WO2012127977A1 - 水道中央監視制御装置、水道監視制御システムおよび水道監視制御プログラム - Google Patents

水道中央監視制御装置、水道監視制御システムおよび水道監視制御プログラム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012127977A1
WO2012127977A1 PCT/JP2012/054539 JP2012054539W WO2012127977A1 WO 2012127977 A1 WO2012127977 A1 WO 2012127977A1 JP 2012054539 W JP2012054539 W JP 2012054539W WO 2012127977 A1 WO2012127977 A1 WO 2012127977A1
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Prior art keywords
cost
unit
pump
control
facility
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PCT/JP2012/054539
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
進吾 足立
雅 河原林
信補 高橋
達広 佐藤
弘泰 安富
田所　秀之
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株式会社日立製作所
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/02—Public or like main pipe systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/063—Operations research, analysis or management
    • G06Q10/0637—Strategic management or analysis, e.g. setting a goal or target of an organisation; Planning actions based on goals; Analysis or evaluation of effectiveness of goals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G06Q10/067—Enterprise or organisation modelling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a water supply central monitoring and control device, a water supply monitoring and control system, and a water supply monitoring and control program.
  • a water supply central monitoring and control device for obtaining an optimal operation plan for cost evaluation and controlling a water supply facility based on the operation plan
  • the present invention relates to a water monitoring control system and a water monitoring control program.
  • Patent Document 1 describes that a water supply operation evaluation apparatus capable of evaluating the operation cost of the entire water supply facility by calculating the operation cost (chemical cost and power cost) of the entire water supply facility is described.
  • Patent Document 2 describes that the difference in power consumption between the pump and the blower due to the change in the equipment configuration and the operation method can be evaluated with high accuracy.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a mechanism of a water supply operation evaluation device.
  • the water supply operation evaluation apparatus of Patent Document 1 can only perform cost evaluation in proportion to the daily amount of water intake, water supply, and water distribution.
  • Patent Document 2 describes the mechanism of an energy diagnostic device.
  • the energy diagnostic device of Patent Document 2 provides a simulation device that gives up to the discharge amount of an individual pump or calculates the discharge amount of an individual pump when evaluating energy in a facility that controls a plurality of pumps in cooperation. Must be prepared.
  • the facility operation method for minimizing the energy consumption in the entire water supply facility is obtained by optimization technology using the evaluation by the energy diagnostic device, the operation method up to the discharge amount of the individual pump For this reason, the calculation space for the optimization calculation may increase because the search space becomes enormous or the calculation amount of the simulation device for calculating the discharge amount of the individual pump is large.
  • the present invention can take into account non-linearity and multi-value characteristics of flow rate and cost, and use a cost calculation with a reduced calculation load to make a water supply operation plan that minimizes operation cost and to perform central control for facility control.
  • a control device is provided.
  • a central monitoring system that obtains an optimal operation plan for cost evaluation that takes into account the nonlinearity of the correspondence between flow rate and cost, especially in the distribution pump facility, and the hysteresis of the number of pumps, and controls the water supply facility based on the operation plan
  • a control device is provided.
  • the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above-mentioned problems.
  • a water supply central monitoring and control device that controls intake pump facilities, water pump facilities, distribution pump facilities, etc.
  • a device characteristic storage unit that stores device characteristics for each pump unit of the facility, a control rule storage unit that stores control rules that determine the operation method of each pump unit in the controlled facility, a device characteristic storage unit, and a control rule storage unit Based on this information, construct a cost model for each controlled facility, store the cost model storage unit in the cost model storage unit, and use the cost model stored in the cost model storage unit
  • a cost calculation unit that evaluates the cost
  • an operation plan optimization unit that creates optimal water supply operation plan data that minimizes the operation cost evaluated by the cost calculation unit
  • the cost model has a state transition relationship with the number of pumps in the controlled facility as a state, with a communication unit that transmits appropriate operation plan data to the controlled facility and a human interface unit that interfaces with the operator.
  • a function that gives a cost with the discharge flow rate of the controlled facility in each state as an input, and the cost calculation unit is configured by a state transition machine that executes a state transition expression of the cost model.
  • an optimum operation plan is obtained with respect to cost evaluation taking into account the remarkable flow rate and cost nonlinearity in the distribution pump facility and the hysteresis of the number of pumps operated, and the central point for controlling the water supply facility based on the operation plan.
  • a monitoring control device and a water monitoring control system can be provided. Problems, configurations, and effects other than those described above will be clarified by the following description of embodiments.
  • the water supply pump operation optimizing device that constructs a cost model from device characteristics and control rules will be described.
  • the water supply is not limited to the water supply, but includes industrial water (industrial water), rainwater / reclaimed water, and agricultural water.
  • a water supply monitoring and control system 500 includes a water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101, a control target facility 151, and a control target facility 152.
  • the water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101 includes a cost model construction unit 111, a cost calculation unit 112, an operation plan optimization unit 113, a demand prediction unit 114, a device characteristic / control rule update unit 115, and a device characteristic storage unit 121.
