WO2012141152A1 - 溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法、溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置、溶融ガラスの製造方法、溶融ガラスの製造装置、ガラス製品の製造方法、およびガラス製品の製造装置 - Google Patents
溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法、溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置、溶融ガラスの製造方法、溶融ガラスの製造装置、ガラス製品の製造方法、およびガラス製品の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- Prior art keywords
- glass
- molten glass
- vacuum degassing
- vacuum
- molten
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- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 244
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 197
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
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- 239000005368 silicate glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- -1 SO 3 concentration Substances 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B25/00—Annealing glass products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
- C03B5/2252—Refining under reduced pressure, e.g. with vacuum refiners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a molten glass vacuum degassing method, a molten glass vacuum degassing apparatus, a molten glass manufacturing method, a molten glass manufacturing apparatus, a glass product manufacturing method, and a glass product manufacturing apparatus.
- a clarification process for removing bubbles generated in the molten glass is performed before the molten glass obtained by melting the glass raw material in the melting tank is formed by a molding apparatus.
- a clarifier such as bow glass (Na 2 SO 4 ) is preliminarily prepared in the raw material, and the molten glass obtained by melting the raw material is stored and maintained at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time.
- a method is known in which bubbles in a molten glass are grown and floated to remove them.
- the gas components that greatly contribute to bubble growth in the vacuum degassing step are H 2 O gas generated from moisture in the molten glass and SO 2 gas generated by decomposition of SO 3 dissolved in the molten glass. Therefore, the applicant first reduces the pressure in the vacuum defoaming tank to be lower than the bubble growth starting pressure derived from the water concentration ( ⁇ -OH value) in glass, SO 3 concentration, and molten glass temperature. Thus, it is disclosed that bubbles in the molten glass can be effectively removed (see Patent Document 1). In molten glass after melting or clarification, it is known that bubbles are generated at the interface between platinum or brick as a structure and molten glass (see Patent Document 2). Patent Document 2 discloses that the bubble generation can be suppressed by defining the content ratio of SO 3 in the molten glass within a predetermined range.
- the pressure in the vacuum degassing tank should be as low as possible to grow the bubbles so as to increase the ascent rate.
- the pressure in the vacuum degassing tank is as low as possible, there are cases where bubbles in the glass product cannot be removed satisfactorily.
- patent document 2 has description about a bubble, there is no description about the relationship with a pressure reduction degassing process.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum degassing method and a vacuum degassing apparatus excellent in the effect of vacuum degassing of molten glass.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a molten glass using the above-described reduced-pressure defoaming method, a method for producing a glass product, a molten glass producing apparatus using the above-described reduced-pressure defoaming device, and a glass product producing apparatus.
- reboil bubbles bubbles generated in such a vacuum degassing tank
- this phenomenon is referred to as reboil.
- the reboils and reboiling bubbles that are commonly used are identified as to the cause and location of their occurrence, specifically from the volume of the molten glass or from the interface between the molten glass and the furnace material.
- the present inventors have studied a vacuum degassing method that can suppress the generation of new bubbles due to reboil while effectively removing bubbles in the molten glass.
- suppressing the occurrence of reboiling bubbles factors not just at a ratio of SO 3 contained in the molten glass, in supersaturation in the SO 2 gas SO 3 occurs decomposed in a reduced pressure atmosphere contained in the molten glass.
- the present invention is a method for defoaming molten glass by melting a glass raw material to be silicate glass and flowing the molten glass through a glass flow path of a vacuum degassing tank whose inside is maintained in a reduced pressure state.
- the vacuum degassing method of the molten glass which implements vacuum degassing on the conditions which satisfy
- SS pSO 2 / P abs ⁇ 2.0 (1)
- SS is the degree of supersaturation of SO 2 in the molten glass
- pSO 2 is the partial pressure (Pa) of SO 2 in the molten glass
- P abs is the pressure at the bottom of the glass flow path of the vacuum degassing tank ( Pa).
- the silicate glass preferably has a composition of SiO 2 ⁇ 50 mol% and (alkali component oxide + alkaline earth component oxide) ⁇ 10 mol%.
- the alkali component oxide represents Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O.
- the alkaline earth component oxide represents MgO, CaO, BaO, and SrO.
- the above formula (1) is applied to the entire length L in the horizontal direction of the glass flow channel of the vacuum degassing tank in the range of L / 2 from the downstream end of the glass flow channel. It is preferable to carry out vacuum degassing under the conditions satisfying the above.
- the glass raw material to be the silicate glass preferably contains a refining agent containing S (sulfur) element.
- the present invention provides a vacuum housing that is vacuum-sucked to reduce the pressure inside, and a vacuum degassing for vacuum degassing of molten glass that is provided in the vacuum housing and melts a glass raw material that becomes silicate glass.
- a vacuum degassing apparatus comprising a foam tank, a supply mechanism for supplying molten glass to the vacuum degassing tank, and a delivery mechanism for sending the molten glass after defoaming to the next step,
- pSO 2 is the partial pressure of SO 2 in the molten glass (Pa)
- P G is a reduced pressure atmosphere pressure degassing vessel (Pa)
- ⁇ is the molten glass density (kg / m 3)
- g is a gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 ).
- the formula (2 It is preferable that the depth De is set so as to satisfy.
- an inclined portion is formed on the downstream side of the glass flow path, and the depth of the molten glass increases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the glass flow path. You may set so that it may become deep gradually.
- the supply mechanism is a riser pipe provided below the upstream side of the vacuum degassing tank, and the delivery mechanism is positioned below the downstream side of the vacuum degassing tank.
- a provided downcomer is preferred.
- the present invention provides a method for producing molten glass, comprising a step of defoaming molten glass by the vacuum degassing method for molten glass, and a melting step of melting a glass raw material before the step of defoaming. .
- the present invention also provides a molten glass manufacturing process according to the molten glass manufacturing method, a molding process of forming the molten glass on the downstream side of the molten glass manufacturing process, and slow cooling of the glass after molding. And a method for producing a glass product comprising the steps.
- the present invention provides a molten glass production apparatus comprising the above-mentioned vacuum degassing apparatus, and a melting means for producing a molten glass by melting a glass raw material provided upstream of the vacuum degassing apparatus.
- the present invention provides a manufacturing apparatus for the molten glass, a forming means for forming the molten glass provided on the downstream side of the manufacturing apparatus for the molten glass, and a slow cooling means for gradually cooling the glass after forming.
- An apparatus for producing a glass product comprising:
- the vacuum degassing method for molten glass according to the present invention by carrying out vacuum degassing under the condition satisfying the formula (1), it is possible to suppress the occurrence of reboil near the bottom of the vacuum degassing tank due to excessive pressure reduction. Therefore, reboiling bubbles do not remain in the molten glass, and the quality of the manufactured molten glass and glass product can be improved. Further, in the vacuum degassing method for molten glass according to the present invention, even if SO 3 that is a fining agent is contained, the generation of reboil bubbles due to SO 2 generated by the decomposition of SO 3 can be suppressed. Therefore, while maintaining the clarification effect due to the addition of SO 3 , the generation of reboil bubbles can be suppressed and effective degassing under reduced pressure can be achieved.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass of the present invention By setting the vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass of the present invention to satisfy the above formula (2), the occurrence of reboiling can be suppressed. Moreover, in the vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass according to the present invention, the molten glass flowing at least downstream of the glass flow path in the vacuum degassing tank is set to a depth that satisfies the formula (2), thereby providing a downstream region. It is possible to prevent reboil bubbles from being generated and air bubbles from being mixed into the glass product. In this case, even if the depth of the glass path on the upstream side is shallower than the downstream side satisfying the above formula (2), the reboil bubbles generated on the upstream side float up before reaching the downstream side. As a result, the reboiled foam is not mixed into the glass product.
- the manufacturing method of the molten glass of this invention can implement
- the manufacturing method of the glass product of this invention can provide a high quality glass product by using the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned molten glass.
- the apparatus for manufacturing molten glass and the apparatus for manufacturing glass products of the present invention can provide high-quality molten glass and glass products by using the above-mentioned vacuum degassing apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of a vacuum degassing apparatus according to the present invention.
- pO 2 of molten glass of various silicate glass is a diagram showing the relationship between the dissolved form of S and Fe. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 2nd Embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 3rd Embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows typically 4th Embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process of the manufacturing method of the molten glass which concerns on this invention.
