WO2012133211A1 - データ転送装置及びデータ転送方法 - Google Patents
データ転送装置及びデータ転送方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012133211A1 WO2012133211A1 PCT/JP2012/057564 JP2012057564W WO2012133211A1 WO 2012133211 A1 WO2012133211 A1 WO 2012133211A1 JP 2012057564 W JP2012057564 W JP 2012057564W WO 2012133211 A1 WO2012133211 A1 WO 2012133211A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a data transfer device and a data transfer method.
- a structured P2P (Peer-to-Peer) network has attracted attention as a network for transferring data between nodes at high speed.
- a data distribution system using such a structured P2P network high-speed distribution of a large amount of data is realized by cooperation of a plurality of data transfer apparatuses.
- Data to be distributed is input from the data transmission device to any data transfer device constituting the data distribution system, and distributed from the data transfer device or another data transfer device to the data reception device.
- each data transfer device can communicate with other data transfer devices via a network connected by a transmission medium such as a LAN (Local Area Network) cable.
- the plurality of data transmission devices can transmit data to any data transfer device via the network.
- data transfer apparatuses cooperate to distribute data received from a data transmission apparatus to a data reception apparatus that should process the data.
- the data transfer device stores the addresses of some other data transfer devices, and stores them according to a predetermined procedure so that the data finally reaches the data reception device that should process the data.
- the address of the transfer destination of the data is determined from the address group.
- the ID of each node is an m-bit value (key).
- the data transfer device transfers the data received from the data transmission device or another data transfer device to the successor of the hash value (key) of the data.
- the successor of the key k is a data transfer device that uses the key having the smallest distance from the key k among the data transfer devices that constitute the data distribution system as an ID.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a key (m bits) is represented by a remainder ring modulo 2 m , and a key whose distance from an arbitrary key k is d is (k + d) mod 2 m .
- the successor is the data transfer device with ID 1.
- the successor is a data transfer device with an ID of 3.
- FIG. 27 shows an example of the internal configuration of the three data transfer apparatuses in FIG. 26 and the data flow.
- the data transfer devices 0, 1, and 3 are data transfer devices having IDs of 0, 1, and 3, respectively.
- the data transfer device includes a reception queue that temporarily holds data received from another device, a transfer unit that extracts data from the reception queue and determines a transfer destination device, and temporarily transmits data to be transmitted to another device. And a transmission queue to be maintained.
- arrows indicate the flow of data.
- the flow of data from the data transfer device 0 to the data transfer device 1 is represented by an arrow from the transmission queue s0-3 of the data transfer device 0 to the reception queue r1-1 of the data transfer device 1 in FIG. Yes.
- the transmission queue or reception queue of the data transfer device becomes full, back pressure such as temporarily stopping processing in the preceding stage is applied to prevent data from overflowing from the queue. Is done.
- the front stage of the transmission queue is a transfer unit
- the front stage of the reception queue is a data transmission apparatus or a transmission queue of another data transfer apparatus.
- the transfer unit that has been subjected to back pressure from the transmission queue cannot determine the data transfer destination, it cannot insert the data into the transmission queue. It will not be taken out.
- deadlock An example of deadlock will be described. It is assumed that a large amount of data is input from the data transmission device to the data transfer device 0. For example, the transfer unit of the data transfer device 0 determines to transfer the data received from the data transmission device to the data transfer device 1, and inserts the data into the transmission queue s0-3.
- the process in which the data transfer device 0 retrieves data from the transmission queue s0-3 in order to transmit data to the data transfer device 1 is more than the process in which the data transfer device 0 inserts data into the transmission queue s0-3.
- the transmission queue s0-3 is full of data. Then, back pressure is applied from the transmission queue to the transfer unit, and the transfer unit does not take out data from the reception queue. Then, the reception queue r0-3 that holds the data received from the data transfer apparatus 1 becomes full, and back pressure is applied from the data transfer apparatus 0 to the data transfer apparatus 1.
- the transfer unit of the data transfer device 1 determines to transfer the data received from the data transmission device to the data transfer device 0, and inserts the data into the transmission queue s1-1.
- the reception queue r1-1 is filled with data, and back pressure is applied from the data transfer device 1 to the data transfer device 0.
- the data transfer device 0 and the data transfer device 1 apply back pressure to each other, and the two data transfer devices are fixed in a state where data cannot be transmitted. That is, a deadlock state occurs.
- Patent Document 1 An example of a technique for avoiding such a deadlock is disclosed in Patent Document 1.
- a message communication buffer having a sufficient size is secured so that a node corresponding to a data transfer device can always process an input message, thereby avoiding a deadlock. Yes.
- This corresponds to increasing the size of the transmission queue and reception queue in FIG.
- by making the size of the transmission queue and reception queue sufficiently large so that the data does not become full it is not necessary to apply back pressure to the processing device or processing unit in the previous stage, and deadlock Can be avoided.