  • the water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101 is connected to a control target facility 151 and a control target facility 152 that are targets of monitoring and control via a communication unit 142.
  • the control target facility 151 includes a remote facility control device 161 and a control target facility (pump) 171.
  • the control target facility 152 includes a remote facility control device 162 and a control target facility (valve) 172.
  • the water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101 is connected to only two facilities, ie, a control target facility 151 and a control target facility 152, but in general, there are many facilities such as a transfer water distribution pump facility, a water purification plant, and a water distribution plant.
  • the facility to be controlled is a water supply facility connected to the water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101 via a network.
  • the facility to be controlled is a facility that collects measurement information in the waterworks central monitoring and control device 101 and / or transmits information related to the control method from the waterworks central monitoring and control device 101.
  • the cost model construction unit 111 includes, for each control target facility composed of one or a plurality of pumps such as the control target facility 151, the device characteristics of each pump of the control target facility stored in the device characteristic storage unit 121. And the control rule of the said control object facility stored in the control rule memory
  • the cost calculation unit 112 Based on the cost model read from the cost model storage unit 123, the cost calculation unit 112 costs the operation plan data 340 given from the operation plan optimization unit 113 to control with the operation plan data 340. Is calculated and output as cost data 131. However, since the operation plan data 340 is information indicating the operation method of all the facilities to be controlled, the cost calculation unit 112 reads the cost model from the cost model storage unit 123 for each control object facility, and operates the facility. Is extracted from the operation plan data 340 and the cost of the facility is calculated. Subsequently, the cost calculation unit 112 calculates the cost data by adding all the control target facilities. The operation cost of all the facilities to be controlled can be expressed by Equation 1.
  • Ctotal Operating cost of all controlled facilities [kWh] j: Index indicating the facility to be controlled M: Total number of facilities to be controlled C (j): Operating cost of the facility j to be controlled [kWh] It is. A method of calculating the operation cost C (j) of each facility j will be described later in the description of FIG. 11 together with the description of the cost model.
  • the operation cost can be calculated and added in the same manner by regarding the facility as a control target facility. This is the case, for example, when there is a facility that is not connected to the water supply central monitoring and control apparatus 101 but whose operation cost is to be considered.
  • the cost data 131 includes cost information including the operation cost Ctotal of all the control target facilities, and may include cost information of each control target facility in addition to the operation cost Ctotal of all the control target facilities.
  • the cost means the amount of power consumed for pump operation (facility operation).
  • an index obtained by converting the power consumption such as the purchase cost (power charge) of the power consumption considering the change in unit price for each time zone, and the greenhouse gas equivalent value of the power consumption.
  • the operation plan optimization unit 113 reads out the constraint conditions to be satisfied by the operation plan from the facility constraint storage unit 124, uses the demand forecast value of the water supply for each region obtained from the demand prediction unit 114 as a constraint condition, and satisfies these constraint conditions Operation plan candidates are output as operation plan data 340. Further, the operation plan optimization unit 113 refers to the cost data 131 calculated by the cost calculation unit 112 with respect to the operation plan data 340 output earlier, searches for another operation plan candidate for further reducing the cost, and operates The process of outputting the plan data 340 is repeated. By repeating the above process until some stop condition is satisfied, the operation plan optimization unit 113 calculates an operation plan that minimizes the cost.
  • the operation plan optimization unit 113 stores the calculated optimal operation plan data in the operation plan storage unit 125.
  • the function of the operation plan optimization unit 113 can be described as an optimization problem as a mathematical programming method.
  • the function of the operation plan optimization unit 113 can be implemented using a mathematical optimization method using a simplex method or a branch and bound method, a metaheuristic method such as a genetic algorithm, or the like.
  • the device characteristic / control rule update unit 115 updates the device characteristic information of the pump of the control target facility from the actual operation data accumulated in the actual operation data storage unit 126, and updates the storage contents of the device characteristic storage unit 121. In addition, information such as the water supply pipeline model of the control target facility is updated, and the storage content of the control rule storage unit 122 is updated.
  • the human interface unit 141 stores the cost data 131 calculated by the cost calculation unit 112 for various types of information stored in the device characteristic storage unit 121, the control rule storage unit 122, and the cost model storage unit 123, and optimal operation plan data.
  • the information is displayed through a display device or the like and presented to the operator of the waterworks central monitoring and control device 101.
  • the human interface unit 141 may include a display device (not shown).
  • the communication unit 142 transmits optimal operation plan data stored in the operation plan storage unit 125 to each control target facility such as the control target facility 151 and the control target facility 152.
  • the communication unit 142 collects actual operation data from each control target facility and stores the actual operation data in the actual operation data storage unit 126.
  • Operation result data refers to the discharge flow rate, discharge pressure, etc. of the pump facility to be controlled.