- FIG. 3 is a graph plotting the relationship between the SO 2 supersaturation degree SS and the reboil frequency for each molten glass of Example 1.
- FIG. Each molten glass of Example 2 is a graph plotting the relationship between the H 2 O supersaturation degree SH and reboil frequency.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of a vacuum degassing apparatus for molten glass used in the vacuum degassing method of the present invention.
- a vacuum degassing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 is an apparatus used for a process of degassing the molten glass G supplied from the melting tank 1 and continuously supplying it to a molding apparatus 200 in a subsequent step.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 includes a metal, for example, stainless steel, vacuum housing 2 that can maintain the interior of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 in a vacuum state during use.
- a decompression defoaming tank 3 is accommodated and disposed so that its long axis is oriented in the horizontal direction.
- the vacuum degassing tank 3 is a horizontally long box-shaped tank composed of a bottom wall 3a, a peripheral wall 3b, and a ceiling wall 3c.
- the internal pressure of the vacuum degassing tank 3 is set to be less than atmospheric pressure, and the bubbles in the supplied molten glass G are floated and broken.
- a riser pipe 5 as a supply mechanism oriented in the vertical direction is connected to the lower surface on one end side of the vacuum degassing tank 3 via an inlet 3d, and a lowering as a delivery mechanism oriented in the vertical direction on the lower surface on the other end side.
- the pipe 6 is connected through the outlet 3e.
- the ascending pipe 5 and the descending pipe 6 are arranged so as to be able to communicate with each other through an inlet 2a or an outlet 2b formed on the bottom side of the decompression housing 2.
- a heat insulating material 4 such as a heat insulating brick is provided around the decompression defoaming tank 3, the riser pipe 5 and the downcomer pipe 6 to insulate them.
- the vacuum degassing tank 3 the rising pipe 5 and the descending pipe 6 are made of a ceramic non-metallic inorganic material which is a material excellent in heat resistance and corrosion resistance against molten glass, or platinum or platinum.
- the structure is made of an alloy or a combination of these hollow tubes.
- the vacuum degassing tank 3 is a ceramic-based nonmetallic inorganic material
- the vacuum degassing tank 3 is made of, for example, refractory brick having an outer shape of a rectangular cross section, and the internal shape forming the flow path of the molten glass has a rectangular cross section. It is preferable.
- the internal cross-sectional shape forming the flow path of the molten glass in the vacuum degassing tank 3 is preferably circular or elliptical.
- Examples of the material of the vacuum degassing tank 3, the rising pipe 5 and the down pipe 6 include reinforced platinum made of metal oxide dispersed in addition to platinum or a platinum alloy.
- Examples of the metal oxide to be dispersed include a group 3, 4, or 13 metal oxide represented by Al 2 O 3 or ZrO 2 or Y 2 O 3 in the long periodic table.
- a dense refractory can be mentioned. Alternatively, it may be a dense refractory lined with platinum or a platinum alloy.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 in the case of a large apparatus that achieves a processing capacity of 200 tons / day or more, or a processing capacity of 500 tons / day or more, the vacuum degassing is performed by using a refractory brick such as an electroformed brick. It is preferable that the tank 3 is configured.
- the ascending pipe 5 introduces the molten glass G from the melting tank 1 into the vacuum degassing tank 3.
- the lower end 5 a of the rising pipe 5 is fitted from the opening end of the upstream pit 12 connected to the melting tank 1 via the conduit 11 and is immersed in the molten glass G in the upstream pit 12.
- the downcomer 6 guides the molten glass G after degassing to the next treatment tank (not shown).
- the lower end 6 a of the downcomer pipe 6 is fitted into the opening end of the downstream pit 13 and is immersed in the molten glass G in the downstream pit 13.
- a molding apparatus 200 is connected to the downstream side of the downstream pit 13.
- the ascending pipe 5 constitutes a supply mechanism for supplying molten glass to the vacuum degassing tank, and the downcomer 6 is defoamed in the vacuum degassing tank.
- a molten glass delivery mechanism for sending the subsequent molten glass to the next step is configured.
- the glass flow path 3R refers to the part which makes the flow path of the molten glass G in the vacuum degassing tank 3.
- the glass flow path 3 ⁇ / b> R is the entire region where the molten glass G that has entered the vacuum degassing tank 3 from the ascending pipe 5 flows to the descending pipe 6. Show.
- the total length of the glass flow path 3 ⁇ / b> R is equal to the total length of the internal space of the vacuum degassing tank 3.
- upstream and downstream mean upstream and downstream in the flow direction of the molten glass G flowing through the glass flow path 3R of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100.
- the molten glass G supplied from the melting tank 1 is passed through the glass flow path 3R in the vacuum degassing tank 3 that has been depressurized to a predetermined degree of vacuum to perform vacuum degassing. It is preferable that the molten glass G is continuously supplied to the vacuum degassing tank 3 and continuously discharged from the vacuum degassing tank 3.
- the molten glass G used in the vacuum degassing method of the present invention is obtained by melting a glass raw material to be a silicate glass.
- the silicate glass is obtained because the chemical durability that can withstand practical use is obtained, and SiO 2 is preferably 50 mol% or more, and because the chemical durability is further improved, 60 mol% or more is more preferable, and 65 mol% or more is more preferable for the purpose of further improving chemical durability.
- the total amount of the alkali component oxide and the alkaline earth component oxide (in this specification, this total amount is expressed as (alkali component oxide + alkaline earth component oxide)) is 10 mol% or more.
- the alkali component oxide represents Li 2 O, Na 2 O, and K 2 O.
- the alkaline earth component oxide represents MgO, CaO, BaO, and SrO. In the silicate glass described above, it is necessary to contain an alkali component oxide and an alkaline earth component oxide, respectively.
- a similar component oxide is contained in a total amount of 10 mol% or more.
- oxides other than those described above can be included in order to obtain desired characteristics according to the application.
- the present invention as architectural glass and automotive glass, is expressed in terms of mass percentage based on oxide, SiO 2 : 65 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, CaO: 5 to 15%, MgO: 0 15%, Na 2 O: 10-20%, K 2 O: 0-3%, Li 2 O: 0-5%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0-3%, TiO 2 : 0-5%, CeO 2 : 0 to 3%, BaO: 0 to 5%, SrO: 0 to 5%, B 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, ZnO: 0 to 5%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 5%, SnO 2 : 0 It can also be applied to glass having a composition of ⁇ 3%, Se: 0-0.1%, CoO: 0-0.1%, Cr 2 O 3 : 0-0.1%.
- the glass for display is expressed in terms of mass percentage based on oxide, SiO 2 : 50 to 72%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 15%, MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO: 4 to 30%, Na 2 O: 010% , K 2 O: 1 to 20%, Li 2 O: 0 to 5%, Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O: 6 to 30%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 20%.
- the glass for hard disks is expressed in terms of mass percentage on the basis of oxide, SiO 2 : 50 to 72%, B 2 O 3 : 0 to 20%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 25%, MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO: 0 -30%, Na 2 O: 0-20%, K 2 O: 0-20%, Li 2 O: 0-20%, Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O: 6-30%, ZrO 2 : 0-20 %, Y 2 O 3 , 0 to 20%, La 2 O 3 : 0 to 20%, and ZnO: 0 to 20%.
- the glass for thin plate subjected to chemical strengthening is expressed in terms of weight percentage based on oxide, SiO 2 : 50 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 20%, MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO: 4 to 30%, Na Glass having a composition of 2 O: 0 to 20%, K 2 O: 0 to 15%, Li 2 O: 0 to 20%, Na 2 O + K 2 O + Li 2 O: 6 to 30%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 20% But it can be applied. All the glasses may contain 5% or less of As 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 3 , MnO, NiO, V 2 O 5 , CuO and the like as additives.
- the glass is composed of Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 10%, TiO 2 : 0 to 10%, CeO 2 : 0 to 10%, CoO 0 to 10%, Cr 2 O 3 : 0 to 10%, Se: 0. Colorants such as ⁇ 1% may be included. More preferably, Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, TiO 2 : 0 to 5%, CeO 2 : 0 to 3%, CoO: 0 to 1%, Cr 2 O 3 : 0 to 1%, Se: Content of colorant such as 0 to 1%.
- the glass raw material used as the silicate glass to which this invention is applied contains the clarifier containing S (sulfur) element.
- the S component of the fining agent can be contained in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5% in terms of SO 3 . If the addition of SO 3 is more than 0.5%, the foam layer in the melting tank 1 may be excessive. Further, if the addition of SO 3 is less than 0.01%, the clarification effect may be insufficient.