- the size of the message communication buffer is proportional to the number of messages that may be held unprocessed. For this reason, when the number of messages that can be held unprocessed is very large, it is necessary to increase the size of the message communication buffer, which is not efficient from the viewpoint of memory resource utilization efficiency. In addition, when the number of messages that can be held unprocessed cannot be specified, it is necessary to prepare an infinite area for the message communication buffer, which is not practical.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and prevents deadlock in a structured P2P network without depending on the size of the message communication buffer, that is, without securing a large message communication buffer.
- the purpose is to do.
- a data transfer device is a routing that stores a routing table including an identifier, a first address, and a second address of at least one other data transfer device connected via a network.
- the table storage unit receives data addressed to the first address of its own device, based on the relationship between the key calculated from the data and the identifier of at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table, The other data transfer device to which the data is to be transferred is determined, and when the magnitude relationship between the identifier of the own device and the identifier of the other data transfer device is one of the relationships, the data is transferred to the other data
- the data is transmitted to the first address of the transfer device and the magnitude relationship is the other relationship, the data is transmitted to the second address of the other data transfer device.
- a second transfer unit that determines another data transfer device to which the data is to be transferred, and transmits the data to a second address of the other data transfer device.
- each data transfer device in a data distribution system including a plurality of data transfer devices connected via a network includes an identifier of at least one other data transfer device,
- a routing table including a first address and a second address is stored and data addressed to the first address of the device itself is received, a key calculated from the data and at least one included in the routing table are stored.
- the data reception device or another data transfer device is determined as the data transfer destination, and when the data reception device is determined as the transfer destination, the data reception device When the data is transmitted and another data transfer device is determined as the transfer destination, the identifier of the own device and the other data transfer device are determined.
- the data is transmitted to the first address of the other data transfer device. If the magnitude relation is the other relation, the data is sent to the other address.
- the key calculated from the data and at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table
- the data receiving device or other data transfer device is determined as the data transfer destination based on the relationship with the identifier of the data, and when the data receiving device is determined as the transfer destination, the data is transmitted to the data receiving device.
- the other data transfer device is determined as the transfer destination, the data is transmitted to the second address of the other data transfer device.
- the “unit” does not simply mean a physical means, but includes a case where the function of the “unit” is realized by software. Also, even if the functions of one “unit” or device are realized by two or more physical means or devices, the functions of two or more “units” or devices are realized by one physical means or device. May be.
- deadlock in the structured P2P network, deadlock can be prevented without depending on the size of the message communication buffer, that is, without securing a large size message communication buffer.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a data distribution system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the data distribution system 10 includes a plurality of data transfer devices 20.
- Each data transfer device 20 is connected to be communicable with each other via a network 22 such as a LAN (Local Area Network) or the Internet.
- a plurality of data transfer devices 20 cooperate to distribute data received from the data transmission device 24 to a data reception device 26 that should process the data.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the data transfer apparatus 20.
- the data transfer apparatus 20 includes first and second reception queues 40 and 42, first and second transmission queues 44 and 46, first and second transfer units 50 and 52, a routing table management unit 60, and a routing table storage unit 62.
- the predecessor storage unit 64 and the own device information storage unit 66 are included.
- the data transfer device 20 can be realized by using one or a plurality of information processing devices.
- the first and second reception queues 40 and 42, the first and second transmission queues 44 and 46, the first and second transfer units 50 and 52, the routing table management unit 60, the routing table storage unit 62, and the predecessor storage unit 64 and the own device information storage unit 66 can be realized by using a storage area such as a memory or a storage device, or by executing a program stored in the storage area by a processor.
- the first and second reception queues 40 and 42 have a memory area for temporarily storing data received from the data transmission device or other data transfer devices.
- the data transfer device 20 has a first address and a second address, and data transmitted to the first address is stored in the first reception queue 40 and transmitted to the second address.
- the processed data is stored in the second reception queue 42.
- the first and second transmission queues 44 and 46 have memory areas for temporarily storing data to be transmitted to other data transfer apparatuses and data reception apparatuses.
- the data stored in the first and second transmission queues 44 and 46 are sequentially transmitted to the transfer destination determined by the first transfer unit 50 or the second transfer unit 52.
- the first transfer unit 50 retrieves data from the first reception queue 40 and determines another data transfer device or data reception device to which the data is to be transferred based on the routing table stored in the routing table storage unit 62. Then, the data is transferred to a transmission queue for transmitting the data to the determined transfer destination. Similarly, the second transfer unit 52 extracts the data from the second reception queue 42, determines the transfer destination of the data based on the routing table, and transmits the data to the determined transfer destination. The data is transferred to. In the present embodiment, the first and second transfer units 50 and 52 can determine the transfer destination by searching the routing table using the hash value of the data as a key.
- the routing table management unit 60 generates a routing table when the data transfer device 20 is added to the data distribution system 10, and stores it in the routing table storage unit 62. In addition, when there is a change in the configuration of the data distribution system 10, such as when another data transfer device is added to the data distribution system 10, the routing table management unit 60 updates the routing table according to the change contents. .
