WO2012139518A1 - 超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机及其高温脉流染纱控制方法 - Google Patents

超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机及其高温脉流染纱控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012139518A1
WO2012139518A1 PCT/CN2012/073987 CN2012073987W WO2012139518A1 WO 2012139518 A1 WO2012139518 A1 WO 2012139518A1 CN 2012073987 W CN2012073987 W CN 2012073987W WO 2012139518 A1 WO2012139518 A1 WO 2012139518A1
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Prior art keywords
dyeing
stage
yarn
water
cylinder
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PCT/CN2012/073987
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
黎嘉球
钟汉如
罗湘春
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广州番禺高勋染整体设备制造有限公司
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Priority claimed from CN2011100957495A external-priority patent/CN102134793B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2011100957298A external-priority patent/CN102140743B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201110233378A external-priority patent/CN102296436B/zh
Application filed by 广州番禺高勋染整体设备制造有限公司 filed Critical 广州番禺高勋染整体设备制造有限公司
Publication of WO2012139518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012139518A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B5/00Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating
    • D06B5/12Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length
    • D06B5/16Forcing liquids, gases or vapours through textile materials to effect treatment, e.g. washing, dyeing, bleaching, sizing impregnating through materials of definite length through yarns, threads or filaments
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06BTREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B23/00Component parts, details, or accessories of apparatus or machines, specially adapted for the treating of textile materials, not restricted to a particular kind of apparatus, provided for in groups D06B1/00 - D06B21/00
    • D06B23/04Carriers or supports for textile materials to be treated
    • D06B23/042Perforated supports

Definitions

  • Ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine and high temperature pulse flow dyeing control method thereof Ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine and high temperature pulse flow dyeing control method thereof
  • the invention relates to a yarn dyeing machine, in particular to an ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine and a high temperature pulse dyeing control method thereof.
  • the disadvantages of the old cheese dyeing machine are that the bath ratio is large, the power consumption is large, the dyeing chemicals are used more, and the process time is long.
  • One kilogram of yarn ingot needs to be more than 5 kilograms of water. In actual use, it is said that the yarn ingot is soaked in the saturated state of wet water, and the dyeing liquid soaks half of the creel.
  • Dyeing and finishing equipment has low efficiency and long process cycle.
  • the time required for I-day dyeing machine to dye a cylinder is about 5-10 hours.
  • the dyeing period is long and time-consuming.
  • the dyeing and finishing equipment manufactured abroad is 2 to 4 hours long.
  • the pollution is large, and the dyeing agent per cylinder requires a large amount of dye additives.
  • the water consumption is large.
  • the old overflow dyeing machine consumes a large amount of water per kilogram of fabric, which is about 47% less than the waste water produced by foreign dyeing and finishing equipment.
  • the power consumption is large.
  • the energy consumption per kilogram of fabric of the old dyeing machine is about 47% lower than that of the dyeing and finishing equipment produced abroad. Book
  • the key indicator for measuring cotton yarn dyeing process technology is to determine the dye bath ratio by reasonable ratio of water consumption to spindle quality.
  • the dye bath ratio is a very important indicator of the standard level of yarn dyeing machines.
  • the current use of baths for dyeing machines is measured by the ratio.
  • the bath ratio of the old cheese dyeing machine is usually 1:5, which is simply referred to as the low bath ratio cheese dyeing machine, and the cheese dyeing machine with a bath ratio lower than 1:3 is called the ultra low bath ratio.
  • the main pump is the power source of the bleaching dye circulation. Its performance is directly related to the bleaching and dyeing effect.
  • the lift of the high temperature and high pressure cheese yarn circulation pump is a very important parameter for the dyeing quality of the cheese yarn.
  • the head is too small to penetrate the dyeing tank. For each spindle in the yarn, the dyed yarn has chromatic aberration and uneven dyeing.
  • the too large lift is not only a waste of energy, but also the weaving effect of the yarn surface due to the strong impact of the dye liquor on the yarn. Therefore, according to the fabric process needs to properly control the head parameters, and the current dyeing machine in the 1 : 3 ultra-low bath ratio, the main pump head is difficult to meet the dyeing process requirements. There is a need to provide a three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine that can achieve high lift in an ultra-low bath ratio process.
  • the old dyeing water level can only reduce the high level of covering yarn by 20%--40%, the dyeing period is long and the water, electricity and dyeing auxiliaries are wasted, causing environmental pollution.
  • the sealing of the shaft cage and the equipment in order to ensure that the package is dyed and dyed, the sealing of the shaft cage and the equipment must be ensured, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside is sufficiently large.
  • the entire dyeing solution ensures the dyeing rate without cavitation, overcoming the equipment, quality and process that may be brought about by low water level.
  • the influence of parameters, etc. requires investment to do R&D and demonstration work. Summary of the invention
  • the main object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide an ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine, which can satisfy the dyeing machine when the dyeing liquid in the dyeing machine is lower than the yarn spindle The required lift, thus achieving the ultra-low bath ratio of the dyeing machine, minimizing the consumption of dyes, auxiliaries, energy and water resources, and achieving the goal of energy saving and emission reduction.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling high temperature pulsed yarn dyeing, which is used throughout the dyeing process.
  • Water is only a solvent for the dye and a solvent for wetting the yarn, and the required bath ratio is very low.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio state reduces the amount of hot water required for dyeing the yarn, the consumption of dyeing chemical dyes, and the amount of blowdown.
  • the efficient pulse flow dyeing shortens the dyeing process time and reduces the power consumption. This method is in line with the four elements of eco-friendly economic dyeing – water, energy, additives, and minimum consumption of time.
  • an ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine comprising a dyeing cylinder, a creel, an impeller pump, a heat exchange coil, the creel is fixed in the dyeing cylinder, the creel
  • the upper yarn rod is hollow, and the bottom of the yarn rod communicates with the dyeing liquid output channel in the dyeing cylinder.
  • the bottom of the creel is a creel disc.
  • the creel disc has a hole communicating with the dyeing liquid input channel in the dyeing cylinder, and the impeller pump is disposed in the dyeing cylinder.
  • the heat exchange coil is disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder
  • the impeller pump is a three-stage impeller pump
  • the pump shaft is coaxially connected with the inner motor shaft
  • the dyeing cylinder is connected with the inlet of the three-stage impeller pump
  • the pump along the flow direction of the dyeing liquid includes the axial flow stage, the centrifugal stage, and the fixed guiding impeller stage in sequence. That is, in the whole dyeing process, the dyeing liquid in the dyeing tank never exceeds the creel disk, and the bath ratio is less than 1:3 (ie, the super Low bath ratio, the dyeing solution is always below the spindle and does not soak the spindle during the whole dyeing process.
  • the axial flow stage and the centrifugal stage are sequentially connected to the motor through the same transmission shaft, and the axial flow stage and the centrifugal stage blades are fixed on the transmission shaft; the dye liquid flows into the axial flow stage through the inflow channel, and flows out from the axial flow stage.
  • the dyeing liquid directly enters the input port of the centrifugal stage, and the dyeing liquid flowing out from the centrifugal stage passes through the fixed guiding impeller stage and enters the outflow channel, and the fixed guiding impeller stage is arranged at the interface of the centrifugal stage output end and the dyeing liquid outflow channel;
  • the channels in which the dye liquor flows in and out are isolated from each other; the axial flow stage, the centrifugal stage, and the fixed flow impeller stage are all disposed in the flow guiding outer casing.
  • the three-stage impeller pump is connected to the dyeing tank through a horn tube, and two independent cavities are arranged in the horn tube as the dye liquid inflow channel and the outflow channel, and the flow direction of the dye liquor flowing into the channel is from the dyeing cylinder to the axial flow.
  • Stage flow the inflow channel is in communication with the input end of the axial flow stage; the dyeing direction in the dye outflow channel is from the centrifugal stage to the dyeing tank via the fixed guiding impeller stage, and the outflow channel is in communication with the output end of the centrifugal stage.
  • the axial flow stage, the impeller casing of the centrifugal stage and the two adjacent surfaces of the impeller are spherical surfaces. This ensures that the blade has a small gap between the outer circumference of the impeller and the outer casing at any installation angle to reduce the loss of return water.
  • the fixed deflector impeller blade is welded and fixed on the flow guiding outer casing, and the fixed guiding impeller blade and the guiding outer casing are fastened to the impeller pumping base.
  • the impeller pump base, the deflector housing, and the centrifugal pump housing are stationary on the impeller housing.
  • the fixed deflector impeller piece and the flow guiding shell are welded on the first stage impeller pump bearing, and the blade installation angle is inclined by 45 degrees opposite to the centrifugal pump outlet direction, which is that the fixed diversion impeller stage generates the third stage of lift under the impact of the rotating water flow.
  • the action of the lift after the rotating water passes through the fixed deflector impeller, the water changes the flow direction and becomes DC water. This is the technical feature of the fixed diversion impeller stage.
  • a sealing ring is provided between the axial flow vane and the first stage impeller pump bearing, and the sealing ring is filled with Teflon (PTFE) Material to improve the seal of the pump pressure difference.
  • PTFE Teflon
  • the axial flow pump, the pump shaft of the centrifugal pump and the motor shaft are coaxially connected by a nylon pin coupling.
  • the motor is directly driven by a horizontal variable frequency motor, and the motor is fastened to the motor seat by bolts.
  • all of its axial forces ie, the sum of the water pressure on the pump impeller and the total weight of the pump rotor
  • the axial displacement of the pump rotor can be adjusted by the nut in the transmission, which simplifies the entire pump unit and is easy and reliable to install and maintain.
  • the creel comprises a sand disc, a hanging rod and a yarn rod;
  • the upper surface of the sand disc is disc-shaped, the lower end of the sand disc is a cavity structure, the bottom of the lower end of the sand disc is connected with the center seat of the dyeing machine, and the sand disc is said to have a sand disc outlet hole on the upper surface, Sand tray return hole and boom hole seat, the hanger hole seat is arranged on the center of the sand table, the yarn rod is fixed in the water outlet hole of the upper surface of the sand table, the yarn rod is a hollow cylinder structure; the barrel of the yarn rod is provided with water
  • the water drum is a hollow or solid columnar structure, the yarn rod is the same as the center line of the water drum, and the ratio of the hollow inner diameter of the yarn rod to the outer diameter of the water drum is 10:7-9, and the cylinder of the yarn rod is at different height levels.
  • a plurality of water outlet holes are hooked on the circumference of
  • the bottom of the lower end of the sand tray is disc-shaped, and the center of the disc is provided with a through-hole book for fixing the boom.
  • the disc is provided with four water inlets along two symmetry axes, and four adjacent water inlets on the disc form 4
  • the water inlets are evenly connected with a plurality of sand tray outlet holes to form a uniform water inlet passage, and the four water inlet ports are evenly connected with the plurality of sand tray return holes to form a uniform return water passage;
  • the height of the cylinder is l-12m ; for the height of the inner cylinder of the yarn rod is less than 3m, the center spacing of the water outlet holes on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the yarn barrel cylinder is equal. For the height of the inner cylinder of the yarn rod is greater than 3 m, the center spacing of the water outlet holes on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the yarn barrel cylinder is not equal.
  • the yarn barrel body is divided into three or five equal parts according to the height. On each aliquot, the center spacing of the water outlet holes on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the yarn barrel cylinder is equal, if the yarn rod cylinder is The height is divided into 3 equal parts, which are numbered from the bottom to the top in the first, second, and third parts, wherein the first aliquot, the second aliquot, and the third aliquot are adjacent to each other on the same longitudinal section of the barrel 3
  • the center-to-space ratio of the water outlet holes on the two horizontal sections is 1.2-1.5:1:0.5-0.8; if the yarn barrel is divided into 5 equal parts according to the height, the numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4 from bottom to top.
  • the center-to-center spacing ratio is 1.5-1.7: 1.2-1.4: 1: 0.7-0.9: 0.4-0.6.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine further comprises an adaptive water level monitoring device, a frequency conversion motor and a dyeing computer, wherein the adaptive water level monitoring device and the heat exchange coil are disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder, and the dyeing cylinder passes through the horn
  • the tube is connected to the inlet of the three-stage impeller pump, and the variable frequency motor is connected with the three-stage impeller pump; the three-stage impeller pump, the variable frequency motor, the heat exchange coil, and the adaptive water level monitoring device are all connected to the dyeing computer through the controller.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio third-stage impeller pump dyeing machine further comprises a proportional micro-control temperature rise and fall system, one end of the system is connected with a temperature probe disposed in the dyeing cylinder, and the other end is connected with the dyeing computer;
  • the temperature in the dyeing cylinder is constant at the value required by the dyeing process curve, and can reach the specified temperature quickly when the temperature is required to be raised and lowered.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine further comprises a progressive feeding system, the system comprising a feeding barrel and a controller disposed at the inlet of the feeding cylinder, the controller is connected with the dyeing computer; the worker can according to the set process curve, On the dyeing computer The amount of dye is controlled to achieve progressive feeding, which prevents the excessive feeding of the dye and causes the shock of the dyeing liquid in the dyeing tank.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio is a high-temperature discharge mixing device of a three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine.
  • the device is disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder and includes a plurality of discharge valves connected to the dyeing computer for intermittent discharge of sewage.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine further includes a hot water preparation cylinder disposed at the water inlet of the dyeing cylinder.
  • a hot water preparation cylinder With this hot water preparation cylinder, the amount of hot water required for the next step can be prepared in advance, saving process time and compensating for the influence of fluctuations in plant water pressure and steam pressure on the dyeing process.
  • a high-temperature pulse dyeing control method for an ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine a time pulse generator in a dyeing computer sends pulse flow data according to a set process to a variable frequency motor controller corresponding to the variable frequency motor
  • the variable frequency motor controller controls the rotation speed of the variable frequency motor, and the variable frequency motor drives the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump to output the pulse flow fluctuation of the dye flow; the output dye flow is adaptively adjusted according to the ideal reference model in the dyeing computer.
  • the adaptive water level monitoring device gives the water level reference identification information. According to this information, the water level regulator and the variable frequency motor controller respectively adjust the water level and the variable frequency motor to achieve the water level and pulse flow required by the set process. Book
  • the boiling and bleaching stage is carried out under conditions of 105-11 CTC, and the wastewater is directly discharged at a high temperature. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, it can accelerate the decomposition of impurities and slurry on cotton yarn and increase the bleaching rate.
  • the use of high temperature direct discharge eliminates the need for cooling and cooling. Compared with conventional machine baths (1:7-1:10), the amount of steam required for heating is large and the heating time is long. After bleaching, it takes a long time to cool down to achieve safe discharge requirements, which is both time consuming and time consuming.
  • the motor speed of the dyeing process needs to be between 300-500 / ym / min, in order to ensure the effective dye circulation rate of the circulation system
  • the specific flow rate of the cheese dyeing machine can be selected above 35L/3 ⁇ 4.min. Since the ratio of the number of revolutions of the main pump selected according to the specific flow rate is less than 300, which is a centrifugal pump with a high specific number of revolutions, the inlet and outlet diameters of the main pump can be reduced, so that the amount of water stored in the pipeline is reduced, and the bath is reduced. ratio.
  • the water washing stage controls the water washing temperature to be between 50-10 CTC, and it includes a positive pressing water stage, in which the pressure in the dyeing tank is increased to 4-6 kg/cm 2 by a dyeing computer for remaining after draining
  • the sewage on the yarn is squeezed out as much as possible, which can minimize the water content adsorbed on the cheese, reduce the sewage content, improve the washing efficiency and reduce the water consumption.
  • the pulse current data sent by the time pulse generator changes the 5-10 cycle pulsation frequency of the frequency conversion motor every minute;
  • the dyeing stage has different temperature process curves according to the type of the spindle, and the type is cotton, chemical fiber and
  • the spindle of the protein fiber, the corresponding temperature process curve specifically refers to:
  • the yarn to be dyed in the category of cotton specifically refers to:
  • a 2 (t), A 2 (t) 60, t x ⁇ t ⁇ t 2
  • a 4 (t), A 4 (t) 95, t 3 ⁇ t ⁇ t 4
  • a 6 (t), A 6 (0 65, t 5 ⁇ t ⁇ t 6
  • Axial flow level Axial flow level
  • the axial flow stage is made of stainless steel and is supported by two ends of the bearing. One end is directly driven by the motor.
  • the axial flow stage impeller provides the first stage of adsorption into the water to pump the lift, and the centrifugal stage squats back to the cylinder.
  • the pumping water is pumped to the centrifugal stage. Since the pump is filled with liquid, the centrifugal stage impeller rotates rapidly.
  • the blade of the impeller drives the liquid pumping to rotate. When the liquid rotates, it flows to the outer edge of the impeller by inertia. At the same time, the impeller sucks in the liquid from the suction chamber.
  • the liquid in the impeller flows around the blade, and the liquid acts to lift the blade during the flow around the flow.
  • the blade acts on the liquid with a force equal to the lift force and the opposite direction. This force works on the liquid to obtain the liquid.
  • the energy flows out of the impeller, and the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid increase.
  • the flow rate of the axial flow stage vane is sent to the centrifugal stage. When the inlet end of the valve is fully opened, the flow rate increases, and the generated water flow increases the force to form the first stage lift.
  • Centrifugal level The centrifugal stage is next to the axial flow stage, which relies on the lift generated by the wing-shaped cascade of the rotating impeller to transfer energy to the centrifugal stage impeller.
  • the impeller is corrected by static balance.
  • the principle of the centrifugal stage is that after the rotor (impeller) rotates at a high speed, the low-pressure fluid is driven outwardly to the outlet to collect and form a high-pressure fluid; the vortex pump sucks the external low-pressure fluid into the turbine cavity through the turbine and gradually squeezes toward the center. Forming an intermediate high pressure to form a high pressure fluid.
  • the centrifugal stage is coaxially connected to the axial flow stage and is essentially a type of three stage impeller pump.
  • the water jet propeller of the pump consists of an inlet flow passage, an impeller, a vane body and a spout.
  • Pump characteristic curve (head - flow curve, efficiency - flow curve, head - suction port ratio speed curve) reflects the mathematical model of the pump's motion parameters (rotational speed, circumferential and axial velocity), can measure the performance of the pump , including energy conversion efficiency, propulsion performance and anti-cavitation performance.
  • the mixing pump adopts the performance curve of the mixed flow type water jet propulsion pump, including the head-flow curve and the efficiency flow curve at different speeds under non-cavitation conditions, and the correction function of the head and efficiency as a function of the mouth-to-port ratio under cavitation conditions. Curve, the performance curve of the water jet propeller for solving the pump in the flow rate range is obtained.
  • the fixed impeller impeller stage is made of stainless steel, and the impeller made of stainless steel is welded to the impeller seat (or the outer shell of the blade) and fastened to the impeller seat.
  • the adjacent surface of the blade and the impeller seat is engraved with a horn line.
  • the blade mounting angle is typically 45 degrees, which is the opposite of the centrifugal level.
  • the guide vane pump is a retrograde diversion of the rotating water flow immediately following the centrifugal stage, that is, the water flow is rotated and the impeller is fixed, so that the fixed impeller is shaped like a vane pump.
  • the centrifugal stage draws water to the third stage
  • the water flow is rotated, and the guiding impeller is fixed on the impeller casing of the impeller seat, so that after the water flow washes the guiding impeller, the rotating water flows out along the guiding impeller.
  • the water flow is changed from rotary to DC to gooseneck outlet, and the third stage boost is used to increase the lift head.
  • the power of the centrifugal pump under the same conditions is faster than that of the third-stage impeller pump. Since the main circulation pump motor of the cheese dyeing machine is now adopting the AC frequency conversion technology, different flow rates and heads can be given under the condition that the pump efficiency is constant through the change of the rotation speed, so the flow rate and power variation characteristics based on the centrifugal pump are adopted. , can fully reduce power consumption under different traffic.
  • the centrifugal pump Compared with the three-stage impeller pump, the centrifugal pump has a relatively flat flow and efficiency characteristic curve. Within the range of flow variation, the range from the highest efficiency point is not large. In the case of the change in the loading of the package yarn or the swelling of the water (such as viscose fiber), the equipment always has a high working efficiency during the flow change.
  • the invention adopts the principle of pulsating fluid dynamics of a centrifugal pump and an axial flow pump, specifically adopting the fluid dynamics equation of Bernoulli's law.
  • Bernoulli's law is an equation that studies the flow state, motion law, energy conversion, and the interaction force between a fluid and a solid wall. It includes three equations: the continuity equation, the Bernoulli equation, and the momentum equation. Explain the relationship and law of mass, energy and momentum during steady flow. Among them, the Bernoulli equation solves the problem of liquid flow by the law of conservation of energy and plays an important role in liquid dynamics.
  • the Bernoulli equation reveals the law of energy change during liquid flow, that is, the flowing liquid not only has pressure energy and potential energy, but also has kinetic energy because of its certain flow velocity. Assuming that the ideal liquid is constantly flowing in the pipeline (flow, flow rate and density do not change the flow pattern), the ideal form is:
  • this formula is the ideal liquid for constant flow in a closed pipe.
  • the three forms of energy can be converted into each other during the flow, but the sum of the energy on each cross section is constant. Since the actual flowing liquid is sticky, frictional force is generated during the flow, and energy loss occurs. At the same time, the size and shape of the pipe in the oil path cause disturbance of the liquid flow and also cause energy loss.