  • the control target facility 151 converts the operation plan data received by the remote facility control device 161 into a control signal for the control target facility such as a pump, and reflects it in the operation state of the control target facility (pump) 171. Further, the remote facility control device 161 collects measurement information such as discharge flow rate and discharge pressure from each measuring device and transmits it to the waterworks central monitoring and control device 101. The same processing is also performed at the control target facility 152 and the like, and the operation of the water supply facility is optimized by reflecting the optimum operation plan created by the waterworks central monitoring and control apparatus 101 in the operation state of the facility.
  • pump No. 1 201 and pump No. 2 202 are variable speed pumps
  • pump No. 3 203 is a fixed speed pump
  • the discharge valve 211 is a discharge valve of the pump No. 1 machine 201
  • the discharge valve 212 is a discharge valve of the pump No. 2 machine 202
  • the discharge valve 213 is a discharge valve of the pump No. 3 machine 203.
  • the suction well 221 supplies water to the pumps 201 to 203.
  • the measuring instrument 231 is a measuring instrument for the discharge flow rate and the discharge pressure.
  • the arrow line connecting each equipment represents a pipeline in the facility.
  • the remote facility control device 161 in FIG. 1 includes an operation / stop signal of the pump No. 1 201 including the opening setting of the discharge valve 211, the rotation speed of the pump No. 1 201, the discharge Operation / stop signal of pump No. 2 202 including opening setting of valve 212, rotation number of pump No. 2 202, operation / stop signal of pump No. 3 203 including opening setting of discharge valve 213 are transmitted as control signals. To do.
  • the remote facility control device 161 operates / stops the pump No. 1 201, the rotational speed of the pump No. 1 201, the opening information of the discharge valve 211, the power consumption of the pump No. 1 201, the operation / Stop state, rotation speed of pump No. 2 202, opening information of discharge valve 212, power consumption of pump No. 2 202, operation / stop state of pump No. 3 203, opening information of discharge valve 213, pump No. 3 of 203
  • the power consumption, the water level information of the suction well 221, the discharge flow rate from the measuring device 231 and the discharge flow rate information are collected.
  • the power consumption may be measured by combining the current measurement value by the ammeter and the power factor measurement value to estimate the power.
  • the waterworks central monitoring and control device 101 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 110, a memory 120, a media input / output unit 130, an input unit 140, a communication control unit 142, a display unit 145, and peripheral devices.
  • the IF unit 180 and a bus 190 are included.
  • the CPU 110 executes a program on memory 120.
  • the memory 120 temporarily stores programs, tables, and the like.
  • the media input / output unit 130 holds programs, tables, and the like.
  • the input unit 140 is a keyboard, a mouse, or the like.
  • the communication control unit 142 is the communication unit 142 in FIG.
  • the communication control unit 142 is connected to the network 400.
  • the display unit 145 is the display illustrated in FIG.
  • the peripheral device IF unit 180 is an interface such as a printer.
  • the bus 190 interconnects the CPU 110, the memory 120, the media input / output unit 130, the input unit 140, the communication control unit 142, the display unit 145, and the peripheral device IF unit 180.
  • the cost model construction unit 111 the cost calculation unit 112, the operation plan optimization unit 113, the demand prediction unit 114, and the device characteristic / control rule update unit 115 in FIG. This is realized by the CPU 110 executing the program.
  • the equipment characteristic table 300 is composed of a facility 301, a pump unit 302, a flow rate-lift characteristic 303, a flow rate-efficiency characteristic 304, a variable speed 305, and a standardized rotation speed control range 306. Has been.
  • the equipment characteristic table 300 is standardized for each pump unit of the controlled facility, whether it is flow rate-head characteristics, flow rate-efficiency characteristics, whether the speed can be controlled (whether it is variable speed), or variable speed. Information is held for each of the rotation speed control ranges.
  • the flow rate-head characteristic (QH characteristic curve) of one specific pump among the apparatus characteristic information stored in the apparatus characteristic storage unit 121 will be described.
  • the device characteristic table 300 holds the same flow rate-lift characteristic 303 for each pump unit of the controlled facility.
  • the flow rate-head characteristics are known to be approximated by either Equation 2 or Equation 3.
  • Q Pump discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h]
  • A, B, C coefficient independent for each equation ⁇ : power.
  • the type of the approximate formula and the coefficients A, B, and C may be held.
  • a plurality of representative flow rate and head pairs may be held as data, and the flow rate-head characteristics may be approximated by a polygonal line connecting these data with straight lines.
  • the device characteristic table 300 holds the same flow rate-efficiency characteristic 304 for each pump unit of the controlled facility.
  • the flow rate-efficiency characteristic is known to be approximated by either of the following equations (6) or (7).
  • pump efficiency refers to the value obtained by dividing the work rate performed on the water discharged by the pump by the power supplied to drive the pump. In other words, it generally indicates a value obtained by multiplying the pump machine efficiency described in the machine specifications of the pump, the efficiency of the electric motor, and the efficiency of the control device such as an inverter in the case of rotation speed control.
  • the pump machine efficiency, the motor efficiency, and the inverter efficiency may be separately maintained.