- the inventors of the present invention studied a vacuum defoaming method that can effectively suppress the generation of new bubbles due to reboil while effectively removing bubbles in molten glass.
- the buoyant bubbles seen in the downstream region of the vacuum degassing tank are the above-mentioned narrowly reboiling bubbles generated at the interface between the molten glass and the furnace material in the vacuum degassing tank.
- the bow glass which also acts as an oxidizing agent is not added, the molten glass becomes reducible, and the solubility of SO 3 in the molten glass decreases. As a result, SO 3 in the molten glass provided from other than the bow glass is likely to be decomposed, and reboiling of SO 2 gas is likely to occur.
- the present inventors have found that the fraction of SO 2 gas generated by the decomposition of SO 3 even when the molten glass G used in the vacuum degassing vessel contains a sufficient concentration of SO 3 to obtain a clarification action.
- the pressure is lower than the pressure that can be dissolved in the molten glass G, it was found that reboiling by SO 2 gas does not occur, and the present invention was effectively prevented from occurring.
- FIG. 2 summarizes the values of pO 2 in molten glass at 1300 ° C. for various silicate glasses and the chemical species of Fe and S dissolved in the molten glass. From FIG.
- S 2 ⁇ ions are present in amber glass having a strong reducibility of pO 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4.5 kPa, and SO 2 is present in a weakly reducible or oxidizing molten glass of pO 2 > 10 ⁇ 4 kPa. 4 It turns out that it exists as 2- ion.
- the pO 2 at 1300 ° C. of the molten glass G used in the vacuum degassing method of the present invention is the region 10 ⁇ 4 to 10 ⁇ 0.5 kPa indicated by the oblique lines in FIG.
- the state of S in the glass G is SO 4 2- ion.
- the solubility of SO 4 2 ⁇ in the molten glass G is larger as the temperature is lower, and the solubility is higher as pO 2 is higher.
- the decomposition reaction of SO 4 2- ions in the molten glass G is represented by the following formula.
- the SO 4 2 ⁇ concentration that can be dissolved in the molten glass G is pSO 2 , pO 2 , oxygen ion activity aO 2 ⁇ , and K (equilibrium constant) in the molten glass G. It depends on.
- An oxidizing glass substrate having a higher pO 2 has a higher SO 4 2 ⁇ solubility.
- aO 2- corresponds to the basicity of the glass determined by the glass matrix composition.
- a glass composition containing more basic K + and Na + ions has a higher aO 2 ⁇ in the glass structure and a higher SO 4 2 ⁇ solubility.
- SO 4 2 ⁇ ions in the molten glass G are described as SO 3 which is an oxide.
- Expression (3) and Expression (4) can be expressed as the following expressions.
- K ′ is a pseudo-equilibrium constant including the effect of aO 2 ⁇
- pSO 2 is the partial pressure (Pa) of SO 2 in the molten glass G
- pO 2 is the fraction of O 2 in the molten glass G.
- the pressure (Pa) and [SO 3 ] are the concentration (wt%) of SO 3 in the molten glass G.
- pO 2 in the molten glass G at 1200 to 1300 ° C. which is a general temperature of the vacuum degassing tank, is less than 10 ⁇ 0.5 kPa. Small enough than absolute pressure.
- pSO 2 in this temperature range is greater than 10 kPa and may be greater than absolute pressure. Therefore, when paying attention to pSO 2 , the equation (6) can be transformed as the following equation.
- pSO 2 can be determined. Since the change in the SO 3 concentration in the molten glass G before and after passing through the vacuum degassing tank 3 is negligibly small, [SO 3 ] is the fluorescence of the plate-like sample that has cooled the molten glass G after the vacuum degassing. It can be known by X-ray analysis. The measurement of pO 2 in the molten glass G can be performed using a commercially available oxygen sensor for molten glass using a zirconia electrolyte.
- the pO of the molten glass obtained by remelting a plate-like sample cooled with the molten glass G after the vacuum degassing in an experimental furnace under atmospheric pressure. Two measurements can be substituted. During the remelting under the atmospheric pressure, the temperature should not be raised to a temperature at which continuous foaming of SO 3 ⁇ SO 2 + 1 / 2O 2 occurs.
- the pseudo-equilibrium constant K ′ can be obtained by measuring the SO 3 concentration at which pSO 2 and pO 2 are in equilibrium with a known atmosphere. A method for obtaining the pseudo-equilibrium constant K ′ will be described later.
- the SO 2 supersaturation degree SS is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure pSO 2 of the SO 2 gas generated by decomposition of SO 3 in the molten glass G and the absolute pressure P abs in the vacuum degassing tank 3 as follows: Is done.
- the molten glass flowing through the glass flow path 3R of the vacuum degassing tank 3 of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 The depth De (m) of G may be set so as to satisfy the following formula (2).
- pSO 2 is the partial pressure of SO 2 in the molten glass (Pa)
- P G is a reduced pressure atmosphere pressure degassing vessel (Pa)
- ⁇ is the molten glass density (kg / m 3)
- g Is the gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 ).
- the depth De of the molten glass G in the vacuum degassing tank 3 of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 so as to satisfy the expression (2), the occurrence of reboiling can be suppressed.
- the bottom of the glass flow path 3R satisfying the formula (2) that is, the side on the side where the glass flow path 3R is in contact with the bottom wall 3a.
- the bubble growth selected by the type of glass It is preferable to perform degassing under reduced pressure in an atmosphere lower than the starting pressure.
- the molten glass G used in the vacuum degassing method of the present invention may contain moisture.
- the moisture contained in the molten glass G here is a hydroxyl group represented by Si—OH.
- the moisture in the molten glass G is derived from hydroxyl groups in the raw material, moisture adsorbed on the raw material, and water vapor contained in an atmosphere that dissolves the glass.
- Moisture in the molten glass G acts as a clarification component of the glass that increases the bubbles by generating H 2 O gas in the vacuum degassing step and increases the bubble floating speed to facilitate defoaming.
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the degree of supersaturation of H 2 O in molten glass G and the occurrence frequency of reboyl bubbles.
- the H 2 O supersaturation degree SH is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure pH 2 O of the H 2 O gas generated from the moisture in the glass and the absolute pressure P abs in the vacuum degassing vessel 3 as follows:
- FIG. 9 is a graph in which the reboil frequency is plotted against the degree of H 2 O supersaturation in the molten glass G described in detail in Example 2 described later. As is clear from FIG. 9, there was no correlation between the H 2 O supersaturation degree SH in the molten glass G and the occurrence frequency of the reboil bubbles.
- molten glass is added to the glass flow path 3R in the vacuum degassing tank 3 under the conditions satisfying the formula (1) or the formula (2). What is necessary is just to make G flow.
- a vacuum pressure reducing means such as a vacuum pump. Thereby, the air in the vacuum degassing tank 3 accommodated in the vacuum housing 2 is exhausted, and the inside of the vacuum degassing tank 3 is depressurized.
- the average temperature of the molten glass G flowing through the glass flow path 3R in the vacuum degassing tank 3 is preferably 1050 to 1350 ° C.
- the viscosity of the molten glass G at a temperature of 1050 to 1350 ° C. is 20 to 650 Pa ⁇ s.
- each component of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 of this invention can be suitably selected as needed.
- the dimensions of the vacuum degassing tank 3 can be appropriately selected according to the vacuum degassing apparatus to be used regardless of whether the vacuum degassing tank 3 is made of platinum, a platinum alloy, or a dense refractory. . In the case of the vacuum degassing tank 3 shown in FIG. 1, the dimensions are specifically as follows. Horizontal length: 1-20m Inner diameter: 0.2-3m When the vacuum degassing tank 3 is made of platinum or a platinum alloy, the wall thickness is preferably 0.5 to 4 mm.
- the decompression housing 2 is made of metal, for example, stainless steel, and has a shape and dimensions that can accommodate the decompression deaeration tank 3. Regardless of whether the riser pipe 5 and the downfall pipe 6 are made of platinum, a platinum alloy, or a dense refractory, they can be appropriately selected according to the vacuum degassing apparatus to be used. For example, the dimensions of the ascending pipe 5 and the descending pipe 6 are as follows. Inner diameter: 0.05 to 0.8m Length: 0.2-6m When the riser and downcomer are made of platinum or a platinum alloy, the wall thickness is preferably 0.4 to 5 mm.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus of the present invention.