  • the flow rate of the actual flowing liquid on the flow cross section (the liquid flow through a certain flow cross section per unit time)
  • the Bernoulli equation is used in calculating hydraulic system pressure, ceramic movement, and energy loss during liquid flow. Bernoulli's Law: The static pressure is small when the ideal fluid flows at a steady flow in the pipe, and the static pressure is strong at a slow flow rate.
  • the specific flow rate is described by the characteristic curve of the main circulation pump.
  • the main pump head can be increased, thereby ensuring the levelness of the yarn and the primary dyeing rate, and improving the efficiency and reducing the energy consumption.
  • the yarn dyeing of the cheese yarn is selected to be a low-speed impeller pump with a large specific flow rate.
  • low specific flow rate and high lift can improve the ability to overcome the penetration resistance of the yarn layer. Suitable for ultra-low bath ratio dyeing.
  • Specific flow rate is an important technical parameter in the dyeing technology of cheese yarn. It characterizes the amount of dyeing liquid per kilogram of yarn per unit time, and its unit is L/.min.
  • the dyeing process consists of three basic processes: adsorption, diffusion and fixation. It is to uniformly dye the dye and fix it on the yarn fiber within the set time. According to the dyeing principle, the dyed yarn and the dye must be in constant contact to complete the three basic processes of dyeing. In this process, in addition to controlling the dyeing rate by temperature, it is mainly through the dyeing cycle to ensure the temperature uniformity of the entire dye (yarn) and the frequency of dye exchange. Therefore, the specific flow plays a very important role in the dyeing of the package yarn.
  • the main basis for selecting the flow rate of the main pump of the equipment is the specific flow rate. It is generally believed that choosing a larger specific flow rate is beneficial to improve the levelness of the yarn, but it will produce hairiness on some yarns; in addition, the inner, middle and outer color differences of the individual packages, and the color between the layers.
  • the layer difference is related to the low flow rate.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing quality With low specific flow rate, the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing quality will be improved, which brings benefits such as lowering the main pump speed and power, achieving energy saving, water saving, saving dyeing agent and reducing sewage discharge. It has great practical significance, as follows:
  • the centrifugal pump Compared with the mixed flow pump, the centrifugal pump has a relatively simple flow-efficiency characteristic curve. In the range of flow variation, the range from the most efficient point is not too large. In the case of the change in the loading of the package yarn or the swelling of the water (such as viscose fiber), the equipment always has a high working efficiency during the flow change.
  • the volume of the main circulation pipeline system is reduced, and the bath ratio is reduced by a low specific flow rate.
  • the main pump has a relatively high lift, which can increase the ability to overcome the penetration resistance of the yarn layer. This not only ensures sufficient equal dyeing chance of the dyed material, but also reduces the volume of the circulating piping system, since the inlet and outlet diameters of the centrifugal pump of the same power are generally smaller than those of the mixed flow pump. Optimize the dyeing machine structure design to further reduce the bath ratio.
  • the method of changing the specific flow rate, combined with the characteristic curves of different main circulation pumps (centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump, axial flow pump), setting a reasonable specific flow rate, and relatively increasing the head of the main circulation pump, can not only satisfy the dyeing process of the large-capacity cheese yarn. It is also possible to increase the success rate of dyeing by increasing the density of the general cheese yarn (especially the cotton cheese yarn). In addition, low specific flow rates increase efficiency and reduce energy consumption.
  • the rated pressure difference of the pump is the difference between the discharge pressure of the pump and the suction pressure, which indicates the amount of energy (pressure energy) obtained by the liquid being pumped through the pump.
  • the larger the pressure difference the faster the speed of the yarn exchange cycle, and the higher the frequency of dye exchange is more conducive to the leveling of the dye liquor, while the normal conventional equipment can not reach the low bath when the production liquid volume drops.
  • the effect of the ratio The higher the pressure difference, the better the dyeing effect.
  • the pressure drop in the system is proportional to the square of the fluid flow rate:
  • the main pump head used to overcome the system resistance loss should be high enough to ensure that the desired dye liquid penetrates the yarn layer.
  • the exchange frequency of the dyed material and the dyeing liquid mainly depends on the circulating flow rate of the dyeing liquid, so the selection of the specific flow rate is relatively large, and the selection of the lift head is not taken seriously.
  • the mixed flow pump is generally selected, which is characterized by large flow and low lift. Therefore, in order to ensure that a certain dye solution passes through the yarn layer, 30%-40% of the total flow rate has to be used to compensate for leakage and spindle penetration resistance loss. Therefore, the theoretically calculated specific flow does not reflect the actual specific flow.
  • the continuous improvement of the structure of the cheese dyeing machine improves the utilization rate of the circulating dyeing book, and can improve the head required for the overall system without considering the part of the flow that was used to compensate for the leak. This not only can meet the energy consumption required for the system resistance, but also reduce the space of the pipeline circulation system and improve the efficiency of the main circulation pump.
  • the specific flow rate of the cheese dyeing machine can be selected to be above 35 L/ ⁇ . Since the ratio of the number of revolutions of the main pump selected according to the specific flow rate is less than 300, which is a centrifugal pump with a high specific number of revolutions, the inlet and outlet diameters of the main pump can be reduced, so that the amount of water stored in the pipeline is reduced, and the bath is reduced. ratio.
  • the specific rotation number is given by the following empirical formula:
  • the ratio of the number of revolutions is less than 300 to the function of the centrifugal pump, and above 300 is the mixing pump, and more than 500 is the axial flow pump.
  • the principle of the yarn dyeing machine of the invention is that the yarn ingot is fastened into the creel, and the three-stage impeller pump is sprayed to the creel by controlling the motor speed, and the dye liquor is sprayed through the creel to the yarn inflow and the yarn layer is circulated back to the yarn cylinder. The dyeing liquid is lifted by the three-stage impeller pump to the head pressure of 30 meters to reach the specific flow rate of the cheese yarn.
  • the dyeing liquid is sprayed into the spindle in a single direction at a high speed pulse flow, and the dyeing process of the yarn on the yarn ingot is completed.
  • Water is only a solvent for the dye and a solvent for the yarn to wet throughout the dyeing process. Therefore, the required bath ratio is very low.
  • the invention is applied to the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing machine, and the dyeing machine has the following advantages: (1) saving dyes and additives
  • the biggest difference between the pulsed dyed yarn of the present invention and the ordinary overflow or jet dyed yarn is that it can achieve yarn dyeing at a very low bath ratio (below 1:1).
  • This low bath ratio dyeing condition will result in a change in the dyeing rate of the dye on the spindle.
  • the reactive dye when the reactive dye is dyed, the directness of the dye increases as the dyeing bath ratio decreases, and the dye is applied to the dye. (such as Yuanming powder, salt and other electrolytes), the dependence of the electrolyte is reduced, the dyeing rate is increased, so that a small fixing agent (alkaline agent) can obtain a higher fixing rate, and the fixing agent can be reduced. Reduce the hydrolysis of the dye. Therefore, in order to control the dye uptake rate, it is preferred to use a less direct reactive dye. (2) Realizing the leveling of the spindle and dye solution
  • the dye In the process of less water bath ratio, the dye must be dyed enough by the number of exchanges between the spindle and the dye liquor.
  • the pulse dyeing yarn also relies on this method to achieve the dyeing of the yarn. Obviously, the more times the yarn ingots are exchanged with the dye liquor per unit time, the better the leveling and the shorter the yarn dyeing time.
  • the pulsating dyeing bath is lower than the low dyeing liquid, the circulating frequency is high, and the liquid content of the yarn spindle is low, so that the high speed of the exchange of the spindle and the dyeing liquid facilitates the leveling. Pulsed yarn dyeing can achieve fast yarn dyeing with the support of a suitable dyeing process.
  • the invention is that the water does not immerse the yarn ingot, and the dyeing liquid has no resistance to the yarn ingot, so that the dyeing of the yarn ingot has a more advantageous dyeing effect, and brings a series of benefits such as water saving and electricity saving.
  • the running speed of the spindle is determined by the amount of dye spray.
  • the decrease of the spray volume will slow down the spindle speed and further affect the exchange frequency between the spindle and the dye liquor.
  • the spindle circulation is pulled by the pulsating flow, and the circulating frequency of the dyeing liquid can be independently controlled according to the needs of the process, and the amount of the dyeing liquid is changed without affecting the circulation frequency of the spindle.
  • the dyeing process includes three basic processes of adsorption, diffusion and fixation of the dye, wherein the fixation process takes a long time, and the adsorption and diffusion process of the dye is related to the relative motion of the dye liquor and the spindle. It is known from fluid dynamics that the kinematic viscosity of a liquid decreases with increasing temperature, while the kinematic viscosity of a pulsating flow increases with increasing temperature. For pulsating dyed yarns, as the temperature increases, the viscosity of the dyeing liquid decreases and the viscosity of the gas moves increases, which is more conducive to breaking the dynamic balance of the adsorption and diffusion boundary layer, making the boundary layer thinner and facilitating the dye to the fiber interior.
  • the temperature of the dyed yarn ingot is always higher than that of the yarn.
  • the temperature of the spindle in the cylinder especially when the temperature is rapidly increased to 130 °C, the temperature difference between the two can reach about 10 °C.
  • the uniformity of the yarn in the dyeing process of the pulsed yarn is usually achieved by controlling the heat exchange coil at the bottom of the yarn cylinder to replenish the temperature to the dyeing liquid, and to increase the heating rate and the circulating temperature rate of the spindle. Therefore, the control yarn is quickly exchanged with the dye liquor, which not only ensures the dye leveling, but also obtains a uniform temperature dyeing of the yarn.
  • Pulsed yarn dyeing is an ultra-low bath ratio process. Due to its structural characteristics, it exhibits different characteristics from ordinary overflow or jet dyed yarn:
  • the dye dyeing In the ultra-low bath ratio process, the dye dyeing must be completed by sufficient number of exchanges between the spindle and the dye liquor.
  • the pulsating dyeing yarn also relies on this method to achieve the dyeing of the yarn. According to Beckmann's theory, the optimum dyeing rate for jet dyeing is:
  • V g ⁇ t) K ⁇ l ⁇ t) Q ⁇ t)dt
  • J( ) F[I(t f ), t f say] + j tf L[I(t)jQ ⁇ t), t]dt ⁇ 0
  • I(t) the dye uptake rate of the dye per cycle of the spindle
  • Pulsed yarn dyeing The bath has a higher frequency of circulation than the low dyeing solution, and the low flow rate of the spindle can make the running speed faster and the high frequency exchange of the dyeing spindle and dyeing liquid facilitates the leveling. With the support of a suitable dyeing process, pulsed yarn dyeing can achieve fast yarn dyeing.
  • the running speed of the spindle is determined by the amount of dye spray.
  • the decrease of the spray volume will slow down the spindle speed and further affect the exchange frequency between the spindle and the dye liquor.
  • the spindle circulation is pulled by the pulsating flow, and the circulating frequency of the dyeing liquid can be independently controlled according to the needs of the process, and the amount of the dyeing liquid is changed without affecting the circulation frequency of the spindle.
  • the dyeing process includes three basic processes of adsorption, diffusion and fixation of the dye, wherein the fixation process takes a long time, and the adsorption and diffusion process of the dye is related to the relative motion of the dye liquor and the spindle. It is known from fluid dynamics that the kinematic viscosity of a liquid decreases with increasing temperature, while the kinematic viscosity of a pulsating flow increases with increasing temperature. For pulsating dyed yarns, as the temperature increases, the viscosity of the dyeing liquid decreases and the viscosity of the gas moves increases, which is more conducive to breaking the dynamic balance of the adsorption and diffusion boundary layer, making the boundary layer thinner and facilitating the dye to the fiber interior.
  • the temperature of the dyed yarn ingot is always higher than that of the yarn.
  • the temperature of the spindle in the cylinder especially when the temperature is rapidly increased to 13 CTC, the temperature difference between the two can reach about 1 CTC.
  • the uniformity of the yarn in the dyeing process of the pulsed yarn is usually achieved by controlling the heat exchange coil at the bottom of the yarn cylinder to replenish the temperature to the dyeing liquid, and to increase the heating rate and the circulating temperature rate of the spindle. Cause In this way, the yarn ingot is quickly exchanged with the dyeing liquid, which can ensure the dyeing of the dye and obtain a uniform temperature dyeing of the yarn.
  • Impact pulsation dyeing can be carried out at a low bath ratio.
  • the dyeing solution does not soak the spindle, greatly reducing the amount of dye additives.
  • the spindle and dye solution are not immersed in water, which reduces the penetration resistance of the spindle and accelerates the dye exchange speed.
  • Dyeing and shortening the yarn dyeing time the motor speed pumping water draws the dye liquor to rinse the spindle, so that the cycle frequency of the spindle and the dye liquor can be controlled by the motor speed.
  • This is the principle of impact pulse flow dyeing.
  • the pulse flow is generated by the computer according to the random signal "time pulse generator", which changes the frequency of the motor 5-10 cycles per minute. This frequency change is caused by the fluctuation of the water level.
  • the ideal reference model (water level regulation law) is given by the dyeing process and the output speed of the three-stage impeller pump (water pump outlet) is driven by the variable speed motor control speed.
  • the water level monitoring water warning line gives the water level reference identification and adjusts the frequency conversion.
  • the motor speed reaches the impact pulse of the dyeing process.
  • the dyeing process is adapted to the pulsed yarn dyeing equipment, and the dyeing process is monitored by advanced dyeing control technology to ensure the dyeing quality of the "three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine with ultra-low bath ratio". Guarantee.
  • the invention has the following characteristics:
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high-temperature dyeing machine pulse flow control method adopts the pulse flow dyeing machine control process, which can be combined with the one-bath dyeing process to more effectively shorten the dark dyeing process time to 6-7 hours.
  • the light color is 1-2 hours smaller than the original.
  • Pulse flow is the pulsating flow rate of the adjustable flow.
  • the equipped preparatory cylinder can prepare the amount of hot water required in the next step in advance, save process time, and make up for the impact of fluctuations in plant water pressure and steam pressure on the dyeing process.
  • the ratio of dyeing cotton bath is as low as 1:3, which is extremely low water consumption. Reduce the cost of sewage, improve the one-time success rate and reproducibility. (Reactive dye dyed cotton consumes 22-45 tons per ton of water, while old-style pulse dyeing machines consume 120-150 tons per ton of yarn). Reduce dyeing aids and steam consumption.
  • Bleaching and dyeing of various weights of needles and spindles and their fibers can be carried out without modification and equipment changes.
  • Water consumption (water consumption per ton of spindle) 22-45 80-120 Power consumption (kW * hour / ton spindle) 308-420 1600-2400 Steam consumption (tons of steam dye / ton of spindles) 0.8-1.3 2-4.16
  • Pulse flow technology improves yarn quality, and ultra-low bath ratio dyeing technology is very different from old-style overflow dyeing machines. Since the water level is below the creel, the water wash can continuously wash and dye the impeller pump during the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing process, saving water and drainage time.
  • the master cylinder always keeps not soaking the cheese yarn, and controls the water washing temperature between 50-100 °C, so that the yarn keeps expanding, and the book accelerates the unfixed dye to spread out from the fiber.
  • the sewage is continuously discharged, the residual dye bath is continuously diluted. Since the water washing system accelerates the exchange between fresh water and sewage, the washing efficiency is improved, the washing time is shortened, and the consumption of water, electricity and steam is also reduced. Considering the cost performance of the equipment, the advantages of pulse flow dyeing are non-overflow dyeing.
  • the present invention has several key technical improvements as compared to the prior art.
  • the improvement of the centrifugal pump plus the axial flow pump uses the three-stage impeller pump to realize the automatic water level control of the dyeing process, and the water level height can be automatically set according to the dyeing process.
  • the technology uses a computer-controlled water level controller installed by dyeing tank to make the whole process of dyeing including pre-treatment, dyeing, dyeing and washing process low water level, that is, the water level is not soaked under the creel, no The water level in the dye liquor or in the water, the direction of the main pump of the dyeing cylinder is from one to the outside (IN-OUT).
  • the new water-saving and energy-saving environmentally-friendly yarn dyeing technology requires that the loose yarn of the loose yarn must have uniform density and good shape; the simple tube and the cage are well sealed; the dyeing liquid is fully circulated during dyeing; the parameters of temperature, flow and pressure are controlled within the specified range. Inside. In order to ensure that the yarn fastness is drained after dyeing and drained after soaping, pressure discharge is required to fully drain the residual dye-containing and electrolyte-rich water in the yarn.
  • the research and development process optimizes the process parameters to ensure the stability of the dyeing production process, as follows:
  • the pumping speed of the dyeing process needs to be between 300-500 / pm / min; the pressure used for pressure drainage needs to be 4- Between 6 / cm 2 ; bath ratio required to be controlled between 1: 2.5-1: 3; specific flow rate (water volume per unit weight of yarn per unit time) is required to be controlled between 35 L g . min.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
  • the invention adopts the three-stage impeller pump in series to achieve the required head, and overcomes the disadvantages of the axial pump and the centrifugal pump respectively, and combines the advantages of both, so that the bath ratio is small, and the water level is only in the creel. Underneath, the set specific flow rate can still be achieved, and the spindle is quickly circulated in the dyeing machine, avoiding the phenomenon that the yarn ingot is liable to cause chromatic aberration in the case of low bath ratio.
  • the yarn contains relatively little dye liquor (the yarn in the storage creel and the yarn cylinder of the cheese cylinder are separated), even under high temperature and high pressure dyeing conditions, there is no excessive tension on the spindle, especially Provides favorable conditions for the wet processing of sensitive spindles, such as those containing spandex elastic spindles.
  • the rapid cycle of the spindle in high temperature and high pressure dyeing and low bath ratio dyeing liquor improves the exchange frequency of the spindle and the dye liquor during the dyeing process, which is beneficial to the leveling of the microfiber spindles which are faster than the dyeing surface area and the dyeing rate of the flow cheese. .
  • the frequency of the pulse exchange between the spindle and the dye liquor is rapidly exchanged, accompanied by pulse flushing, in the processes of enzyme treatment (such as enzyme desizing, enzyme boiling, enzymatic polishing) and fibrillation of fibrils, It is very important to speed up the reaction speed of the treatment liquid and improve the treatment effect.
  • enzyme treatment such as enzyme desizing, enzyme boiling, enzymatic polishing
  • the invention achieves an ultra-low bath ratio. Since the pulsation is used as the driving force for driving the dyeing of the spindle, the "three-stage impeller pumping machine with ultra-low bath ratio" can be used to dye the book with the minimum amount of dyeing solution, and the bath ratio at the time of dyeing is very small.
  • the bath ratio of dyeing pure cotton yarns using "three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine with ultra-low bath ratio" was 1:3, and the bath ratio of dyed pure polyester yarn was 1:2.5.
  • the bath ratio is small, the dye liquor does not soak the water, the circulating dye liquor penetrates the spindle in a fast speed, the dye liquor has less resistance, and the spindle is exchanged with the dye liquor several times in a short time, thereby increasing the exchange frequency between the dye liquor and the spindle. Therefore, higher dye reproducibility and high success rate of one dye can be obtained.
  • the superb bath has a good effect on the quality and reproducibility of the dyeing process. Due to the small bath ratio, the three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine reduces the total water consumption of the process compared with the old liquid flow pulse dyeing machine, and has lower consumption of dyeing materials and lower sewage discharge.
  • the cost consumption of the three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine with ultra-low bath ratio and the old liquid dyeing machine in water, electricity, steam and sewage treatment is shown in Table 1. Since the bath ratio is small, there is no water in the master cylinder during the dyeing process, that is, the yarn spindle is not immersed in the dye liquor, and the liquid level of the dye liquor is lower than the yarn spindle. Therefore, the yarn spindle does not have excessive dyeing liquid during the lifting process. The weight is light, even if there is a high acceleration before entering the pulsation, the spindle can be dyed under high tension and high pressure under low tension, and it is not easy to be scratched.
  • the spindle is mainly pulsating in the pulsation.
  • the "three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine with ultra-low bath ratio" has a softer effect on the spindle and reduces the spindle operation. Tension in the process.
  • the power consumption is 0.69-1.12 kWh/kg of yarn.
  • the power consumption is reduced by 83% compared with the old one.
  • Dyeing quality There is no crease in the principle of the old pulse dyeing machine. What is the difference between the crease of the color surface and the hair difference? The difference in layer color, tube difference and color fastness And other questions, and the color fastness meets the international standard of ISO14000. Did not get a complete solution.
  • the seal rings of the present invention are all sealed with a Teflon rubber ring (PTFE).
  • PTFE Teflon rubber ring
  • the dye liquor is rotated by the vane pump to generate the dye liquid thrust flow, and the dye liquor sprays the dye liquor on the yarn ingot, so that the yarn ingot contacts the dye liquor and obtains the power of the cyclic motion, and the operation of the spindle is mainly By the friction between the dye liquor and the spindle (the dye liquor transfers kinetic energy to the spindle). Due to the high density of the liquid flow, in the continuous friction process with the spindle, a large impact force is generated on the spindle, which causes breakage and pilling of the fiber and affects the appearance of the spindle. When machining compact spindles, the force transmitted by the dye liquor onto the spindle causes the warp to shift and damage the structure, affecting the grade of the processed spindle.
  • the high-speed dyeing liquid flows out after entering the creel, and the dyeing liquid and the spindle are directly sprayed on the surface of the spindle after passing through the creel guide hole, which has strong penetrating force and large contact area. And even.
  • the spindle density is low, and the spindle achieves excellent dyeing under high-speed pulse flow.
