WO2012130499A1 - Halbleiterchip, display mit einer mehrzahl von halbleiterchips und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Halbleiterchip, display mit einer mehrzahl von halbleiterchips und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012130499A1 WO2012130499A1 PCT/EP2012/051446 EP2012051446W WO2012130499A1 WO 2012130499 A1 WO2012130499 A1 WO 2012130499A1 EP 2012051446 W EP2012051446 W EP 2012051446W WO 2012130499 A1 WO2012130499 A1 WO 2012130499A1
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 237
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 153
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 structures Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/10—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a light reflecting structure, e.g. semiconductor Bragg reflector
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/15—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission
- H01L27/153—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars
- H01L27/156—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components having potential barriers, specially adapted for light emission in a repetitive configuration, e.g. LED bars two-dimensional arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/26—Materials of the light emitting region
- H01L33/30—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table
- H01L33/32—Materials of the light emitting region containing only elements of Group III and Group V of the Periodic Table containing nitrogen
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/44—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the coatings, e.g. passivation layer or anti-reflective coating
- H01L33/46—Reflective coating, e.g. dielectric Bragg reflector
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
- H01L33/60—Reflective elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/36—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the electrodes
- H01L33/40—Materials therefor
- H01L33/405—Reflective materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/58—Optical field-shaping elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to an optoelectronic
- Semiconductor chip comprising a semiconductor body, a display with a plurality of semiconductor chips and method for their preparation.
- Imaging elements for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display) or a DLP (digital light processor) find application.
- the imaging elements for example, an LCD (liquid crystal display) or a DLP (digital light processor) find application.
- a combination of such semiconductor chips with the imaging elements is inefficient due to optical losses and requires a large component height in the direction of the beam path.
- More efficient and compact is the approach to realize semiconductor chips and imaging element in one component.
- this disadvantageously results in the problem that radiation from an emitting semiconductor chip enters an adjacent, optionally switched-off semiconductor chip and is coupled out there. This disadvantageously decreases the contrast of such components.
- the semiconductor chip has a
- Semiconductor body has a provided for generating radiation active layer.
- the mirror layer is arranged on the side of the semiconductor body which faces away from the coupling-out surface. The distance between the active layer and the mirror layer is adjusted such that a radiation emitted by the active layer in the direction of the decoupling surface is reflected by a mirror layer that is reflected by the mirror layer
- Radiation interferes such that the semiconductor chip has a radiation characteristic of the emitted radiation in a preferred direction in the forward direction.
- Mirror layer may be a metal layer, for Example from silver, act.
- the decoupling surface and / or the mirror layer may be flat.
- An optoelectronic semiconductor chip is, in particular, a semiconductor chip which enables the conversion of electronically generated data or energies into light emission or
- the emission characteristic describes the angular dependence of the light intensity with respect to the intensity in one
- the main emission direction is the vertical direction in relation to the lateral extent of the active layer or of the semiconductor chip.
- the distance of the active layer to the active layer is the distance of the active layer to the active layer.
- Mirror layer configured so that the radiation emission of the semiconductor chip is directed more in the forward direction, ie amplified in the direction of the main emission, in particular vertical to the lateral extent of the active layer.
- the distance between the active layer and the mirror layer is adjusted so that the
- Radiation intensity in the forward direction is maximum.
- the radiation emission laterally to the active layer or to the semiconductor chip is thereby reduced due to the set distance, preferably prevented.
- the semiconductor chip thus has no Lambert's emission characteristic.
- Such an orientation is also known to the person skilled in the art under the term "beamshaping".
- the preferred direction in the forward direction is generated inter alia by resonance.
- an intensity distribution is formed, which is advantageously a Radiation emission of the semiconductor chip in the forward direction allows, ie in the direction perpendicular to the lateral
- Semiconductor body is arranged, which has a refractive index which is smaller than the refractive index of
- the semiconductor chip is not a laser but a laser
- the radiation emitted from the semiconductor chip becomes
- the active layer preferably decoupled essentially by the coupling-out surface of the semiconductor chip.
- 80% of the radiation emitted in the active layer becomes, especially
- the mirror layer can preferably also serve as a p-contact of the semiconductor chip.
- the n-contact of the semiconductor chip can preferably also serve as a p-contact of the semiconductor chip.
- the n-contact is electrical
- the n-contact is preferably one
- radiation-transmissive layer for example having TCO, or formed as a metal grid contact.
