2と定義する。
図3に示した一例を用いてこれを説明する。図3に、平凸レンズ30が示される。平凸レンズ30の光軸30Xから外れた位置にある出射口31から光を平凸レンズ30の凸面に向けて出射する。その凸面と逆側のレンズ平面で光は反射される。この場合の出射光及びレンズ平面からの反射光の光線が図3中に示される。ここで、レンズ30の屈折率はnd=1.51633、νd=64.1であり、凸面の曲率半径は0.83 mm、平面の直径は1.66 mm、レンズ平面と出射口31の距離は2.2 mm、出射口31とレンズ光軸30Xの距離は0.25 mm、出射口31の大きさはφ0.2 mmで出射光のNAは0.22、波長は632.8 nmである。
図3に示したように、レンズ平面からの反射光は、光軸30Xに関して出射口31と逆の方向にずれた位置に集光する。具体的には、集光レンズ3の第2の面3bからの反射光の集光位置は、第1の光ファイバ系1の中心軸1Xと、光軸3Xに対して対称な位置となる。すなわち、集光レンズ3からの反射光の実質的な集光中心は図2における座標〈-P1〉である。また、出射端1aから第2の面3bまでの光路長と、第2の面3bから受光端2aを含む平面までの光路長とが略等しく、第2の面3bが略平面であるから、第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端2aを含む平面における反射光の集光スポット径は、第1の光ファイバ系1に係る直径d1と同程度となる。
(構成条件1)
図2に示すように、第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端及び第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端を設置可能な内部領域ωの外周から内部に距離d2/2以上離れた領域を、領域αとする。
第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端の中心軸(図2におけるP1)を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域βとする。
光軸(図2における原点O)を中心として第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端の中心軸(図2におけるP1)と対称の位置にある軸(図2における〈-P1〉)を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域γとする。言い換えれば、光軸に対する領域βの点対称像を領域γとする。
このとき、領域αのうち、領域β及び領域γを含まない領域δ(図2におけるハッチング部)に、第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端の中心軸2Xを配置する。これにより、実質的に集光レンズ3からの反射光が照射されない位置に受光用の光ファイバである第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端を配置することができる。従って、高効率に測定光を受光し、レンズ面からの反射光の受光量を低減することができる。また、弾性過程であるか非弾性過程であるかに関わらず反射光の影響を受けにくくなるため、非弾性過程の場合には有用な、反射光をカットするための光学フィルタを設けても弾性過程には対処できないという問題が解消され、弾性過程及び非弾性過程の両方に適用し得る。
内部領域ω及び領域αとしては、図2Aに示す円形に限らず、図2Bに示す四角形を含む多角形その他の異形も含まれる。
なお、このとき、第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端と第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端とは、測定光の受光効率を高めるために極力近接して配置するのが好ましい。
(構成条件2)
第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端1a及び第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端2aを設置可能な内部領域ωの集光レンズ系の光軸(原点O)を中心軸とする直径をプローブ有効内径D(但し、D<2d1+d2)とする。
集光レンズ系の光軸(原点O)を中心として第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端1aの中心軸(P1)と対称の位置にある軸(-P1)と、第2の光ファイバ系2の受光端の中心軸2Xとの距離d3が、(d1+d2)/2<d3<D-(d1+d2)/2の関係を満たすように、第1の光ファイバ系、第2の光ファイバ系及び集光レンズ系を配置する。
この条件式のうち「d3<D-(d1+d2)/2」は、次の理由による。
図4に示すように、直径Dの内部領域ωに第1の光ファイバ系1と第2の光ファイバ系2を最大限離して配置する場合を考える。第1の光ファイバ系1が直径d1、第2の光ファイバ系2が直径d2であるから、第1の光ファイバ系1の中心P1と第2の光ファイバ系2の中心P2との距離はD-(d1+d2)/2である。
したがって、距離d3は距離D-(d1+d2)/2を以上になることは無く、これを上限としたものである。