  • the three-stage impeller pump with ultra-low bath ratio uses Teflon seal to reduce the friction between the impeller and the flow guiding shell, providing a more comfortable processing environment for the spindle, even if the yarn runs at high speed. Will wear the yarn surface.
  • the spindle is fully unfolded and shaken in the high-speed pulse flow, and the pulse flow state is continuously changed during the cycle, thereby ensuring the levelness of the spindle and reducing the chance of occurrence of creases, which can solve the problem that the liquid flow pulse dyeing machine is difficult to solve.
  • the problem of fine wrinkles improves the processing quality and product grade of the spindle.
  • the water consumption of the three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine with ultra-low bath ratio is reduced by 69%, the kilogram of yarn only needs 3 kg of water, the power consumption is reduced by 83%, and the process time is from 7.5-8.0 hours. Reduced to 6-8 hours, shorter than the old dyeing time by 1-2 hours, steam consumption reduced by 58%, dyeing auxiliaries reduced by 57%.
  • the dyeing process increases the pulsating fluid dyeing process, so that the quality of the spindle reduces the inner, middle and outer chromatic aberration of the individual cheese, and the color difference between the layers, so that the problem of tube difference and color fastness of the yarn surface is solved. Improve the hooking of the yarn. For old yarn dyeing machines, the total water consumption is 2.5-3 kg water per kg of yarn.
  • the invention mainly uses a pulsating fluid dynamic (pulse flow) dyeing technique of a centrifugal pump and an axial flow pump (three-stage impeller pump).
  • the principle is that the three-stage impeller pump is sprayed to the creel by controlling the motor speed, and the yarn ingot is placed in the creel to be fastened.
  • the dyeing liquid is sprayed through the creel to the yarn inflow and the yarn layer is circulated back to the yarn cylinder body, and the dyeing liquid is passed through the three-stage impeller.
  • the pump lifts the dye liquor to a head pressure of 30 meters to achieve a specific flow rate of the cheese yarn.
  • the dyeing liquid is sprayed into the spindle in a single direction at a high speed pulse flow, and the dyeing process of the yarn on the spindle is completed.
  • Water is only a solvent for the dye and a solvent for wetting the yarn throughout the dyeing process. Therefore, the required bath ratio is very low.
  • the reduction in bath ratio means the hot water required for dyeing the yarn, the consumption of dyeing chemical dyes, and the reduction of blowdown.
  • the efficient pulse flow dyeing shortens the dyeing process time and reduces the power consumption.
  • the pulse flow dyeing process conforms to the four elements of eco-friendly economic dyeing – the lowest consumption of water, energy, additives and time.
  • the hollow cylinder of the yarn rod of the present invention is provided with a water drum, and the water drum can be a hollow or solid columnar structure, and the yarn rod and the water drum are located on the same center line to ensure the coaxiality of the yarn rod and the water drum.
  • the reduction of the hollow volume in the yarn rod is beneficial to relatively increase the actual lift of the pipeline and increase the flow rate of the dye liquor in the yarn.
  • the actual lift of the dyeing liquid management by the impeller pump reaches 30 meters.
  • the present invention is distinct from the old liquid flow dyeing machine in that the dyed reflux water does not soak the spindle and the water level is only below the creel. Therefore, the bathing ratio of the yarn dyeing machine of the present invention is very small.
  • the flow rate of the dye liquor is increased by the cooperation of the three-stage pump, and the number of dye liquor circulation per unit time is increased, so that the dye liquor and the spindle are fully contacted in a short time, and the dyeing is enhanced. effect.
  • the dyeing liquid is sprayed directly on the surface of the spindle under the pressure of 30 meters, the penetration is strong, and the contact area is large.
  • the flow of the yarn is washed, which helps to eliminate the layer color. , so that the machine has a very good yarn dyeing effect.
  • the bottom disc of the creel device of the present invention is provided with four book water inlets along two symmetry axes, and the water inlets are adjacent between the two water inlets on the disc, and the four water inlets are evenly connected with the plurality of sand tray water outlets to form Uniform water inlet channel, four water inlets are evenly connected with a plurality of sand tray return holes to form a uniform return water passage.
  • the water inlet passage of the creel device communicates with the water inlet passage of the center seat, and the water return passage of the creel device communicates with the water return passage of the center seat; the return water passage of the center seat communicates with the input end of the axial flow stage;
  • the inlet channel is in communication with the output of the centrifugal stage.
  • the low-pressure dyeing liquid is flushed from the water outlet hole in the yarn rod through the three-stage impeller pump, and the washed dye liquid enters the return water passage in the sand tray through the return hole on the sand tray, and flows through the water return port at the bottom of the sand tray.
  • the return water passage in the center seat flows back to the tertiary pump to form a water circulation.
  • the bottom of the creel device of the invention is provided with a four-in and four-out connection channel, and the bottom of the creel device adopts a four-inlet four-out water passage design, from the third-stage pump to the dyeing and printing water, and the printing ink after dyeing is returned to the third-stage pump. Very smooth, and the water and water at the bottom of the sand table are even, the dyeing liquid flows quickly, the dyeing is hooked, and the color layer is reduced.
  • the water drum of the yarn rod of the present invention has a water outlet hole on the outer side of the yarn drum outside the water drum, which is a water outlet hole designed according to the pressure difference of the water discharge of the dyed yarn ingot, from bottom to top, to the yarn rod. The higher the opening, the denser the opening, to ensure that the overall flow of the dyeing liquid from the outlet hole in each section is uniform, and uniform dyeing is achieved.
  • the invention changes the old overflow dyeing method to recycle the dyeing spindle by circulating dyeing, and uses the high-speed pulse flow to dye the spindle operation, so that the ratio of the yarn to the water is less than 1:3, and the dyeing yarn is obtained by contacting the spindle with the pulsating flow rate.
  • the pulsating cycle power greatly reduces the dyeing bath ratio, and better solves the problems of large bath ratio, high energy consumption and large discharge volume of the old type of cheese dyeing machine.
  • the spindle is rapidly circulated in the mixed-flow pump dyeing machine, which avoids the smudge phenomenon of the inner and outer chromatic aberration of the spindle in the low bath ratio.
  • the dyeing liquid contained in the spindle is relatively small (the yarn in the storage creel and the dyeing liquid in the cheese cylinder are separated), even under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure dyeing, no excessive tension is generated on the spindle, nor It can provide damage to fibrous tissue, especially for wet processing of sensitive spindles (such as spandex-containing spindles).
  • the rapid cycle of the spindle in high temperature and high pressure dyeing and low bath ratio dyeing liquid improves the frequency of exchange of the spindle and the dye liquor during the dyeing process, and is advantageous for the leveling of the microfiber spindle which is faster than the dyeing surface area and the dyeing speed of the flow cheese.
  • the pulsation of the spindle and the dye solution is fast
  • the present invention minimizes the consumption of dyes, auxiliaries, energy, and water.
  • Water consumption decreased by 69%
  • sewage discharge decreased by 69%
  • electricity consumption decreased by 83%
  • steam consumption decreased by 58%
  • additive consumption decreased by 57%
  • dyeing process time was from 7.5-14.5.
  • the hour is reduced to 5.5-8.0 hours, which is 6 hours shorter than the old dyeing time.
  • the mixed flow pump causes the dye liquor to produce a pulsating fluid dynamic effect in the dyeing cycle of the spindle, which improves the dye exchange frequency between the dye liquor and the spindle.
  • the dyeing process increases the pulsating fluid dyeing process, so that the quality of the spindle reduces the inner, middle and outer color difference of the individual cheese, and the color difference between the layers, the solid surface, the tube difference, the color fastness, etc.
  • the problem is solved and the levelness of the yarn is improved.
  • the electrolyte salt and alkali remaining in the dyeing process need to be removed, and the process is washed several times (at least 3 times).
  • the absorbance value is 1.5%.
  • the absorbance value drops to 0.5% in 30 minutes. Because of the residual electrolyte, it needs to be cleaned with soap. After 60 minutes, the absorbance is about 0.7%. After several times of washing, the absorbance is close.
  • ultra-low bath ratio 1: 3 process can achieve fast process dyeing, because the water level of the yarn cylinder does not soak the spindle, no need to release the water book, save water and save process time. The old dyeing machine discharges about 5-10 each time. In minutes, the ultra-low bath ratio process only takes 1 minute. It takes more than ten water changes to dye a cylinder yarn to save water.
  • Polyester fibers will precipitate oligomers during high temperature dyeing (usually at 130 ° C). If not, they will deposit on the spindle or contaminate the equipment after cooling. Therefore, it should be as high temperature as possible ( Excluding these oligomers at temperatures above 100 °C saves time and increases efficiency. Since the liquid flow rate of the present invention is dyed as a spindle, the dyeing is completed, and high-temperature discharge does not affect the operation of the spindle. High-temperature discharge shortens the dyeing cycle, effectively eliminates oligomers, and improves the color fastness of the spindle. Waste heat can also be reused using a heat recovery integrated system.
  • the measures taken are: pumping the high temperature discharged dye liquor into the collection tank containing the heat exchange coil, preheating the cold water in the collection tank, and injecting the preheated water into the preparation tank, saving the preparation cylinder
  • the water in the water is heated to achieve the purpose of saving energy.
  • the total water consumption of the process is not determined by the bathing ratio of the dyeing process, but by the water washing process.
  • Three-stage impeller pump The dyeing machine uses spray continuous water washing technology. The drain valve is always open during the water wash. The water is sprayed to the spindle by the injection system, and the sewage after the exchange with the spindle is directly discharged. The unpainted floating color is directly diluted and discharged without circulation, and no secondary pollution is caused, and the old dyeing machine is omitted. Washing water and drainage time saves water, saves time and has high efficiency, which greatly improves the color fastness of the spindle.
  • the invention has a wide variety of yarn ingot varieties.
  • the yarn dyeing machine of the present invention differs from the old yarn dyeing machine in that the yarn spindle does not soak water. Therefore, high temperature pulse flow dyeing can be applied to all types of spindles that can be processed by general flow dyeing.
  • the spindle is easily dyed due to its large surface area, fast absorption of dye, and low flow rate of dye liquor. Liquid stream dyeing is not possible to increase quickly due to the limitation of the liquid flow rate, so the spindle with a large specific surface area is difficult to perform in liquid flow dyeing. In pulsatile dyeing, the pulsation can reach a very high speed, and the damage to the spindle is very small.
  • the spindle forms a high speed under the high-speed pulsation (the highest dye flow rate is 700m/min:), which can guarantee It is fully contacted with the dye liquor in a very short period of time to achieve leveling. And for other high-grade yarn ingots, suede and suede yarn ingots have good leveling and very good Feeling.
  • the application of "Ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine” can significantly reduce water consumption, dyeing materials, steam consumption, and reduce sewage discharge. It can adapt to a wide range of yarn ingots, especially when dyeing some high-density yarn spindles, it can overcome the problem of fine wrinkles which is difficult to solve by liquid flow dyeing machine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of an ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a three-stage impeller pump in the apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the front structure of the axial flow stage and the centrifugal stage in the apparatus of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the device shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fixed guide vane piece in the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the fixed deflector impeller stage housing of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a side elevational view of the apparatus of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 7;
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram showing the principle of impact pulse flow dyeing of the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a rapid bleaching process curve of the cotton yarn of the cheese dyeing machine
  • Figure 11 is a dyeing process of cotton yarn
  • Figure 12 is a graph showing the variation of the residual liquid concentration during the rapid washing of the cheese dyeing machine
  • Figure 13 is a process curve diagram of the yarn to be dyed in the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a process curve diagram of the ingot to be dyed in the method of the present invention.
  • Figure 15 is a process curve diagram of the yarn to be dyed in the method of the present invention when it is a protein fiber;
  • Figure 16 is a schematic structural view of a creel device of the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing machine of the present invention.
  • Figure 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of Figure 16;
  • Figure 18 is a schematic view showing the structure of the lower part of the creel device of the ultra-low bath ratio dyeing machine
  • Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Figure 18;
  • Figure 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 18.
  • Example 1 The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
  • Example 1
  • the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump dyeing machine comprises a dyeing cylinder 15, a creel, an impeller pump 18, and a heat exchange coil 17, and the creel is fixed in the dyeing cylinder 15, on the creel
  • the yarn rod 20 is hollow, and the bottom of the yarn rod 20 communicates with the dyeing liquid output channel in the dyeing cylinder 15.
  • the bottom of the creel 20 is the creel disk 16, and the creel disk 16 has a hole communicating with the dyeing liquid input channel in the dyeing cylinder 15, the impeller
  • the pump 18 is disposed under the entire dyeing cylinder 15, and the heat exchange coil 17 is disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder.
  • the impeller pump 18 is a three-stage impeller pump, and the pump shaft is coaxially connected with the internal motor shaft, and the dye cylinder 15 and the third-stage impeller are connected.
  • the inlets of the pumps 18 are connected;
  • the three-stage impeller pump 18 sequentially includes an axial flow stage, a centrifugal stage, and a fixed flow guiding impeller stage along the flow direction of the dyeing liquid.
  • the dyeing liquid in the dyeing cylinder 15 never exceeds the creel disk 16, and the bath ratio is less than 1:3.
  • the principle of the yarn dyeing machine of the present invention is that the yarn spindle 19 is placed in the creel and fastened, and the third-stage impeller pump 18 is sprayed to the creel by controlling the rotation speed of the motor 2, and the dye liquor is sprayed through the creel to the yarn inflow and exiting the yarn layer to be returned to the yarn cylinder.
  • the dyeing liquid is lifted by the three-stage impeller pump 18 to the head pressure of 30 meters to reach the specific flow rate of the cheese yarn, and the dyeing liquid is sprayed to the spindle 19 in a single direction at a high speed pulse flow, and the dyeing of the yarn ingot 19 is completed. process.
  • the required bath ratio is very low.
  • the reduction of the bath ratio means that the hot water required for dyeing the yarn, the consumption of the dyeing chemical dye, and the reduction of the sewage discharge, and the efficient pulse flow dyeing shortens the dyeing process time and reduces the power consumption.
  • the pulse flow dyeing process conforms to the four elements of eco-friendly economic dyeing – water, energy, additives, and minimum consumption of time.
  • the axial flow stage and the centrifugal stage are sequentially connected to the motor 2 through the same transmission shaft, and the axial flow blade 11 of the axial flow stage and the centrifugal blade 9 of the centrifugal stage are fixed on the transmission shaft, where
  • the fixed impeller impeller stage is disposed at the interface of the centrifugal stage output end and the dye liquor outflow channel; the inflow and outflow channels of the dye liquor are isolated from each other; the axial flow stage, the centrifugal stage, and the fixed diversion impeller stage are all disposed at Inside the flow guiding housing 10.
  • the three-stage impeller pump 18 is connected to the dyeing cylinder 15 through the horn tube 13.
  • Two independent cavities are arranged in the horn tube 13 as the dye liquid inflow passage and the outflow passage, and the flow direction of the dye liquor in the dye liquid inflow passage is Flowing from the dyeing cylinder 15 to the axial flow stage, the inflow channel is in communication with the input end of the axial flow stage; the dyeing liquid in the dyeing liquid outflow channel flows from the centrifugal stage to the dyeing cylinder 15 via the fixed guiding impeller stage, and the outflow channel and the centrifugal stage The outputs are connected.
  • the axial flow stage, the impeller casing of the centrifugal stage and the two adjacent surfaces of the impeller are spherical surfaces. This ensures that the blade has a small gap between the outer circumference of the impeller and the outer casing at any installation angle to reduce the loss of return water.
  • the number of the axial flow blades of the axial flow stage is 11 and the number of the centrifugal blades of the centrifugal stage is seven.
  • the fixed deflector impeller blades 12 disposed on the fixed impeller impeller stage are welded to the flow guiding outer casing 10, and the fixed guiding impeller blades 12 and the diversion outer casing 10 are fastened to the impeller pumping machine.
  • the flow guiding shell 10 is welded to the first stage impeller pump bearing 14, and the fixed guiding vane piece is mounted at an angle opposite to that of the centrifugal pump, inclined by 45 degrees.
  • a sealing ring 8 is disposed between the axial flow vane 11 and the first stage impeller pump bearing 14, and the sealing ring 8 is provided with a Teflon (PTFE) material to improve the sealing of the pump pressure difference, as shown in FIG. Show.
  • PTFE Teflon
  • the axial flow pump, the pump shaft 6 of the centrifugal pump and the motor shaft 3 are coaxially connected via a nylon pin coupling 7.
  • the motor 2 is directly driven by a horizontal variable frequency motor, and the motor is fastened to the motor base 1 by bolts.
  • all of its axial forces ie, the sum of the water pressure on the pump impeller and the weight of the entire pump rotor
  • the axial displacement of the pump rotor can be adjusted by the nut in the transmission, which simplifies the entire pump unit and is convenient and reliable for installation and maintenance.
  • Axial flow stage The axial flow stage is made of stainless steel, supported by two ends of bearings, and one end is directly driven by the motor 2.
  • the axial flow stage impeller provides the first stage of adsorption into the water to pump the lift.
  • the yarn backflow dyeing liquid is pumped to the centrifugal stage. Since the pump is filled with liquid, the centrifugal stage impeller rotates rapidly, the impeller blades drive the liquid pumping rotation, and the liquid rotates by inertia to the outer edge of the impeller, and the impeller The liquid is sucked in from the suction chamber. During this process, the liquid in the impeller flows around the vanes.
  • the liquid acts to lift the vanes.
  • the vanes act on the liquid with a force equal to the lift force and the opposite direction. This force works on the liquid to cause the liquid to get energy and flow out of the impeller.
  • the kinetic energy and pressure energy of the liquid increase.
  • the axial flow vane 11 delivers water to the inlet end of the centrifugal stage to form a first stage lift.
  • centrifugal stage The centrifugal stage is next to the axial flow stage.
  • the axial flow stage relies on the lift generated by the wing-shaped cascade of the rotating impeller to transfer energy to the centrifugal stage impeller.
  • the impeller is corrected by static balance.
  • the principle of the centrifugal stage is that after the rotor (impeller) rotates at a high speed, the low-pressure fluid is driven outwardly to the outlet to collect and form a high-pressure fluid; the vortex pump sucks the external low-pressure fluid into the turbine cavity through the turbine and gradually squeezes toward the center. Forming an intermediate high pressure to form a high pressure fluid.
  • the centrifugal stage is coaxially connected to the axial flow stage and is essentially a type of three stage impeller pump. The structure of the axial flow stage and the centrifugal stage of the ultra-low bath ratio is shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the fixed diversion impeller stage is a retrograde diversion of the rotating water flow immediately following the centrifugal stage, that is, the water flow is rotated and the diversion impeller is fixed, so that the diversion impeller is shaped like a vane pump.
  • the centrifugal stage draws water to the third stage, the water flow is rotated, and the fixed flow impeller blade is welded and fixed on the flow guiding outer casing, and the guiding outer casing is welded on the first stage impeller pump bearing, so that the water flow washes the guiding impeller.
  • the rotating water flows along the guiding impeller to reach the water flow from rotation to DC to the outlet of the flare tube, and reaches the third stage to increase the lift head.
  • the impeller is made of stainless steel, and the fixed impeller is made of stainless steel.
  • the impeller is welded on the diversion casing.
  • the diversion casing is welded to the first-stage impeller pump bearing.
  • the installation angle of the fixed impeller is generally 45 degrees. This blade angle is opposite to the direction of the centrifugal stage.
  • the flow guide housing is shown in Figure 5-8.
  • the present invention has many advantages, and the cost consumption of the water-, electricity, steam and sewage treatment of the present invention and the Japanese-style liquid dyeing machine is shown in Table 1. Since the bath ratio is small, there is no water in the master cylinder during the dyeing process, that is, the yarn spindle is not immersed in the dye liquor, and the liquid level of the dye liquor is lower than the yarn spindle. Therefore, the yarn spindle does not have excessive dyeing liquid during the lifting process.
  • the weight is light, even if there is a high acceleration before entering the pulsation, the spindle can be dyed under high tension and high pressure under low tension, and it is not easy to be scratched. At the same time, the spindle is mainly pulsating in the pulsation. Compared with the liquid flow, the effect of the invention on the spindle is relatively soft, which reduces the tension during the operation of the spindle.
  • the total water consumption is 65-100 liters per kilogram of yarn, which is the theoretical calculation.
  • the total water consumption is 22-45 liters per kilogram of yarn, which is actually consumed.
  • the process time is 8-14 hours, which is a theoretical calculation.
  • the process time is 5.5-7.5 hours, which is the actual process time.
  • Power consumption is 0.69-1.12 kWh / power consumption per kilogram of yarn is reduced by 83% compared with the old model
  • the main view of the "ultra-low bath ratio dyeing machine" is shown in Figure 1.
  • the dyeing machine has the following components:
  • the basic configuration includes: main cylinder body, cylinder head, cylinder head balance hammer, book creel axis, creel disc, spindle, yarn raising device, washing device, variable frequency motor, impurity filter, high temperature discharge mixing device , steam and water mixer.
  • Instrumentation sensors thermometer, temperature probe, water level measuring device, zero pressure switch, double needle pressure gauge, pressure sensor, liquid filter.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine is in accordance with the dyeing process: set temperature 16 CTC; maximum working temperature 14 CTC; design pressure 0.5 MPa; design working pressure 0.45 MPa; heating rate 20 ° C ⁇ 130 ° C about 30 min; The cooling rate is 130 °C ⁇ 80 ° ⁇ about 20min; the influent time is 2min ⁇ 5min; the drainage time is 2min - 5min; the bath ratio is 1:2.5 ⁇ 1:3.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine is suitable for polyester, polyester/cotton, nitrile, nitrile/cotton, cotton, rayon/cotton, nylon/viscose, tencel/cotton, modal/cotton, soy fiber Dyeing of cheese yarns such as bamboo fiber/cotton and mercerized wool.