  • the flow rate-efficiency characteristics take different curves depending on changes in the rotational speed, as shown by the solid and broken lines in FIG. Similar to the flow rate-head characteristics, the effect of rotational speed control can be approximated by the pump similarity law. Alternatively, the flow rate-efficiency characteristics at typical rotation speeds may be retained, and the flow rate-efficiency characteristics may be approximated by performing interpolation for other rotation speeds.
  • the power (cost) when the operating state is determined for one pump can be evaluated by the device characteristics stored in the device characteristic storage unit 121. Since the work rate performed on the water discharged by the pump is expressed by the product of the discharge flow rate and the head, the power required for driving the pump can be expressed by Equation 8.
  • E k ⁇ Q ⁇ H / ⁇ (Formula 8) here, E: Electric power required for driving the pump [kW] Q: Pump discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h] H: Total pump head [m] ⁇ : Pump efficiency [-] k: Proportional coefficient [kWh / m ⁇ 4] It is.
  • determining the operating state means determining Q (discharge flow rate), H (total head), and ⁇ (efficiency) of the above formula using the characteristics shown in FIGS.
  • the operating state changes depending on the operating state of other pumps in the same facility and the characteristics of the pipelines / distribution zones for sending water from the facility. In the case of a variable speed pump, the selection of the rotational speed also affects the operating state.
  • control rule table 310 includes a facility 311, an operation number switching flow rate table 320, a pump unit operation order 313, presence / absence of flow rate / pressure control 314, and a flow rate / pressure control method 315. .
  • the control rule table 310 includes, for each control target facility, a switching flow rate table for controlling the number of pumps operated, an operation order determination method for pump units, whether discharge flow rate and discharge pressure are controlled, and a method for controlling discharge flow rate and discharge pressure. It holds information about each.
  • the operation order determination method of the pump unit refers to a control rule that determines in what order a plurality of pump units in the facility are started or stopped. This control rule is generally set for the purpose of equalizing the operation time of the pump.
  • the use of the variable speed pump has the effect of reducing the power consumption, so that it is generally used in preference to the fixed speed pump.
  • the information on the switching flow rate table of the pump operation number control and the operation order determination method of the pump unit can be replaced with other information that defines the transition condition of the state transition related to the operation number of the pump facility described later with reference to FIG.
  • the operating state is determined by determining the pump unit to be operated.
  • a method for setting the discharge pressure and a method for setting the discharge flow rate, as representative methods for the discharge flow rate and discharge pressure control.
  • the pump rotation speed is controlled with the aim of setting the discharge pressure, and the discharge flow rate is allowed to change depending on the demand amount of the water distribution area.
  • the discharge pressure setting method is stored in the remote facility control device 161, for example.
  • the control rule storage unit 122 also holds the contents of the discharge pressure setting method. Details will be described later with reference to FIG. 8A.
  • the pump rotation speed and valve opening degree are controlled with the aim of setting the discharge flow rate, and the discharge pressure is allowed to change arbitrarily within a range where smooth water supply is possible.
  • the discharge flow rate and the discharge pressure are not adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the discharge valve.
  • control target facility 151 is the above-described water supply pump facility including a variable speed pump unit
  • the pipe of the water supply destination from the control target facility 151 A model of the channel (flow-pressure characteristics) is required.
  • This water supply pipe model is also held in the control rule storage unit 122. Details will be described later with reference to FIG. 8B.
  • FIG. 8A shows a method called estimated terminal pressure constant control, which is one of typical discharge pressure setting methods.
  • the discharge pressure is determined by Equation 9 from the discharge flow rate (or a value obtained by subjecting the discharge flow rate to some averaging process).
  • P P0 + C ⁇ Q ⁇ 1.85 (Formula 9) here, P: Discharge pressure [kPa] Q: Discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h] P0, C: coefficients.
  • any method for determining the discharge pressure only from the discharge flow rate can be used. It is also possible to use discharge pressure constant control that sets a constant discharge pressure for an arbitrary discharge flow rate.
  • the method of determining the discharge pressure depending on the discharge flow rate of other facilities can also be handled by the method described in detail in the description of FIG.
  • the pipeline model among the control rule information stored in the control rule storage unit 122 will be described.
  • the same pipeline model is maintained for facilities (such as water pump facilities) that control the number of revolutions by setting the discharge flow rate in the controlled facilities including the variable speed pump unit.
  • the pipe model represents the relationship of the discharge pressure P [kPa] that is required when the discharge flow rate Q [m ⁇ 3 / h] is allowed to flow through the pipe to which water is sent from the facility.
  • Formula 10 assuming the Hazen-Williams formula as pressure loss in the pipeline is used.
  • P P0 + C ⁇ Q ⁇ 1.85 (Expression 10) here, P: Discharge pressure [kPa] Q: Discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h] P0, C: coefficients.
  • the coefficient P0 depends on the altitude of the facility and the elevation difference between the water supply destination (exit of the pipeline), and C depends on the length and the diameter of the pipeline.
