WO2012122707A1 - 季铵盐类化合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 - Google Patents
季铵盐类化合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
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- Quaternary ammonium compound preparation method thereof, pharmaceutical composition and use thereof
- the present invention relates to the field of medicinal chemistry, and in particular to a novel class of quaternary ammonium salt compounds, a process for the preparation thereof, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound as an active ingredient, and a compound of the same for the preparation of a disease associated with Lp-PLA 2 enzyme activity. Use in medicine.
- Atherosclerosis is the pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
- the formation of thrombus after rupture of atheromatous plaque and vascular occlusion is the main cause of cardiovascular events. Therefore, prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is an important issue that needs to be solved urgently in the medical field.
- the current standard clinical drug regimen is: statins regulate blood lipids, antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure, and take drugs that resist platelet aggregation.
- statins regulate blood lipids
- antihypertensive drugs to control blood pressure
- take drugs that resist platelet aggregation are drugs that resist platelet aggregation.
- Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a risk factor present in plasma that promotes inflammation and causes atherosclerosis.
- Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 plays a role in the pro-inflammatory effects of ox-LDL and the development of atherosclerosis An important role, it is a key enzyme that mediates the above biological effects of ox-LDL.
- Lp-PLA 2 is a member of the PLA 2 superfamily and belongs to the YE type PLA 2 .
- Lp-PLA 2 is also called blood Plasma platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, which contains 441 amino acids with a relative molecular mass of 45 kD.
- 70% of Lp-PLA 2 in human plasma binds to LDL, and 30% of Lp-PLA 2 binds to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which means that it is easily transported to the site of damage caused by LDL into the vessel wall.
- Lp-PLA can hydrolyze PAF, PAF-like phospholipids, and oxidatively modified phosphatidylcholines.
- Lp-PLA 2 has strong specificity for the short-chain residue at the sn-2 position of phospholipids. It has the maximum hydrolytic activity when the sn-2 residue is acetyl, and the phospholipid of the long-chain fatty acid at the sn-2 position.
- the substrate has no enzymatic activity.
- Site-directed mutagenesis has identified Ser-273, Asp-296 and His-351 in Lp-PLA 2 as the center of its enzyme activity.
- Lp-PLA 2 inhibitor may reduce the occurrence of the above inflammatory reaction, is a new, Non-lipidemia strategy for atherosclerosis treatment.
- Selective inhibitors of Lp-PLA 2 were observed in humans to significantly reduce ox-NEFA production and ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in macrophages (Rosenson RS, Vracar-Grabar M, Helenowski I. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008) 22:55-8) o Experiments performed on animal models also support the role of Lp-PLA 2 inhibitors, Wilensky et al. (Wilensky RL, Shi Y, Mohler ER, et al.
- Lp-PLA 2 is predictive of coronary heart disease events independent of traditional risk factors and C-reactive protein. For every one standard deviation of Lp-PLA 2 levels, the incidence of coronary heart disease events will increase by 22%. The risk of developing one-fifth of the highest Lp-PLA 2 levels is twice the lowest of the lowest level.
- Lp-PLA 2 should be used as a diagnostic indicator to alert patients with low LDL levels but at high risk of coronary heart disease.
- "Rotterdam study” (Oei HH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, et al. Circulation 2005; 111 : 570-5 )
- Studies of 7,983 people with no history of coronary heart disease and older than 55 years of age indicate widespread In the crowd, regardless of the level of cholesterol, Lp-PLA 2 It is an early warning factor for coronary heart disease events and an early warning factor for ischemic stroke.
- Lp-PLA 2 is also a risk factor for predicting the periodic occurrence of the disease.
- Lp-PLA 2 inhibitors may improve this condition.
- Lp-PLA 2 inhibitors may be used for treatment.
- Lp-PLA 2 is expressed in activated inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, etc.), and thus Lp-PLA 2 inhibitors can be used in the treatment of conditions associated with inflammatory cells, Such as psoriasis.
- Lp-PLA 2 inhibitors may be universally applicable to any process involving the hydrolysis of lipids into the two inflammatory traits with the participation of Lp-PLA 2 . This includes the aforementioned atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, angina pectoris, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, myocardial infarction, reperfusion, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
- Patent applications W096/13484, W096/19451, WO97/02242, W097/21765, W097/21766, WO97/41098 and WO97/41099 disclose a series of monocyclic beta lactam derivatives which are Lp- Non-reversible, acetylation inhibition of PLA 2 Formulation (Tew et al, Biochemistry, 37, 10087, 1998).