  • the ultra-low bath is consistent with the dyeing fabric process of the high temperature dyeing machine example:
  • Leveling agent 0.3g / L; Dispersing agent 0.2g / L; Na2S04 (Yuanming powder) 60 g / L ⁇ 80g / L fast dyeing; Na2C03 (soda) 20 g / L ⁇ 25g / L fixing effect; Bath Ratio 1:3; dyeing time 40min; fixing time 60min ⁇ 75min; temperature 65 °C;
  • Nylon dyeing Acetic acid 0.5g / L; sodium acetate l.Og / L; leveling agent 1.5g / L; dispersing agent 0.2g / L; formic acid 3% (for black dyeing, 100 ° C dyeing after 20min); bath ratio 1 : 3; time 60min; temperature 98 ° C ⁇ 100 ° C.
  • the ultra-low bath has a high-temperature pulse dyeing machine with a high-temperature pulse dyeing machine, and the large material barrel has a function of rapid reflow and feeding. Small barrels are proportional to the quantitative injection, double drainage. High-temperature mixed-flow discharge, dyeing and stirring, metering input function. Precision flow, double water. They can be added individually or simultaneously.
  • the high-temperature dyeing machine of the ultra-low bath ratio pulse flow machine has the following main components: including the dyeing cylinder 15, the creel, the heat exchange coil 17, the adaptive water level monitoring device, and the frequency conversion motor 2.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump 18 and the dyeing computer, the adaptive water level monitoring device and the heat exchange coil 17 are both disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder 15, and the dyeing cylinder 15 passes through the bell tube and the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump
  • the inlet of 18 is connected, and the variable frequency motor 2 is connected with the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump 18; the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump 18, the variable frequency motor 2, the heat exchange coil 17, and the adaptive water level monitoring device are all controlled.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio third-stage impeller pump 18 includes an axial flow stage, a centrifugal stage, and a fixed diversion impeller stage in sequence along the flow direction of the dyeing liquid; the creel is fixed in the dyeing cylinder 15, on the creel
  • the yarn rod 20 is hollow, and the bottom of the yarn rod 20 communicates with the dyeing liquid output passage in the dyeing cylinder 15.
  • the bottom of the creel is the creel tray 16, and the creel tray 16 has a hole communicating with the dyeing liquid input channel in the dyeing cylinder 15, throughout Dyeing process
  • the dyeing liquid in the dyeing cylinder 15 does not exceed the creel disk 16, and the bath ratio is less than 1:3.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine further comprises a proportional micro control temperature rise and fall system, the system is connected at one end to a temperature probe disposed in the dyeing cylinder 15, and the other end is connected to the dyeing computer;
  • the yarn machine also includes a progressive feed system that includes a feed tank and a controller disposed at the inlet of the feed tank, the controller being coupled to the dyeing computer.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high-temperature dyeing machine further comprises a high-temperature discharge mixing device, which is disposed at the bottom of the dyeing cylinder 15, and includes a plurality of discharge pots, and the discharge valve is connected with the dyeing computer for intermittently discharging the sewage,
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine further includes a hot water preparation cylinder which is disposed at the water inlet of the dyeing cylinder 15.
  • the ultra-low bath ratio high temperature dyeing machine also includes the following accessories: (1) the feeding barrel is equipped with a reflux mixing system, a half cylinder overflow discharging system; (2) an analog water level control system is added; (3) a stainless steel cheese creel is provided , skein creel, loose hair cage; (4) external display with central control system; (5) preparatory cylinder with transfer pump and jet mixing system and direct heating system; (9) pressure dewatering system.
  • a super low bath ratio high temperature pulse dyeing machine control method is shown in Fig. 9.
  • the time pulse generator in the dyeing computer sends the pulse flow data to the variable frequency motor controller corresponding to the variable frequency motor 2 according to the set process.
  • the variable frequency motor controller controls the rotation speed of the variable frequency motor 2, and the variable frequency motor 2 drives the ultra-low bath ratio three-stage impeller pump 18 to output the pulsating flow of the dye flow; the output dye flow is adaptive according to the ideal reference model in the dyeing computer. Adjustment;
  • the adaptive water level monitoring device gives the water level reference identification information. According to this information, the water level regulator and the variable frequency motor controller respectively adjust the water level and the variable frequency motor 2 to reach the water level and pulse flow required by the set process. .
  • the set process includes boiling, dyeing, and water washing, and the time, temperature, and pulse flow of each stage are set according to the tightness, material, and thickness of the ingot; in the set process, the sewage is set in the cylinder.
  • the bottom discharge valve is discharged, and the dyeing computer controls the discharge pottery to be intermittently opened, and intermittent overflow washing is performed to remove the dirt (such as foam) floating in the upper layer.
  • the boiling and bleaching stage is carried out under the condition of 105-11 CTC, and the waste water is directly discharged at a high temperature. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, it can accelerate the decomposition of impurities and pulp on the cotton yarn and increase the bleaching rate.
  • the use of high temperature direct discharge eliminates the need for cooling and cooling.
  • the rapid bleaching process curve of the cotton yarn of the cheese dyeing machine is shown in Fig. 10.
  • A indicates the stage of water inlet and loading
  • B indicates bleaching at 105 °C for 15 min
  • C indicates high temperature discharge of 90 °C, time is very high.
  • D means neutralization washing stage
  • E means water washing and removal of residual H 2 0 2 stage with enzyme
  • F means final washing stage. It can be seen from the figure that the dye bath is at a higher temperature throughout the entire stage, especially in the C stage using high temperature direct discharge.
  • the motor speed of the dyeing process needs to be between 300-500 / m / min, and the frequency change of the variable frequency motor is fluctuating within the allowable range of the water level.
  • the water washing stage controls the water washing temperature to be between 50 and 10 CTC, and it comprises a positive press water stage, at which stage the pressure in the dyeing tank 15 is increased by the dyeing computer to be used for remaining the yarn after draining.
  • the sewage is squeezed out as much as possible to minimize the water content adsorbed on the cheese yarn.
  • the book reduces the sewage content, improves the washing efficiency, and reduces the water consumption.
  • the dyeing process of cotton yarn is shown in Figure 11, where the positive press water stage is indicated by "0" in the figure. In Figure 11, the different curves that appear at the same time represent process curves for different materials.
  • Fig. 12 is a graph showing the variation of the residual liquid concentration in the rapid washing of the cheese dyeing machine.
  • the pulse current data sent by the time pulse generator changes the frequency of the 5-10 cycles of the frequency conversion motor every minute.
  • the frequency change of the variable frequency motor is caused by fluctuations within the allowable range of the water level.
  • the corresponding temperature process curves are different according to the type of the yarn ingot.
  • the corresponding temperature process curve specifically refers to:
  • a A (t), A 4 ⁇ t) 95, t 3 ⁇ t ⁇
  • is the time of dyeing, and is the value of the temperature that changes with time, and its unit is ° C.
  • the hybrid pressurization system can perform bleaching and dyeing in both full-filled and air-pressurized forms, and the bath ratio can be effectively controlled.
  • the cylinder of the vertical master cylinder is equipped with a pneumatically controlled cylinder head and cylinder lock.
  • the set pressure of the safety relief valve is 4.5X 105MPa. Pneumatic balancing valve between main and auxiliary cylinders for dye recovery
  • the heat exchange coil 17 is placed at the bottom of the master cylinder and is equipped with two wind film type, cylinder type control valves and a steam trap.
  • the creel is fixed base, and the base is made of carbon steel.
  • the dyeing tank is equipped with temperature and pressure sensor to ensure that the cylinder head cannot be opened when the temperature exceeds 80 °C and the pressure exceeds 0.5X105MPa.
  • the cylinder head is equipped with a manual safety interlock to ensure that the cylinder can be opened without pressure and water level below the cylinder head.
  • the mixed flow pump produces a pulse flow of about 10 times /rnin fluctuation cycle alternating pulsating flow, which is enough for the dye solution to fully and evenly penetrate, diffuse and fix the yarn.
  • the advantage of the differential pressure sensing variable frequency control flow system is that if the flow rate due to the pressure difference changes, Then in the case of the same staining procedure, the staining results are also the same. In the case of different dye bath ratios, the same staining results can be achieved with equal dyeing procedures.
  • a creel device of an ultra-low bath ratio dyeing machine includes a sand table 21, a boom 22 and a yarn shaft 23; the boom 22 is fixed by a boom hole seat 26 disposed at the center of the sand table 21.
  • the yarn rod 23 is a hollow cylindrical structure
  • the water drum 27 is disposed in the cylinder body of the yarn shaft 23, and the water drum 27 is a hollow or solid columnar structure, and the yarn rod 23 and the water drum 27 are disposed at the same center.
  • the ratio of the hollow inner diameter of the yarn rod 23 to the outer diameter of the water drum 27 is 10:7-9, and the cylinder of the yarn shaft 23 is uniformly provided with a plurality of water outlet holes 28 on the circumference of the horizontal section of different heights.
  • the center distance of the water outlet holes 28 on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the rod 23 is equal or unequal; the height of the inner cylinder of the yarn rod 23 is l-12 m, and the height of the inner cylinder of the yarn rod 23 is smaller than 3m, preferably, the center spacing of the water outlet holes 28 on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the cylinder of the yarn shaft 23 is equal, and the height of the inner cylinder of the yarn rod 23 is greater than 3 m, preferably the same longitudinal section of the cylinder 23
  • the center spacing of the water outlet holes 28 on the upper two horizontal sections is not equal,
  • the yarn rods 23 are divided into three or five equal parts according to the height of the cylinder book.
  • the center distances of the water outlet holes 28 on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section of the cylinder rod 23 are equal, if The shaft of the yarn shaft 23 is divided into three equal parts according to the height, and is numbered 1, 2, and 3 in order from bottom to top, wherein the first aliquot, the second aliquot, and the third aliquot are on the barrel of the yarn shaft 23
  • the center-to-space ratio of the water outlet holes 28 on the adjacent two horizontal sections on the same longitudinal section is 1.2-1.5:1:0.5-0.8; if the cylinder of the yarn shaft 23 is divided into 5 equal parts according to the height, the order from bottom to top is 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc., wherein the first longitudinal section, the second aliquot, the third aliquot, the fourth aliquot, and the fifth aliquot have the same longitudinal section on the barrel 23
  • the center-to-space ratio of the water outlet holes 28 on the adjacent two horizontal sections is 1.5-1.7: 1.2
  • the upper surface of the sand tray 21 is disc-shaped, and the upper surface of the sand tray 21 is provided with a sand tray water outlet hole 24, a sand tray return water hole 25 and a boom hole seat 26, and the boom hole seat 26 is disposed on the center of the sand table 21, and the yarn rod 23 is fixed on the sand table.
  • the upper surface of the disc outlet hole 24; the lower end of the sand tray is a cavity structure, the bottom end of the sand tray is connected to the center seat of the dyeing machine through a flange, as shown in Fig.
  • the bottom of the lower end of the sand tray is disc-shaped, and the center of the disc is provided
  • the through hole is used for fixing the boom 22
  • the disc is provided with 24 water inlets 30 along two symmetry axes, and the water inlet 31 is adjacent between the two water inlets on the disc, and the four water inlets 30 are evenly distributed with a plurality of sand trays.
  • the holes 24 are connected to form a uniform water inlet passage, and the four water return ports 31 are evenly connected with the plurality of sand tray return holes 5 to form a uniform return water passage.
  • the hollow cylinder of the yarn rod 23 of the present invention is provided with a water drum 27, which may be a hollow or solid columnar structure, and the yarn rod 23 and the water drum 27 are located on the same center line to ensure the yarn rod 23 and the water drum 27
  • the coaxiality, the ratio of the hollow inner diameter of the yarn shaft 23 to the diameter of the water drum 27 is 10:7-9. This design greatly reduces the cross-sectional area of the hollow in the yarn rod.
  • the reduction of the hollow volume in the yarn shaft 23 is advantageous for relatively increasing the actual head of the pipeline and increasing the flow rate of the dye liquor in the yarn rod 23.
  • the actual lift of the dyeing liquid management by the impeller pump reaches 30 meters.
  • the dyeing machine of the present invention has a very small bath ratio.
  • the flow rate of the dye liquor is increased by the cooperation of the three-stage pump, and the number of dye liquor circulations per unit time is increased, so that the dye liquor and the spindle are fully contacted in a short time, and the dyeing is enhanced.
  • the dyeing liquid is directly sprayed on the surface of the spindle under the pressure of 30 meters, with strong penetrating force and large contact area.
  • the flow is washed by the pulse flow, which helps to eliminate the layer color. , so that the machine has a very good yarn dyeing effect.
  • the bottom disc of the creel device of the present invention is provided with four water inlets 30 along two symmetry axes, and the water inlets 31 are adjacent between the two water inlets on the disc, and the four water inlets 30 are evenly connected with the plurality of sand tray water outlets 24, A uniform water inlet passage is formed, and the four water return ports 31 are evenly connected with the plurality of sand tray return holes 25 to form a uniform return water passage.
  • the water inlet passage of the creel device communicates with the water inlet passage of the center seat, and the water return passage of the creel device communicates with the water return passage of the center seat; the return water passage of the center seat communicates with the input end of the axial flow stage;
  • the inlet channel is in communication with the output of the centrifugal stage.
  • the low-pressure dyeing liquid is pressurized from the water outlet hole of the yarn rod 23 through the three-stage impeller pump, and the dyed liquid after flushing enters the return water passage in the sand tray through the water return hole 5 on the sand tray 1, and passes through the bottom of the sand tray.
  • the nozzle 31 flows through the return water passage in the center seat and flows back to the tertiary pump to form a water circulation.
  • the bottom of the creel device of the invention is provided with a four-in and four-out connection channel, and the bottom of the creel book device adopts a four-inlet water four-out water channel design, from the third-stage pump to the dyeing and printing water, and the printing ink after dyeing is returned to the third level.
  • the pump is very smooth, and the water and effluent at the bottom of the sand table are even, the dye liquid flows quickly, the dyeing is uniform, and the color layer is reduced.
  • the yarn rod of the invention has a water drum built therein, and the water outlet hole on the yarn barrel outside the water drum is uneven, and the water outlet hole 28 is designed according to the water pressure difference of the dyeing yarn ingot, from bottom to top, and the yarn rod is high. Where the opening is denser, the overall flow rate of the dyeing liquid from the water outlet 8 in each section is uniform, and uniform dyeing is achieved.
  • the present invention can increase the density of a single package yarn by effectively increasing the pipe head. Tests have shown that the density of a single cotton yarn of cotton can reach 0. 42 g / c 3 , so that the dyeing liquid completely passes between the yarn fibers, rather than passing between the yarns, and the leveling of the entire yarn is Transdermal dyeing is very beneficial.
  • the invention adopts a low specific flow rate and a high lift, relatively reduces the area of the dyeing liquid overflow port of the yarn rod, and increases the package yarn layer, so that the upper and lower package yarns can obtain an equal flow rate. Therefore, in the dyeing of large-capacity cheese yarn, the leveling property of the upper and lower cheese yarns can be better ensured, and the success rate of dyeing can be improved.
  • the application of the technology of the present invention in combination with the three-stage pump can achieve dyeing water level without immersion yarn dyeing, shorten the production cycle, especially to achieve environmental protection, energy saving, high efficiency, and reduce water, electricity, steam, various chemical raw materials. Consumption, shortening the entire process.
  • the water consumption can be reduced by 69% by using the technology of the invention; the electricity consumption can be reduced by 83%; the steam consumption can be reduced by 58%; the auxiliary consumption can be reduced by 57%;
  • the cycle time can be shortened by 2-7 hours (5. 5 hours - 7 hours according to different dyeing time).

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Description

超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机及其高温脉流染纱控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种染纱机, 特别是涉及一种超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机及其高温脉流染纱 控制方法。
背景技术
旧式筒子纱染色机的缺点是浴比大、 耗电大、 用染化料助剂多、 工艺时间长。 一公斤纱 锭需要大于 5公斤水, 实际使用时,说纱锭在湿透水的饱和状态下, 染液浸泡半个纱架。
目前国内染整设备存在如下问题: (1)染整设备效率低、 工艺周期长, I日式染色机每染一 缸布所需时间约为 5-10个小时, 染色周期长, 耗时比国外制造的染整设备长 2〜4个小时。 (2)污染大, 每缸染液需要染料助剂量多。 (3)耗水量大, 旧式溢流染色机每公斤织物的耗水量 大, 比国外制造的染整设备浪费水大约为 47%。 (4) 耗电量大, 旧式染色机每千公斤织物的 耗电量比国外生产的染整设备浪费约 47%。 书
衡量棉纱线染色工艺技术的关键指标, 是通过合理的染色工艺用水量与纱锭质量之比来 确定染色浴比。 染色浴比是衡量染纱机标准水平的一个非常重要指标。 目前对染色机使用浴 比高低来衡量。 旧式筒子纱染色机的浴比通常为 1:5, 简称为低浴比筒子纱染色机, 而浴比低 于 1:3的筒子纱染色机称为超低浴比是生产企业研究的方向。
筒子纱染色与其它高能耗、 高污染行业一样, 节能减排是其未来发展的主要目标。 通过 染色工艺的改进、 染色设备结构性能的提高和设计优化, 降低加工过程中的水、 蒸汽、 电、 染化料消耗, 减少污水排放, 是一条实现节能减排的有效途径。 经过长期的实践应用, 人们 掌握了一些对染色性能有较大影响的参数, 并对其釆取相应的控制方式, 既可满足染色的质 量要求, 又能在一定程度上达到节能减排的效果。 小浴比条件下的染色, 不仅能够节省水和 蒸汽、 减少排放, 而且还可提高活性染料的直接性, 减少污水排放。
主泵是漂染液循环的动力源, 其性能好坏直接关系到漂染效果的好坏, 高温高压筒子纱 循环泵的扬程是筒子纱染色质量非常重要的参数,扬程太小染液不能穿透染缸内的每个纱锭, 染完的纱存在色差和染色不匀, 扬程太大不仅浪费能源, 还会由于染液对纱线的强力冲击致 使纱线表面起毛影响织造效果。 因此, 根据织物工艺需要合理控制扬程参数, 而目前的染纱 机在 1 : 3超低浴比时, 主泵扬程很难满足染色工艺要求。 需要提供一种在超低浴比工艺下仍 能够实现高扬程的三级叶轮泵染纱机。
旧式染色水位只能降低覆盖纱线 20 %--40 %的高程度, 染色周期长而且浪费水、 电、 染 助剂, 造成环境污染。 在纱线暴露在液面之上的情况下, 为了保证筒子染透、 染匀, 必须保 证轴笼、 设备的密封性、 内外压差足够大。 在低水位条件下, 如何保证染液与纱线均匀染色, 单位时间通过纱线的流量, 整个染液确保上染率而不出现空蚀, 克服低水位可能带来的对设 备、 质量、 工艺参数的影响等等都需要投入经费去做研发与论证工作。 发明内容
本发明的主要目的在于克服现有技术的缺点与不足, 提供超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 该发明能够在染纱机中的染液低于纱锭时仍能够满足染纱机所要求的扬程, 从而实现染纱机 的超低浴比, 使染料、 助剂、 能源、 水资源的消耗达到最低, 实现节能减排的目的。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种高温脉流染纱控制方法,在整个染色过程中采用该方法, 水仅仅是作为染料的溶剂和纱锭浸湿的溶剂, 所需的浴比非常低, 达到了超低浴比的状态, 从而使染纱加热所需的热水量、 染色化工染料的消耗量以及排污量降低, 高效的脉流染色缩 短了染色的工艺时间, 亦降低了电耗说。此方法符合生态环保的经济染色四要素——水、能源、 助剂、 时间的最少消耗。
本发明的目的通过以下的技术方案实现: 超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 包括染缸、纱架、 叶轮泵、 热交换盘管, 所述纱架固定在染缸内, 所述纱架上的纱杆中空, 纱杆底部与染缸内 的染液输出通道相通, 纱架底部是纱架盘, 纱架盘上有孔与染缸内的染液输入通道相通, 叶 轮泵设置于整个染缸的下面, 热交换盘管设置于染缸书内的底部, 所述叶轮泵为三级叶轮泵, 其泵轴与内部电机轴同轴连接, 染缸与三级叶轮泵的入口相连; 所述三级叶轮泵沿染液流向 依次包括轴流级、 离心级、 固定导流叶轮级, 即在整个染纱过程中, 染缸内的染液始终不超 过纱架盘, 浴比小于 1:3 (即实现超低浴比, 在整个染纱过程中, 染液始终在纱锭以下, 不浸 泡纱锭)。
所述轴流级和离心级通过同一传动轴依次与电机相连, 所述轴流级和离心级的叶片固定 在传动轴上; 所述染液经过流入通道流入轴流级, 从轴流级流出的染液直接进入离心级的输 入口, 从离心级流出的染液经过固定导流叶轮级后进入流出通道, 所述固定导流叶轮级设置 在离心级输出端与染液流出通道接口处; 所述染液流入和流出的通道相互隔离; 轴流级、 离 心级、 固定导流叶轮级均设置于导流外壳内。
所述三级叶轮泵通过喇叭管与染缸相连, 喇叭管内设有两个独立的腔体作为染液流入通 道和流出通道, 所述染液流入通道内染液的流动方向是从染缸向轴流级流动, 流入通道与轴 流级的输入端相连通; 染液流出通道内的染液方向是从离心级经由固定导流叶轮级后流向染 缸, 流出通道与离心级的输出端相连通。
所述轴流级、 离心级的叶轮外壳与叶轮的两相邻表面, 均呈球形面。 这样保证了叶片在 任何安装角度时, 叶轮外圆与外壳之间有很小的间隙, 以减少回流水量损失。
所述固定导流叶轮片焊接固定在导流外壳上, 固定导流叶轮片与导流外壳紧固于叶轮泵 机座上。 叶轮泵机座、 导流外壳、 离心泵轴承座在叶轮座外壳上是不动的。 固定导流叶轮片 与导流外壳焊接在第一级叶轮泵轴承上, 叶片安装角度与离心泵出水方向相反倾斜 45度, 这 就是固定导流叶轮级在旋转水流冲击下产生第三级的升力扬程作用, 把旋转的水经过固定导 流叶轮片后, 水就改变流动方向, 变成直流水, 这就是固定导流叶轮级的技术特征。
所述轴流叶片与第一级叶轮泵轴承之间, 设有密封圈, 该密封圈内装有铁氟龙 (PTFE) 材料, 以提高泵压差的密封性。 .