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the structure of the routing table. As shown in FIG. 3, the routing table is composed of a plurality of records, and each record includes a base point key that is a base point for specifying the data transfer device, a successor ID of the base point key, and the successor's ID. First and second addresses. The address here is information for specifying a device connected to the network.
- the successor of key k is a data transfer that uses the key having the smallest distance in the remainder ring modulo 2 m from key k (m bits) among the data transfer devices constituting data distribution system 10 as an ID. It is a device. When there is a data transfer apparatus having the same ID as the key k, the distance from the key k is “0” and the data transfer apparatus becomes a successor of the key k.
- the routing table management unit 60 stores the predecessor ID of the data transfer device 20 and the first and second addresses of the predecessor in the predecessor storage unit 64.
- the predecessor is another data transfer device in the data distribution system 10 that uses the key having the longest distance from the ID of the data transfer device 20 as the ID.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the structure of the predecessor storage unit 64.
- the own device information storage unit 66 stores the ID of the data transfer device 20 (own device) and the first and second addresses.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the internal configuration and data flow of the three data transfer apparatuses.
- the data transfer devices 20 with IDs 0, 1, and 3 are represented as data transfer devices 0, 1, and 3, respectively.
- each data transfer device 20 has first and second addresses, inserts data received at the first address into the first reception queue 40, and receives data received at the second address. Is inserted into the second reception queue 42.
- the data receiving apparatus 20 that has received the data in the first reception queue 40 determines the transfer destination of the received data in the first transfer unit 50 and stores the data in the transmission queue corresponding to the transfer destination in the first transmission queue 44. Insert. For example, when the transfer destination determined by the first transfer unit of the data transfer device 0 is the data transfer device 1, it is inserted into the transmission queue s0-3 corresponding to the data transfer device 1 in the first transmission queue 44.
- Each data transfer device 20 holds its own ID in its own device information storage unit 66, and when transferring data received by the first reception queue 40, for example, the ID of the data transfer device of the transfer destination is: If the ID is larger than the own device ID (the size relationship is one of the relationships), the data is transmitted to the first address of the transfer destination. On the other hand, each data transfer device 20 is addressed to the second address of the transfer destination when, for example, the ID of the transfer destination data transfer device is smaller than the ID of the own device (the magnitude relationship is the other relationship). Send data to. Each data transfer device 20 transmits data to the second address of the transfer destination when transferring the data received by the second reception queue 42 to another data transfer device.
- the first transfer unit 50 or the second transfer unit 52 inserts data into a transmission queue corresponding to the data reception device in the second transmission queue 46, and the data reception device The data is transmitted to.
- the data transfer device having the largest ID data transfer device 3 in the example of FIG. 5
- even the data transferred to the data receiving device is inserted into the first transmission queue 44.
- the data distribution system 10 of the present embodiment described above uses the following two features in the structured P2P network.
- the first feature is that the data transfer devices are ordered in a circular pattern, and data is transferred in that order. Depending on the routing protocol, some of the ordered data transfer apparatuses are skipped and the data is transferred.
- the second feature is that data is not transferred more than once.
- the data transfer devices are circularly ordered in the order of the data transfer device 0, the data transfer device 1, the data transfer device 3, the data transfer device 0,.
- the data transfer device 0 transfers the data transfer device 1 to the next data transfer device, or skips the data transfer device 1 and transfers it to the data transfer device 3.
- the data transfer device 1 may transfer the received data to the data transfer device 3.
- the data is not transferred to the data transfer device 0. This is because in the process of data transfer in the order of the data transfer device 0, the data transfer device 1, and the data transfer device 3, it always reaches the data transfer device in charge of the data.
- the ring in FIG. 26 is regarded as a line corresponding to two rings as shown in FIG.
- the line for two rings shown in FIG. 6 can be shown as in FIG.
- Each data transfer device in FIG. 7 is virtual, and the data transfer device 0 ′ and the data transfer device 0 ′′ are actual data transfer devices 0, and the data transfer device 1 ′ and the data transfer device 1 ′′ are actual.
- the substance of the data transfer device 1 and the data transfer device 3 ′ is the data transfer device 3.
- the arrow represents the data flow. With the configuration in FIG. 7, any route from when data is transmitted from the data transmission device to the data transfer device until reaching the data reception device can be supported. For example, in FIG.
- the data transfer device 3 when data having a key of 1 is transmitted from the data transmission device to the data transfer device 3, the data is transferred in the order of the data transfer device 0 and the data transfer device 1.
- the data reception device is notified.
- the data flow is the flow of the data transfer device 3 ′, the data transfer device 0 ′′, and the data transfer device 1 ′′.
- the data transfer devices 0 ′, 1 ′, 3 ′ and the data transfer devices 0 ′′, 1 ′′ are regarded as a data transfer device having a first address and a data transfer device having a second address, respectively. Can do.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of data transfer processing in the first transfer unit 50.