  • the information on the pressure setting method is a control parameter determined with arbitraryness, while the information on the pipe model is a model of the actual control target.
  • the operating number switching flow rate table 320 includes a pump operating number 321 after stopping, a pump operating number 322 after starting, a pump stopping flow rate 323, and a pump starting flow rate 324.
  • the operating unit switching flow rate table 320 is a guideline for increasing the number of pumps operated when the discharge flow rate increases and a flow rate for reducing the number of pumps operated when the discharge flow rate decreases. Information is retained. If the flow rate to increase the number of units and the flow rate to decrease the number are the same, if the discharge rate changes in small increments before and after that flow rate, the pump may start and stop frequently, and the deterioration of pumps and electrical equipment may be accelerated There is. Therefore, it is common to perform control by changing the flow rate for increasing the number and the flow rate for decreasing the number. A phenomenon in which the number of operating pumps is different even at the same discharge flow rate is called hysteresis. In the example of FIG. 9, it is described that the pump unit is not specified, but in the case of a facility having a plurality of pumps having different characteristics, a table specifying a specific pump unit may be used.
  • the cost model table stored in the cost model storage unit 123 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the cost model table 330 includes a facility 331, a type 332, and a cost model 333.
  • the cost model table 330 stores at least one type 332 and cost model information 333 for each facility 331 to be controlled.
  • the type 332 is an item representing the precision of the cost model or the degree of approximation. Details of the contents of the type 332 and the cost model 333 will be described later in the description of FIGS.
  • This facility is the control target facility shown in FIG. 2 and is the water distribution pump station B in FIGS. 4 and 7.
  • this facility is referred to as a control target facility 151.
  • This facility 151 includes a total of three pumps, two variable speed pumps (No. 1 and No. 2) and one fixed speed pump (No. 3).
  • the control performed by the remote facility control device 161 will be described.
  • the discharge flow rate changes across the flow rate threshold values described in the switching flow rate table of FIG. 9, the number of pumps to be operated is changed.
  • the second pump is activated when the discharge flow rate exceeds 11 m 3 / min.
  • Unit 1 or Unit 2 which is a variable speed pump
  • Unit 3 is additionally operated only when two units are already operating. However, be sure to operate at least one pump.
  • Unit 1 and Unit 2 are operating and one of them is stopped, the unit with the long cumulative operation time is stopped to average the pump operation time.
  • the rotational speeds of the first and second machines are controlled so that the pressure setting (constant estimated terminal pressure) shown in FIG. 8A is obtained.
  • the cost model in the present embodiment includes a state transition relationship that abstracts a change in the pump operation state of the facility, and a function that calculates power consumption from the discharge flow rate of the facility in each state (hereinafter, power consumption function). .
  • FIG. 11A is a state transition diagram showing a state transition relationship
  • FIG. 11B is a graph in which power consumption functions in each state are displayed in an overlapping manner.
  • states AX, AY, B, and C represent information on whether each pump unit in the facility is operating or in operation.
  • the state AX represents an operation state in which the first unit is operating and the second unit and the third unit are stopped.
  • FIG. 11A is a state transition diagram reproducing the control related to the number of pumps of the remote facility control device 161 described above.
  • the discharge flow rate changes across the threshold values described in the operation number switching flow rate table 320 of FIG.
  • the remote facility control device 161 shifts to the state AX or the state AY depending on the accumulated operation time of the first and second units. To do.
  • Each graph in FIG. 11B represents power consumption when the discharge flow rate is determined in each state.
  • a power consumption function for each state it is possible to reproduce a phenomenon (hysteresis) in which the power consumption varies depending on the state even at the same flow rate.
  • the function for calculating the power consumption from the facility discharge flow rate in each state does not necessarily need to be a function of only the facility discharge flow rate. The function may depend on the water level of the suction well on the suction side of the pump facility or the discharge flow rate of another facility as a parameter.
  • the proportional cost model can be an evaluation value that is relatively over or under biased by 20% or more.
  • the state AX in which only the No. 1 pump is operating and the state AY in which only the No. 2 pump is operating have different power consumption functions. This expresses the difference in power consumption due to the difference in device characteristics between Unit 1 and Unit 2. Even if Unit 1 and Unit 2 are the same type of pump, there may be differences in equipment characteristics due to aging. By using a cost model that considers the operating state as shown in FIG. 11A, a precise cost evaluation can be performed even in such a case.
  • the cost calculation unit 112 has a state machine (state transition machine) for each control target facility, calculates the cost (power consumption) with the power consumption function according to the state while simulating the state transition relationship of the cost model, The cost (power consumption) of the facility is calculated by integrating the cost (power consumption) of each time.
  • state transition machine state transition machine
  • the cost model evaluates the instantaneous value of power consumption from the instantaneous value of the discharge flow rate, but it is also applied as it is to an average value of about 10 minutes to 1 hour that is generally used for the operation plan data 340.