所述轴流泵、 离心泵的泵轴与电机轴心通过尼龙销联轴器同轴连接。
所述电机采用卧式变频电机直接传动, 电机借螺栓紧固于电机座上。 在水泵运转时, 其 全部轴向力 (即水泵叶轮上的水压力和全部水泵转子重量之和)均由电机座内装的轴承来承 受。 水泵转子的轴向位移可借传动装置内的螺母来调整, 这样就使整个水泵机组简化, 安装 维修方便可靠。
所述纱架包括沙盘、 吊杆和纱杆; 沙盘上表面为圆盘状, 沙盘下端为空腔结构, 沙盘下 端底部与染纱机的中心座连接, 沙盘说上表面设有沙盘出水孔、 沙盘回水孔和吊杆孔座, 吊杆 孔座设置在沙盘中心上, 纱杆固定在沙盘上表面的盘出水孔中, 纱杆为空心的筒体结构; 纱 杆的筒体内设置有水鼓, 水鼓为空心或者实心的柱状结构, 纱杆与水鼓中心线相同, 纱杆的 空心内径与水鼓外径的比值为 10:7-9, 纱杆的筒体上沿不同高度水平截面的圆周上均勾设有 多个出水孔,纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距相等或者不等。
所述沙盘下端底部为圆盘形, 圆盘中心设有通孔书, 用于固定吊杆, 圆盘沿两对称轴设有 4个进水口, 圆盘上相邻两进水口之间形成 4个回水口, 4个进水口均匀与多个沙盘出水孔连 通, 形成均匀的进水通道, 4个回水口均匀与多个沙盘回水孔连通, 形成均匀的回水通道; 所述纱杆内筒体的高度为 l-12m; 对于纱杆内筒体的高度小于 3m, 纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上 相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距相等。对于纱杆内筒体的高度大于 3m,纱杆筒体上同 一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距不等。
将纱杆筒体按照高度分成 3或 5等份, 每一等份上, 纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水 平截面上的出水孔的中心间距相等, 若将纱杆筒体按照高度分成 3等份, 由下到上顺序编号 为第 1、 2、 3等份, 其中第 1等份、 第 2等份和第 3等份中纱杆 3筒体上同一纵截面上相邻 两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距比值为 1.2-1.5:1:0.5-0.8; 若将纱杆筒体按照高度分成 5等 份, 由下到上顺序编号为第 1、 2、 3、 4、 5等份, 其中第 1等份、 第 2等份、 第 3等份、 第 4等份和第 5等份中纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距比值为 1.5-1.7:1.2-1.4: 1: 0.7-0.9: 0.4-0.6。
所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机还包括自适应水位监测装置、 变频电机和染色电脑, 所述自适应水位监测装置和热交换盘管均设置于染缸的底部, 染缸通过喇叭管与三级叶轮泵 的入口相连, 变频电机与三级叶轮泵相连; 所述三级叶轮泵、 变频电机、 热交换盘管、 自适 应水位监测装置均通过控制器与染色电脑相连。
所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机还包括比例式微量控制升降温系统, 该系统一端与设 置于染缸内的温度探针相连, 另一端与染色电脑相连; 采用该系统可以保证在染纱机工作过 程中染缸内的温度恒定在染色工艺曲线所要求的值, 且可在需升降温时迅速达到指定温度。
所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括渐进加料系统, 该系统包括加料桶和设置于加料缸入口 处的控制器, 该控制器与染色电脑连接; 工作人员可根据设定的工艺曲线, 在染色电脑上对 染料的进量进行控制, 实现渐进加料, 防止瞬间加料过多引起染缸内染液的震荡。
所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机高温排放混流装置, 该装置设置于染缸底部, 其包括 若干个排放阀, 该排放阀与染色电脑相连用于间歇式排放污水。
所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括一个热水预备缸, 该热水预备缸设置于染缸入水口处。 采用该热水预备缸, 可提前准备下一步骤所需的热水量, 节省工艺时间, 弥补工厂水压及蒸 汽压力的波动对染色过程的影响。
本发明另一目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机说的高温脉流染纱控制方法: 染色电脑中的时间脉冲发生 器按照设定的工艺过程发出脉流数据到变频电机对应的变频电机控制器, 由变频电机控制器 控制变频电机的转速, 变频电机驱动超低浴比三级叶轮泵输出脉流式波动的染液流; 输出的 染液流根据染色电脑中的理想参考模型进行自适应调整; 自适应水位监测装置给出水位参考 辨识信息, 根据这一信息水位调节器和变频电机控制器分别对水位和变频电机进行调节, 使 其达到设定工艺过程所要求的水位和脉流。 书
所述煮漂阶段是在 105-11CTC的条件下进行, 废水采用高温直接排放。 在高温高压条件 下能加速分解棉纱线上的杂质和浆料, 提高漂白速率。 采用高温直接排放能省去冷却降温过 程。 相较于常规机器浴比较大 (1:7-1:10), 加热所需的蒸汽量较大, 升温时间长。 漂白后, 还 需花较长时间冷却降温, 才能达到安全排放要求, 既费水又耗时。
所述染色过程电机转速需要在 300-500 /ym/min之间, 在保证循环系统有效染液循环率
90%以上时, 筒子染色机的比流量可以选择在 35L/¾.min以上。 由于按此比流量所选取主 泵的比转数小于 300, 属于高比转数的离心泵, 因此可以减小主泵进、 出口管径, 使得管路 中的存水量减少, 降低染液浴比。
所述水洗阶段控制水洗温度在 50-10CTC之间, 且其包括正压榨水阶段, 在这一阶段通过 染色电脑将染缸内的压力增加到 4-6kg/cm2 用于将排水后仍残留在纱线上的污水尽量挤除, 可以最大限度地降低吸附在筒子纱上的含水量, 降低污水含量, 提高水洗效率, 减少用水量。
所述时间脉冲发生器发出的脉流数据每分钟改变变频电机 5-10次循环脉动频率; 所述染色阶段, 根据纱锭的种类不同其对应的温度工艺曲线也不同, 对于种类为棉、 化 纤和蛋白纤维的纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
(1)种类为棉的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
kl · Al (t), 20 < A^t) < 60, 0 < ^ < 1, ί。 < ί≤ tl
A2(t), A2(t) = 60, tx < t < t2
k2 · A3 (t), 60 < A3(t)≤ 95, 0 < k2 < t2 < t≤ t3
A4 (t), A4(t) = 95, t3 < t≤ t4
-k3 »A5(t), 95 > A5(t)≥ 65, 0 < k3 < 1, t4 < t≤ t5
A6(t), A6(0 = 65, t5 < t≤ t6
-k4 »A7 (t), 60 > A^{t)≥ 20, 0 < 4 < 1, t6 < t≤ t7 (2)种类为化纤的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是 ίΙ
Figure imgf000007_0001
(3)种类为蛋白纤维的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是 ίΙ
k, · A.it), 20 < A^t) < 60, 0 < ^ < 1, ί0 < ί < ^
Figure imgf000007_0002
= 60, < t < t2
k2»A3(t), 60 < ( ≤ 95, 0 < ^2 < 1, t2 <t≤t3 M = A4(r), A4(t) = 95, t3 <t≤t4
Figure imgf000007_0003
< 1, t4 <t≤t5 A6(t), A,( = 65, t5 <t<t6
-k4»A7(t), 60> A7( >20, 0<k4 <l, t6 <t≤t7 其中, /;(0 ( = 1,2,3)是染色温度随染色时间的变化函数, 表示升温或降温系数, ί表 示染色的时间, 是随时间变化升温的变量值, 其单位为 °C。
三级叶轮泵运行原理:
第一级: 轴流级:
轴流级采用不锈钢制成, 由两端轴承支承, 一端由电机直接驱动, 运转过程中, 轴流级 叶轮提供第一级吸附进水起到抽水扬程作用, 与离心级挨着将纱缸回流水抽水给离心级, 由 于泵内充满液体, 离心级叶轮快速转动, 叶轮的叶片驱使液体抽水转动, 液体转动时依靠惯 性向叶轮外缘流去, 同时叶轮从吸入室吸进液体, 在这一过程中, 叶轮中的液体绕流叶片, 在绕流运动中液体作用升力于叶片, 反过来叶片以一个与此升力大小相等、 方向相反的力作 用于液体, 这个力对液体做功, 使液体得到能量而流出叶轮, 这时液体的动能与压能均增大。 在变频电机带动下, 轴流级叶片甩出水运送到离心级的阀口入端全开启时流量增大, 所产生 的水流增力加大, 形成第一级扬程。
第二级: 离心级: 离心级紧挨着轴流级, 轴流级依靠旋转叶轮的翼形叶栅对绕流液体产生的升力来传递能 量给离心级叶轮。 叶轮均经静平衡校正。 离心级原理是通过转子 (叶轮) 高速转动后将低压 流体带动向外甩出到出口汇集挤压, 形成高压流体; 涡流泵是通过涡轮将外部低压流体吸入 到涡轮腔内逐步向中心挤压后形成中间高压导出形成高压流体。离心级是与轴流级同轴连接, 实质是三级叶轮泵的一种类型。 该泵的喷水推进器由进水流道、 叶轮、 导叶体和喷口组成。 泵特性曲线 (扬程- -流量曲线、 效率- -流量曲线、 扬程- -吸口比转速曲线) 反映了泵的运动参 数 (转速、 周向和轴向速度) 的数学模型, 可以度量出泵的性能, 包括能量转换效能、 推进 性能和抗空化性能等。 混合泵采用混说流式喷水推进泵的性能曲线, 包括非空化条件下不同转 速时的扬程- -流量曲线和效率 流量曲线以及空化条件下扬程和效率随吸口比转速变化的修 正函数曲线, 得到该喷水推进器在流速范围内用于求解泵的性能曲线。
第三级: 固定导流叶轮级:
固定导流叶轮级采用不锈钢制造, 叶片用不锈钢做成的叶轮焊接在叶轮座上 (或叶片外 壳), 紧固于叶轮座上, 叶片与叶轮座相邻表面刻有角书度线。 叶片安装角度一般为 45度, 这 个叶片角度与离心级出水方向相反。 导流叶轮泵是紧接着离心级的旋转水流逆行导流, 即水 流是旋转而导叶轮固定, 使到固定导流叶轮级形同一个叶轮泵。 当离心级甩出水流到第三级 后, 水流是旋转的, 导流叶轮是固定在叶轮座的叶轮外壳上, 使到水流冲刷导流叶轮后, 旋 转的水流顺着导流叶轮甩出而达到水流由旋转变成直流到鹅颈套出口, 达到第三级升压提高 升力扬程。
釆用的三级叶轮泵改为高比转数离心泵 (比转数 =200〜300) , 使之特性曲线也发生了变 化。 根据叶片离心泵设计理论, 在流量与功率特性曲线上, 相同条件下离心泵的功率变化比 三级叶轮泵快。 由于现在筒子纱染色机主循环泵电机都采用了交流变频技术,通过转速变化, 在保证泵效率不变的条件下, 可以给出不同的流量和扬程, 所以基于离心泵的流量.功率变化 特点, 可以在不同流量下, 充分降低功率消耗。
离心泵与三级叶轮泵相比, 其流量与效率特性曲线也比较平缓, 在流量变化的范围内, 偏离最高效率点的范围也不大。这对筒子纱在装载变化或者对遇水容易发生溶胀的纤维 (如粘 胶纤维)来说, 在流量变化过程中, 设备始终有较高的工作效率。
本发明采用离心泵加轴流泵的脉动流体动力学原理, 具体是采用了伯努利定律流体动力 学方程。 伯努利定律是研究流体的流动状态、 运动规律、 能量转换以及流体与固体壁面间的 相互作用力等问题的方程, 包括连续性方程、 伯努利方程和动量方程等三大方程, 它们分别 解释了稳流时的质量、 能量及动量的关系与规律。 其中的伯努利方程, 用能量守恒定律解决 了液体的流动问题, 在液体动力学中占据重要地位。 伯努利方程揭示了液体流动过程中的能 量变化规律, 即流动的液体不仅具有压力能和势位能, 而且由于它有一定的流速, 因而还具 有动能。 假定理想液体在管道中作恒定流动 (压力、 流速和密度不变化的流动形式), 得其理 想形式为:
Figure imgf000009_0001
、 1
或 PV +—mv + meh =十旦量
2
、 1 一
或 P + -pv + pgh =恒量
其中: PP P2 过流断面处的压力 (液压传动中压力即为物理学中的压强);
ν, ν2 --过流断面处的流量;
/¾ 过流断面处距基准液面的高度 (取特殊位置水平面作为基准面);
p g --液体的密度和重力加速度说。
此公式的意义为在密闭管道内作恒定流动的理想液体, 其三种形式的能量在流动过程中 可以相互转化, 但各个过流断面上能量之和恒为定值。 实际流动液体因为有粘性, 所以流动 过程中会产生摩擦力, 具有能量损失; 同时油路中管道的尺寸和形状变化都会使液流产生扰 动, 也引起能量损失。 又实际流动液体在过流断面上流速 (单位时间内流过某一过流断面的液 书
体体积)不均匀, 若用平均流速计算, 必然会产生误差, 需要加一个修正系数, 因此, 实际液 体的伯努利方程为:
1 2 1 2
P1 +— aj TVj + pg = P2 +— 2pv2 + pgh2 + Apw 其中: fll、 a2 - 动能修正系数;
Apw - 单位体积液体在两过流断面间流动的能量损失。
在计算液压系统压力、 陶口运动及液体流动过程中能量损失时, 都要用到伯努利方程。 伯努利定律: 理想流体在管子里作稳流时流动速度快的地方静压强小, 流动速度慢的地 方静压强大。
伯努利方程: 理想流体作稳流时它的动能、 势能和压强的总和保持不变。
低浴比染纱有几个关键条件: 比流量、 泵额定压差与比转数, 具体简述如下:
(1)比流量
比流量是主循环泵特性曲线描述, 采用合理的比流量, 可增大主泵扬程, 从而保证纱线 的匀染性和一次染准率, 并提高效率, 降低能耗。 筒子纱染色选择大比流量低转速叶轮泵, 对于大容量筒子纱、 高支高密度筒子纱以及经轴纱等染色, 采用低比流量, 提高扬程, 可以 提高克服纱层穿透阻力的能力, 适合超低浴比染色。
比流量是筒子纱染色技术中重要的技术参数, 它表征在单位时间内穿过每千克纱线的染 液量, 其单位是 L/ . min。 染色工艺过程包括三个基本过程: 吸附、 扩散和固着。 就是在 设定的时间内, 使染料均匀上染并固着在纱线纤维上。 按照染色原理, 被染物纱线与染料必 须不断接触, 才能完成上染的三个基本过程。在这个过程中, 除了以温度来控制上染速率外, 主要是通过染液循环以保证整个被染物 (纱线)的温度均匀性, 以及与染料交换频率均等。 因 此, 比流量在筒子纱染色中起着非常重要的作用,设备主泵流量选取的主要依据就是比流量。 一般认为, 选择较大的比流量有利于提高纱线的匀染性, 但对某些纱会产生毛羽现象; 另外, 单个筒子纱的内、 中、 外色差, 以及层与层之间的色层差与比流量过低有关。
采用低比流量, 超低浴比染色质量会提高, 带来好处如降低主泵转速、 功率, 达到节能、 节水、 节约染色剂、 减少污水排放, 具有较大的实际意义, 具体如下:
a.降低主泵功率, 节省电能。 提高工作效率选择低比流量和高扬程。 采用的混流泵改为 高比转数 (比转数 =200〜300)离心泵。根据叶片离心泵设计理论, 在流量 -功率特性曲线上, 相 同条件下离心泵的功率变化比混流泵快。 由于现在筒子纱染色机主循环泵电机都采用了交流 变频技术, 通过转速变化, 在保证泵说效率不变的条件下, 可以给出不同的流量和扬程, 所以 基于离心泵的流量-功率变化特点, 可以在不同流量下, 充分降低功率消耗。
离心泵与混流泵相比, 其流量-效率特性曲线也比较平缓, 在流量变化的范围内, 偏离最 高效率点的范围也不会太大。这对筒子纱在装载变化或者对遇水容易发生溶胀的纤维 (如粘胶 纤维)来说, 在流量变化过程中, 设备始终有较高的工作效率。
b.主循环管路系统容积减小、 浴比降低采用低比流书量, 主泵在相同总功率条件下, 扬程 相对提高, 可以增大克服纱层穿透阻力的能力。 这样不仅能够充分保证被染物获得均等的上 染几率, 还可以减少循环管路系统的容积, 因为相同功率的离心泵进出口管径一般比混流泵 的小。 优化染机结构设计, 可进一步降低浴比。
c.提高染色的一次成功率采用低比流量、 高扬程后, 可以增大单个筒子纱的密度 (经验表 明, 纯棉单个筒子纱密度可达 0.42 g /cm3, 使得染液完全从纱线纤维之间穿过, 而不是从纱 线之间穿过, 对整个纱线的匀染和透染非常有利。 由于相对提高了主泵扬程, 如果相对减少 纱杆的染液过流口面积, 增加筒子纱层 (在实际应用中最高可达 17层纱), 可使上下层筒子纱 获得均等的流量。 所以在大容量筒子纱染色中, 可更好地保证上下层筒子纱的匀染性, 提高 染色的一次成功率。
改变比流量的方法, 结合不同主循环泵 (离心泵、 混流泵、 轴流泵)特性曲线, 设定合理 的比流量, 相对提高主循环泵扬程, 不仅可以满足大容量筒子纱的染色工艺, 还可通过增大 一般筒子纱 (尤其是纯棉筒子纱)的密度, 提高染色的一次成功率。 此外, 低比流量可提高效 率、 降低能耗。
(2)泵额定压差与比转数关系
泵额定压差是指泵的排出压力与吸入压力之差,表示被送液体经过泵后所获得的能量 (压 力能)增加量。 而压差越大则表示在纱线交换循环的速度越快, 对于染液交换频率更高就更有 利于提高染液的匀染, 而正常传统设备在生产液量下降时完全不能达到低浴比的效果。 越高 的压差对于染色效果越好。
系统中压力降与流体流速的平方成正比公式:
流量 =过流面积 X流速
如果实际生产中能够实现较大的比流量, 单从染色方面考虑, 对匀染性是有利的, 但对 密度较大的纱层 (例如经轴纱的密度一般在 0.48— 0.51 g /cm3 ),或者吸水后溶胀较大的纱线 (例 如粘胶), 则会因为阻力增大而产生很大的压力降。这种压力降必然会使主循环泵特性曲线的 工作点向较高扬程方向移动, 流量也随之下降, 主泵有可能并未在特性曲线上的经济效率范 围内工作。
如果按传统的设计观念, 选择大比流量虽然没有大的泄漏量, 但会因流量大而增大流程 或局部阻力损失, 再加上纱线容量增加而产生的阻力减少, 使得染液循环的整个系统能耗增 加。 在此情况下, 用来克服系统阻力损失的主泵扬程应该达到足够高, 才能保证所需的染液 穿透纱层。 说
主循环泵设计中, 被染物与染液的交换频率主要取决于染液的循环流量, 因此比流量的 选取都比较大, 而对扬程的选取并不重视。 按这个要求, 一般都是选择混流泵, 它的特点是 大流量、低扬程。所以为了保证一定的染液穿过纱层, 不得不将总流量的 30 %— 40 %用于补 充泄漏及纱锭穿透阻力损耗。 因此, 理论计算的比流量并没有反映出实际的比流量。
筒子纱染色机结构的不断改进, 提高了循环染液书的利用率, 可以不考虑曾经作为补偿泄 漏的那部分流量, 提高系统总体所需的扬程。 这样不仅可以满足容量增加而产生系统阻力所 需的能耗, 同时减少了管路循环系统空间, 提高了主循环泵的使用效率。
在保证循环系统有效染液循环率 90 %以上时, 筒子染色机的比流量可以选择在 35 L/^ . min以上。 由于按此比流量所选取主泵的比转数小于 300, 属于高比转数的离心泵, 因 此可以减小主泵进、 出口管径, 使得管路中的存水量减少, 降低染液浴比。 比转数由下面经 验公式给出:
Figure imgf000011_0001
比转数低于 300具有离心泵功能, 高于 300属于混合泵, 高过 500以上属于轴流泵。 采用本发明的染纱机的原理是纱锭放进纱架固紧, 通过控制电机转速带动三级叶轮泵喷 射到纱架, 染液经过纱架喷射到纱锭流出纱层循环回纱缸体内, 将染液经过三级叶轮泵提升 染液到 30米扬程压力, 达到筒子纱染色比流量, 染色液体以高速脉流单方向喷射到纱锭, 并 完成染料对纱锭的上染过程。 在整个染色过程中, 水仅仅是作为染料的溶剂和纱锭浸湿的溶 剂。 因此, 所需的浴比非常低。 本发明应用于超低浴比染纱机, 使染纱机具有如下优点: ( 1 )节省染料和助剂