- the first transfer unit 50 extracts the key k and data from the first reception queue 40 (S0801), and determines whether the data transfer apparatus is a successor of the key k (S0802). Specifically, the key k is not the ID of the predecessor stored in the predecessor storage unit 64, and the distance from the ID to the key k is smaller than the distance from the ID to the ID of the data transfer apparatus. In addition, this data transfer apparatus becomes a successor of k. If the key k is not stored in the first reception queue 40, the first transfer unit 50 can obtain the key k by substituting the data extracted from the first reception queue 40 into, for example, a hash function. .
- the first transfer unit 50 stores the data to be transferred to the data reception device, and stores the key k and data in the queue in the second transmission queue 46. It is inserted (S0803).
- the first transfer unit 50 searches the routing table for a transfer destination data transfer device that is a data transfer device to which the received key k and data are transferred.
- a search process for executing the search is executed (S0804).
- a record including the ID of the transfer destination data transfer device is specified.
- the identified ID, first address, and second address of the record are also referred to as the ID, first address, and second address of the transfer destination data transfer device, respectively.
- the first transfer unit 50 determines whether the ID of the transfer destination data transfer device is larger than the ID of the present data transfer device (S0805). When the ID of the transfer destination data transfer device is larger than the ID of this data transfer device (the size relationship is one of the relationships) (S0805: Yes), the first transfer unit 50 sets the first address of the transfer destination data transfer device. The key k and the data are inserted into the queue in the first transmission queue 44 that holds the addressed data (S0806). On the other hand, when the ID of the transfer destination data transfer device is smaller than the ID of this data transfer device (the magnitude relationship is the other relationship) (S0805: No), the first transfer unit 50 sets the second transfer destination data transfer device second. The key k and the data are inserted into the queue in the first transmission queue 44 that holds the data addressed to the address (S0807).
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an example of search processing of the transfer destination data transfer device.
- the first transfer unit 50 searches for a data transfer apparatus having an ID having the smallest distance to the key k among other data transfer apparatuses registered in the routing table (S0901). When a data transfer device that matches this condition is not registered in the routing table (S0902: No), the first transfer unit 50 determines the successor of this data transfer device as the transfer destination data transfer device (S0903). On the other hand, when a data transfer device that matches this condition is registered in the routing table (S0902: Yes), the first transfer unit 50 determines that the data transfer device is a transfer destination data transfer device (S0904).
- FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing an example of data transfer processing in the second transfer unit 52.
- the second transfer unit 52 extracts the key k and data from the second reception queue 42 (S1001), and determines whether or not the data transfer apparatus is a successor of the key k (S1002).
- the second transfer unit 52 stores the key k and the data in the queue in the second transmission queue 46 that holds the data to be transferred to the data reception device. Insert (S1003).
- the second transfer unit 52 searches the routing table for a transfer destination data transfer device that is a data transfer device to which the received key k and data are transferred.
- a search process for executing the search is executed (S1004). This search process is the same as the search process (S0804) in the first transfer unit 50.
- the second transfer unit 52 inserts the key k and the data into the queue in the second transmission queue 46 that holds the data addressed to the second address of the transfer destination data transfer device. (S1005).
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing for generating and managing a routing table.
- the routing table management unit 60 determines whether or not the data transfer device is the first data transfer device in the data distribution system 10. If the data transfer device is not the first data transfer device, any data constituting the data distribution system is determined.
- the first address a e of the transfer device is acquired (S1101).
- this data transfer device is the first data transfer device in the data distribution system 10 is determined by, for example, storing information related to the data transfer device constituting the data distribution system 10 in a predetermined storage in the data distribution system 10. This can be realized by storing in the section. Further, for example, it is possible to make a determination by transmitting a predetermined message for confirming the presence or absence of another data transfer device in the data distribution system 10.
- the routing table management unit 60 executes the initialization process of the routing table (S1106), and other data transfer apparatuses Routing table update processing is executed (S1107).
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an example of the routing table initialization process.
- the routing table management unit 60 executes a successor / predecessor initialization process (S1201).
- the routing table management unit 60 sets the key whose distance from k is 2 i-1 as the base point key s i (S1203), and requests the data transfer device identified by a e for the ID and address of the successor of s i. (S1204). In the request message, an address a indicating the response destination is described in addition to the base point key s i .
- the other data transfer device receiving the request message transfers the request message to the successor of s i. Then, the s i successor that has received the request message transmits the successor ID, the first address, and the second address to address a.
- the routing table management unit 60 the start point key , ID, first address, and second address are registered in the routing table as s i , k, a, a ′, respectively.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the initialization process of the successor / predecessor.
- the routing table management unit 60 requests the ID and address of the k successor from the data transfer apparatus identified by a e (S1301). In the request message, an address a indicating a response destination is described in addition to k.
- the other data transfer apparatus that has received the request message transfers the request message to the k successors by the processing shown in FIGS.