- SmithKline Beecham plc has developed a class of potent reversible inhibitors of Lp-PLA 2 (WO 99/24420, WO 01/60805, WO 02/30911, WO 03/016287, WO 03/042179, WO 03/042206, WO 08 /048867, etc., characterized by a pyrimidone or pyridone group in the structure.
- Lp-PLA 2 inhibitor Darapladib (SB480848) is in the phase III clinical stage.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a quaternary ammonium salt compound of the formula (I).
- a further object of the present invention is to provide the use of a quaternary ammonium salt compound of the formula (I) as an Lp-PLA 2 inhibitor, thereby preparing for the prevention, treatment or amelioration of the activity of the Lp-PLA 2 enzyme.
- Use in diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, myocardial infarction, ischemic reperfusion, angina pectoris, brain inflammatory diseases (such as Alzheimer's) Sickness), sepsis.
- the invention also provides the use of a compound of formula (I) for the treatment of a condition associated with the activation of inflammatory cells, such as psoriasis.
- It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more therapeutically effective amounts of a quaternary ammonium salt compound of the formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant.
- the quaternary ammonium salt compound provided by the present invention is as shown in the general formula (I):
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently CM alkyl; or
- R 1 is CM alkyl, R 2 and R 3 are bonded to 4 _ 5 alkylene; preferably, RR 2 and R 3 are each independently methyl or ethyl;
- alkyl and the like as used in the present invention include all branched and straight chain isomers. Representative examples are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl and the like.
- the quaternary ammonium salt compound is:
- RR 2 , R 3 and X are as defined for formula (I);
- the reaction temperature is between -20 V and room temperature; the reaction solvent is acetone, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, methanol or ethanol.
- the compounds of the present invention are potent inhibitors of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and are potentially useful for clinical treatment, particularly for primary and secondary prevention of coronary events, such as peripheral vascular and cerebral vascular atherosclerosis. Such events caused by sclerosis; that is, the present invention provides a class of compounds of the general formula (I) which are useful for clinical treatment.
- the compound represented by the formula (I) of the present invention can inhibit the formation of lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC), and thus can be generally applied to diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, Angina and ischemic reperfusion. Furthermore, the compounds of the formula (I) can be generally applied to any condition involving the hydrolysis of oxidized lipids with the participation of Lp-PLA 2 , in addition to atherosclerosis, diabetes, etc. Ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, stroke, brain inflammatory disease (such as Alzheimer's disease), myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, sepsis, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
- Lp-PLA 2 is expressed in activated inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, etc.), and thus the compounds of the formula (I) of the present invention can be used in the treatment and activation of inflammatory cells. Applications in related conditions such as psoriasis.
- the present invention provides a compound of the formula by inhibiting the enzyme activity of Lp-PLA 2 Further use of (I) with 2 activation treatment of diseases associated Lp-PLA. These diseases may be associated with events: activation of inflammatory cells; formation of lysophosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids; Lp-PLA 2 catalyzed lipid oxidation; endothelial cell dysfunction.
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be used in the treatment of the above diseases with the following drugs IoT: hypolipidemic drugs, anti-atherosclerotic drugs, hypoglycemic agents, anti-angina drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensive drugs or drugs that inhibit phospholipase A.
- drugs IoT hypolipidemic drugs, anti-atherosclerotic drugs, hypoglycemic agents, anti-angina drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensive drugs or drugs that inhibit phospholipase A.
- statins that inhibit cholesterol synthesis, antioxidant probucol, insulin sensitizers, calcium channel antagonists, and non-antibody drugs.
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention is used in combination with a cholesterol lowering drug, such as a statin.
- a cholesterol lowering drug such as a statin.
- Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, including atorvastatin, swastatin, pravastatin, cerivastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, and pitavastatin. You can take both drugs at the same time or at different times as recommended by your doctor.
- the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be used in combination with a hypoglycemic agent or an insulin sensitizer.
- the insulin sensitizer used in combination is preferably a PPAR- ⁇ agonist such as rosiglitazone or pioglitazone.
- the compounds of the invention are typically administered in the form of a standard pharmaceutical composition. That is, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of the formula (I), and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or sustained release agent and the like.
- the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions provided by the present invention may be in various forms such as tablets, capsules, powders, syrups, solutions, suspensions or aerosols, and may be present in a suitable solid or liquid carrier. Or in the diluent.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also be stored in a suitable injectable or drip sterilizing device. Odorants, flavoring agents and the like may also be included in the pharmaceutical composition.