  • changes in the discharge flow rate of waterworks facilities are relatively gradual and do not change significantly in about 10 minutes.
  • water intake from the water source or water supply to the reservoir is only once or less per hour. Since the discharge flow rate is not switched, the accuracy can be maintained even by the above application method.
  • the evaluation target of the cost model of the present embodiment may be a power charge required to cover the power consumption of the pump.
  • the electricity rate is low at night when the electricity consumption is low. Since the unit price at night may be about 1/3 of the daytime, it is desirable to use it.
  • By drafting a water supply operation plan at a pitch of 1 hour or less instead of a daily amount it is possible to evaluate a power rate including a change in unit price, and a water supply operation plan using nighttime power can be made.
  • FIG. 12A is a state transition diagram showing the state transition relationship
  • FIG. 12B is a graph in which the power consumption function in each state is superimposed and displayed.
  • the cost model shown in FIG. 12 is an example of a cost model obtained by approximately simplifying the cost model shown in FIG.
  • states A, B, and C represent information on the number of pumps operating in the facility.
  • the state A represents an operation state in which the number of pumps operated is one.
  • State A represents a state in which state AX and state AY in FIG. 11A are integrated
  • state B represents a state equivalent to state B in FIG. 11A
  • state C represents a state equivalent to state C in FIG. 11A.
  • the power consumption function in the state A is a function obtained by averaging the values of the power consumption functions of the states AX and AY. Due to the averaging, it is not possible to evaluate the cost considering the difference in equipment characteristics between the Unit 1 and Unit 2 pumps, but the simplified model eliminates the need to consider the cumulative operating time of the Pump Unit. There is a merit that the evaluation is simple.
  • the operation plan optimizing unit 113 When the operation plan optimizing unit 113 generates and evaluates a large number of operation plan data 340, the amount of calculation required for cost evaluation can be reduced and the optimization problem class can be changed by simplifying the cost evaluation. Will enable faster optimization techniques. If there is no significant difference between the machine characteristics of the Unit 1 pump and the Unit 2 pump, the cost model shown in FIG. 12 can be changed to a simpler model without causing a new error in the cost evaluation compared to the cost model shown in FIG. It is.
  • FIG. 13 another cost model of the same facility as in FIG. 11 among the cost model information stored in the cost model storage unit 123 will be described.
  • FIG. 13A is a state transition diagram showing a state transition relationship
  • FIG. 13B is a graph in which the power consumption function in each state is superimposed and displayed.
  • the cost model in FIG. 13 is an example of a cost model obtained by further simplifying the cost model in FIG.
  • the power consumption function is a function obtained by approximating the plurality of power consumption functions in FIG. 12B with a single piecewise linear function (polygonal line) (piecewise linear approximation).
  • the broken line represents the power consumption function of FIG. 12B before approximation.
  • the multi-valued cost due to the difference in the number of pumps cannot be taken into account due to the model without state transition.
  • an error due to piecewise linear approximation of a nonlinear function also occurs.
  • the merit of simplifying the cost model is enhanced.
  • the cost model is used for evaluating the operation plan data 340, a certain evaluation error is allowed. This is because the demand forecast value output from the demand forecast unit 114 also has an error, and the operation plan data 340 calculated from the demand forecast value inevitably causes an error during control.
  • the operation plan optimization unit 113 and the cost calculation unit 112 are optimized for a linear programming problem or a mixed integer linear programming problem. Can be implemented by the engine. For this reason, a high-speed solution is possible, and the calculation time required for making an optimum operation plan can be shortened.
  • the flow rate-energy cost model of the facility composed of three fixed speed pumps among the cost model information stored in the cost model storage unit 123 will be described. It is an example. This facility basically does not perform rotation speed control or valve opening control, and controls discharge flow rate and discharge pressure only by starting and stopping the pump.
  • FIG. 14A is a state transition diagram showing a state transition relationship
  • FIG. 14B is a graph in which power consumption functions in each state are superimposed and displayed.
  • States A, B, and C in FIG. 14A are information representing the number of operating pumps, as in FIG. 12A.
  • the power consumption function in FIG. 14B is also a function that takes the value of power consumption only at discrete discharge flow rates according to the pump operating state.
  • the power consumption function indicated by the broken line in FIG. 14B can be selected.
  • FIG. 15 a processing flow in the cost model construction unit 111 for constructing a cost model for one control target facility will be described.
  • the construction process of the cost model will be described for the facility 151 described with reference to FIGS.
  • the cost model construction unit 111 uses the information stored in the control rule storage unit 122 to create a state transition relationship that reproduces the operation / stop state of each pump unit in the facility. create.
  • the control rule table 310 of FIG. 7 the operation number switching flow rate table 320 and the pump unit operation sequence 313 are used. Further, as described in the description of FIG. 11A, conditions for state transition between the states are determined, and the range of the discharge flow rate in charge of each state is determined.
  • the discharge flow rate realized in the state is obtained using the pipe line model in FIG. 8B and the device characteristics of the pump unit in operation in each state.
