WO2012146156A1 - 一种单光子计数成像系统及其方法 - Google Patents
一种单光子计数成像系统及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012146156A1 WO2012146156A1 PCT/CN2012/074533 CN2012074533W WO2012146156A1 WO 2012146156 A1 WO2012146156 A1 WO 2012146156A1 CN 2012074533 W CN2012074533 W CN 2012074533W WO 2012146156 A1 WO2012146156 A1 WO 2012146156A1
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- Prior art keywords
- single photon
- lens
- control system
- photon
- dmd control
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000018 DNA microarray Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005415 bioluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029918 bioluminescence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001215 fluorescent labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000504 luminescence detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/02—Details
- G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
- G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
- G01J1/0414—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or plane beam-splitters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
- G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
- G01J1/44—Electric circuits
- G01J2001/4413—Type
- G01J2001/442—Single-photon detection or photon counting
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of extremely weak light detection, in particular to a single photon counting imaging system and a method thereof, which adopts a compression sensing theory and a DLP technology, and can realize a high quality two-dimensional image of a very weak light object by using a point detector.
- Imaging. Background technique
- a general imaging apparatus obtains an image by recording the light intensity and position of a point on the observation object.
- the light intensity of the observed object is attenuated to a certain extent and reaches the single photon level, it becomes a discrete pulse signal.
- a single photon is a very weak light that is considered to be the smallest unit of energy that is indivisible to light and is the limit that can be detected.
- Single photon detection technology plays an important role in the fields of bio-luminescence, medical diagnosis, non-destructive substance analysis, astronomical observation, spectrometry, and quantum optics. It is very meaningful to study the application of extremely low light imaging detection technology in these fields.
- Photon counting imaging is a kind of extremely weak light detection technology. Usually, it records and accumulates the photon count at the imaging position and accumulates the photon at the data processing end to obtain an image.
- the core is the surface detector.
- the size of the detector (array size), the sensitivity range, and the response band directly affect the quality of image acquisition at a single photon level.
- the bin detector used for single photon detection level is not only expensive, but can be realized in a few bands, and the sensitivity of the bin detector is low, and there is a strong demand for two-dimensional imaging with less mature technology and extremely weak light objects. Contradictions between.
- CS theory Compressed sensing theory
- the CS theory consists of two parts: compressed sampling and sparse reconstruction.
- Compressed sampling is the process of mapping a measured signal from a high dimension to a low dimension.
- the hypothesis is the measured data, ⁇ is the observed data, eR ix "is the random projection matrix ( ⁇ "), and ee ⁇ is the measurement noise.
- the compressed sampling process can be described as (1):
- the random projection matrix ⁇ also called the measurement matrix, needs to satisfy RIP (Restricted Isometry Property):
- ⁇ is not related to ⁇ , the smaller the number of measurements required for sampling, so ⁇ is generally designed as a random matrix.
- the first term is the least squares constraint, denoted as ( ⁇ ; the second term is a constraint on sparsity; the sum of the two is the objective function, denoted as ⁇ .
- DLP technology is a technology proposed by Texas Instruments (TI). It combines with digital video or graphic signals. Its micromirror and lens system can reflect digital images onto a screen or other surface.
- the core of the DLP chip is the DLP chip.
- Digital Micro-mirror Device (DMD Control System), which is currently the world's most sophisticated optical switch. It contains a matrix of up to 2 million micromirrors mounted on hinges. Each micromirror is less than one-fifth the size of a human hair, and each micromirror can be within a certain angular range (usually -12 ° and +12°) wobble.
- the pulse width modulated wave (PWM) is used to drive the micromirror to make high-speed jitter between 0 and 1, which can be achieved in the middle. status.
- PWM pulse width modulated wave
- the DMD control system and its associated sophisticated electronic components are the so-called DLP technology, which has mature products and is widely used in projection instruments and other products.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a single photon counting imaging system and method thereof, in order to solve the contradiction between the low sensitivity of the panel detector, the immature technology and the strong demand for two-dimensional imaging of extremely weak light objects.