采用本发明的脉流染纱与普通溢流或喷射染纱的最大不同, 就是其能在非常低的浴比 ( 1 : 3以下) 条件下实现染纱。 这种低浴比染纱条件会带来染料对纱锭上染率的变化, 如: 在活性染料染纱时, 染料的直接性随着染纱浴比的降低而提高, 使染料对促染剂(如元明粉、 食盐等电解质) 的依存性降低, 上染率提高, 从而较少的固色剂 (碱剂)就可以获得较高的 固色率, 而固色剂的减少, 又可以减少染料的水解。 因此, 为了控制染料的上染速率, 宜使 用直接性较低的活性染料。 (2) 实现纱锭与染液的匀染
在少水浴比过程中, 必须通过纱锭与染液足够的交换次数, 才能完成染料上染的, 脉流 染纱也是依靠这种方式来实现染料对纱锭的上染。 显然, 单位时间内纱锭与染液的交换次数 越多越有利于匀染和縮短染纱时间。 脉流染纱浴比低染液, 循环频率高且纱锭带液量低可使 运行速度较快纱锭与染液高频率的交换利于匀染。 在适宜的染色工艺支持下, 脉流染纱可以 实现快速染纱。 该发明是水不浸泡纱锭, 染液对纱锭不存在阻力, 使纱锭染色具有更优势上 染效果, 而且带来省水节电等一系列好处。
(3)脉流喷射纱锭循环频率提高说
普通溢流或喷射染纱设备染纱时, 纱锭的运行速度由染液喷射量来决定, 染液喷射量的 降低会使纱锭运行速度变慢, 且进一步影响纱锭与染液的交换频率。 而脉流染纱时, 纱锭循 环是靠脉流牵引, 染液的循环频率可以根据工艺的需要独立控制, 改变染液量, 并不会影响 纱锭的循环频率。
(4) 染料上染纱锭提高吸附、 扩散和固着 书
染纱过程包括染料的吸附、 扩散和固着三个基本过程, 其中固着过程时间较长, 而染料 的吸附和扩散过程与染液和纱锭的相对运动有关。 由流体动力学可知, 液体的运动黏度随温 度的升高而降低, 而脉流的运动黏度却随温度的升高而提高。 对于脉流染纱, 随温度升高, 染液运动黏度的降低和气体运动黏度的提高, 更有利于打破吸附和扩散边界层的动态平衡, 使该边界层厚度变薄, 利于染料向纤维内部迁移, 从而缩短染纱时间。 与此同时, 两种流体 运动黏度的变化, 还为提高纱锭的运行速度提供了条件。 也就是说, 在循环流量不变的情况 下, 脉流黏度的增加提高了其对纱锭的附着力, 使纱锭运行速度加快, 更有利于染料对纱锭 的均匀上染。
(5)温度保证染纱匀染
由于脉流染纱浴比较低, 且储纱架体内纱锭及其吸附的染液与自由染浴 (循环染浴) 处 于分离状态, 所以染纱纱锭经过脉流时的温度总是要高于纱缸体内纱锭的温度, 尤其在快速 升温至 130 °C时, 两者的温差可达 10 °C左右。 脉流染纱上染过程中纱锭的均匀性, 通常通 过控制纱缸底部热交换盘管使到染液补充温度, 使升温速率及纱锭的循环温度速率来实现。 因此, 控制纱锭与染液快速交换, 既能保证染料匀染, 又使纱锭获得均匀的温度染纱。
脉流染纱属于超低浴比过程, 由于其结构特点, 表现出与普通溢流或喷射染纱不同的特 征:
( 1 )低浴比对染料和助剂的影响
脉流染纱与普通溢流或喷射染纱的最大不同, 就是其能在非常低的浴比 (1: 3以下) 条 件下实现染纱。 然而, 这种低浴比染纱条件带来染料对纱锭上染率的变化。 如在活性染料染 纱时, 染料的直接性随着染纱浴比的降低而提高, 使染料对促染剂 (如元明粉、 食盐等电解 质) 的依存性降低, 上染率提高, 较少的固色剂 (碱剂) 就可以获得较高的固色率, 而固色 剂的减少, 又可以减少染料的水解。 因此, 为了控制染料的上染速率, 宜使用直接性较低的 活性染料。
(2) 纱锭与染液的快速交换
在超低浴比过程中, 必须通过纱锭与染液足够的交换次数, 才能完成染料上染的, 脉流 染纱也是依靠这种方式来实现染料对纱锭的上染。 根据 Beckmann的理论, 喷射染色的最佳 上染速率为:
Vg {t) = K^ l{t) Q{t)dt
J( ) = F[I(tf ), tf说] + jtf L[I(t)jQ{t), t]dt → 0
式中: —上染速率; 是纱 ¾系数;
I(t)—纱锭每循环一圈染料的上染率;
Q(t)——纱锭染液能耗最小, 循环染色频率最小;
/(·)——最佳上染纱锭的时间 tf最小。
显然, 单位时间内纱锭与染液的交换次数越多越有利于匀染和缩短染纱时间。 脉流染纱 浴比低染液, 循环频率高且纱锭带液量低可使运行速度较快纱锭与染液高频率的交换利于匀 染。 在适宜的染色工艺支持下, 脉流染纱可以实现快速染纱。
(3)脉流牵引的纱锭循环方式
普通溢流或喷射染纱设备染纱时, 纱锭的运行速度由染液喷射量来决定, 染液喷射量的 降低会使纱锭运行速度变慢, 且进一步影响纱锭与染液的交换频率。 而脉流染纱时, 纱锭循 环是靠脉流牵引, 染液的循环频率可以根据工艺的需要独立控制, 改变染液量, 并不会影响 纱锭的循环频率。
(4) 染料上染纱锭的变化
染纱过程包括染料的吸附、 扩散和固着三个基本过程, 其中固着过程时间较长, 而染料 的吸附和扩散过程与染液和纱锭的相对运动有关。 由流体动力学可知, 液体的运动黏度随温 度的升高而降低, 而脉流的运动黏度却随温度的升高而提高。 对于脉流染纱, 随温度升高, 染液运动黏度的降低和气体运动黏度的提高, 更有利于打破吸附和扩散边界层的动态平衡, 使该边界层厚度变薄, 利于染料向纤维内部迁移, 从而縮短染纱时间。 与此同时, 两种流体 运动黏度的变化, 还为提高纱锭的运行速度提供了条件。 也就是说, 在循环流量不变的情况 下, 脉流黏度的增加提高了其对纱锭的附着力, 使纱锭运行速度加快, 更有利于染料对纱锭 的均匀上染。
(5)温度分纱的差异
由于脉流染纱浴比较低, 且储纱架体内纱锭及其吸附的染液与自由染浴 (循环染浴) 处 于分离状态, 所以染纱纱锭经过脉流时的温度总是要高于纱缸体内纱锭的温度, 尤其在快速 升温至 13CTC时, 两者的温差可达 1CTC左右。 脉流染纱上染过程中纱锭的均匀性, 通常通过 控制纱缸底部热交换盘管使到染液补充温度, 使升温速率及纱锭的循环温度速率来实现。 因 此, 控制纱锭与染液快速交换, 既能保证染料匀染, 又使纱锭获得均匀的温度染纱。
冲击式脉流染色可在低浴比下进行, 染液不浸泡纱锭, 大大减少染料的助剂用量, 纱锭 与染液由于不浸泡在水中, 减少了纱锭渗透阻力, 加快染色交换速度, 利于匀染和縮短染纱 时间, 电机转速泵水牵引染液冲洗纱锭循环, 使纱锭和染液的循环频率可由电机转速控制, 这就是冲击式脉流染色原理。 脉流由计算机按照随机信号发出 "时间脉冲发生器"产生, 每 分钟改变电机 5-10次循环波动频率, 这个频率变化是在水位允许范围内产生波动。 由染色工 艺给出理想参考模型 (水位调节规律) 与变频电机控制转速驱动超低浴比三级叶轮泵输出脉 流(水泵出水), 水位监测水的警戒线说给出水位参考辨识, 调节变频电机转速达到染色工艺的 冲击脉流。制定染色工艺时, 要充分考虑工艺参数(如温度、 时间和浴比等), 纱锭与染液的 相对运动, 以及染液温度和浓度的均匀性等脉流染色中的关键因素, 以使纱锭受控染色, 保 证良好的染色质量。 脉流染色设备的结构与旧式溢流或喷射染色有较大差异, 由于设备性能 与染色工艺的相适应性, 设备本身的结构设计, 以及染色过程的控制问题等, 在过去一段时 间内, 脉流染色产品存在一些不尽人意的质量问题得书到本专利设计改进而解决。 通过几个关 键技术改进, 采用与脉流染纱设备相适应的染色工艺, 并通过先进的染色控制技术监控染色 过程, 才能保证 "具有超低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机"染色质量的保证。
所述本发明与现有工艺技术相比, 具有如下的特点:
( 1 )超低浴比高温染纱机脉流控制方法采用脉流染色机控制流程, 可配合一浴法染色工 艺, 更有效地缩短深色染色工艺时间到 6-7小时。 浅色比原来缩小 1-2小时。
( 2)脉流是可调节流量的脉动流速。
( 3)超低浴比三级叶轮泵转速比流量稳定。
(4)配备的预备缸可提前准备下一步骤所需的热水量, 节省工艺时间, 弥补工厂水压及 蒸汽压力的波动对染色过程的影响。
( 5) 内置储纱架可减少缸内压力泄漏的机会。
(6)染棉浴比低至 1 : 3, 极低的耗水量。 降低排污成本、 提高一次性成功率及重现性。 (活性染料染纯棉每吨耗水在 22-45吨, 而旧式脉流染色机每吨纱的耗水量在 120-150吨)。 减少染助剂和蒸汽耗量。
( 7)无需改造和改变设备,各种重量的针纱锭和纺纱锭及其纤维的混纺物都可以进行漂 白和染色。
(8) 高温排放、 喷淋、 快开盖、 水洗装置等配备大大地提高了生产效率。
旧式溢流染色与低浴比染色参数对比见下表。
Figure imgf000014_0001
耗水量 (一吨纱锭用水量) 22-45 80-120 耗电量 (千瓦 *小时 /吨纱锭) 308-420 1600-2400 耗蒸汽量 (吨汽染 /吨纱锭) 0.8-1.3 2-4.16
染料 (元 /吨纱锭) 940-1800 960-2330 助剂 (元 /吨纱锭) 90-250 450-800 从表 1可以看出, 脉流染色的效率明显优于溢流染色, 水和汽能耗远低于溢流染色, 而 耗电比溢流染色少。 由于脉流染色采说用交流变频控制水泵流量, 加工中厚以下纱锭, 流量仅 为额定的 80%, 将缩短的加工时间考虑进去, 实际总的耗电费用并没有明显增加。 耗水量和 染化料降低, 排污量减少, 保护环境。 脉流技术提高染纱质量, 超低浴比染纱技术与旧式的 溢流染色机有很大的不同。 由于水位在纱架下面, 水洗可以在超低浴比染色工艺过程中叶轮 泵不停的连续水洗和染色, 节省了入水和排水时间。 水洗时, 主缸始终保持不浸泡筒子纱, 并控制水洗温度在 50-100°C之间,使纱线保持膨胀,以书加速未固着的染料从纤维内向外扩散。 随着污水的连续排放, 残余染浴被连续稀释。 由于水洗系统可加速清水和污水之间的交换, 水洗效率得以提高, 水洗时间缩短, 水、 电和蒸汽的消耗量也得以降低。 从设备性价比来考 虑, 脉流染色表现出的诸多优势非溢流染色能及。
在染色上, 本发明与现有技术相比, 具有如下几个关键技术改进。
( 1 ) 离心泵加轴流泵 (脉流混合泵) 的改进
离心泵加轴流泵(脉流混合泵)的改进采用三级叶轮泵实现对染色过程的自动水位控制, 可以根据染色工艺需要自动设置水位高度。
(2) 染缸水位器监测改进
该技术通过染缸安装的由电脑控制的水位控制器使得包括前处理、 染色、 染色后处理及 洗水工序的染色全过程均采用低水位, 即水位在纱架的下面没有浸泡纱线, 没在染液中或水 液中的水位, 染缸主泵的运行方向由内到外的单向循环 (IN-OUT)。
(3)工艺结构改进
新型节水节能环保纱线染色技术要求松纱松出的纱必须密度均匀、 成型良好; 简管、 纱 笼密封性良好; 染色时染液充分循环; 温度、 流量、 压力的参数控制在规定范围之内。 为了 保证纱线牢度在染色后排水、 皂洗后排水时需要采用压力排放来充分排净纱线中的残留的含 染料与电解质浓度较高的水。
(4)研究开发过程对各工艺参数进行了优化以保证染色生产过程的稳定, 具体如下: 染色 过程产生泵速需要在 300-500 /pm/ min之间; 压力排水所用的压力需要在 4-6 / cm2之间; 浴比要求控制在 1 : 2.5-1: 3之间; 比流量 (单位时间经过单位重量纱线的水量)要求控制在 35 L g . min之间。 本发明与现有技术相比, 具有如下优点和有益效果:
1、本发明采用三级叶轮泵串联的形式能够达到所要求的扬程, 且分别克服轴流泵和离心 泵的缺点, 结合二者的长处, 使能够在浴比很小, 水位只是在纱架之下时, 仍能够达到设定 的比流量, 纱锭在染色机中快速循环, 避免了在低浴比条件下, 纱锭易产生层色差的现象。 由于纱锭所含的染液相对较少(储纱架内的纱锭和筒子纱缸染液是分离的),所以即使在高温 高压染色条件下, 也不会对纱锭产生过大的张力, 特别是对敏感纱锭(如含氨纶弹力类纱锭) 的湿加工, 提供了有利条件。 纱锭在高温高压染色和低浴比染液的快速循环, 提高了染色过 程中纱锭与染液的交换频率, 有利于说比流量筒子纱染色表面积、 上染速率快的超细纤维纱锭 的匀染。 除此之外, 纱锭与染液的脉流快速交换频率, 伴随着脉流冲洗作用, 在酶处理 (如 酶退浆、 酶煮漂、 酶抛光)和原纤维的纤化等工艺中, 对加快处理液的反应速度和提高处理 效果, 起到了很重要的作用。
2、本发明实现了超低浴比。 由于采用脉流作为驱动纱锭染色的动力, 使"具有超低浴比 的三级叶轮泵染纱机"可以用最少量的染液进行染色书, 染色时的浴比非常小。 使用 "具有超 低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机"染纯棉纱锭的浴比为 1: 3, 染纯涤纱锭的浴比为 1: 2.5。 由于 浴比小, 染液不浸泡水, 循环染液渗透纱锭速度快, 染液阻力少, 纱锭在很短的时间内与染 液多次交换, 提高了染液与纱锭之间的交换频率, 因此可得到更高的染色重现性和一次染色 成功率高。 超浴比对染色工艺成功染色质量及重现性的效果好。 由于浴比小, 三级叶轮泵染 色机与旧式的液流脉流染色机相比, 降低了工艺过程总的耗水量, 并且具有较低的染化料消 耗, 较低的污水排放量。
以染 1吨棉纱为例, "具有超低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机"与旧式液流染色机在水、 电、 蒸汽及污水处理方面的成本消耗对比见表 1。 由于浴比小, 染色过程中主缸内没有水, 也就 是说纱锭没有浸在染液中, 染液的液位低于纱锭, 因此, 纱锭在提升的过程中不附带过多的 染液、 重量较轻, 即使在进入脉流前有很高的加速度, 纱锭也能在低张力下高温高压染色, 不容易擦伤。 同时, 纱锭在脉流中主要是靠脉流的, 与液流相比, "具有超低浴比的三级叶轮 泵染纱机"脉流对纱锭的作用是比较柔和的, 降低了纱锭运行过程中的张力。
表 2超低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机与旧式溢流染色机优缺点比较:
Figure imgf000016_0001
耗电量为 0.69-1.12千瓦时 /每公斤纱。 耗电量比旧式减少 83% 染纱质量:与旧式脉流染色机的原理没有 折痕解决了色面的折痕、 管差毛头等问 什么区别, 层色的差异、管差、色牢度等问题 题, 且色牢度达到 ISO14000的国际标准。 没能得到彻底的解决。
3、 本发明中的密封圈均采用铁氟龙橡胶圈 (PTFE)密封。 在旧式的液流脉流染色机中, 染液通过叶片泵旋转产生染液推力流动, 染液将染液喷洒在纱锭上, 使纱锭与染液接触并获 得循环运动的动力, 纱锭的运行主要靠染液与纱锭之间的摩擦(染液将动能传递给纱锭)。 由 于液流的密度较大, 在与纱锭连续的说摩擦过程中, 对纱锭产生很大的冲击力, 会造成纤维的 断裂和起球, 影响纱锭的外观。 在加工紧密纱锭时, 染液传递到纱锭上的力会造成经纱的位 移而破坏组织结构, 影响被加工纱锭的档次。
在 "具有超低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机 "中, 高速染液进入纱架后流出, 染液与纱锭经 纱架导流孔后直接喷在纱锭表面, 渗透力强、 接触面积大而且均匀。 纱锭密度较低, 在高速 脉流冲洗下, 使纱锭获得极佳的染色效果。 书
具有超低浴比的三级叶轮泵由于采用了铁氟龙密封,减小了叶轮与导流壳体之间的摩擦, 为纱锭提供了更舒适的处理环境, 即使纱在高速下运行也不会磨损纱面。 同时, 纱锭在高速 脉流中充分展开并抖动, 在循环过程中不断改变脉流状态, 由此保证纱锭的匀染性, 减少了 出现折痕的机会, 可以解决液流脉流染色机难以解决的细皱纹问题, 提高了纱锭的加工质量 和产品档次。
4、本发明具有超低浴比的三级叶轮泵染纱机水耗量减少了 69% , —公斤纱只需要 3公斤 水, 耗电量减少 83%, 工艺时间从原来的 7.5-8.0小时减少到 6-8小时, 比旧式染色时间縮短 1-2小时, 蒸汽耗量减少 58%, 染色助剂耗量减少 57%。 染纱工艺增加了脉动流体染色过程, 使纱锭质量减少了单个筒子纱的内、 中、 外色差, 以及层与层之间的色差, 故纱面的管差、 色牢度等问题得到解决, 提高纱线的勾染性。 对于旧式染纱机, 总耗水量 2.5-3公斤水 /每公 斤纱。
5、本发明主要是采用离心泵加轴流泵(三级叶轮泵)的脉动流体动力(脉流)染色技术。 其原理是通过控制电机转速带动三级叶轮泵喷射到纱架, 纱锭放进纱架固紧, 染液经过纱架 喷射到纱锭流出纱层循环回纱缸体内,将染液经过三级叶轮泵提升染液到 30米扬程压力,达 到筒子纱染色比流量, 染色液体以高速脉流单方向喷射到纱锭, 并完成染料对纱锭的上染过 程。 在整个染色过程中, 水仅仅是作为染料的溶剂和纱锭浸湿的溶剂。 因此, 所需的浴比非 常低。 浴比的降低, 意味着染纱加热所需的热水、 染色化工染料的消耗以及排污的降低, 高 效的脉流染色缩短了染色的工艺时间, 亦降低了电耗。 脉流染色工艺符合生态环保的经济染 色四要素——水、 能源、 助剂、 时间的最低消耗。
6、本发明纱杆的空心筒体设置有水鼓, 水鼓可为空心或者实心的柱状结构, 纱杆与水鼓 位于同一条中心线上, 以保证纱杆和水鼓的同轴度, 纱杆的空心内径与水鼓直径的比值为 10:7-9。这样的设计极大的缩小了纱杆内空心的截面积,一方面非常有利于减少染液在纱杆中 所占的体积, 使得出水口的水路占染印水路的体积比大为减少, 有利于减少水浴比; 另一方 面, 在同样的主泵功率下, 纱杆中空心体积减少有利于相对提高管路实际扬程, 并提高染液 在纱杆中流速。超低浴比染纱机比流量公式与截面积成正比: 流量 =过流面积 X流速, 因而减 少纱杆中空腔截面积有利于提高染液在纱杆内的流速, 相对容易使经过三级叶轮泵作用的染 液管理实际扬程达到 30米。
7、 本发明与旧式液流染色机截然不同的是, 染色回流的水不浸泡纱锭, 水位只是在纱 架之下。 因此, 本发明的染纱机的浴说比非常小。 纱杆中空心体积减少后, 在三级泵的配合下 有利于染液流速的增加, 单位时间内染液循环的次数增加, 使染液与纱锭在很短的时间内充 分接触, 增强染印效果。 同时, 染液在 30米量程压力下直接喷在纱锭表面, 渗透力强、接触 面积大, 再加上纱锭循环过程中, 由于高速脉流的作用, 脉流冲洗纱锭, 有助于消除层色, 使得该机具有非常好的染纱效果。
8、本发明纱架装置底部圆盘沿两对称轴设有 4个书进水口, 圆盘上相邻两进水口之间为回 水口, 4个进水口均匀与多个沙盘出水孔连通, 形成均匀的进水通道, 4个回水口均匀与多个 沙盘回水孔连通, 形成均匀的回水通道。 纱架装置的进水通道与中心座的进水通道连通, 纱 架装置的回水通道与中心座的回水通道连通; 中心座的回水通道与轴流级的输入端相连通; 中心座的进水通道与离心级的输出端相连通。 低压染液经过三级叶轮泵加压从纱杆中的出水 孔冲出冲洗纱锭, 冲洗后的染液经沙盘上的回水孔进入沙盘中的回水通道, 经沙盘底部的回 水口流经中心座中的回水通道, 再流回三级泵, 形成用水循环。 本发明纱架装置底部设有四 进四出连接通道, 由于纱架装置底部采用四进水四出水通道设计, 从三级泵到染印出水, 以 及染印后的印液回流到三级泵非常顺畅, 且沙盘底部进水与出水均匀, 染液流动快, 染色均 勾, 减少色层差。
9、本发明纱杆内置水鼓, 水鼓外侧的纱杆筒体上的出水孔是不均匀的, 是按照染色纱锭 出水压力差而设计的出水孔位置, 由下往上, 越到纱杆高处, 开孔越密, 以保证每一段中从 出水孔出来的染液总体流量均匀, 实现均匀染印。
10、 本发明改变了旧式溢流染色以循环染液染色纱锭的方式, 通过利用高速脉流来染色 纱锭运行, 使纱与水之比少于 1 : 3, 染纱采用脉动流速与纱锭接触获得脉动循环动力, 从而 大大降低了染纱水浴比, 较好地解决了旧式的筒子纱染色机所存在的浴比大、 能耗高、 排污 量大等问题。 纱锭在混流泵染色机中快速循环, 避免了在低浴比条件下, 纱锭易产生内外层 色差的色花现象。由于纱锭所含的染液相对较少(储纱架内的纱锭和筒子纱缸染液是分离的), 所以即使在高温高压染色条件下, 也不会对纱锭产生过大的张力, 也不会产生对纤维组织损 伤, 特别是对敏感纱锭 (如含氨纶弹力类纱锭) 的湿加工, 提供了有利条件。 纱锭在高温高 压染色和低浴比染液的快速循环, 提高了染色过程中纱锭与染液的交换频率, 有利于比流量 筒子纱染色表面积、 上染速率快的超细纤维纱锭的匀染。 除此之外, 纱锭与染液的脉流快速 交换频率, 伴随着脉流冲洗作用, 在酶处理 (如酶退浆、 酶煮漂、 酶抛光) 和原纤维的纤化 等工艺中, 对加快处理液的反应速度和提高处理效果, 起到了很重要的作用。