- the successor of k that has received the request message transmits the successor ID, the first address, and the second address to address a.
- the address a ′ p is acquired (S1304) and stored in the predecessor storage unit 64 of the data transfer apparatus (S1305).
- the routing table management unit 60 sets the ID, the first address, and the second address stored in the predecessor storage unit 64 of the successor identified by the address a 1 to k, a, and a ′, respectively. Update (S1306).
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing an example of a routing table update process of another data transfer apparatus.
- the routing table management unit 60 calculates the key k -i whose distance to k is 2 i-1 (S1402), and requests the predecessor address of k -i from another data transfer apparatus (S1403). In the request message, an address a indicating a response destination is described in addition to k.
- the other data transfer apparatus that has received the request message transfers the request message to the k- i predecessor by the same processing as the processing shown in FIGS. Then, the k- i predecessor that has received the request message transmits the predecessor ID, the first address, and the second address to address a.
- the key successor is searched, but here the key predecessor is searched. Therefore, step S0802 in the process shown in FIG. 8 is not necessary.
- the ID, first address, and second address of the data transfer apparatus executing step S0903 are the response destination addresses included in the received request message. Sent to.
- the routing table management unit 60 receives the first address a ⁇ 1 of the k ⁇ i predecessor from the k ⁇ i .BR> V ready processor as a response to the request (S1404). Then, the routing table management unit 60 transmits k, a, a ′, i to the address a ⁇ 1 and executes routing table update (S1405).
- FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a routing table update process executed in another data transfer apparatus.
- the routing table management unit 60 receives the key k, the first address a, the second address a ′, and the index i (S1501).
- the routing table update process ends.
- the routing table management unit 60 uses the key whose distance from the ID of the data transfer apparatus is 2 i-1 from the routing table as the base key s. A record with i is acquired (S1503).
- the routing table management unit 60 determines whether the distance from s i to k is smaller than the distance from s i to the ID of the record (S1504). When the distance from s i to k is larger than the distance from s i to the ID of the record (S1504: No), the routing table update process ends. When the distance from s i to k is smaller than the distance from s i to the ID of the record (S1504: Yes), the routing table management unit 60 determines the ID of the record, the first address, the second Are updated to k, a, and a ′, respectively (S1505). Then, the routing table management unit 60 transmits k, a, a ′, i to the first address stored in the predecessor storage unit 64, and updates the routing table (S1506).
- the data transfer device 0 with ID 0 is activated.
- the routing table storage unit 62 and the predecessor storage unit 64 of the data transfer apparatus 0 are as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, respectively.
- step S1106 first, successor / predecessor initialization S1201 is executed.
- the ID, the first address, and the second address of the data transfer device 0 are acquired as the successor of the key 3 in steps S1301 and S1302.
- step S1303 the routing table of the data transfer device 3 is updated as shown in FIG.
- step S1304 the data transfer device 3 acquires, from the data transfer device 0, the ID, first address, and second address of the data transfer device 0 stored in the predecessor storage unit 64 as the predecessor. .
- step S1305 the predecessor storage unit 64 of the data transfer apparatus 3 becomes as shown in FIG.
- step S1306 the predecessor storage unit 64 of the data transfer apparatus 0 is updated as shown in FIGS.
- the successor / predecessor initialization process shown in FIG. 13 is completed.
- routing table of the data transfer device 3 is updated from FIG. 19 to FIG. 22 by the processing after step S1202 in the processing of FIG.
- the routing table initialization process is completed.
- routing table update processing S1107 of another data transfer apparatus is executed (FIG. 14).
- the data transfer device 0 updates the routing table (FIG. 15).
- step S1504 since the distance from the base point key 1 to the received key 3 is smaller than the distance from the base point key 1 to the key 0 of the acquired record, the process advances to step S1505.
- step S1505 the routing table of the data transfer device 0 is changed as shown in FIGS.
- step S1502 the data transfer device 3 that has received information from the data transfer device 0 determines that the received key 3 is the ID of the data transfer device 3, and ends the routing table update process.
- the data transfer device 1 with ID 1 is activated.
- the routing table storage unit 62 and the predecessor storage unit 64 of each data transfer device are as shown in FIG. Updated as shown in
- the data transfer device 3 receives data from the data transmission device 24.
- the data transfer device 3 inserts the received data into the first reception queue 40.
- the first transfer unit 50 extracts the data from the first reception queue 40, and calculates the hash value of the data as a key.
- the key calculation is performed only when the data transfer apparatus receives data from the data transmission apparatus 24.
- the calculated key is 1.
- the data transfer device 3 retrieves the key and the data from the queue and transmits them to the second address of the data transfer device 0.
- step S1005 the key k and the data are inserted into the queue (s0-4 in FIG. 5) that holds the data addressed to the second address of the data transfer apparatus 1 in the second transmission queue 46.
- the data transfer device 0 retrieves the key and the data from the queue and transmits them to the second address of the data transfer device 1.