- the decoupling surface has a
- the semiconductor body has a main surface which is opposite to the
- Decoupling surface is preferably centrally in the
- Main surface arranged. This means in particular that substantially no radiation is coupled out in edge regions of the main surface, which are arranged next to the decoupling surface. Preferably, at edge regions, at most 10% of the radiation emitted by the active layer is coupled out.
- the semiconductor chip accordingly has a main area which has a plurality of areas, so-called pixels.
- a pixel comprises, for example, the decoupling surface, wherein laterally adjacent to the
- P2 P i * (d] d 3) * tan (asin (n 2 / n] _)) + d 2 * tan (c ⁇ 2), where p ] _ is the half-size of the energized active layer, P2 is the half-size of the outcoupling surface, d ] _ the height of the
- Refractive index of the potting material are, with 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 °.
- the half size corresponds to half the lateral
- the optimum minimum half-size of the associated one may be
- Decoupling surface P2 can be calculated by the above formula.
- the contrast of the semiconductor chip is limited, inter alia, by an indeterminacy of d2 * tan (c ⁇ 2), since at a large angle c ⁇ 2 the tan (0: 2) approaches infinity. This means that the contrast can not be arbitrarily large, since always a portion of the radiation adjacent to
- Outcoupling surface is coupled out.
- a Bragg mirror is arranged between the active layer and the decoupling surface.
- the Bragg mirror preferably consists of ⁇ / 4 layers, for example five ⁇ / 4 layers.
- the Bragg mirror Al x Ga (] _- x) N and GaN layers comprises.
- the arranged Bragg mirror advantageously increases the beamshaping effect and thus the efficiency of the semiconductor chip significant.
- the Bragg mirror amplifies the radiation emission in the forward direction.
- the decoupling surface and the semiconductor body have a vertical axis of symmetry, wherein preferably the
- the Bragg mirror is advantageously arranged such that a
- the Bragg mirror coincides with the axis of symmetry of the active layer and the axis of symmetry of the decoupling surface.
- the Bragg mirror is preferably in
- the semiconductor body is free of a mirror, such as the Bragg mirror.
- the active layer there is then between the active layer and the
- a reflectivity of the decoupling surface may then be, for example, between 20% and 60% inclusive, or between 25% and 50% inclusive. Such a low reflectivity is in particular by the
- the conversion layer preferably comprises a transparent ceramic or
- the conversion layer has no scattering centers such as converter particles.
- the conversion layer has a matrix material therein
- Refractive index of the converter particles and the refractive index of the matrix material are the same, so that no scattering centers are formed by the converter particles.
- the conversion layer is suitable for radiation emitted by the active layer into radiation of another
- Wavelength convert the conversion layer can be designed such that a full conversion takes place.
- full conversion is meant, in particular, that the conversion layer occupies most of the active
- the conversion layer is designed such that only part of the radiation emitted by the active layer is converted into radiation of a different wavelength, so that the chip emits mixed radiation of converted radiation and of radiation emitted by the active layer.
- the conversion layer has a different refractive index from the casting material.
- the refractive index of the conversion layer is preferably matched to the refractive index of the semiconductor material. This means that the refractive index of the conversion layer is approximated to the refractive index of the semiconductor body.
- the deviation between refractive index of the conversion layer and refractive index of the semiconductor body is as small as possible, preferably smaller than 10%. At the interface between potting material and conversion layer thus also occur Fresnel reflections, whereby reflected light back into the
- Semiconductor body is reflected, reflected there at the mirror layer and is then coupled out via the main surface.
- the semiconductor chip is an LED, preferably a thin-film LED.
- a thin-film LED is viewed in the context of the application, an LED, during which
- Semiconductor body was epitaxially grown, preferably completely detached.
- the semiconductor body in particular the semiconductor material, is preferably based on InGaN, InGaAlP or InAlGaAs.
- the semiconductor chip has no
- Conversion layer connected directly to the semiconductor body, for example by direct bonding of the semiconductor body and the conversion layer.
- the decoupling surface has a lateral extent in a range between 100 nm inclusive and 100 ⁇ inclusive.
- Decoupling surface in a range between 2 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ inclusive.
- a display has a plurality of above-mentioned semiconductor chips, which are arranged laterally next to one another.
- the semiconductor chips are laterally juxtaposed on a common carrier substrate arranged.
- the semiconductor chips are preferably arranged next to each other without spacing.
- areas may be arranged between the semiconductor chips, the active layer of which is not energized during operation, so that no radiation is generated in these areas during operation.