これを実現するために、第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端1a及び第2の光ファイバ系の受光端2aと、これに対向する集光レンズ3の第1の面3aとの距離を、集光レンズ3の焦点距離の等倍から1.4倍の範囲に設定し、集光レンズ3の第1の面3aの曲率半径r1と、第1の面3aに相対する第2の面3bの曲率半径r2の比r1/r2を-0.05から0.05の範囲に設定する。
以下に、上記の構成条件1,2によって、狭いプローブ有効内径においても、第2の光ファイバ系2を、集光レンズ3からの反射光から避けさせるとともに、測定対象からの測定光を効率的に第2の光ファイバ系2に受光させることができることを実施例により示す。以下に示す具体的な数値は、説明のために設定した値であり、本発明の構成を限定するものではない。また、以下の実施例では円筒状のプローブの場合を考えているが、プローブは図5に示すように多角形(図5A)、D字型形(図5B)、切り欠きを有する円形(図5C)や多角形の断面形状でもよい。
d1=0.22 mm
d2=0.22 mm
D=0.6 mm
P1=(0.11, y1)
集光レンズ3の硝材の屈折率nd=1.51633、νd=64.1
集光レンズ3の第1の面の曲率半径r1 =0.83 mm、第2の面3bは平面
集光レンズ3と第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端との距離 1.57 mm
図7Aに示すように受光効率はy1に依らずおおよそ一定となっている。しかし、図7Bに示すようにレンズ反射光量は、y1が増加するにつれて減少し、y1がおよそ0.1以上ではほぼ0となる。y1が0.1のとき、第2の光ファイバ系2の中心P2は(-0.11, 0.1)であり、構成条件1の領域γの中心は(-0.11, -0.1)である。従って、両者の距離は0.2であり、これは構成条件2の下限値(d1+d2)/2=0.22とおおよそ一致する。
d1=0.22 mm
d2=0.22 mm
D=0.6 mm
P1=(0.19, 0)
-P1=(-0.19, 0)
集光レンズの硝材の屈折率nd=1.51633、νd=64.1
集光レンズ3の第1の面の曲率半径r1 =0.83 mm、第2の面3bは平面
集光レンズ3と第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端との距離 1.57 mm
図10Aに示すように受光効率は距離に依らずにおおよそ一定であるのに対して、図10Bに示すようにレンズ反射光量は距離が0.22の前後で大きく変化する。これは実施例1と同様に、構成条件2の下限値(d1+d2)/2=0.22とおおよそ一致する。
また、構成条件1で示した領域δに第2の光ファイバ系2の中心P2がある場合(図7のA4,A5,A6)には、レンズ反射光量が小さいことが確認される。
実施例3において、構成条件1に従った領域を画定する図を描くと図11のとおりとなる。図11のハッチング領域の拡大図を図12に示した。図12中に表示した数値は、その数値を表示した位置に第2の光ファイバ系2の中心P2を設置した場合に第2の光ファイバ系2が受光するレンズ反射光量を示している。但し、表示の簡単のために10000倍した数値を表示している。
図12に示すように領域γ内では、レンズ反射光量が4以上であるのに対して、領域δ内では2以下となっており、構成条件1で示した領域δの全域に渡ってレンズ反射光が低くなっていることがわかった。
以下、光ファイバ系の位置に関する説明は、特筆しない限り、第1の光ファイバ1の出射端1aを含み、第1の光ファイバ系1に垂直な平面内を対象とする。また、この平面を出射平面と呼ぶ。
第1の光ファイバ系1から出射された光は、集光レンズ3の両面で一部が反射する。まずは、説明の簡単のために、光ファイバ系1,2から見て手前の面が凸面、奥の面が平面の平凸レンズの場合ついて述べる。凸面で反射された光は、拡散しながら第1および第2の光ファイバ系1,2に向かって進む。これは、拡散しながら伝播するため、光エネルギー密度は小さい。平面で反射された光は、第1の光ファイバ系1の周辺に集光するように伝播する。第1の光ファイバ系1の中心が光軸からずれて配置されている場合、平面からの反射光は、第1の光ファイバ系1とは逆の方向におおよそ同程度だけ(光軸に対しておおよそ点対称な位置に)ずれる。従って、集光レンズ平面からの反射光は、出射平面上では、-P1の位置を中心として分布する。また、集光レンズ平面からの反射光の分布の出射平面上での大きさは、幾何光学な考察から、第1の光ファイバ系1の大きさ以上であると考えられ、その直径の最小値をd1と近似することが可能である。以上が、領域γを画定する理由である。
領域βは、第1の光ファイバ系1の周りに第2の光ファイバ系2を配置するための条件であり、P1とP2は両光ファイバ系1,2の半径分だけ離して設置する必要があることに対応しており、d1とd2のみから決まる。
以上のように領域γのみが光学的な条件から導かれる。領域γの外側に第2の光ファイバ系2の中心がある条件は、構成条件2として述べたように、座標〈-P1〉と座標P2との距離をd3と両光ファイバ系1,2の直径d1とd2を用いて、(d1+d2)/2<d3と表される。
以上に加えて、測定対象からの測定光を効率的に第2の光ファイバ系2に受光させるために、第1と第2の光ファイバ系1,2は、極力接するように配置するのが好ましい。
これを実現するために、第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端1a及び第2の光ファイバ系の受光端2aと、これに対向する集光レンズ3の第1の面3aとの距離を、集光レンズ3の焦点距離の1から1.4倍の範囲に設定し、集光レンズ3の第1の面3aの曲率半径r1と、第1の面3aに相対する第2の面3bの曲率半径r2の比r1/r2を-0.05から0.05の範囲に設定する。