- Vacuum degassing vessel 3B of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the present embodiment the depth De of the molten glass G that flows on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 is, in order to satisfy the equation (2), Glass than the bottom wall 3a 1 of the vacuum degassing vessel 3B located on the upstream side of the flow path 3R 2, the vacuum degassing vessel 3B located on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 bottom wall 3a 2 (vacuum of degassing vessel It is formed to lower the bottom part one step.
- the equation (2) Glass than the bottom wall 3a 1 of the vacuum degassing vessel 3B located on the upstream side of the flow path 3R 2, the vacuum degassing vessel 3B located on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 bottom wall 3a 2 (vacuum of degassing vessel It is formed to lower the bottom part one step.
- the step portion 3 ⁇ / b> D serving as the boundary between the bottom wall 3 a 1 and the bottom wall 3 a 2 is formed at a position slightly closer to the downcomer 6 than the intermediate position between the upcomer 5 and the downcomer 6.
- the formation position of the step portion 3D may be in any position on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2.
- the depth h 1 of the upstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 is set shallower than the downstream side of the depth De.
- the pressure at the bottom 3J 2 of glass flow path 3R 2 on the upstream side only a shallow depth of the molten glass G min is lower than the pressure P abs at the bottom 3R b of glass flow path 3R 2 on the downstream side (i.e., The degree of vacuum increases.) Therefore, in the molten glass G flowing in the glass flow path 3R 2 on the upstream side, there is a possibility that the reboil occurs.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the present embodiment even if reboil occurs in the molten glass G in the depth h 1, until the molten glass G to flow to the downstream side, is reboiled bubbles melt By reaching the surface of the glass G and breaking bubbles, gas can escape and degas. That is, on the upstream side of the vacuum degassing tank 3B, it can be said that it is a region in which all the bubble diameters including the reboil bubbles are positively increased rather than suppressing the generation of reboil.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the present embodiment the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 of the vacuum degassing vessel 3B, by the depth of the molten glass is set to satisfy equation (2), the occurrence of reboiling the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 2 can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the present embodiment, bubbles can be effectively suppressed from remaining in the manufactured molten glass and glass product.
- region depth De of the molten glass G satisfy the equation (2) is rising pipe 5 from the inner surface edge closest peripheral wall 3b to the downcomer 6 which is the downstream end of the glass flow path 3R 2 Is set to a distance l 1 along the direction toward.
- This distance l 1 is preferably L / 2 when the total length L in the horizontal direction of the glass flow path 3R 2 of the vacuum degassing tank 3B (that is, the total length of the vacuum degassing tank 3B).
- the distance l 1 is larger than L / 2. It may be small, and may be determined appropriately according to the reboil generation region.
- each component of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the present embodiment can be selected as appropriate, and can be set, for example, in the same manner as the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 described above.
- the difference between the depth h 1 on the upstream side of the molten glass G and the depth De on the downstream side can be adjusted as appropriate.
- the depth De can also set the order of 1m deeper than the depth h 1.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a third embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus of the present invention.
- Vacuum degassing apparatus 100C shown in FIG. 4 the vacuum is inclined portion 3K is formed on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 3 of degassing vessel 3C, in the inclined portion 3K is upstream of the glass flow path 3R 3 It differs from the above-mentioned vacuum degassing apparatus 100 in that the depth of the molten glass G is set so as to gradually increase from the downstream side to the downstream side.
- Vacuum degassing vessel 3C the vacuum degassing apparatus 100C of this embodiment, as in the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B of the second embodiment, the depth De of the molten glass G that flows on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 3 , in order to satisfy equation (2), than the bottom wall 3a 1 of the vacuum degassing vessel 3C located upstream of the glass flow path 3R 3, vacuum degassing located downstream of the glass flow path 3R 3
- the bottom wall 3a 2 of the bubble tank 3C is formed so as to be lowered by one step. In the example shown in FIG.
- the inclined portion 3 ⁇ / b> K serving as the boundary between the bottom wall 3 a 1 and the bottom wall 3 a 2 is formed at a position slightly closer to the downcomer 6 than the intermediate position between the upcomer 5 and the downcomer 6.
- the formation position of the inclined portion 3K may be any one of a position on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 3.
- the depth De of the molten glass G is set so as to satisfy the formula (2).
- the reboil bubbles reach the surface layer of the molten glass G and break the bubbles before flowing to the downstream side. Can escape and defoam.
- Inclined portion 3K includes a bottom portion 3J 3 of glass flow path 3R 3 of the upstream depth h 2, it is continuously formed between the bottom 3R c of glass flow path 3R 3 on the downstream side of the depth De Yes.
- the depth of the molten glass G flowing in the inclined portion 3K is formed region, from the upstream side toward the downstream side, it is gradually deeper depth De of depth h 2. Therefore, the flow rate of the molten glass G flowing in the inclined portion 3K is with increasing depth of the glass flow path 3R 3, gradually decreases.
- a region depth De of the molten glass G satisfy the equation (2) is rising pipe 5 from the inner surface edge closest peripheral wall 3b to the downcomer 6 which is the downstream end of the glass flow path 3R 3 Is set to a distance l 2 along the direction toward.
- the distance l 2 is preferably set in the same range as the distance l 1 of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B described above.
- each component of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100C of the present embodiment can be selected as appropriate, and can be set, for example, in the same manner as the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 described above.
- the difference between the depth h 2 of the upstream side, a downstream side depth De of the molten glass G can be appropriately adjusted.
- the depth De can be set deeper about 1m than the depth h 2.
- the inclination angle and the horizontal length of the inclined portion 3K with respect to the horizontal direction can be appropriately adjusted according to the dimensions of the vacuum degassing apparatus.
- the inclined portion 3K having one smooth surface is illustrated.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus of the present invention is not limited to this as long as the stay of the molten glass near the upper end of the downcomer 6 can be suppressed.
- the inclined portion 3K may be formed in a stepped shape, may have a curved shape that protrudes upward, or may have a curved shape that protrudes downward.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a fourth embodiment of the vacuum degassing apparatus of the present invention.
- Vacuum degassing apparatus 100D shown in FIG. 5, but in that vacuum degassing vessel 3D is deeply set on the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 4 are the same as the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B described above, the vacuum degassing vessel
- the shape of the portion continuing to the downcomer 6D connected to the downstream side of 3D is formed in a funnel shape, and the shape of the glass flow path 6R inside thereof is different from that of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B described above.
- Vacuum degassing apparatus 100D of this embodiment the vacuum and the funnel-shaped connecting wall 6a 3 is formed in the boundary portion of the downcomer 6D connecting to the bottom wall 3a 1 of the degassing vessel 3D, the connecting wall 6a 3 above
- the depth De of the molten glass G is set so as to satisfy the formula (2).
- the downstream side of the glass flow path 3R 4, i.e., the bottom (bottom) of the molten glass G to be positioned above the connecting wall 6a 3 3R pressure d P abs Can be degassed under reduced pressure under the conditions satisfying the formula (1), and reboiling can be suppressed.
- the depth De of the molten glass G is set so as to satisfy the equation (2).
- the reboiling bubbles reach the surface layer of the molten glass G and break the bubbles before flowing to the downstream side. Can escape and defoam.
- the vacuum degassing apparatus 100D of the present embodiment it is possible to effectively suppress bubbles remaining in the manufactured molten glass and glass product.
- glass flow path 6R are formed in the shape Subomari down formed by the connected walls 6a 3.
- vacuum flow rate of the molten glass G flowing in the downstream side and connecting wall 6a around the third degassing vessel 3D can be decelerated, the rising speed of the bubbles in the molten glass G, and the flow rate of the molten glass G It can be made relatively faster, and the effect of vacuum degassing can be further enhanced.
- a region depth De of the molten glass G satisfy the equation (2) is rising pipe 5 from the inner surface edge closest peripheral wall 3b to the downcomer 6D which is the downstream end of the glass flow path 3R 4 Is set to a distance l 3 along the direction toward.
- the distance l 3 is preferably set in the same range as the distance l 1 of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100B described above.
- each component of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100D of the present embodiment can be selected as appropriate, and can be set, for example, in the same manner as the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 described above. Difference between the upstream side of the depth h 3, and the downstream depth De of the molten glass G can be appropriately adjusted.
- the depth De can be set about 1 m deeper than the depth h 3 .