- a display with such semiconductor chips is characterized in particular by an increased contrast. This increased contrast can be achieved in that the individual semiconductor chips of the display each one
- the plurality of semiconductor chips has a common semiconductor body.
- the semiconductor body has an active layer which is laterally spaced from one another and energized during operation
- the semiconductor body contains semiconductor material, which is not energized in operation.
- the energized areas of the active layer and the decoupling surfaces are adjacent
- Semiconductor chips each arranged at a lateral distance from each other.
- each semiconductor chip or each region of a semiconductor chip a potting material, wherein in areas between the individual
- Potting material is arranged, but in this area the gas is trapped.
- Semiconductor chips each arranged an absorber layer.
- the semiconductor body thus has between the energized
- the absorber layer and the gas-filled recess are arranged vertically one above the other, wherein between the absorber layer and the recess
- Semiconductor material of the semiconductor body is arranged.
- This semiconductor material is not energized during operation. Eliminate the recess and the absorber layer
- Semiconductor chip is emitted in the direction of an adjacent semiconductor chip. Due to the strong refractive index jump between semiconductor material and gas, the rays emitted in the direction of the neighboring chip are totally reflected at the recess and subsequently in the absorber layer absorbed. As a result, these beams can advantageously no longer be decoupled from the neighboring chips, so that the contrast of such displays advantageously increases.
- the conversion layer has a plurality of regions which are suitable for radiation emitted by the active layer into radiation
- the latter accordingly has a plurality of regions which are suitable for irradiating the radiation emitted by the active layer into radiation
- a first region is formed so that the radiation emitted by the active layer is converted into red radiation
- a second region is formed such that the radiation emitted by the active layer is converted into green radiation
- a third region is formed, this radiation to pass unchanged or to convert to yellow radiation.
- a region of the conversion layer is arranged downstream of a semiconductor chip, so that, for example, a matrix-like arrangement of the different regions of the conversion layer is formed in plan view of the display.
- the emission color of the emitted radiation from the chip can be changed.
- a method for producing a semiconductor chip comprises the following method steps:
- Mirror layer is adjusted such that a radiation emitted by the active layer in the direction of a decoupling surface with a reflected at the mirror layer
- Radiation interferes, so that a radiation characteristic of the emitted radiation of the semiconductor chip with a
- Preferred direction is generated in the forward direction.
- the method comprises the further method step:
- a display which comprises a plurality of semiconductor chips, which are produced by the above-mentioned methods.
- Figure 1 is a schematic cross section of a
- Figures 2A to 2C each show a schematic diagram
- Figures 3, 4 each have a schematic cross section of a
- FIG. 1 shows a semiconductor chip 100 which has a semiconductor body 6 and a semiconductor body 6 arranged thereon
- Potting material 7 comprises.
- the semiconductor chip 100 is
- an LED preferably a thin-film LED.
- the semiconductor body 6 is made of semiconductor material
- the semiconductor body has one for generating radiation
- the part of the active layer to be energized during operation does not extend over the entire lateral area
- Expansion of the semiconductor body 6, but is centered in the semiconductor layers of the semiconductor body 6 is arranged. This means that, when viewed on top of the semiconductor chip 100, the semiconductor body has a central energized region during operation in which radiation is generated, with adjacent edge regions of the chip 100 not being energized during operation.
- the semiconductor body 6 comprises epitaxially deposited layers which form the semiconductor body, the active layer 2 being integrated in these layers.
- the semiconductor body 6 has a main surface on which potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the potting material 7 is arranged. On the one of the one of the semiconductor body 6
- Potting material 7 side facing away from the semiconductor body 6 is a mirror layer 1 is arranged.
- the potting material has a refractive index which is smaller than the refractive index of the semiconductor material of the semiconductor body 6
- Potting material silicone is arranged as a layer on the main surface of the semiconductor body 6.
- the Side surfaces of the semiconductor body 6 are preferably free of potting material 7.
- the mirror layer 1 is suitable, that of the active
- Layer 2 emitted radiation towards the main surface to emit. Light emerging from the semiconductor chip 100 is thereby directly from the active layer 2 in the direction
- Forward direction amplified preferably maximum.
- the semiconductor chip 100 advantageously has a decoupling surface 9, from which most of the radiation emitted in the active layer 2 from the radiation
- the decoupling surface 9 is centered in the semiconductor chip 100 is arranged, so that the semiconductor chip 100 in plan view of the semiconductor chip in the central region has the decoupling surface 9, which is adjacent to areas 10, which barely or no radiation is coupled out of the semiconductor chip.