- DLP technology is used to randomly change image signals into random light intensity signals, and then a single photon counter is used as a detecting component to obtain a counting signal.
- the present invention provides a single photon counting imaging system, wherein the single photon counting imaging system adopts a compression sensing theory and a DLP technique, and uses a single photon counter as a detecting component to realize a single photon.
- Two-dimensional imaging of a level of very weak light object the single photon counting imaging system comprising: a filter, a first lens 1, a DMD control system, a second lens 2, a single photon counter, and a data processing unit;
- the DMD combines the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 for converting the two-dimensional image data into a one-dimensional data sequence to complete the compressed sampling of the measured signal, and the extremely weak light filtering the stray light through the filter, through the first lens 1 imaging at the DMD control system, and controlling the probability that photons are reflected to the second lens 2 by the DMD control system, controlling photon focusing via the second lens 2;
- the data processing unit combines the single photon counter to perform the sparse reconstruction, and the data processing unit converts the photon according to the probability that the photon is detected into a measured value according to the single photon counter for a certain period of time, and the measurement matrix of the DMD control system is optimized. Reconstruct the photon density image and solve the 2D image.
- the second lens 2 is focused to an optical path of the single photon counter and is provided with an optical attenuator for attenuating the light to the working range of the single photon detector.
- the optical attenuator is designed to prevent saturation of the measured photon density and excessive gate time of the single photon counter.
- the present invention also provides a single photon counting imaging method, which adopts a compression sensing theory and a DLP technique, and uses a single photon counter as a detecting component to realize a single photon level.
- Two-dimensional imaging of extremely weak light objects the steps of which include:
- the compressed sampling is performed by the DMD control system combining the first lens 1 and the second lens 2 for converting the two-dimensional image data into a one-dimensional data sequence to complete the compressed sampling of the measured signal.
- the very weak light filters out the stray light through the filter is imaged by the first lens 1 at the DMD control system, and is controlled by the DMD control system to control the probability that the photon is reflected to the second lens 2, and the photon is controlled by the second lens 2;
- the sparse reconstruction is performed by the data processing unit according to the probability that the photon is counted into a photon number according to a single photon counter for a certain period of time, and the measurement matrix on the DMD control system is used to reconstruct the photon density image by an optimization algorithm. , solve the two-dimensional image.
- the method includes the following steps:
- the compressed sampling is a process in which the measured signal is mapped from a high dimension to a low dimension:
- ⁇ is a wavelet transform matrix and ⁇ is a Gaussian random matrix
- the inner product value of the array corresponding to an elemental expression of the observation vector y in (1), ", ⁇ ' are the 'th' elements of ⁇ ' and respectively; change the DMD control system according to the measurement matrix, repeat the measurement, The entire observation data y can be obtained;
- the method attenuates the light to the working range of the single photon detector by the optical attenuator after the second lens 2 is focused to the optical path of the single photon counter.
- the invention has the advantages that: the invention adopts the Compressive Sensing (CS) and the Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology to solve the imaging problem of using the point detector to achieve high detection sensitivity. Its sensitivity can reach single photon level, the resolution is directly related to the DMD control system, and the DMD control system can achieve high resolution.
- the invention can be widely applied in the fields of biological self-luminescence detection, medical diagnosis, non-destructive substance analysis, astronomical observation, defense military, spectrometry, quantum electronics and the like.
- the invention is based on the Compressive Sensing (CS) theory, adopts a single photon point detector as a detecting component, and realizes two-dimensional imaging of extremely weak light by a single photon counter, and has a simple structure and a sensitivity to a single photon level.
- the resolution is directly related to the DMD control system, and the DMD control system can achieve high resolution at present, which solves the current low sensitivity of the focal plane sensor in the field, the array size is small, the detection wavelength range is relatively single and the extremely weak light object is two-dimensional.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a single photon counting imaging system of the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a simulation experiment result of the present invention
- Figure 2 (a) is the original photon density image
- Figure 2 (b) is a random matrix on the DMD control system in one measurement, black dots represent 0, white dots represent 1, gray dots Represents the intermediate value
- Figure 2 (d) is the residual image of the IWT algorithm.