- the connection wall 6a 3 to form the lower Subomari shaped glass flow path 6R at downcomers 6D above is formed by the inclined portion 6K 2 of the inclined portion of the upstream 6K 1 and downstream. Dimensions, such as the inclination angle and the horizontal length to the horizontal direction of the inclined portion 6K 1 and 6K 2 can be appropriately adjusted.
- the inclined portion 6K horizontal length of one of the upstream side shows an example be longer than the horizontal length of the inclined portion 6K 2 of the downstream side.
- the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal direction of the inclined portion 6K 1 is but a small example than the inclination angle with respect to the horizontal direction of the inclined portion 6K 2
- the vacuum degassing apparatus of the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Inclination angle and dimensions of the inclined portion 6K 1 and the inclined portion 6K 2 may be the same or different, can be changed as appropriate.
- the apparatus for producing molten glass melts and melts the aforementioned vacuum degassing apparatus 100 (or any one of 100B to 100D) and a glass material provided upstream of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100.
- a melting means for producing glass is the range of a well-known technique.
- the melting means throws a glass raw material adjusted to have a desired composition into a melting tank, and a predetermined temperature according to the type of glass, for example, in the case of silicate glass for buildings, vehicles, etc.
- the glass raw material is melted by heating to about 1400 to 1600 ° C. to obtain a molten glass.
- a glass product manufacturing apparatus includes the above-described molten glass manufacturing apparatus, a molding means (molding apparatus) 200 for molding the molten glass provided on the downstream side of the molten glass manufacturing apparatus, and after molding And a slow cooling means for slowly cooling the glass.
- molding means and a slow cooling means it is the range of a well-known technique.
- the molding means include a molding apparatus using a float method, a fusion method, a down draw method, or the like.
- the forming means using the float bath for the float process is preferable because high-quality plate glass having a wide range of thickness from thin glass to thick glass can be produced in large quantities.
- a slow cooling furnace having a mechanism for gradually lowering the temperature of the glass after forming is generally used.
- the mechanism for gradually lowering the temperature gradually cools the glass after being formed by supplying a heat amount whose output is controlled by a combustion gas or an electric heater to a required position in the furnace. Thereby, the residual stress inherent in the glass after forming can be eliminated.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the method for producing molten glass of the present invention.
- the manufacturing method of the molten glass of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described vacuum degassing method for molten glass of the present invention.
- a melting step S1 in which the molten glass is melted by the previous melting means of the vacuum degassing apparatus 100 to produce the molten glass, and the defoaming process in which the molten glass is degassed by the vacuum degassing method of the molten glass described above.
- It is the manufacturing method of the molten glass which obtains foam process S2 and molten glass G3.
- the manufacturing method of the molten glass of this invention is a range of a well-known technique except using the vacuum degassing method of the molten glass mentioned above.
- the apparatus used in the glass product manufacturing method of the present invention is as described above.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart of one embodiment of the method for producing a glass product of the present invention.
- the glass product manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by using the above-described molten glass manufacturing method.
- the glass product manufacturing method of the present invention includes a molten glass manufacturing process K1 according to the above-described molten glass manufacturing method, a molding process K2 for forming the molten glass downstream of the above-described molten glass manufacturing process K1, and thereafter.
- a glass product G5 is obtained by a slow cooling step K3 in which the molten glass is slowly cooled in the step. As shown in FIG. 7, you may have the cutting process and / or other post-process K4 which cut
- the manufacturing method of the glass product of the present invention is within the range of publicly known technology except that the manufacturing method of the molten glass described above is used.
- the apparatus used in the glass product manufacturing method of the present invention is as described above.
- FIG. 7 in addition to the melting step, the forming step, and the slow cooling step, which are components of the glass product manufacturing method of the present invention, a cutting step used as necessary and other subsequent steps are also shown.
- Example 1 In order to reproduce the atmosphere in which vacuum degassing is performed, the glasses shown in Table 1 and Table 2 are melted in a platinum crucible, and the molten glass is melted into a crucible made of alumina electrocast refractory through a platinum passage.
- the alumina electrocast refractory crucible contained was placed in a melting vacuum chamber.
- the column of each component of the glass of Table 1 is a weight% display, and the numerical value in the parenthesis in the column is a mol% display.
- the atmosphere containing the crucible of the alumina-based electrocast refractory was heated to further melt the glass, and the temperature of the molten glass was set to the temperature shown in Table 2.
- the absolute pressure of the molten glass at the bottom in the vacuum decompression vessel was set to the pressure P abs (kPa) shown in Table 2, and vacuum degassing treatment was performed.
- the air bubbles rising from the molten glass are photographed using a CCD camera from the viewing window provided on the top of the crucible made of alumina electrocast refractory, and the number of air bubbles having a diameter of 0.5 mm or more is measured.
- the reboil frequency (pieces / cm 2 / h) of the molten glass was determined.
- the degree of vacuum was maintained in the melting of the alumina electrocast refractory in the crucible.
- the bubble was observed after 3 days from the start of melting. This is because it is known that bubbles are generated from the furnace material regardless of the test conditions in the initial stage of the test.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- A1 to A8 shown in the glass type column of Table 2 are all the glass A of Table 1
- B1 to B6 are all the glass B of Table 1
- C1 to C6 are all Is the glass C of Table 1
- D1 to D6 are all the glass D of Table 1.
- FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the SO 2 supersaturation degree SS and the reboil frequency of each molten glass.
- Each characteristic value in Table 2 was measured by the following method.
- the SO 3 concentration [SO 3 ] was measured by crushing a plate-like sample cooled with molten glass and using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- the evaluation of pO 2 in the molten glass was measured by remelting a plate-like sample cooled with the molten glass in an experimental furnace.
- the experimental furnace used for the measurement was a pO 2 measuring device Rapidox (manufactured by Heraeus Electro-Nite).
- the measurement procedure is as follows. 700 g of the plate-shaped sample is put in a special sintered quartz crucible and remelted at 1400 ° C.
- the temperature was lowered to 1300 ° C., and an oxygen sensor probe (reference material Ni / NiO) using a zirconia solid electrolyte was inserted into the substrate, and measurement was sequentially performed while the temperature was lowered to 1250 ° C. and 1200 ° C. Note that the crucible was rotated at 4 rpm in order to cancel the influence of the electrolytic phenomenon slightly occurring around the measurement electrode.
- the pSO 2 in the molten glass was calculated from the above equation (7).
- K ′ a value calculated using Equation (11) obtained by the following method was used.
- the pseudo-equilibrium constant K ′ can be strictly evaluated as a function of temperature by measuring the concentration of SO 3 equilibrated with known pSO 2 and pO 2 at each temperature.
- SiO 2 71.5 mass%
- Al 2 O 3 1.5 mass%
- a glass having a model composition represented by O: 13.5% by mass, K 2 O: 0.5% by mass, MgO: 4.5% by mass, and CaO: 8.5% by mass was used.
- the quartz glass test tube is taken out of the electric furnace and rapidly cooled with running water to obtain a glass piece.
- the sulfate is not floating as a free substance (gall). If sulfate free substances are present on the molten glass, the Ar partial pressure of the gas mixture to be bubbled must be increased to lower the pSO 2 bub and pO 2 bub .
- the glass piece thus obtained is pulverized and the SO 3 concentration in the glass piece is measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted the above experiment in a temperature T range of 1250 to 1500 ° C., and determined the pseudo-equilibrium constant K ′ at an arbitrary temperature T (K) as follows:
- Example 2 In order to reproduce the atmosphere in which vacuum degassing was performed, glasses with different water concentrations shown in Table 1 and Table 2 were placed in the above-described apparatus, and an experiment of vacuum degassing treatment was performed.
- the crucible was heated to melt the glass, and the temperature of the molten glass in the alumina electrocast refractory crucible was set to the temperature shown in Table 3.
- the absolute pressure P abs of the molten glass at the bottom of the crucible was set to the values shown in Table 3, and air bubbles in the molten glass were photographed using a CCD camera from a viewing window provided in the vacuum decompression device. The number was measured to obtain the reboil frequency (pieces / cm 2 / h).
- the results are shown in Table 3 and FIG. A1 to A8 shown in the glass type column of Table 3 are all the glass A of Table 1.
- Each characteristic value in Table 3 was measured by the following method.
- ⁇ -OH (1 / mm) which is an indicator of the moisture concentration contained in molten glass
- a parallel flat plate with a thickness t (mm) obtained by subjecting a piece of glass obtained by quenching and solidifying molten glass to mirror polishing on both sides What was processed into was used.