  • the combined flow-head characteristics when multiple pumps are operating in parallel are obtained as follows. Assuming that the discharge flow rate of the No. 1 pump is Q11 when the lift is H1, and the discharge flow rate of the No. 1 pump is Q12, when the No. 1 pump and the No. 2 pump are operating, the discharge flow rate is Q11 + Q12 when the lift is H1. It becomes.
  • the intersection of the combined flow rate-lift characteristic as described above and the pipe model of FIG. 8B is the discharge flow rate realized in the state.
  • the cost model construction unit 111 determines a function (power consumption function) for calculating the power consumption from the discharge flow rate of the facility for each state obtained in step 1401 of the state transition relationship construction. .
  • a function power consumption function
  • the range lower limit value and upper limit value
  • control parameters for realizing a fixed discharge flow rate are determined according to the discharge pressure and discharge flow rate control method 315 shown in the control rule table 310 of FIG.
  • the power consumption of each pump unit corresponding to the control parameter is calculated from the device characteristic information as described in the explanation of FIG. 6, and the power consumption of each pump unit is summed and determined as the power consumption of the facility.
  • the discharge flow rate Q3 of the fixed speed No. 3 pump at the head H is determined.
  • the remaining flow rate (Q-Q3) may be assigned to the variable flow pump No. 1 and No. 2 at the same flow rate.
  • the rotational speeds S1 and S2 at which the head is H and the flow rate is (QQ3) / 2 are determined from the device characteristic information (flow rate-head characteristics).
  • the efficiency ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 of each pump unit is obtained from the head H and the flow rates Q1, Q2, and Q3 thus obtained, and the power consumption E1, E2, and E3 of each pump unit is calculated using the formula described in the explanation of FIG. it can.
  • the power consumption of the facility at the discharge flow rate Q is defined as E1 + E2 + E3.
  • step 1403 of model simplification the cost model construction unit 111 simplifies the cost model as described in the cost model of FIG. 11 to the cost model of FIG. 12 and further the cost model of FIG. To do. From the viewpoint of simplification, there are simplification of the state transition relation and simplification of the power consumption function.
  • the state AX and the state AY have almost the same discharge flow rate range, and the power consumption function is the same at the same discharge flow rate. This is realized when the pump No. 1 and the pump No. 2 are the same type of pumps.
  • the model can be simplified to the cost model of FIG. 12 by finding similar states such that the difference in the range of the discharge flow rate and the difference in the power consumption function are equal to or less than a certain threshold, and integrating these states. .
  • the power consumption function is a nonlinear function
  • it can be approximated by a piecewise linear function.
  • a polygonal line obtained by arbitrarily selecting several discharge flow rates and connecting points on the selected discharge flow rates on the graph is one piecewise linear approximation.
  • the approximation accuracy may be evaluated as a sum of squares of differences in the discharge flow rates, and an approximation that minimizes the sum of squares may be obtained.
  • the cost model obtained in this way is stored in the cost model storage unit 123 together with the degree of simplification, that is, the precision of the cost model or the degree of approximation.
  • the optimum operation plan data 340 stored in the operation plan optimization unit 113 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the operation plan data 340 includes a type 341, a time 342, and a planned flow rate 343.
  • the operation plan data 340 includes information on the planned value of the discharge flow rate for each period of 30 minutes in the future for each control target facility. In addition, even if it is not a control object facility, it is good also as including the plan value of each future time about the item deeply related to pump operation, specifically the water level of a distribution reservoir.
  • the facility constraint information stored in the facility constraint storage unit 124 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the facility constraint information 350 includes a type 351, an item 352, and contents 353.
  • the facility constraint information 350 stores information on constraints that should be satisfied by the operation plan data 340 in each facility such as a control target facility. As shown in FIG. 17, the restrictions (upper and lower limits) of the discharge flow rate of the pump facility, the upper limit of the number of switching of the discharge flow rate of the pump facility, the maximum value of the change amount of the discharge flow rate of the pump facility, the water level of the reservoir Range (upper and lower limit values), connection relations between controlled facilities, and the like.
  • the process flow of the apparatus characteristic / control rule update unit 115 will be described.
  • the device characteristic / control rule update unit 115 updates the flow rate-head characteristic shown in FIG.
  • H Head [m]
  • Q Discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h] If the coefficients A, B, and C are determined, the flow rate-head characteristics are determined.
  • the rotation speed control is modeled by the pump similarity law.
  • Equation 12 the flow rate-head characteristic at the rotational speed S is expressed by Equation 12.
  • H f (Q ⁇ S / S0, A, B, C) ⁇ S ⁇ 2 / S0 ⁇ 2 (Equation 12) Model with.
  • f f (Q ⁇ S / S0, A, B, C) ⁇ S ⁇ 2 / S0 ⁇ 2 (Equation 12) Model with.