11、 本发明使染料、 助剂、 能源、 水资源消耗达到最低。 水耗量减少了 69 %, 污水排放 量减少了 69%, 电耗量减少了 83 % , 蒸汽耗量减少了 58 % , 助剂耗量减少了 57 % , 染工艺 时间从原来的 7.5-14.5小时减少到 5.5-8.0小时, 比旧式染色时间縮短 6小时。 同时混流泵使 染液在纱锭染色循环产生脉动流体动力效应, 提高了染液与纱锭之间的染色交换频率。
12、 染纱工艺增加了脉动流体染色过程, 使纱锭质量减少了单个筒子纱的内、 中、 外色 差, 以及层与层之间的色差, 固纱面说的、 管差、 色牢度等问题得到解决, 提高纱线的匀染性。
13、 纱线染色完成后, 需要把染色留下来的电解质盐碱去掉, 工艺进行多次(至少 3次) 水洗, 吸光度值在刚染色完时, 纱线表面遗留盐碱使到表面光亮度差, 吸光度值为 1.5%, 加 酸洗后, 30分钟吸光度值下降到 0.5%, 由于残留电解质, 需要加皂液清洗, 60分钟后吸光 度值大约 0.7%, 再经过几次清水洗后, 吸光度值接近 0值, 采用超低浴比 1 : 3工艺可以实 现快速过程染色, 因为纱缸水位不浸泡纱锭, 无需放水书, 节约水的同时也节约工艺时间, 旧 式染纱机每次放水大约 5-10分钟, 超低浴比工艺只需要 1分钟, 染一缸纱需要十多次换水过 程, 节约水。
14、 聚酯纤维在高温染色过程中 (通常在 130°C ) 会析出低聚物, 如果不排除, 则降温 后会沉积在纱锭上或沾污设备, 因此,应尽可能在高温条件下(100°C以上)排除这些低聚物, 这样可以节省时间, 有效地提高效率。 由于本发明釆用液体流速作为纱锭染色, 所以染色结 束, 进行高温排放并不影响纱锭的运行。 高温排放缩短了染色周期, 有效地排除了低聚物, 提高了纱锭的色牢度。 利用热回收综合系统还可将余热回用。 采取的措施是:将高温排放的染 液由泵抽入到装有热交换盘管的收集罐中, 将收集罐中的冷水预热, 预热后的水注入预备缸 中, 节约了预备缸中的水升温所需的蒸汽, 达到了节约能源的目的。
15、 工艺的总耗水量不是由染色过程浴比决定的, 而是由水洗工艺决定的。 三级叶轮泵 染色机采用喷淋连续水洗技术。 在水洗过程中, 排水阀始终处于开启状态。 通过喷射系统将 清水喷向纱锭,与纱锭交换后的污水直接排放, 未上染的浮色不经循环就直接被稀释并排放, 不会造成二次污染, 省去了旧式染色机浸浴式水洗进水及排水时间, 省水、 省时、 效率高, 大大提高了纱锭的色牢度。
16、 本发明适应纱锭品种范围广。 本发明的染纱机与旧式染纱机不同之处是纱锭不浸泡 水。 因此, 高温脉流染色能适用于一般液流染色所能加工的一切纱锭品种。 对于那些微细和 超细纤维纱锭, 由于其表面积大、 吸收染料快, 染液流速较低时纱锭很容易染色。 液流染色 由于液流速度的限制, 不可能提高很快,所以比表面积大的纱锭在液流染色中是很难做好的。 而在脉流染色中, 脉流既可以达到很高的速度, 又对纱锭损伤很小, 纱锭在高速脉流的下形 成很高的速度 (最高染液流速为 700m/min:), 可以保证在非常短的时间内与染液充分接触, 以此达到匀染。 而且对其他高档纱锭, 仿貂皮绒和仿鹿皮纱锭等均有很好的匀染性和非常好 的手感。 应用 "超低浴比三级叶轮泵的染纱机"可显著降低用水量及染化料、 蒸汽的消耗, 减少污水排放量。 适应纱锭品种范围广, 特别对一些高密度的纱锭进行染色时, 可以克服液 流脉流染色机难以解决的细皱纹问题。
附图说明
图 1是本发明超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机的整体结构示意图;
图 2是本发明装置中三级叶轮泵的主剖视图;
图 3是本发明装置中轴流级和离心级的正面结构示意图;
图 4是图 3所示装置的侧视图;说
图 5是本发明装置中固定导流叶轮片的结构示意图;
图 6是本发明装置中固定导流叶轮级外壳的主视图;
图 7是图 6所示装置的侧视图;
图 8是图 7中的 A-A剖视图;
图 9是本发明方法的冲击式脉流染色原理方框图;书
图 10是筒子纱染色机棉纱线快速漂白工艺曲线;
图 11是棉纱线的染色工艺过程;
图 12是筒子纱染色机快速水洗时残液浓度变化曲线;
图 13是本发明方法中待染纱锭为棉时的工艺曲线图;
图 14是本发明方法中待染纱锭为化纤时的工艺曲线图;
图 15是本发明方法中待染纱锭为蛋白纤维时的工艺曲线图;
图 16为本发明超低浴比染纱机的纱架装置的结构示意图;
图 17为图 16纵剖面图;
图 18为超低浴比染纱机的纱架装置下部的结构示意图;
图 19为图 18中的 A-A向截面图;
图 20为图 18中的 B-B向截面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作进一步详细的描述, 但本发明的实施方式不限于此。 实施例 1
如图 1所示, 超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 包括染缸 15、 纱架、 叶轮泵 18、 热交换盘管 17, 所述纱架固定在染缸 15内, 所述纱架上的纱杆 20中空, 纱杆 20底部与染缸 15内的染 液输出通道相通, 纱架 20底部是纱架盘 16, 纱架盘 16上有孔与染缸 15内的染液输入通道 相通, 叶轮泵 18设置于整个染缸 15的下面, 热交换盘管 17设置于染缸内的底部, 所述叶轮 泵 18为三级叶轮泵, 其泵轴与内部电机轴同轴连接, 染缸 15与三级叶轮泵 18的入口相连; 所述三级叶轮泵 18沿染液流向依次包括轴流级、 离心级、 固定导流叶轮级, 染缸 15内的染 液始终不超过纱架盘 16,浴比小于 1:3。采用本发明的染纱机的原理是纱锭 19放进纱架固紧, 通过控制电机 2转速带动三级叶轮泵 18喷射到纱架,染液经过纱架喷射到纱锭流出纱层循环 回纱缸体内,将染液经过三级叶轮泵 18提升染液到 30米扬程压力,达到筒子纱染色比流量, 染色液体以高速脉流单方向喷射到纱锭 19, 并完成染料对纱锭 19的上染过程。 在整个染色 过程中, 水仅仅是作为染料的溶剂和纱锭浸湿的溶剂。 因此, 所需的浴比非常低。 浴比的降 低, 意味着染纱加热所需的热水、 染色化工染料的消耗以及排污的降低, 高效的脉流染色缩 短了染色的工艺时间,亦降低了电耗说。脉流染色工艺符合生态环保的经济染色四要素——水、 能源、 助剂、 时间的最低消耗。
如图 2所示, 所述轴流级和离心级通过同一传动轴依次与电机 2相连, 所述轴流级的轴 流叶片 11和离心级的离心叶片 9固定在传动轴上, 这里具体指泵轴 6; 所述染液经过流入通 道流入轴流级, 从轴流级流出的染液直接进入离心级的输入口, 从离心级流出的染液经过固 定导流叶轮级后进入流出通道, 所述固定导流叶轮级设书置在离心级输出端与染液流出通道接 口处; 所述染液流入和流出的通道相互隔离; 轴流级、 离心级、 固定导流叶轮级均设置于导 流外壳 10内。
所述三级叶轮泵 18通过喇叭管 13与染缸 15相连, 喇叭管 13内设有两个独立的腔体作 为染液流入通道和流出通道, 所述染液流入通道内染液的流动方向是从染缸 15 向轴流级流 动, 流入通道与轴流级的输入端相连通; 染液流出通道内的染液方向是从离心级经由固定导 流叶轮级后流向染缸 15, 流出通道与离心级的输出端相连通。
如图 3所示, 所述轴流级、 离心级的叶轮外壳与叶轮的两相邻表面, 均呈球形面。 这样 保证了叶片在任何安装角度时, 叶轮外圆与外壳之间有很小的间隙, 以减少回流水量损失。
如图 4所示, 本实施例中轴流级的轴流叶片 11个数为 3个, 离心级的离心叶片 9个数为 7个。
如图 2和图 5所示, 所述固定导流叶轮级上设置的固定导流叶轮片 12焊接在导流外壳 10上, 固定导流叶轮片 12与导流外壳 10紧固于叶轮泵机座上。 导流外壳 10焊接在第一级 叶轮泵轴承 14上, 固定导流叶轮片安装角度与离心泵出水方向相反, 倾斜 45度。
所述轴流叶片 11与第一级叶轮泵轴承 14之间设有密封圈 8, 该密封圈 8内装有铁氟龙 (PTFE) 材料, 以提高泵压差的密封性, 如图 2中所示。
如图 2所示, 轴流泵、 离心泵的泵轴 6与电机轴心 3通过尼龙销联轴器 7同轴连接。 所述电机 2采用卧式变频电机直接传动, 电机借螺栓紧固于电机座 1上。 在水泵在运转 时, 其全部轴向力 (即水泵叶轮上的水压力和全部水泵转子重量之和) 均由电机座 (或轴承 座) 内装的轴承来承受。 水泵转子的轴向位移可借传动装置内的螺母来调整, 这样就使整个 水泵机组简化, 安装维修方便可靠。
本发明具体的工作原理是: ( 1 )轴流级: 轴流级釆用不锈钢制成, 由两端轴承支承, 一端由电机 2直接驱动, 运转 过程中, 轴流级叶轮提供第一级吸附进水起到抽水扬程作用, 与离心级挨着将纱缸回流染液 抽给离心级, 由于泵内充满液体, 离心级叶轮快速转动, 叶轮的叶片驱使液体抽水转动, 液 体转动时依靠惯性向叶轮外缘流去, 同时叶轮从吸入室吸进液体, 在这一过程中, 叶轮中的 液体绕流叶片, 在绕流运动中液体作用升力于叶片, 反过来叶片以一个与此升力大小相等、 方向相反的力作用于液体, 这个力对液体做功, 使液体得到能量而流出叶轮, 这时液体的动 能与压能均增大。在变频电机带动下, 轴流叶片 11甩出水运送到离心级的入口端, 形成第一 级扬程。 说
(2)离心级: 离心级紧挨着轴流级, 轴流级依靠旋转叶轮的翼形叶栅对绕流液体产生的 升力来传递能量给离心级叶轮。 叶轮均经静平衡校正。 离心级原理是通过转子 (叶轮) 高速 转动后将低压流体带动向外甩出到出口汇集挤压, 形成高压流体; 涡流泵是通过涡轮将外部 低压流体吸入到涡轮腔内逐步向中心挤压后形成中间高压导出形成高压流体。 离心级是与轴 流级同轴连接, 实质是三级叶轮泵的一种类型。 超低浴书比的轴流级和离心级的结构如图 3和 图 4所示。
(3)固定导流叶轮级: 固定导流叶轮级是紧接着离心级的旋转水流逆行导流, 即水流是 旋转而导流叶轮固定, 使到导流叶轮形同一个叶轮泵。 当离心级甩出水流到第三级后, 水流 是旋转的, 固定导流叶轮片焊接固定在导流外壳上, 导流外壳焊接在第一级叶轮泵轴承上, 使到水流冲刷导流叶轮后, 旋转的水流顺着导流叶轮甩出而达到水流由旋转变成直流到喇叭 管出口, 达到第三级升压提高升力扬程。
导流叶轮采用不锈钢制造, 固定导流叶轮片用不锈钢做成, 叶轮焊接在导流外壳上, 导 流外壳焊接在第一级叶轮泵轴承上, 固定导流叶轮片安装角度一般为 45度, 这个叶片角度与 离心级出水方向相反。 导流壳体如图 5-8所示。
本发明相较于现有技术具有诸多优点, 以染 1吨棉纱为例, 本发明与 I日式液流染色机在 水、 电、 蒸汽及污水处理方面的成本消耗对比见表 1。 由于浴比小, 染色过程中主缸内没有 水, 也就是说纱锭没有浸在染液中, 染液的液位低于纱锭, 因此, 纱锭在提升的过程中不附 带过多的染液、 重量较轻, 即使在进入脉流前有很高的加速度, 纱锭也能在低张力下高温高 压染色, 不容易擦伤。 同时, 纱锭在脉流中主要是靠脉流的, 与液流相比, 本发明对纱锭的 作用是比较柔和的, 降低了纱锭运行过程中的张力。
表 3使用本发明的染纱机与旧式溢流染色机优缺点比较
Figure imgf000022_0001
总耗水量 65-100升 /每公斤纱,是理论计算。 总耗水量 22-45升 /每公斤纱, 实际耗用。 工艺时间 8-14小时, 是理论计算。 工艺时间 5.5-7.5小时, 是实际工艺时间。 耗电量为 0.69-1.12千瓦时 /每公斤纱 耗电量比旧式减少 83%
染纱质量与旧式脉流染色机的原理没有什 折痕解决了色面的折痕、 管差毛头等问题, 么区别, 层色的差异、管差、色牢度等问题 且色牢度达到 ISO14000的国际标准。
没能得到彻底的解决。 说
实施例 2
"超低浴比染纱机"主视图如图 1所示, 该染纱机有下面部件组成:
( 1 )基本配置有: 主缸身、 缸盖、 缸盖平衡锤、书纱架轴心、 纱架盘、 纱锭、 提纱装置、 洗缸装置、 变频电机、 杂质过滤器、 高温排放混流装置、 汽水混流器。
(2)泵和阀: 轴流叶片、 离心泵叶片、 主循环泵、 导流叶片、 导流壳体、 容积感应器入 水阀、 高温排放冷却阀、 高温混流排放阀、 第二主缸排水阀、 第一主缸排水陶、 主缸入蒸汽 阀、 第一主缸入水阀、 第一主缸入水阀。
(3 )仪表传感器: 温度表、 温度探针、 水位测量装置、 零压开关、 双针压力表、 压力传 感器、 液体过滤器。
所述的超低浴比高温染纱机实例符合染纱工艺: 设定温度 16CTC ; 最高工作温度 14CTC ; 设计压力 0.5MPa; 设计工作压力 0.45MPa; 加热率 20°C~130°C约 30min; 冷却率 130°C~80 °〇约 20min; 进水时间 2min ~ 5min; 排水时间 2min - 5min; 浴比 1:2.5 ~ 1:3。
所述的超低浴比高温染纱机实例适合对涤纶、 涤 /棉、 腈、 腈 /棉、 全棉、 人造丝 /棉、 锦 纶 /粘胶、 天丝 /棉、 莫代尔 /棉、 大豆纤维、 竹纤维 /棉、 丝光羊毛等筒子纱的染色。
所述的超低浴比高温染纱机实例染色织物工艺符合:
( 1 ) 染色前处理工艺
皂洗剂 lg/L~1.5g/L; 分散剂 1.5g/L; 络合剂 0.8g/L; 浴比 1:3; 时间 20min~ 25min; 温 度 20°C ;
(2) 染色工艺
纯棉染色:
匀染剂 0.3g/L; 分散剂 0.2g/L; Na2S04 (元明粉) 60 g/L~80g/L速染作用; Na2C03 (纯 碱) 20 g/L~25g/L固色作用; 浴比 1:3; 染色时间 40min; 固色时间 60min~ 75min; 温度 65 °C ;
锦纶染色: 醋酸 0.5g/L; 醋酸钠 l.Og/L; 匀染剂 1.5g/L; 分散剂 0.2g/L; 甲酸 3% (染黑色时用, 100 °C染色 20min以后加入); 浴比 1:3; 时间 60min; 温度 98°C~ 100°C。
所述的超低浴比高温染纱机有高温脉流染色机大料桶功能有快速回流、 加料。 小料桶比 例式定量注料, 双排水。 高温混流排放, 染色搅拌, 计量输入功能。 精密流量, 双入水。 可 各自单独加入, 也可同时打开操作。
本实施例 2中, 超低浴比脉流新工艺的高温染纱机整机构造包括如下主要部件: 包括染 缸 15、 纱架、 热交换盘管 17、 自适应水位监测装置、 变频电机 2、 超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18 和染色电脑,所述自适应水位监测装说置和热交换盘管 17均设置于染缸 15的底部,染缸 15通 过喇叭管与超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18的入口相连,变频电机 2与超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18相连; 所述超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18、 变频电机 2、 热交换盘管 17、 自适应水位监测装置均通过控制 器与染色电脑相连; 所述超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18沿染液流向依次包括轴流级、离心级、 固定 导流叶轮级; 所述纱架固定在染缸 15内, 纱架上的纱杆 20中空, 纱杆 20底部与染缸 15内 的染液输出通道相通, 纱架底部是纱架盘 16, 纱架盘书 16上有孔与染缸 15内的染液输入通道 相通, 在整个染纱过程中, 染缸 15内的染液始终不超过纱架盘 16, 浴比小于 1:3。
所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括比例式微量控制升降温系统,该系统一端与设置于染缸 15内的温度探针相连, 另一端与染色电脑相连; 所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括渐进加料系 统, 该系统包括加料桶和设置于加料缸入口处的控制器, 该控制器与染色电脑连接。
所述所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括高温排放混流装置, 该装置设置于染缸 15底部, 其包括若干个排放陶, 该排放阀与染色电脑相连用于间歇式排放污水, 所述超低浴比高温染 纱机还包括一个热水预备缸, 该热水预备缸设置于染缸 15入水口处。
所述的超低浴比高温染纱机还包括如下附件: (1 )加料桶配备回流搅拌系统、 半缸溢流 下料系统; (2)增加模拟水位控制系统; (3)配备不锈钢筒子纱架、 绞纱纱架、 散毛笼; (4) 外置式显示配中央控制系统; (5) 预备缸带输送泵及喷射式搅拌系统和直接升温系统; (9) 压力脱水系统。
所述超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18具体结构见实施例 1的描述。
一种超低浴比高温脉流染纱机控制方法如图 9所示,染色电脑中的时间脉冲发生器按照 设定的工艺过程发出脉流数据到变频电机 2对应的变频电机控制器, 由变频电机控制器控制 变频电机 2的转速,变频电机 2驱动超低浴比三级叶轮泵 18输出脉流式波动的染液流;输出 的染液流根据染色电脑中的理想参考模型进行自适应调整; 自适应水位监测装置给出水位参 考辨识信息,根据这一信息水位调节器和变频电机控制器分别对水位和变频电机 2进行调节, 使其达到设定工艺过程所要求的水位和脉流。
所述设定的工艺过程包括煮漂、 染色、 水洗, 每个阶段的时间、温度、 脉流根据纱锭的 紧密度、 材质、 厚度设定; 在设定的工艺过程中, 污水从设在缸底的排放阀排放, 染色电脑 控制排放陶间歇打开, 进行间歇溢流水洗, 以去除漂浮在上层的污物 (如泡沫等)。 所述煮漂阶段是在 105-11CTC的条件下进行, 废水釆用高温直接排放。 在高温高压条件 下能加速分解棉纱线上的杂质和桨料, 提高漂白速率。 采用高温直接排放能省去冷却降温过 程。 相较于常规机器浴比较大 (1:7-1:8), 加热所需的蒸汽量较大, 升温时间长。 漂白后, 还需 花较长时间冷却降温, 才能达到安全排放要求, 既费水又耗时。 筒子纱染色机棉纱线快速漂 白工艺曲线如图 10所示, 在图中 A表示入水和装载筒子阶段, B表示在 105°C的高温下漂白 15min; C表示 90°C高温排放污水, 时间很短, 所以在图上并未表示出; D表示中和水洗阶 段; E表示水洗和用酶清除残余的 H202阶段; F表示最后水洗阶段。 从图中可看到在整个阶 段中染缸内都处于较高温度, 尤其是说在 C阶段采用高温直接排放。
所述染色过程电机转速需要在 300-500 / m/min之间, 变频电机频率变化是在水位允许 范围内产生波动。
所述水洗阶段控制水洗温度在 50-10CTC之间, 且其包括正压榨水阶段, 在这一阶段通过 染色电脑将染缸 15内的压力增加到 ,用于将排水后仍残留在纱线上的污水尽量挤 除, 可以最大限度地降低吸附在筒子纱上的含水量, 书即降低污水含量, 提高水洗效率, 减少 用水量。 棉纱线的染色工艺过程如图 11所示, 其中正压榨水阶段如图中 "0"所标示阶段。 在图 11中, 在同一时间出现的不同曲线代表不同材质的工艺曲线。 图 12是筒子纱染色机快 速水洗时残液浓度变化曲线。
所述时间脉冲发生器发出的脉流数据每分钟改变变频电机 5-10次循环脉动频率。 所述变频电机频率变化是在水位允许范围内产生波动。
所述染色阶段, 根据纱锭的种类不同其对应的温度工艺曲线也不同, 对于种类为棉、 化 纤和蛋白纤维的纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
(1)种类为棉的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线, 如图 13所示, 具体是指:
kl · Al (t), 20 < Al (t) < 60, 0 < ^ < 1, tQ < t≤
A2(t) = 60, t < t≤ t2
k2 · A3(t), 60 < A3(t)≤ 95 0 < k < 1, < t≤ t,
AA(t), A4{t) = 95, t3 < t≤
95 > A t)≥ 65, 0
A6(0, A6( = 65, ί5 < ί < t6