- beta-OH the measuring the infrared absorption spectrum of the parallel plate, and the transmittance T 4000 at 4000 cm -1, reads the minimum value T 3500 of 3500 cm -1 vicinity of transmittance, by substituting the following equation can get.
- the pH 2 O (Pa), which is the H 2 O partial pressure in the molten glass, can be obtained from the following equation.
- FIG. 9 is a graph plotting the H 2 O supersaturation SH and the reboiling frequency in the molten glass. As described above, from this result, there is no correlation between the H 2 O supersaturation degree SH and the reboil bubble generation frequency in the molten glass, as in the SO 2 supersaturation degree SS and the reboil frequency. confirmed.
- Example 3 In Example 1, when carrying out the vacuum defoaming treatment, the same test was conducted for glass composition B in Table 1 by changing the crucible of the alumina electrocast refractory containing molten glass to a platinum crucible. . The results are shown in Table 4. From this result, it was found that when the crucible containing the molten glass is made of platinum, reboiling bubbles are less likely to be produced than in the case of an alumina electrocast refractory. Further, when a crucible add molten glass is made of platinum, if set to about 4.3 SO 2 supersaturation SS, it can be seen that production of good molten glass bubble quality. B7 and B8 shown in the glass type column of Table 4 are all the glass B of Table 1.
- a method for defoaming a molten glass, a defoaming device for molten glass, a method for producing molten glass, a device for producing molten glass, a method for producing a glass product, and a device for producing a glass product of the present invention are for buildings and vehicles. It can be used for manufacturing a wide range of glass products for optical, medical and other purposes.
- the entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-088174 filed on April 12, 2011 are incorporated herein as the disclosure of the present invention. .
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Abstract
Description
この清澄工程では、ボウ硝(Na2SO4)等の清澄剤を原料内に予め調合し、原料を溶融して得られた溶融ガラスを所定温度に一定時間貯留、維持することで、清澄剤によって溶融ガラス内の気泡を成長させ浮上させて除去する方法が知られている。また、内部を所定の減圧度に保持した減圧脱泡槽内に溶融ガラスを通過させることにより、溶融ガラス内に含まれる気泡を比較的短時間に成長させ、大きく成長した気泡の浮力を利用して気泡を溶融ガラスの表面に浮上させ、溶融ガラスの表面で気泡を破泡させることで、溶融ガラスから気泡を除去する減圧脱泡方法が知られている。
溶融ガラスから効率よく気泡を除去するためには、上記した二つの方法を組み合わせて実施すること、すなわち、清澄剤が添加された溶融ガラスを用いて減圧脱泡方法を実施することが好ましい。
溶融ガラスから気泡を効果的に除去するためには、溶融ガラス中に溶存するガス成分が泡内に入り込むことで、気泡が連続的に成長する必要がある。このように気泡が連続成長する現象を引き起こすためには、ある閾値圧力以下の圧力まで減圧する必要がある。減圧脱泡工程において気泡の成長に大きく寄与するガス成分は、溶融ガラス中の水分から生じるH2Oガスと、溶融ガラス中に溶存するSO3の分解により生じるSO2ガスである。そこで、本出願人は先に、ガラス中の水分濃度(β-OH値)、SO3濃度、および溶融ガラスの温度から導き出される泡成長開始圧よりも減圧脱泡槽内の圧力を低くすることで、効果的に溶融ガラス内の気泡を除去できることを開示している(特許文献1参照)。
溶解後や清澄後の溶融ガラスにおいて、構造物である白金やレンガと溶融ガラスとの界面でも気泡が発生することが知られている(特許文献2参照)。特許文献2には、溶融ガラス中のSO3の含有割合を所定範囲に規定することによってこの気泡の発生を抑制できることが開示されている。
また、特許文献2には、気泡についての記載はあるものの減圧脱泡工程との関係については何の記載もない。
本発明は、上述の減圧脱泡方法を用いる溶融ガラスの製造方法、およびガラス製品の製造方法、ならびに、上述の減圧脱泡装置を用いる溶融ガラスの製造装置、およびガラス製品の製造装置の提供を目的とする。
また、本発明者らは、減圧をするにも関わらずガラス製品中に気泡が残留する原因が長い間不明であったが、このリボイル泡が減圧脱泡槽の下流域で発生すると、溶融ガラスが減圧に曝される時間が短く減圧脱泡効果が少ないので、このリボイル泡が溶融ガラスとともに減圧脱泡槽から排出され、気泡を含んだ溶融ガラスとなり、ガラス製品中に気泡として残留してしまうことを見出した。
さらに、本発明者らは、上記知見に基づいて、溶融ガラス中の気泡を効果的に除去しつつ、リボイルによる新たな気泡の発生を抑止できる減圧脱泡方法について検討を行った。
その結果、リボイル泡の発生を抑制する要因が、単に溶融ガラス中に含まれるSO3の割合ではなく、溶融ガラスに含まれるSO3が減圧雰囲気下で分解して生じるSO2ガスの過飽和度であることを見出すことによって以下の発明をした。
すなわち、本発明は、ケイ酸塩ガラスとなるガラス原料を溶融し、内部が減圧状態に保持された減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路に溶融ガラスを流すことにより、溶融ガラスを減圧脱泡する方法であって、前記減圧脱泡槽の少なくともガラス流路の下流側の底部において、下記式(1)を満たす条件で減圧脱泡を実施する溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法を提供する。
SS=pSO2/Pabs<2.0 (1)
上記式(1)中、SSは溶融ガラス中のSO2の過飽和度、pSO2は溶融ガラス中のSO2の分圧(Pa)、Pabsは減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路底部の圧力(Pa)である。
本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法において、前記減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路の水平方向の全長Lに対して、前記ガラス流路の下流端からL/2の範囲において、前記式(1)を満たす条件で減圧脱泡を実施することが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法において、前記ケイ酸塩ガラスとなるガラス原料は、S(硫黄)元素を含む清澄剤を含有することが好ましい。
pSO2/(PG+ρgDe)<2.0 (2)
上記式(2)中、pSO2は溶融ガラス中のSO2の分圧(Pa)、PGは減圧脱泡槽の雰囲気圧力(Pa)、ρは溶融ガラスの比重(kg/m3)、gは重力加速度(m/s2)である。
本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置において、少なくとも前記減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路の下流側を流れる溶融ガラスの深さDeが、前記式(2)を満たすことが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置において、前記ガラス流路の下流側に傾斜部が形成されており、この傾斜部が前記ガラス流路の上流側から下流側へと溶融ガラスの深さが徐々に深くなるように設定されてもよい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置において、前記供給機構が前記減圧脱泡槽の上流側の下方に設けられた上昇管であり、前記送出機構が前記減圧脱泡槽の下流側の下方に設けられた下降管であることが好ましい。
また、本発明は、上記溶融ガラスの製造方法による溶融ガラスの製造工程と、前記溶融ガラスの製造工程よりも下流側で溶融ガラスを成形する成形工程と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷工程と、を含むガラス製品の製造方法を提供する。