- step S1003 the data is inserted into a queue (s1-2 in FIG. 5) that holds data to be transferred to the data receiving device 26 in the second transmission queue 46.
- the data transfer apparatus 1 extracts the key and the data from the queue and transmits them to the data receiving apparatus 26. With the above processing, data distribution from the data transmission device 24 to the data reception device 26 via the data distribution system 10 is completed.
- deadlock can be prevented since the data flow is configured not to be circular. In the present embodiment, deadlock can be prevented without depending on the size of the message communication buffer, that is, without securing a large size message communication buffer.
- this embodiment is for making an understanding of this invention easy, and is not for limiting and interpreting this invention.
- the present invention can be changed / improved without departing from the spirit thereof, and the present invention includes equivalents thereof.
- the ID of the transfer destination data transfer apparatus when the ID of the transfer destination data transfer apparatus is larger than the ID of the own apparatus, it is determined that the magnitude relationship is one of the relations, and the ID of the transfer destination data transfer apparatus is When it is smaller than the ID of the device, it is determined that the magnitude relationship is the other relationship, but it is also possible to reverse one relationship and the other relationship with the present embodiment.
- the ring is configured in ascending order of the IDs of the data transfer apparatuses.
- the ring may be configured in descending order of the IDs of the data transfer apparatuses.
- a routing table storage unit that stores a routing table including an identifier, a first address, and a second address of at least one other data transfer device connected via a network; When data addressed to the first address is received, the data becomes a transfer destination based on the relationship between the key calculated from the data and the identifier of at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table. When another data transfer device is determined and the magnitude relationship between the identifier of the own device and the identifier of the other data transfer device is one of the relationships, the data is transferred to the first address of the other data transfer device.
- a first transfer unit that transmits the data to a second address of the other data transfer device; and If the data addressed to the second address is received, the other data transfer destination is determined based on the relationship between the key of the data and the identifier of at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table.
- a data transfer device comprising: a second transfer unit that determines the data transfer device of the second data transfer device and transmits the data to the second address of the other data transfer device.
- the data transfer device determines the data transfer device having the identifier having the smallest distance from the identifier of the data transfer device as the transfer destination.
- the data transfer device according to any one of supplementary notes 1 to 4, wherein the identifier of the own device, the first address, and the second address are assigned to the other data transfer device, Transmitting to update the routing table of another data transfer device, and when receiving the identifier, first address, and second address of the other data transfer device from the other data transfer device, other data transfer
- the identifier of the other data transfer device, the first address, and the second address are received from the device, the record specified by the identifier of the other data transfer device in the routing table is changed to the first address,
- a data transfer device further comprising a routing table management unit that updates the received first address and the second address to the second address.
- storage part which memorize
- the routing table management unit updates the predecessor storage unit of another data transfer device having an identifier having the smallest distance from the identifier of the own device, the identifier of the own device, the first address, and the second Is transmitted to the other data transfer device, and the identifier, the first address, and the second address stored in the predecessor storage unit of the other data transfer device are obtained from the other data transfer device. Then, the data transfer device stores the data in the predecessor storage unit of the device itself.
- Each data transfer device in a data distribution system including a plurality of data transfer devices connected via a network has an identifier, a first address, and a second address of at least one other data transfer device When a data addressed to the first address of the device is received, a key calculated from the data and an identifier of at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table are stored.
- the data receiving device or other data transfer device is determined as the transfer destination of the data, and when the data receiving device is determined as the transfer destination, the data is transmitted to the data receiving device.
- the transfer device is determined as the transfer destination
- the magnitude relationship between the identifier of the own device and the identifier of the other data transfer device is one of the relationships.
- the data is transmitted to the first address of the other data transfer device, and when the magnitude relationship is the other relationship, the data is sent to the second address of the other data transfer device.
- the key calculated from the data and the identifier of at least one other data transfer device included in the routing table are used.