- the extremely weak light emitted by the observation object is filtered by the filter to remove the stray light, and is imaged by the first lens 1 at the DMD control system, and the DMD control system controls the probability that the photon is reflected to the second lens 2, Passing the second lens 2 controls the photon convergence point.
- the function of the optical attenuator is to attenuate the light to the working range of the single photon detector when the light is too strong.
- the photon is counted by the single photon counter for a certain period of time, and the value can be converted into the detected photon. The probability of the number is taken as the measured value.
- the photon density image is reconstructed by the data processing unit according to the measured value and the measurement matrix on the DMD control system through an optimization algorithm.
- the optical attenuator is designed to prevent saturation of the measured photon density and the single gate time of the single photon counter.
- the columns of the two-dimensional image are connected end to end, and are converted into "one-dimensional column vector of xl , where each element in (1) represents the photon density at the corresponding position; the DMD control system has the same resolution, its The columns are connected end to end and form a one-dimensional row vector of lx ", corresponding to a row in the measurement matrix ⁇ , wherein each element represents the probability of photons being transmitted to the second lens 2 at the corresponding position.
- the probability p(r> is proportional to the intensity of light at a point in a meta area ⁇ at any time.
- Biochips are typically very weak light sources and are currently easily observed by fluorescent labeling. In fact, organisms have self-luminous properties, and the self-luminous spectrum contains a lot of important information. It can be directly observed using photon counting imaging technology. In the experiment, a biochip image with a resolution of 64x64 was selected, and the gray scale was 256 levels, and the highest gray level corresponds to the number of photons being O x 102 - 1 . Under the assumption that the original image is not known, the Gaussian matrix is used for compression sampling, and the IWT sparse reconstruction algorithm is used for image reconstruction, and the results shown in Fig.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/000,421 US8723130B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-23 | Single photon-counting imaging system and method thereof |
JP2014506741A JP6211512B2 (ja) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-23 | 単一光子計数イメージングシステム及び方法 |
EP12776896.8A EP2685227B1 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-23 | Single photon-counting imaging system and method thereof |
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CN201110103559.3 | 2011-04-25 | ||
CN201110103559.3A CN102759408B (zh) | 2011-04-25 | 2011-04-25 | 一种单光子计数成像系统及其方法 |
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WO2012146156A1 true WO2012146156A1 (zh) | 2012-11-01 |
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PCT/CN2012/074533 WO2012146156A1 (zh) | 2011-04-25 | 2012-04-23 | 一种单光子计数成像系统及其方法 |
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Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8723130B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2685227B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6211512B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN102759408B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012146156A1 (zh) |
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CN114486746A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | 基于压缩感知的高分辨率光子集成成像系统及成像方法 |
CN115442505A (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-06 | 山西大学 | 一种单光子压缩感知成像系统及其方法 |
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CN112957011B (zh) * | 2021-02-01 | 2022-06-24 | 西安电子科技大学 | 高灵敏度微弱荧光信号探测系统、方法、存储介质及应用 |
CN114486746A (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-05-13 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | 基于压缩感知的高分辨率光子集成成像系统及成像方法 |
CN114486746B (zh) * | 2021-11-25 | 2023-12-08 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | 基于压缩感知的高分辨率光子集成成像系统及成像方法 |
CN115442505A (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2022-12-06 | 山西大学 | 一种单光子压缩感知成像系统及其方法 |
CN115442505B (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-21 | 山西大学 | 一种单光子压缩感知成像系统及其方法 |
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CN102759408A (zh) | 2012-10-31 |
EP2685227A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
US8723130B2 (en) | 2014-05-13 |
EP2685227B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
EP2685227A4 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
JP2014512540A (ja) | 2014-05-22 |
CN102759408B (zh) | 2015-04-15 |
JP6211512B2 (ja) | 2017-10-11 |
US20130341487A1 (en) | 2013-12-26 |
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