さらに、本発明は、上記減圧脱泡装置と、該減圧脱泡装置よりも上流側に設けられたガラス原料を溶融して溶融ガラスを製造する溶融手段と、を備えた溶融ガラスの製造装置を提供する。
さらにまた、本発明は、上記溶融ガラスの製造装置と、該溶融ガラスの製造装置よりも下流側に設けられた溶融ガラスを成形する成形手段と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷手段と、を備えたガラス製品の製造装置を提供する。
また、本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法では、清澄剤であるSO3を含んでいても、このSO3の分解により発生するSO2によるリボイル泡の発生を抑制できる。したがって、SO3添加による清澄効果を維持したまま、リボイル泡の発生を抑制して、効果的に減圧脱泡することができる。
また、本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置において、減圧脱泡槽内のガラス流路の少なくとも下流側を流れる溶融ガラスが、前記式(2)を満たす深さに設定することにより、下流域でリボイル泡が発生してガラス製品に気泡が混入することを抑制できる。なお、この場合、上流側のガラス流路の深さが前記式(2)を満たす下流側よりも浅くなっても、上流側で発生したリボイル泡は、下流側に到達するまでの間に浮上して破泡するため、リボイル泡がガラス製品に混入することがない。
また、本発明のガラス製品の製造方法は、上述の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いることにより、高品質のガラス製品を提供できる。
さらに、本発明の溶融ガラスの製造装置およびガラス製品の製造装置は、上述の減圧脱泡装置を用いることにより、高品質の溶融ガラスおよびガラス製品を提供できる。
図1は本発明の減圧脱泡方法に用いる溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置の第1実施形態を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示す減圧脱泡装置100は、溶融槽1から供給される溶融ガラスGを減圧脱泡して、後工程の成形装置200に連続的に供給するプロセスに用いられる装置である。
減圧ハウジング2の内部側において減圧脱泡槽3、上昇管5および下降管6の周囲には、これらを断熱被覆する断熱用レンガなどの断熱材4が配設されている。
なお、減圧脱泡装置100において、200トン/日以上の処理能力、あるいは500トン/日以上の処理能力を達成するような大型の装置の場合、電鋳レンガのような耐火レンガにより減圧脱泡槽3が構成されていることが好ましい。
また、下降管6は、減圧脱泡後の溶融ガラスGを次の処理槽(図示略)に導出する。このため、下降管6の下端6aは、下流ピット13の開口端に嵌入され、下流ピット13内の溶融ガラスGに浸漬されている。また、下流ピット13の下流側に成型装置200が接続されている。本実施形態の減圧脱泡装置100においては、上昇管5が、減圧脱泡槽に溶融ガラスを供給するための供給機構を構成し、下降管6が、減圧脱泡槽にて脱泡された後の溶融ガラスを次工程に送るための溶融ガラスの送出機構を構成する。なお、本明細書において、ガラス流路3Rとは、減圧脱泡槽3で溶融ガラスGの流路をなす部分を指す。図1に示す減圧脱泡装置100の場合、ガラス流路3Rとは、上昇管5から減圧脱泡槽3に入った溶融ガラスGが下降管6に出て行くまでの間に流れる領域全体を示す。よって、ガラス流路3Rの全長とは、減圧脱泡槽3の内部空間の全長に等しい。
また、本明細書において、「上流」および「下流」と表記した場合、減圧脱泡装置100のガラス流路3Rを流動する溶融ガラスGの流動方向における上流および下流を意味する。
また、アルカリ成分酸化物とアルカリ土類成分酸化物との合計量(本明細書において、この合計量を(アルカリ成分酸化物+アルカリ土類成分酸化物)と表記する。)は、10mol%以上が溶融ガラスの分相を抑制する理由で、好ましく、15mol%以上が溶融ガラスの粘度を下げて各工程における作業温度を下げる理由で、より好ましく、20mol%以上が溶融ガラスの粘度を一層下げて各工程における作業温度を下げる理由で、さらに好ましい。ここで、アルカリ成分酸化物とは、Li2O、Na2O、およびK2Oを表す。また、アルカリ土類成分酸化物とは、MgO、CaO、BaO、およびSrOを表す。上記したケイ酸塩ガラスにおいては、アルカリ成分酸化物とアルカリ土類成分酸化物とを、それぞれ含有する必要がある。すなわち、Li2O、Na2O、およびK2Oからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のアルカリ成分酸化物と、MgO、CaO、BaO、およびSrOからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のアルカリ土類成分酸化物とを、その合計量で10mol%以上含有する。後述のごとく、用途に応じた所望の特性を得るために上記以外の酸化物を含むことができる。
本発明は、ハードディスク用ガラスとしては、酸化物基準の質量百分率表示で、SiO2:50~72%、B2O3:0~20%、Al2O3:0~25%、MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO:0~30%、Na2O:0~20%、K2O:0~20%、Li2O:0~20%、Na2O+K2O+Li2O:6~30%、ZrO2:0~20%、Y2O3、0~20%、La2O3:0~20%、ZnO:0~20%の組成のガラスでも適用できる。
本発明では、化学強化を施した薄板用ガラスとしては、酸化物基準の重量百分率表示で、SiO2:50~75%、Al2O3:0~20%、MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO:4~30%、Na2O:0~20%、K2O:0~15%、Li2O:0~20%、Na2O+K2O+Li2O:6~30%、ZrO2:0~20%の組成のガラスでも適用できる。
上記ガラスは、すべて添加材としてAs2O3、Sb2O3、MnO、NiO、V2O5、CuOなどを5%以下で含有してもよい。
上記ガラスは、Fe2O3:0~10%、TiO2:0~10%、CeO2:0~10%、CoO:0~10%、Cr2O3:0~10%、Se:0~1%などの着色剤が含有されていてもよい。さらに好適には、Fe2O3:0~5%、TiO2:0~5%、CeO2:0~3%、CoO:0~1%、Cr2O3:0~1%、Se:0~1%などの着色剤の含有量である。
本発明者らは、溶融ガラスG中のH2O過飽和度とリボイル泡の発生頻度との関係について検討を行った。H2O過飽和度SHは、ガラス中の水分から生じるH2Oガスの分圧pH2Oと減圧脱泡槽3中の絶対圧Pabsの比として、次式のように定義される。
水平方向における長さ:1~20m
内径:0.2~3m
減圧脱泡槽3が白金製もしくは白金合金製である場合、肉厚は0.5~4mmであることが好ましい。
上昇管5および下降管6は、白金製もしくは白金合金製、または緻密質耐火物製であるかによらず、使用する減圧脱泡装置に応じて適宜選択することができる。たとえば、上昇管5および下降管6の寸法は以下の通りである。
内径:0.05~0.8m
長さ:0.2~6m
上昇管および下降管が白金製もしくは白金合金製である場合、肉厚は0.4~5mmであることが好ましい。
図3は、本発明の減圧脱泡装置の第2実施形態を模式的に示す断面図である。図3に示す減圧脱泡装置100Bは、減圧脱泡槽3Bにおけるガラス流路3R2がその下流側において深く設定されている点で、前記した減圧脱泡装置100とは異なっている。
溶融ガラスGの上流側の深さh1と、下流側の深さDeとの差は、適宜調整可能である。たとえば、深さDeを、深さh1よりも1m程度深く設定することができる。
図4に示す減圧脱泡装置100Cは、減圧脱泡槽3Cのガラス流路3R3の下流側に傾斜部3Kが形成されており、この傾斜部3Kにおいては、ガラス流路3R3の上流側から下流側へと溶融ガラスGの深さが徐に深くなるように設定されている点で、前記した減圧脱泡装置100とは異なっている。
溶融ガラスGの上流側の深さh2と、下流側の深さDeとの差は、適宜調整可能である。たとえば、深さDeを、深さh2よりも1m程度深く設定することができる。
また、傾斜部3Kの水平方向に対する傾斜角度および水平方向長さは、減圧脱泡装置の寸法に合わせて、適宜調整可能である。なお、図4に示す減圧脱泡装置100Cでは、1つの平滑面を有する傾斜部3Kを例示した。本発明の減圧脱泡装置は、下降管6の上端付近の溶融ガラスの滞留を抑制できる限り、これに限定されない。たとえば、傾斜部3Kが、階段状に形成されていてもよいし、上に凸の湾曲形状でもよく、下に凸の湾曲形状であってもよい。
図5に示す減圧脱泡装置100Dは、減圧脱泡槽3Dがガラス流路3R4の下流側において深く設定されている点では前記した減圧脱泡装置100Bと同様であるが、減圧脱泡槽3Dの下流側に接続された下降管6Dに連続する部分の形状が漏斗状に形成され、その内側のガラス流路6Rの形状が前記した減圧脱泡装置100Bとは異なっている。
溶融ガラスGの上流側の深さh3と、下流側の深さDeとの差は、適宜調整可能である。たとえば、深さDeを、深さh3よりも1m程度深く設定することができる。
また、下降管6D上方にて下窄まり状のガラス流路6Rを形成する接続壁6a3は、上流側の傾斜部6K1および下流側の傾斜部6K2により形成されている。傾斜部6K1および6K2の水平方向に対する傾斜角度および水平方向長さなどの寸法は、適宜調整可能である。なお、図5に示す減圧脱泡装置100Dにおいては、上流側の傾斜部6K1の水平長さが下流側の傾斜部6K2の水平長さよりも長くなる例を示している。この例は、傾斜部6K1の水平方向に対する傾斜角度が、傾斜部6K2の水平方向に対する傾斜角度よりも小さい例であるが、本発明の減圧脱泡装置はこれに限定されない。傾斜部6K1および傾斜部6K2の傾斜角度および寸法は、同一でも異なっていてもよく、適宜変更可能である。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法は、前述の本発明の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法を用いることを特徴とする。一例として、前述の減圧脱泡装置100の前段の溶融手段により溶融ガラスを溶融して溶融ガラスを製造する溶融工程S1と、前述の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法により溶融ガラスを脱泡処理する脱泡工程S2と、溶融ガラスG3を得る溶融ガラスの製造方法である。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法は、前述した溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法を利用することの他は、公知技術の範囲である。また、本発明のガラス製品の製造方法で利用する装置については、前述の通りである。