- the optimum minimum half-size of the associated one may be
- Decoupling area P2 can be calculated by the following formula:
- Potting material 7 where c ⁇ 2 between 0 and 90 °, or between 20 ° and 60 ° inclusive.
- the distance d is, for example, between 50 nm and 130 nm inclusive, or between 75 nm and 75 nm inclusive
- the distance d is 0.5 n ] _ ⁇ , where ⁇ is a main wavelength emitted by the semiconductor chip.
- the refractive index n] _ may for example be comprised between 2.2 and 2.7 and the refractive index n2 for example of between 1.3 and 1.75.
- Potting material 7 a conversion layer 8 is arranged, which is suitable for the radiation emitted by the active layer 2 radiation in radiation of a different wavelength
- the conversion layer has a
- Refractive index n] _ Fresnel reflections occur at the boundary surfaces between the semiconductor material 6 and the potting material 7 and between the potting material 7 and the conversion layer 8, so that reflected light passes back into the semiconductor body 6 and there on the mirror layer 1 in the direction
- Outcoupling surface is reflected.
- a Bragg mirror 11 can be integrated between active layer 2 and outcoupling surface 9 in the semiconductor body 6.
- the Bragg mirror 11 has, for example five ⁇ / 4 layers of Al x Ga (] __ x) N and GaN.
- the decoupling surface 9, the Bragg mirror 11 and the active layer 2 are preferably centered in the semiconductor chip 100.
- Semiconductor chips 100 has the radiation characteristic of such a chip in comparison with conventional chips increased efficiency and improved contrast.
- the contrast is the ratio of the radiation emitted during operation from the decoupling surface 9 and the radiation emitted during operation from adjacent regions 10. In adjacent regions 10, little or no radiation is coupled out of the semiconductor chip 100.
- the lateral extent of the decoupling surface 9 can lie in a range between 100 nm to 100 ⁇ , preferably between 2 ⁇ and 10 ⁇ .
- the semiconductor chip 100 may find application in one
- FIG. 2A shows a diagram in which the efficiency of the total emission from the decoupling surface as a function of the distance d is shown.
- this diagram refers to a semiconductor chip 100 according to the
- the curve A ] _ from FIG. 2A shows that the coupling-out efficiency from the decoupling surface is directly dependent on the distance between the active layer and the mirror layer.
- the coupling-out efficiency has a maximum value at a distance of 90 nm, preferably with a tolerance of at most 10% or at most 5%.
- the decoupling efficiency decreases from the decoupling surface. This means that, in the regions above and below a distance of 90 nm, a portion of the radiation emitted by the active layer is coupled out in adjacent regions to the coupling-out surface. However, this radiation adversely reduces the contrast of such chips, which is particularly disadvantageous in display applications.
- the curve A ] _ shows a semiconductor chip 100 according to FIG.
- FIG. 2B shows a diagram in which the contrast, that is to say the proportion of the total power in adjacent regions to the outcoupling surface, is shown against the distance d between the active layer and the mirror layer.
- the curve A2 advantageously increases at higher
- the curve A2 of the diagram of Figure 2B in turn relates to a semiconductor chip according to the embodiment of Figure 1, but in which no Bragg mirror in
- a semiconductor body is integrated.
- Data point is represented by point B2.
- a semiconductor chip with an integrated Bragg mirror shows an average contrast.
- FIG. 2C shows a diagram in which the
- the curves A3 to A7 are based on semiconductor chips without integrated Bragg mirror, while the curve B3 is based on a semiconductor chip with integrated Bragg mirror.
- the curve A3 is based on a distance d3 of 100 nm, the curve A4 of 90 nm, the curve A5 of 80 nm, the curve Ag of 70 nm and the curve A7 of 110 nm.
- the curves with a large distance between active layer and mirror layer So the curves A3 and A4 show a low efficiency at an angle of 0 °.
- curves Ag and A5 show high efficiency at 0 °. At such distances thus results in a radiation characteristic with preferred direction in the forward direction, ie in the direction of 0 °. High efficiency can also be achieved with a chip with integrated Bragg mirror, see curve B3.
- FIG. 3 shows a display 1000 which has a plurality of semiconductor chips 100 which are arranged laterally next to one another.
- the semiconductor chips 100 correspond in the
- the semiconductor chips 100 of the display 1000 have a common semiconductor body 6. This means that the semiconductor chips 100 together in a composite on a
- Has areas that are energized during operation In each case, a lateral distance is arranged between the regions of the active layer energized during operation, so that the composite has regions which do not generate any radiation during operation.