  • the operation pressure data storage unit 126 From the actual operation data storage unit 126, the operation pressure data for a certain period such as the past month, discharge pressure P, discharge flow rate Q, suction well water level, operation / stop status of each pump unit, each variable speed pump unit's Extract the number of revolutions.
  • the pump head H is estimated from the discharge pressure P and the water level of the suction well.
  • the discharge flow rates Q1, Q2, and Q3 at the head H can be estimated using the actual operation / stop state and the rotational speed.
  • the sum of the estimated discharge flow rate Q1 + Q2 + Q3 and the square of the difference between the actual discharge flow rate Q (Q ⁇ Q1 ⁇ Q2 ⁇ Q3) ⁇ 2, and the sum of the operation result data (residual sum of squares) is minimized.
  • the coefficients A, B, and C of each pump unit may be determined.
  • a general optimization method such as a downhill simplex method can be used.
  • the device characteristic / control rule updating unit 115 updates the flow rate-efficiency characteristic shown in FIG.
  • ⁇ Efficiency [-]
  • Q Discharge flow rate [m ⁇ 3 / h] If the coefficients A, B, and C are determined, the flow rate-efficiency characteristics are determined.
  • the rotation speed control is modeled by the pump similarity law. That is, using the rated rotational speed S0, the flow rate-head characteristic at the rotational speed S is expressed by the following equation (14).
  • operation pressure data for a certain period such as the past month, discharge pressure P, discharge flow Q, operation / stop status of each pump unit, rotation speed of each variable speed pump unit, each pump Extract power consumption.
  • the pump head H is estimated from the discharge pressure P and the water level of the suction well.
  • the coefficients A, B, C are temporarily determined, the discharge flow rate Q1, Q2, when the head is H, using the actual operation / stop status and the number of revolutions, the flow rate-head characteristics updated previously, Q3 and power consumption E1, E2, and E3 can be estimated.
  • the coefficient A of each pump unit so that the sum of the squares of the difference between the estimated power consumption E1, E2, E3 and the corresponding actual power consumption (sum of the squares of the residual) is minimized.
  • B and C may be determined.
  • a general optimization method such as a downhill simplex method can be used.
  • the device characteristic / control rule updating unit 115 By updating the device characteristic information by the device characteristic / control rule updating unit 115, it is possible to evaluate the cost corresponding to the characteristic change accompanying the deterioration of the device.
  • the device characteristic information is updated to match the actual operating conditions. Can continue.
  • each of the above-described configurations, functions, processing units, processing means, and the like may be realized by hardware by designing a part or all of them with an integrated circuit.
  • Each of the above-described configurations, functions, and the like may be realized by software by interpreting and executing a program that realizes each function by the processor.
  • Information such as programs, tables, and files for realizing each function can be stored in a recording device such as a memory, a hard disk, an SSD (Solid State Drive), or a recording medium such as an IC card, an SD card, or a DVD.
  • control lines and information lines indicate what is considered necessary for the explanation, and not all the control lines and information lines on the product are necessarily shown. In practice, it may be considered that almost all the components are connected to each other.
  • DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 101 Water supply central monitoring and control apparatus, 110 ... Central processing unit (CPU), 111 ... Cost model construction part, 112 ... Cost calculation part, 113 ... Operation plan optimization part, 114 ... Demand prediction part, 115 ... Equipment characteristic and control Rule updating unit, 120 ... memory, 121 ... device characteristic storage unit, 122 ... control rule storage unit, 123 ... cost model storage unit, 124 ... facility constraint storage unit, 125 ... operation plan storage unit, 126 ... result operation data storage unit DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 130 ... Media input / output part 140 ... Input part 141 ... Human interface part 142 ... Communication part 145 ... Display part 180 ... Peripheral equipment IF part 190 ... Bus 400 ... Network 500 ... Water supply monitoring control system .
  • CPU Central processing unit
  • 111 Cost model construction part
  • 112 Cost calculation part
  • Operation plan optimization part 114
  • Demand prediction part 115 ... Equipment characteristic and control Rule

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CN117432941A (zh) * 2023-12-20 2024-01-23 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 一种水厂供水压力的优化调整方法及系统
CN119356270A (zh) * 2024-12-26 2025-01-24 浙江中控信息产业股份有限公司 一种多智能体水厂工艺系统的控制方法以及控制系统

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JP6853733B2 (ja) * 2017-05-29 2021-03-31 株式会社荏原製作所 送水システムおよび送水方法
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JP7023766B2 (ja) * 2018-03-26 2022-02-22 東芝エネルギーシステムズ株式会社 水力発電所の出力配分装置および水力発電システム
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CN117432941A (zh) * 2023-12-20 2024-01-23 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 一种水厂供水压力的优化调整方法及系统
CN117432941B (zh) * 2023-12-20 2024-04-19 山东锋士信息技术有限公司 一种水厂供水压力的优化调整方法及系统
CN119356270A (zh) * 2024-12-26 2025-01-24 浙江中控信息产业股份有限公司 一种多智能体水厂工艺系统的控制方法以及控制系统

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