本発明のガラス製品の製造方法は、前述の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いることを特徴とする。本発明のガラス製品の製造方法は、前述の溶融ガラスの製造方法による溶融ガラスの製造工程K1と、前述の溶融ガラスの製造工程K1よりも下流側で溶融ガラスを成形する成形工程K2と、その後工程において溶融ガラスを徐冷する徐冷工程K3とによりガラス製品G5を得る。図7に示すように、さらに必要に応じて、徐冷後のガラスを切断する切断工程および/またはその他の後工程K4を有してもよい。
減圧脱泡を実施する雰囲気を再現するために、表1および表2に記載のガラスを白金製のるつぼで溶解し、白金製の通路を介して、溶融ガラスをアルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼ(AGCセラミックス株式会社製、製品名称「MB-G」:Al2O3が95~96質量%、Na2O3が3質量%、SiO2、CaO微量含有)に移し替え、この溶融ガラスの入ったアルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼを溶解減圧真空容器に配置した。表1のガラスの各成分の欄は重量%表示であり、欄内のカッコ内の数値はmol%表示である。ここでは、アルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼを含む雰囲気を加熱してガラスをさらに溶解させて、溶融ガラスの温度を表2に示す温度とした。その後、真空減圧容器内の底部の溶融ガラスの絶対圧力を表2に示す圧力Pabs(kPa)として、減圧脱泡処理を行なった。この状態で溶融ガラス中から浮上してくる気泡を、アルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼの上部に設けた覗き窓からCCDカメラを用いて撮影し、直径0.5mm以上の気泡の数を測定して、溶融ガラスのリボイル頻度(個/cm2/h)を求めた。なお、試験にあたっては、アルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼでの溶融において減圧度を維持した。また、泡の観察は、溶融開始から3日経過してから行った。これは、試験初期においては、炉材から試験条件によらない泡が発生することがわかっているためである。
結果を表2に示す。なお、表2のガラスタイプの欄に示された、A1~A8は、いずれも表1のガラスAであり、B1~B6は、いずれも表1のガラスBであり、C1~C6は、いずれも表1のガラスCであり、また、D1~D6は、いずれも表1のガラスDである。また、図8に、各溶融ガラスのSO2過飽和度SSとリボイル頻度の関係を示す。
SO3濃度[SO3]の測定は、溶融ガラスを冷却した板状サンプルを粉砕し、蛍光X線分析装置を用いて行った。溶融ガラス中のpO2の評価は、溶融ガラスを冷却した板状サンプルを実験炉で再溶解して測定した。測定に用いた実験炉は、pO2測定装置Rapidox(Heraeus Electro-Nite社製)であった。測定手順は以下の通りである。板状サンプル700gを専用の焼結石英製の坩堝に収め、1400℃で再溶融する。1300℃まで降温し、ジルコニア固体電解質を用いた酸素センサプローブ(参照物質Ni/NiO)を素地に挿入し、1250℃、1200℃と温度を下げながら順次計測していった。なお、測定電極周囲にわずかに起こる電解現象の影響をキャンセルするために、るつぼを4rpmで回転させた。
減圧脱泡を実施する雰囲気を再現するために、表1および表2に記載した水分濃度の異なるガラスを前述の装置に入れ、減圧脱泡処理の実験を行った。るつぼを加熱してガラスを溶融させて、アルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼ内の溶融ガラスの温度を表3に示す温度とした。るつぼ底部の溶融ガラスの絶対圧力Pabsを表3に示す値にして、真空減圧装置に設けた覗き窓からCCDカメラを用いて溶融ガラス中の気泡を撮影し、直径0.5mm以上の気泡の数を測定して、リボイル頻度(個/cm2/h)を求めた。その結果を、表3および図9に示す。なお、表3のガラスタイプの欄に示された、A1~A8は、いずれも表1のガラスAである。
実施例1において、減圧脱泡処理を実施する際に、溶融ガラスを入れたアルミナ系電鋳耐火物のるつぼを白金製のるつぼに変えて、表1のガラス組成Bについて同様の試験を行った。その結果を表4に示す。この結果から、溶融ガラスを入れたるつぼが白金製の場合には、アルミナ系電鋳耐火物の場合よりもリボイル泡が出にくいことがわかった。また、溶融ガラスを入れるるつぼが白金製の場合には、SO2過飽和度SSを4.3程度にしておけば、泡品質のよい溶融ガラスを製造できることがわかる。
なお、表4のガラスタイプの欄に示された、B7、B8は、いずれも表1のガラスBである。
なお、2011年4月12日に出願された日本特許出願2011-088174号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
Claims (13)
- ケイ酸塩ガラスとなるガラス原料を溶融し、内部が減圧状態に保持された減圧脱泡槽内の流路に溶融ガラスを流すことにより、溶融ガラスを減圧脱泡する方法であって、
前記減圧脱泡槽の少なくともガラス流路の下流側の底部において、下記式(1)を満たす条件で溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡を実施する溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法。
SS=pSO2/Pabs<2.0 (1)
なお、上記式(1)中、SSは溶融ガラス中のSO2の過飽和度、pSO2は溶融ガラス中のSO2の分圧(Pa)、Pabsは減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路底部の圧力(Pa)である。 - 前記ケイ酸塩ガラスが、SiO2≧50mol%、(アルカリ成分酸化物+アルカリ土類成分酸化物)≧10mol%の組成である請求項1に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法。
- 前記減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路の水平方向の全長Lに対して、前記ガラス流路の下流端からL/2の範囲において、前記式(1)を満たす条件で減圧脱泡を実施する請求項1または2に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法。
- 前記ケイ酸塩ガラスとなるガラス原料は、S(硫黄)元素を含む清澄剤を含有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法。
- 真空吸引されて内部が減圧される減圧ハウジングと、この減圧ハウジング内に設けられ、ケイ酸塩ガラスとなるガラス原料を溶融した溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡を行うための減圧脱泡槽と、該減圧脱泡槽に溶融ガラスを供給するための供給機構と、脱泡後の溶融ガラスを次工程に送るための送出機構とを具備してなる減圧脱泡装置であって、
前記減圧脱泡槽内のガラス流路の少なくとも一部を流れる溶融ガラスの深さDe(m)が、下記式(2)を満たす溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置。
pSO2/(PG+ρgDe)<2.0 (2)
なお、上記式(2)中、pSO2は溶融ガラス中のSO2の分圧(Pa)、PGは減圧脱泡槽の雰囲気圧力(Pa)、ρは溶融ガラスの比重(kg/m3)、gは重力加速度(m/s2)である。 - 少なくとも前記減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路の下流側を流れる溶融ガラスの深さDeが、前記式(2)を満たす請求項5に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置。
- 前記減圧脱泡槽のガラス流路の水平方向の全長Lに対して、前記ガラス流路の下流端からL/2の範囲において、前記式(2)を満たすように前記深さDeが設定されている請求項5または6に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置。
- 前記ガラス流路の下流側に傾斜部が形成されており、この傾斜部が前記ガラス流路の上流側から下流側へと溶融ガラスの深さが徐々に深くなるように設定されてなる請求項5~7のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置。
- 前記供給機構が前記減圧脱泡槽の上流側の下方に設けられた上昇管であり、前記送出機構が前記減圧脱泡槽の下流側の下方に設けられた下降管である請求項5~8のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡装置。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの減圧脱泡方法により溶融ガラスを脱泡処理する工程と、前記脱泡処理する工程の前にガラス原料を溶融する溶融工程とを含む溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 請求項10に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法による溶融ガラスの製造工程と、前記溶融ガラスの製造工程よりも下流側で溶融ガラスを成形する成形工程と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷工程と、を含むガラス製品の製造方法。
- 請求項5~9のいずれか一項に記載の減圧脱泡装置と、該減圧脱泡装置よりも上流側に設けられたガラス原料を溶融して溶融ガラスを製造する溶融手段と、を備えた溶融ガラスの製造装置。
- 請求項12に記載の溶融ガラスの製造装置と、該溶融ガラスの製造装置よりも下流側に設けられた溶融ガラスを成形する成形手段と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷手段と、を備えたガラス製品の製造装置。
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