ここまでに述べたように、プローブを構成条件1又は2に従って構成することで、集光レンズ3からの反射光を、第2の光ファイバ系2が受光しにくくすることが可能である。
しかし、レンズ反射光受光量は、両光ファイバ系1,2の設置位置に対して敏感に変化するため、現実の系においては、その位置誤差を含めてもレンズ反射光受光量が十分抑制されていることが必要である。
光ファイバ系1,2は、誤差を含めても光ファイバ系1,2が構成条件1,2に従った配置内に存在していることが必要である。また、前述の実施例1,2,3からも明らかなように、領域γとの境界付近で、レンズ反射受光量が増大する傾向にある。従って、その境界付近でレンズ反射受光量を低減する構成が、光ファイバ系1,2の位置誤差に対して高い安定性を有する構成であるといえる。このような構成を実現するための手段として、集光レンズの曲率を微調すること、及び光ファイバ系1の出射面と集光レンズ3との距離を微調することの各々の方策が有効である。
実施例4は、以下の構成条件を有する。また、実施例4の断面図を図13に示した。
d1=0.22 mm
d2=0.22 mm
D=0.6 mm
P1=(0.11, 0.105)
P2=(-0.11, 0.105)
集光レンズの硝材の屈折率nd=1.51633、νd=64.1
集光レンズ3の曲率半径の第1の面の曲率半径r1 、第2の面の曲率半径r2(ただし1/r1 + 1/r2 = 1/0.83とし、近軸光学での焦点距離は不変。) -0.05<r1/r2<0.05 (正で両凸)
集光レンズ3と第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端との距離 1.37 ~ 2.12(mm)
以上の条件に従い、r1/r2及び集光レンズ3と第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端との距離を変化させた際の集光レンズ3で反射された反射光が第2の光ファイバ系2に受光される量を図14にグラフにより示す。なお、図14のグラフにおいて、集光レンズ3と第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端との距離は、(集光レンズ3の焦点位置から第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端までの距離)/(焦点距離)により示す。
図14Aにおいて平凸レンズ(-r1/r2=0)の場合について見ると、横軸がおおよそ0.15のときにレンズ反射受光量が極小値を取る。従って、平凸レンズの場合は、光ファイバ系と集光レンズとの距離を、集光レンズの焦点距離の1.15倍とすることで、レンズ反射受光量を極小とすることが可能である。またこれにより、光ファイバ系と集光レンズとの距離の誤差や変動に対して光学性能が変化しにくい光学系の構築が可能となる。また、極小値を取る位置は、レンズの曲率によってシフトすることがわかる。
(集光レンズ3の焦点位置から第1の光ファイバ系1の出射端までの距離)/(焦点距離)の値が0.15のときには、-r1/r2が0.000付近で極小値を取ることがわかる。また、極小値を取る曲率は、レンズ3とファイバ1との距離によって変化する。
これらレンズ反射受光量が極小になる配置で光学系を構成することで、単にレンズ反射受光量を低減できるだけでなく、少なくともレンズ形状と、レンズとファイバの相対距離に対する誤差に対して、レンズ反射光量の増大の抑制が図られる。
上記実施形態から明らかなように、集光レンズ及び光ファイバ系の配置に当たっては、構成条件1、2を考慮して配置を決めるステップに続き、製品の仕様上許容される範囲で、集光レンズの曲率半径比や光ファイバ系と集光レンズとの距離を微調整するステップを経ることにより、集光レンズからの反射光の影響が十分に低減されたプローブを作製することができる。
1a 出射端
1X 中心軸
2 第2の光ファイバ系
2a 受光端
2X 中心軸
3 集光レンズ
3a 第1の面(凸面)
3b 第2の面(略平面)
3X 光軸
4 ファイバ保持部材
5 プローブ外皮
10 プローブ
11 先端面
20 生体組織表面
Claims (10)
- 生体組織の測定対象部位に照射光を照射して、測定対象部位から放射される測定光を受光するための光学系を備えて当該測定光を測定するためのプローブであって、
その先端に前記光学系として、前記照射光を導光する照射導光路を構成する第1の光ファイバ系と、前記測定光を導光する受光導光路を構成する第2の光ファイバ系と、前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端に対向して前記照射光が照射されかつ前記測定光を集光する集光レンズ系とを有し、
前記第1及び第2の光ファイバ系はそれぞれ1本の光ファイバ又は複数本の光ファイバの束から構成され、
前記集光レンズ系は1個又は複数個のレンズから構成され、
前記集光レンズ系の光軸と、前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸とが、これら3つの軸のうち2つを通る直線が残りの1つを通らない条件で配置されてなるプローブ。 - 前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端における当該第1の光ファイバ系の外接円の直径をd1とし、
前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端における当該第2の光ファイバ系の外接円の直径をd2としたとき、