- the display 1000 has a plurality of outcoupling surfaces 9, 10, which are each arranged at a lateral distance from each other.
- Each active layer is in
- each semiconductor chip 100 For each will the distance between active layer 2 and mirror layer 1 of each semiconductor chip 100 optimally adjusted, as discussed in the embodiment of Figure 1. In order nevertheless to radiation emitted into a neighboring semiconductor chip
- an absorber layer 13 may be arranged between the semiconductor chips in the potting material 7, a gas-filled recess 12 and in the semiconductor body 6 between the energized in operation areas of the active layer 2, an absorber layer 13 may be arranged. Due to the strong refractive index jump between semiconductor material and gas, the beams 14 emitted in the direction of the adjacent semiconductor chip are totally reflected at the recess 12 and absorbed in the absorber layer 13. These beams can thus not be decoupled from adjacent semiconductor chips, which advantageously the
- the absorber layer 13 and the recess 12 are arranged vertically one above the other.
- the absorber layer 13 can be directly adjacent to the mirror layer 1 in
- Semiconductor body 6 may be arranged.
- FIG. 3 is the same as the embodiment of FIG. 1 with respect to FIG.
- the conversion layer 8 of the display 1000 has a plurality of regions Ki, K 2 , which are suitable emitted from the active layer 2
- Each region of the active layer 2 to be energized during operation is a
- Each area preferably emits a differently converted one
- Wavelength compared to the other areas so that, for example, an RGB display 1000 can be realized with advantage.
- FIG. 4 substantially coincides with the exemplary embodiment of FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows a flow chart for producing a
- a semiconductor body made of semiconductor material is provided, which has an active layer provided for generating radiation.
- a mirror layer is arranged on the semiconductor body. In this case, the distance between the active layer and the mirror layer is adjusted such that one of the active layer in the direction of a coupling-out surface of the semiconductor body
- the invention is not limited by the description based on the embodiments of these, but includes each new feature and any combination of features, which in particular any combination of features in the
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/008,638 US9112089B2 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-01-30 | Semiconductor chip, display comprising a plurality of semiconductor chips and methods for the production thereof |
CN201280016454.7A CN103460414B (zh) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-01-30 | 半导体芯片、具有多个半导体芯片的显示器和其制造方法 |
JP2014500298A JP5763261B2 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-01-30 | ディスプレイおよびその製造方法 |
KR1020157034429A KR101723330B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-01-30 | 반도체 칩, 복수의 반도체 칩을 포함하는 디스플레이, 및 그 제조 방법 |
KR1020137019912A KR101625271B1 (ko) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-01-30 | 반도체 칩, 복수의 반도체 칩을 포함하는 디스플레이, 및 그 제조 방법 |
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DE102011015726.3A DE102011015726B9 (de) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-03-31 | Halbleiterchip, Display mit einer Mehrzahl von Halbleiterchips und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
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JP (1) | JP5763261B2 (de) |
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DE102011102032A1 (de) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-22 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronisches Halbleitermodul und Display mit einer Mehrzahl derartiger Module |
DE102013107862A1 (de) * | 2013-07-23 | 2015-01-29 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Oberflächenmontierbares optoelektronisches Halbleiterbauteil und Verfahren zur Herstellung zumindest eines oberflächenmontierbaren optoelektronischen Halbleiterbauteils |
DE102014108295A1 (de) * | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-17 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Licht emittierendes Halbleiterbauelement |
DE102017129623B4 (de) * | 2017-12-12 | 2024-03-28 | OSRAM Opto Semiconductors Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Licht emittierendes Halbleiterbauelement |
DE102018132542A1 (de) | 2018-12-17 | 2020-06-18 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Optoelektronische leuchtvorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren |
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DE102011015726A1 (de) | 2012-10-04 |
CN103460414B (zh) | 2016-07-13 |
CN103460414A (zh) | 2013-12-18 |
TWI470842B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
US20140061667A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
KR20130095321A (ko) | 2013-08-27 |
DE102011015726B4 (de) | 2023-04-27 |
DE102011015726B9 (de) | 2023-07-13 |
JP5763261B2 (ja) | 2015-08-12 |
JP2014510411A (ja) | 2014-04-24 |
KR20150143874A (ko) | 2015-12-23 |
KR101625271B1 (ko) | 2016-05-27 |
US9112089B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 |
TW201251143A (en) | 2012-12-16 |
KR101723330B1 (ko) | 2017-04-04 |
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