-k4 » ΑΊ{ΐ), 60 > ΑΊ (t)≥ 20, 0 < ^4 < 1, t6 < t≤ t7
(2)种类为化纤的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线, 如图 14所示, 具体是 tQ <t≤ t2 <t <t. t4 <t≤t, 说
Figure imgf000026_0001
te <t≤t7
( 如图 15所示, 具体是指:
ί0 < ί <
t2 <t≤t3
<t≤
Figure imgf000026_0002
t6 <t≤t7
其中, /,.(0( = 1,2,3)是染色温度随染色时间的变化函数, 表示升温或降温系数, ί表 示染色的时间, 是随时间变化升温的变量值, 其单位为 °C。
所述超低浴比高温染纱机技术功能:
(1) 混合型加压系统, 既能以全充满形式, 也能以空气加压形式进行漂染加工, 浴比 能得到有效地控制。
(2) 垂直式主缸的缸体配备气动控制的缸盖和缸锁, 安全释压阀调定压力为 4.5X 105MPa。 主、 副缸之间的气动平衡阀, 供染液回收用
(3)热交换盘管 17装放在主缸底部, 并配备两个风膜式、 气缸式控制阀及疏水器。
(4) 纱架采用固定式底座, 机座用碳钢焊接制成。
(5)染缸配备温度、压力感应器,以确保染缸在温度超过 80°C及压力超过 0.5X105MPa 时, 不能打开缸盖。 另外, 缸盖配备手动式安全联锁, 从而保证缸内在无压及水位低于缸盖 口时才能开盖。
(6)配有独特的、 高效率对衡式混流泵连机械密封装置。 混流泵产生脉流约 10次 /rnin 波动循环交变脉动流量, 足以使染液对纱线进行充分、 均匀地渗透, 扩散和固着。
(7) 压差传感变频控制流量系统的优势显示为, 如果源于压差变化的流量发生变化, 那么在相同的染色程序情况下, 染色结果也相同。 在染色机浴比不同的情况下, 也能以相等 的染色程序实现相同的染色结果。
实施例 3
该实施例涉及超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机与实施例 1不同之处在于纱架装置。如图 16-20 所示, 一种超低浴比染纱机的纱架装置, 包括沙盘 21、 吊杆 22和纱杆 23; 吊杆 22通过设置 在沙盘 21中心的吊杆孔座 26固定在沙盘 21上,纱杆 23为空心的筒体结构,纱杆 23的筒体 内设置有水鼓 27, 水鼓 27为空心或者实心的柱状结构, 纱杆 23与水鼓 27设置在同一条中 心线上, 纱杆 23的空心内径与水鼓说 27外径的比值为 10:7-9, 纱杆 23的筒体上沿不同高度水 平截面的圆周上均匀设有多个出水孔 28, 纱杆 23筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的 出水孔 28的中心间距相等或者不等; 纱杆 23内筒体的高度为 l-12m, 对于纱杆 23内筒体的 高度小于 3m,优选纱杆 23筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔 28的中心间距相 等,对于纱杆 23内筒体的高度大于 3m,优选纱杆 23筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上 的出水孔 28的中心间距不等, 可将纱杆 23按照筒体书高度分成 3或 5等份, 每一等份上, 优 选纱杆 23筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔 28的中心间距相等, 若将纱杆 23 筒体按照高度分成 3等份, 由下到上顺序编号为第 1、 2、 3等份, 其中第 1等份、 第 2等份 和第 3等份中纱杆 23筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔 28的中心间距比值为 1.2-1.5:1:0.5-0.8; 若将纱杆 23筒体按照高度分成 5等份, 由下到上顺序编号为第 1、 2、 3、 4、 5等份, 其中第 1等份、 第 2等份、 第 3等份、 第 4等份和第 5等份中纱杆 23筒体上同一纵 截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔 28的中心间距比值为 1.5-1.7:1.2-1.4: 1: 0.7-0.9: 0.4-0.6。 沙盘 21上表面为圆盘状,沙盘 21上表面设有沙盘出水孔 24、沙盘回水孔 25和吊杆孔座 26, 吊杆孔座 26设置在沙盘 21中心上, 纱杆 23固定在沙盘上表面的盘出水孔 24中; 沙盘下端 为空腔结构, 沙盘下端底部通过法兰与染纱机的中心座连接, 如图 20所示, 沙盘下端底部为 圆盘形, 圆盘中心设有通孔, 用于固定吊杆 22, 圆盘沿两对称轴设有 24个进水口 30, 圆盘 上相邻两进水口之间为回水口 31, 4个进水口 30均匀与多个沙盘出水孔 24连通, 形成均匀 的进水通道, 4个回水口 31均匀与多个沙盘回水孔 5连通, 形成均匀的回水通道。
本发明纱杆 23的空心筒体设置有水鼓 27, 水鼓 27可为空心或者实心的柱状结构, 纱杆 23与水鼓 27位于同一条中心线上, 以保证纱杆 23和水鼓 27的同轴度, 纱杆 23的空心内径 与水鼓 27直径的比值为 10:7-9。这样的设计极大的縮小了纱杆内空心的截面积, 一方面非常 有利于减少染液在纱杆中所占的体积, 使得出水口的水路占染印水路的体积比大为减少, 有 利于减少水浴比; 另一方面, 在同样的主泵功率下, 纱杆 23中空心体积减少有利于相对提高 管路实际扬程, 并提高染液在纱杆 23中流速。 超低浴比染纱机比流量公式与截面积成正比: 流量 =过流面积 X流速, 因而减少纱杆中空腔截面积有利于提高染液在纱杆内的流速,相对容 易使经过三级叶轮泵作用的染液管理实际扬程达到 30米。
与旧式液流染色机截然不同的是, 染色回流的水不浸泡纱锭, 水位只是在纱架之下。 因 此, 本发明的染纱机的浴比非常小。纱杆 23中空心体积减少后, 在三级泵的配合下有利于染 液流速的增加, 单位时间内染液循环的次数增加, 使染液与纱锭在很短的时间内充分接触, 增强染印效果。 同时, 染液在 30米量程压力下直接喷在纱锭表面, 渗透力强、 接触面积大, 再加上纱锭循环过程中, 由于高速脉流的作用, 脉流冲洗纱锭, 有助于消除层色, 使得该机 具有非常好的染纱效果。
本发明纱架装置底部圆盘沿两对称轴设有 4个进水口 30, 圆盘上相邻两进水口之间为回 水口 31, 4个进水口 30均匀与多个沙盘出水孔 24连通, 形成均匀的进水通道, 4个回水口 31均匀与多个沙盘回水孔 25连通,说形成均匀的回水通道。 纱架装置的进水通道与中心座的 进水通道连通, 纱架装置的回水通道与中心座的回水通道连通; 中心座的回水通道与轴流级 的输入端相连通; 中心座的进水通道与离心级的输出端相连通。 低压染液经过三级叶轮泵加 压从纱杆 23中的出水孔冲出冲洗纱锭,冲洗后的染液经沙盘 1上的回水孔 5进入沙盘中的回 水通道, 经沙盘底部的回水口 31流经中心座中的回水通道, 再流回三级泵, 形成用水循环。 本发明纱架装置底部设有四进四出连接通道,由于纱架书装置底部采用四进水四出水通道设计, 从三级泵到染印出水, 以及染印后的印液回流到三级泵非常顺畅, 且沙盘底部进水与出水均 匀, 染液流动快, 染色均匀, 减少色层差。
本发明纱杆内置水鼓, 水鼓外侧的纱杆筒体上的出水孔是不均匀的, 是按照染色纱锭出 水压力差而设计的出水孔 28位置, 由下往上, 越到纱杆高处, 开孔越密, 以保证每一段中从 出水孔 8出来的染液总体流量均匀, 实现均匀染印。
本发明由于有效提高管路扬程, 可以增大单个筒子纱的密度。 试验表明, 纯棉单个筒子 纱密度可达 0. 42 g / c 3, 使得染液完全从纱线纤维之间穿过, 而不是从纱线之间穿过, 对整 个纱线的匀染和透染非常有利。
本发明采用低比流量、 高扬程后, 相对减少纱杆的染液过流口面积, 增加筒子纱层, 可 使上下层筒子纱获得均等的流量。 所以在大容量筒子纱染色中, 可更好地保证上下层筒子纱 的匀染性, 提高染色的一次成功率。
总体来说, 采用本发明技术配合三级泵的应用, 可以实现染色水位不浸泡纱线染色, 缩 短生产周期, 尤其是实现环保、 节能、 高效, 降低水、 电、 蒸汽、 各类化工原料的消耗, 缩 短整个工艺流程。 经测试, 与现有技术相比, 应用本发明技术, 水耗量可减少 69 % ; 电耗量 可减少 83 % ; 蒸汽耗量可减少 58 % ; 助剂耗量可减少 57 % ; 染纱工艺周期时间可縮短 2-7 小时 (按不同染纱时间缩短 5. 5小时 -7小时) 。 上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式, 但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制, 其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、 修饰、 替代、 组合、 简化, 均应 为等效的置换方式, 都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 包括染缸、 纱架、 叶轮泵、 热交换盘管, 所述纱架固定 在染缸内, 所述纱架上的纱杆中空, 纱杆底部与染缸内的染液输出通道相通, 纱架底部是纱 架盘, 纱架盘上有孔与染缸内的染液输入通道相通, 叶轮泵设置于整个染缸的下面, 热交换 盘管设置于染缸内的底部, 其特征在于, 所述叶轮泵为三级叶轮泵, 其泵轴与内部电机轴同 轴连接, 染缸与三级叶轮泵的入口相连; 所述三级叶轮泵沿染液流向依次包括轴流级、 离心 级、 固定导流叶轮级, 在整个染纱过程中, 染缸内的染液始终不超过纱架盘, 浴比小于 1:3。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于, 所述轴流级和离心 级通过同一传动轴依次与电机相连, 所述轴流级和离心级的叶片固定在传动轴上; 所述染液 经过流入通道流入轴流级, 从轴流级流出的染液直接进入离心级的输入口, 从离心级流出的 染液经过固定导流叶轮级后进入流出通道, 所述固定导流叶轮级设置在离心级输出端与染液 流出通道接口处; 所述染液流入和流出的通道相互隔离; 轴流级、 离心级、 固定导流叶轮级 均设置于导流外壳内。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于, 所述三级叶轮泵通 过喇叭管与染缸相连, 喇叭管内设有两个独立的腔体作为染液流入通道和流出通道, 所述染 液流入通道内染液的流动方向是从染缸向轴流级流动, 流入通道与轴流级的输入端相连通; 染液流出通道内的染液方向是从离心级经由固定导流叶轮级后流向染缸, 流出通道与离心级 的输出端相连通;
所述轴流级、 离心级的叶轮外壳与叶轮的两相邻表面, 均呈球形面;
所述轴流级的叶片个数为 3个; 离心级的叶片个数为 7个;
所述焊接有固定导流叶轮片的导流外壳焊接固定在第一级叶轮泵轴承上, 固定导流叶轮 片安装角度与离心泵出水方向相反, 倾斜 45度;
所述轴流叶片与第一级叶轮泵轴承之间, 设有密封圈, 该密封圈内装有铁氟龙材料; 所述轴流级、 离心级的泵轴与电机轴心通过尼龙销联轴器同轴连接;
所述电机采用卧式变频电机直接传动, 电机借螺栓紧固于电机座上。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机,其特征在于,所述纱架包括沙盘、 吊杆和纱杆; 沙盘上表面为圆盘状, 沙盘下端为空腔结构, 沙盘下端底部与染纱机的中心座 连接, 沙盘上表面设有沙盘出水孔、 沙盘回水孔和吊杆孔座, 吊杆孔座设置在沙盘中心上, 纱杆固定在沙盘上表面的盘出水孔中, 纱杆为空心的筒体结构; 纱杆的筒体内设置有水鼓, 水鼓为空心或者实心的柱状结构, 纱杆与水鼓中心线相同, 纱杆的空心内径与水鼓外径的比 值为 10:7-9, 纱杆的筒体上沿不同高度水平截面的圆周上均匀设有多个出水孔, 纱杆筒体上 同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距相等或者不等。
5、根据权利要求 4所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于, 所述沙盘下端底部 为圆盘形, 圆盘中心设有通孔, 用于固定吊杆, 圆盘沿两对称轴设有 4个进水口, 圆盘上相 邻两进水口之间形成 4个回水口, 4个进水口均匀与多个沙盘出水孔连通, 形成均匀的进水 权 利 要 求 书 通道, 4个回水口均匀与多个沙盘回水孔连通, 形成均匀的回水通道;
所述纱杆内筒体的高度为 l-12m;
对于纱杆内筒体的高度小于 3m,纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的 中心间距相等;
对于纱杆内筒体的高度大于 3m,纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的 中心间距不等。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于: 将纱杆筒体按照高 度分成 3或 5等份, 每一等份上, 纱杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中 心间距相等, 若将纱杆筒体按照高度分成 3等份, 由下到上顺序编号为第 1、 2、 3等份, 其 中第 1等份、 第 2等份和第 3等份中纱杆 3筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔 的中心间距比值为 1.2-1.5: 1 :0.5-0.8 ; 若将纱杆筒体按照高度分成 5等份, 由下到上顺序编号 为第 1、 2、 3、 4、 5等份, 其中第 1等份、 第 2等份、 第 3等份、 第 4等份和第 5等份中纱 杆筒体上同一纵截面上相邻两水平截面上的出水孔的中心间距比值为 1.5-1.7:1.2-1.4: 1: 0.7-0.9: 0.4-0.6。
7、根据权利要求 1所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于, 所述的超低浴比三 级叶轮泵染纱机还包括自适应水位监测装置、 变频电机和染色电脑, 所述自适应水位监测装 置和热交换盘管均设置于染缸的底部, 染缸通过喇叭管与三级叶轮泵的入口相连, 变频电机 与三级叶轮泵相连; 所述三级叶轮泵、 变频电机、 热交换盘管、 自适应水位监测装置均通过 控制器与染色电脑相连。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机, 其特征在于, 所述的超低浴比三 级叶轮泵染纱机还包括比例式微量控制升降温系统, 该系统一端与设置于染缸内的温度探针 相连, 另一端与染色电脑相连; 所述超低浴比高温染纱机还包括渐进加料系统, 该系统包括 加料桶和设置于加料缸入口处的控制器, 该控制器与染色电脑连接;
所述的超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机高温排放混流装置, 该装置设置于染缸底部, 其包括 若干个排放阀, 该排放阀与染色电脑相连用于间歇式排放污水, 所述超低浴比高温染纱机还 包括一个热水预备缸, 该热水预备缸设置于染缸入水口处。
9、基于权利要求 7或 8所述超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机的高温脉流染纱控制方法,其特 征在于, 染色电脑中的时间脉冲发生器按照设定的工艺过程发出脉流数据到变频电机对应的 变频电机控制器, 由变频电机控制器控制变频电机的转速, 变频电机驱动超低浴比三级叶轮 泵输出脉流式波动的染液流;输出的染液流根据染色电脑中的理想参考模型进行自适应调整; 自适应水位监测装置给出水位参考辨识信息, 根据这一信息水位调节器和变频电机控制器分 别对水位和变频电机进行调节, 使其达到设定工艺过程所要求的水位和脉流。
10、 根据权利要求 9所述的所述超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机的高温脉流染纱控制方法, 其特征在于, 所述设定的工艺过程包括煮漂、 染色、 水洗, 每个阶段的时间、 温度、 脉流根 权 利 要 求 书 据纱锭的紧密度、 材质、 厚度设定; 在设定的工艺过程中, 污水从设在缸底的排放阀排放, 染色电脑控制排放阀间歇打开, 进行间歇溢流水洗;
所述煮漂阶段是在 105-11CTC的条件下进行,废水采用高温直接排放; 所述染色过程电机 转速需要在 300-500 /pm/min之间, 变频电机频率变化是在水位允许范围内产生波动; 所述 水洗阶段控制水洗温度在 50-1 (XTC之间, 且其包括正压榨水阶段, 在这一阶段通过染色电脑 将染缸内的压力增加到 kg I cm2
所述时间脉冲发生器发出的脉流数据每分钟改变变频电机 5-10次循环脉动频率; 所述染色阶段, 根据纱锭的种类不同其对应的温度工艺曲线也不同, 对于种类为棉、 化 纤和蛋白纤维的纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
(1) 种类为棉的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指: kl · Αι (ί), 20 < Al (t) < 60, 0 < kY < ί, t。 < t≤ ^
A2{t), A2(t) = 60, tl < t≤ t2
k2 · A3 (t), 60 < A3 (t)≤ 95, 0 < k2 < t2 < t≤ t2 fi (0 = A4 (t), A4( = 95, t3 < t≤ t4
-k3 » A5(t), 95 > A5(t)≥ 65, 0 < k3 < t4 < t≤ t5
A6 (t), A6(t) = 65, t5 < t≤ t6
-k4 * A7 (t), 60 > A7(i) > 20, 0 < k4 < 1, t6 < t≤ t7
(2) 种类为化纤的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
Figure imgf000031_0001
(3) 种类为蛋白纤维的待染纱锭, 其对应的温度工艺曲线具体是指:
f,(t)
Figure imgf000031_0002
权 利 要 求 书
其中, /(0^' = 1,2,3)是染色温度随染色时间的变化函数, 表示升温或降温系数, ί表 示染色的时间, Λ.(0是随时间变化升温的变量值, 其单位为。 C。
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CN102140743A (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-08-03 广州番禺高勋染整设备制造有限公司 超低浴比高温脉流染纱机及其控制方法
CN202055028U (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-11-30 广州番禺高勋染整设备制造有限公司 超低浴比高温脉流染纱机
CN202055029U (zh) * 2011-04-15 2011-11-30 广州番禺高勋染整设备制造有限公司 超低浴比三级叶轮泵染纱机
CN102296436A (zh) * 2011-08-15 2011-12-28 广州番禺高勋染整设备制造有限公司 一种超低浴比染纱机的纱架装置

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CN103334249A (zh) * 2013-07-03 2013-10-02 广州番禺高勋染整设备制造有限公司 一种处染拉链、布带、绳带及纱线的筒管及其设计方法
CN104846579A (zh) * 2015-05-27 2015-08-19 萧振林 一种1:2极低浴比纱线染色机的染液循环系统
CN104878539A (zh) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-02 萧振林 极低浴比纱线染色机的染液交换及分配系统及其控制方法

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