前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端が、前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心軸とする直径2d1+d2未満の領域に設置された請求項1に記載のプローブ。 - 前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端を設置可能な内部領域の外周から内部に距離d2/2以上離れた領域を、領域αとし、
前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域βとし、
前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心として前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と対称の位置にある軸を中心軸とする直径d1+d2未満の領域を、領域γとしたとき、
領域αのうち、領域β及び領域γを含まない領域に、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸が配置された請求項2に記載のプローブ。 - 前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端を設置可能な内部領域の前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心軸とする直径をプローブ有効内径D(但し、D<2d1+d2)とし、
前記集光レンズ系の光軸を中心として前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端の中心軸と対称の位置にある軸と、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端の中心軸との距離d3が、(d1+d2)/2<d3<D-(d1+d2)/2の関係を満たすように、前記第1の光ファイバ系、前記第2の光ファイバ系及び前記集光レンズ系が配置された請求項2に記載のプローブ。 - 前記第1の光ファイバ系と前記第2の光ファイバ系とが互いに外周の少なくとも一部を接触させて配置された請求項1から請求項4のうちいずれか一に記載のプローブ。
- 前記第1の光ファイバ系と前記第2の光ファイバ系とが互いに離間して配置された請求項1から請求項4のうちいずれか一に記載のプローブ。
- 前記第1及び第2の光ファイバ系のうち少なくとも一方が複数本の光ファイバの束で構成されており、複数本の光ファイバの束で構成される一方の光ファイバ系の外接円内に、他方の光ファイバ系の外周の一部が位置する請求項5又は請求項6に記載のプローブ。
- 前記第1及び第2の光ファイバ系のうち少なくとも一方が複数本の光ファイバの束で構成されており、複数本の光ファイバの束で構成される一方の光ファイバ系の外接円内には、他方の光ファイバ系の外周が位置していない請求項5又は請求項6に記載のプローブ。
- 前記第1の光ファイバ系の出射端及び前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端と、前記集光レンズ系を構成するレンズであって最も前記第2の光ファイバ系側のレンズの、前記第2の光ファイバ系の受光端側の第1の面との距離が、前記集光レンズの焦点距離の等倍から1.4倍の範囲にある請求項3から請求項8のうちいずれか一に記載のプローブ。
- 前記集光レンズの前記第1の面の曲率半径r1と、前記第1の面に相対する第2の面の曲率半径r2の比r1/r2が-0.05から0.05の範囲にある請求項3から請求項9のうちいずれか一に記載のプローブ。
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| JPS56158304A (en) * | 1980-05-10 | 1981-12-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Image fiber with light guide |
| JPS60205414A (ja) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-17 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 高倍率内視鏡用照明光学系 |
| JP2010088665A (ja) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-22 | Olympus Corp | 内視鏡 |
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| JPS56158304A (en) * | 1980-05-10 | 1981-12-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Image fiber with light guide |
| JPS60205414A (ja) * | 1984-03-29 | 1985-10-17 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 高倍率内視鏡用照明光学系 |
| JP2010088665A (ja) * | 2008-10-08 | 2010-04-22 | Olympus Corp | 内視鏡 |
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