- the data receiving device or other data transfer device is determined as the data transfer destination, and when the data reception device is determined as the transfer destination, the data is transmitted to the data reception device, and the other data transfer device transfers A data transfer method for transmitting the data to a second address of the other data transfer device when determined as a destination.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施形態であるデータ配信システムの全体構成を示す図である。データ配信システム10は、複数のデータ転送装置20を含んで構成されている。各データ転送装置20は、LAN(Local Area Network)やインターネット等のネットワーク22を介して相互に通信可能に接続されている。データ配信システム10では、複数のデータ転送装置20が連携して、データ送信装置24から受信したデータを、そのデータを処理すべきデータ受信装置26へ配信する。
次に、データ配信システム10における処理の一例について説明する。まず、第1及び第2転送部50,52におけるデータ転送処理について説明する。
次に、具体例を用いて、データ配信システム10の動作を説明する。ここでは、図16に示すように、IDが0,3,1のデータ転送装置20が順にデータ配信システム10に追加されていくこととする。
(付記1)ネットワークを介して接続された少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の、識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを含む、ルーティングテーブルを記憶するルーティングテーブル記憶部と、自装置の第1のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、該データの転送先となる他のデータ転送装置を決定し、自装置の識別子と、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子との大小関係が一方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信し、前記大小関係が他方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、第1転送部と、自装置の第2のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データのキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、該データの転送先となる他のデータ転送装置を決定し、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、第2転送部と、を備えるデータ転送装置。
(付記2)付記1に記載のデータ転送装置であって、前記第1及び第2転送部は、前記データのキーと自装置の識別子とが所定の関係にある場合は、該データの転送先をデータ受信装置と決定する、データ転送装置。
(付記3)付記2に記載のデータ転送装置であって、前記第1及び第2転送部は、自装置が前記データのキー(mビット)からの2mを法とする剰余環における距離が最も小さい識別子を有する場合、前記データ受信装置を転送先として決定する、データ転送装置。
(付記4)付記1~3の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、前記第1及び第2転送部は、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の中に、該データ転送装置の識別子から前記データのキーまでの距離が自装置の識別子からの距離よりも小さいデータ転送装置が存在する場合は、該距離が最小であるデータ転送装置を転送先として決定し、自装置の識別子から前記データのキーまでの距離が最も小さい場合は、該データ転送装置の識別子からの距離が最も小さい識別子を有するデータ転送装置を転送先として決定する、データ転送装置。
(付記5)付記1~4の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、他のデータ転送装置に対して、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを、該他のデータ転送装置のルーティングテーブルを更新するために送信し、他のデータ転送装置から、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを受信すると、他のデータ転送装置から、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを受信すると、ルーティングテーブル内の該他のデータ転送装置の識別子で特定されるレコードを、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを受信した第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスに更新する、ルーティングテーブル管理部をさらに備えるデータ転送装置。
(付記6)付記5に記載のデータ転送装置であって、自装置の識別子からの距離が最も大きいデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを記憶するプレディセッサ記憶部をさらに備え、前記ルーティングテーブル管理部は、自装置の識別子からの距離が最も小さい識別子を有する他のデータ転送装置のプレディセッサ記憶部を更新するために、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを該他のデータ転送装置に送信し、該他のデータ転送装置から、該他のデータ転送装置のプレディセッサ記憶部に記憶されている識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを取得して、自装置のプレディセッサ記憶部に記憶する、データ転送装置。
(付記7)付記5または6に記載のデータ転送装置であって、前記ルーティングテーブル管理部は、自装置の初期化時に、自装置の識別子からの2mを法とする剰余環における距離が2i-1(i=1,2,・・・,m)であるキー(mビット)を算出し、該キーからの距離が最も小さい識別子を有するデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを、該キーと対応づけて、前記ルーティングテーブルに記憶する、データ転送装置。
(付記8)付記7に記載のデータ転送装置であって、他のデータ転送装置の識別子からの距離が2i-1であるキーについて、該キーからの距離が最小であるデータ転送装置が自装置である場合に、該他のデータ転送装置に対して、該他のデータ転送装置のルーティングテーブルを更新するために、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを送信する、データ転送装置。
(付記9)付記1~8の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、自装置の第1のアドレス宛で受信されたデータが一時的に格納される第1の受信キューと、自装置の第2のアドレス宛で受信されたデータが一時的に格納される第2の受信キューと、他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレスごとのキューを有する第1の送信キューと、他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレスごとのキューを有する第2の送信キューと、をさらに備え、前記第1転送部は、前記第1の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第1の送信キューの中の、該第1のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入し、前記第1の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第2の送信キューの中の、該第2のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入し、前記第2転送部は、前記第2の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第2の送信キューの中の、該第2のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入する、データ転送装置。
(付記10)ネットワークを介して接続される複数のデータ転送装置を含むデータ配信システムにおける各データ転送装置が、少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の、識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを含む、ルーティングテーブルを記憶し、自装置の第1のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、データ受信装置または他のデータ転送装置を該データの転送先として決定し、データ受信装置が転送先として決定されると、該データ受信装置に該データを送信し、他のデータ転送装置が転送先として決定されると、自装置の識別子と、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子との大小関係が一方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信し、前記大小関係が他方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信し、自装置の第2のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、データ受信装置または他のデータ転送装置を該データの転送先として決定し、データ受信装置が転送先として決定されると、該データ受信装置に該データを送信し、他のデータ転送装置が転送先として決定されると、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、データ転送方法。
20 データ転送装置
22 ネットワーク
24 データ送信装置
26 データ受信装置
40 第1受信キュー
42 第2受信キュー
44 第1送信キュー
46 第2送信キュー
50 第1転送部
52 第2転送部
60 ルーティングテーブル管理部
62 ルーティングテーブル記憶部
64 プレディセッサ記憶部
66 自装置情報記憶部
Claims (10)
- ネットワークを介して接続された少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の、識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを含む、ルーティングテーブルを記憶するルーティングテーブル記憶部と、
自装置の第1のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、該データの転送先となる他のデータ転送装置を決定し、
自装置の識別子と、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子との大小関係が一方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信し、前記大小関係が他方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、
第1転送部と、
自装置の第2のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、該データのキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、該データの転送先となる他のデータ転送装置を決定し、
該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、
第2転送部と、
を備えるデータ転送装置。 - 請求項1に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
前記第1及び第2転送部は、
前記データのキーと自装置の識別子とが所定の関係にある場合は、該データの転送先をデータ受信装置と決定する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項2に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
前記第1及び第2転送部は、
自装置が前記データのキー(mビット)からの2mを法とする剰余環における距離が最も小さい識別子を有する場合、前記データ受信装置を転送先として決定する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項1~3の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
前記第1及び第2転送部は、
前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の中に、該データ転送装置の識別子から前記データのキーまでの距離が自装置の識別子からの距離よりも小さいデータ転送装置が存在する場合は、該距離が最小であるデータ転送装置を転送先として決定し、
自装置の識別子から前記データのキーまでの距離が最も小さい場合は、該データ転送装置の識別子からの距離が最も小さい識別子を有するデータ転送装置を転送先として決定する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項1~4の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
他のデータ転送装置に対して、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを、該他のデータ転送装置のルーティングテーブルを更新するために送信し、
他のデータ転送装置から、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを受信すると、ルーティングテーブル内の該他のデータ転送装置の識別子で特定されるレコードを、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを受信した第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスに更新する、
ルーティングテーブル管理部を
さらに備えるデータ転送装置。 - 請求項5に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
自装置の識別子からの距離が最も大きいデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを記憶するプレディセッサ記憶部をさらに備え、
前記ルーティングテーブル管理部は、
自装置の識別子からの距離が最も小さい識別子を有する他のデータ転送装置のプレディセッサ記憶部を更新するために、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを該他のデータ転送装置に送信し、
該他のデータ転送装置から、該他のデータ転送装置のプレディセッサ記憶部に記憶されている識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを取得して、自装置のプレディセッサ記憶部に記憶する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項5または6に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
前記ルーティングテーブル管理部は、自装置の識別子からの2mを法とする剰余環における距離が2i-1(i=1,2,・・・,m)であるキー(mビット)を算出し、該キーからの距離が最も小さい識別子を有するデータ転送装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを、該キーと対応づけて、前記ルーティングテーブルに記憶する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項7に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
前記ルーティングテーブル管理部は、他のデータ転送装置の識別子からの距離が2i-1であるキーについて、該キーからの距離が最小であるデータ転送装置が自装置である場合に、該他のデータ転送装置に対して、該他のデータ転送装置のルーティングテーブルを更新するために、自装置の識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを送信する、
データ転送装置。 - 請求項1~8の何れか一項に記載のデータ転送装置であって、
自装置の第1のアドレス宛で受信されたデータが一時的に格納される第1の受信キューと、
自装置の第2のアドレス宛で受信されたデータが一時的に格納される第2の受信キューと、
他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレスごとのキューを有する第1の送信キューと、
他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレスごとのキューを有する第2の送信キューと、
をさらに備え、
前記第1転送部は、
前記第1の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第1の送信キューの中の、該第1のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入し、
前記第1の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第2の送信キューの中の、該第2のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入し、
前記第2転送部は、
前記第2の受信キューに格納されているデータを前記他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する際は、前記第2の送信キューの中の、該第2のアドレスに対応するキューに該データを挿入する、
データ転送装置。 - ネットワークを介して接続される複数のデータ転送装置を含むデータ配信システムにおける各データ転送装置が、
少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の、識別子、第1のアドレス、及び第2のアドレスを含む、ルーティングテーブルを記憶し、
自装置の第1のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、
該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、データ受信装置または他のデータ転送装置を該データの転送先として決定し、
データ受信装置が転送先として決定されると、該データ受信装置に該データを送信し、
他のデータ転送装置が転送先として決定されると、自装置の識別子と、該他のデータ転送装置の識別子との大小関係が一方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第1のアドレス宛に送信し、前記大小関係が他方の関係である場合は、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信し、
自装置の第2のアドレス宛のデータを受信すると、
該データから算出されるキーと、前記ルーティングテーブルに含まれる少なくとも1つの他のデータ転送装置の識別子との関係に基づいて、データ受信装置または他のデータ転送装置を該データの転送先として決定し、
データ受信装置が転送先として決定されると、該データ受信装置に該データを送信し、
他のデータ転送装置が転送先として決定されると、該データを該他のデータ転送装置の第2のアドレス宛に送信する、
データ転送方法。
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US4893307A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1990-01-09 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for linking SNA terminals to an SNA host over a packet switched communications network |
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US7016971B1 (en) * | 1999-05-24 | 2006-03-21 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Congestion management in a distributed computer system multiplying current variable injection rate with a constant to set new variable injection rate at source node |
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