- the pharmaceutical composition contains a safe or effective amount (e.g., 0.1 to 99.9 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 90 parts by weight) of one or more compounds of the formula (I); A pharmaceutically acceptable excipient wherein the total weight of the composition is 100 parts by weight.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention contains from 0.1 to 99.9% by weight, preferably from 1 to 90% by weight, based on the total weight of the compound of the formula (I); and the balance of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients Wherein the total weight of the composition is 100% by weight.
- a preferred ratio of the compound of the formula (I) to a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or sustained release agent is that the formula (IM ⁇ is the active ingredient in an amount of more than 60% by weight, and the balance is 0-40% by weight of the total weight)
- the amount of the remaining portion is preferably from 1 to 20%, most preferably from 1 to 10%.
- the compound of the formula (I) or the pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention can be used clinically in mammals, including humans and animals, and the route of administration can include oral, nasal inhalation, transdermal absorption, and lung. Administration or gastrointestinal tract, etc.
- a preferred route of administration is oral.
- it is a unit dosage form, and each dose contains an active ingredient of 0.01 mg to 200 mg, preferably 0.5 mg to 100 mg, in one portion or in divided doses.
- the optimal dosage for the individual should be based on the specific treatment. Usually starting with a small dose, gradually increase the dose until the most appropriate dose is found.
- the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention can be administered orally as well as intravenously, intramuscularly or subcutaneously.
- preferred pharmaceutical compositions are solid compositions, especially tablets and solid filled or liquid filled capsules. Oral administration of the pharmaceutical composition is preferred.
- the solid carrier is starch, lactose, dicalcium phosphate, microcrystalline cellulose, sucrose or kaolin, and the liquid carrier is sterile water, polyethylene glycol, nonionic surfactant or edible oil (such as corn oil, peanut oil). And sesame oil:), etc., as long as it is suitable for the characteristics of the active ingredient and the specific mode of administration required.
- Adjuvants commonly used in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions may also be advantageously included, such as flavoring agents, coloring agents, preservatives, and antioxidants such as vitamin E, vitamin C, BHT, and BHA.
- Injectable preparations include, but are not limited to, sterile, injectable, aqueous, oily Solutions, suspensions, emulsions, etc. These formulations may also be formulated with parenteral diluents, dispersing agents, wetting agents, suspending agents and the like. Such injectable formulations can be sterilized by filtration in a filter that traps bacteria. These formulations may also be formulated with a bactericide which is dissolved or dispersed in an injectable vehicle or by other methods known in the art.
- Figure 1 shows the activity-time curve of the compound (po) of Example 1 on Lp-PLA 2 in mice
- Figure 2 shows the activity-time curve of the compound (po) of Example 2 on Lp-PLA 2 in mice.
- Example 1 TV-Methyl-V,V-diethyl-2- ⁇ V-(p-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-4-yl)methyl-2-[2-(4-fluorobenzylthio) -5,6-trimethylene-4-oxo-4/-pyrimidin-1-yl]acetamide ⁇ ethylammonium bromide
- SB480848 SB-480848 (prepared as described in the patent WO2001/060805) 170mg placed in a 10ml eggplant-shaped flask, add 2ml of acetone as a solvent and placed in a cold trap of -5 ° C, quickly add 200 ⁇ 1 methyl bromide, plug the bottle mouth, stir overnight. The precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with acetone and dried to give a white solid.
- Example 2 TV-methyl- ⁇ -diethyl-2- ⁇ V-(p-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-4-yl)methyl-2-[2-(4-fluorobenzylthio) -5,6-trimethylene-4-oxo-4/-pyrimidin-1-yl]acetamide ⁇ ethyl ammonium iodide
- Substrates were detected using tritiated platelet activating factor ([ 3 H]PAF, Perkinelmer, Lot NET910).
- the reaction was carried out in a 200 ⁇ l system (50 mmol/L hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and 150 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl), pH 7.4).
- HEPES hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid
- NaCl sodium chloride
- ⁇ rabbit serum and ⁇ test compound were preincubated for 10 minutes at 37 °C. Then start the reaction by adding 20 nM [ 3 H] PAF (see Table 1 for the reaction system).
- the reaction was carried out at 37 ° C for 10 minutes, followed by vortexing by adding 600 l of CHCl 3 /MeOH (2:1) to terminate the reaction. After standing for a while, it was centrifuged at 12,000 x g for 15 minutes, and the aqueous layer was transferred to a new tube, vortexed by adding 200 ⁇ l of chloroform, and allowed to stand or centrifuge for 2 minutes. The supernatant of the ⁇ aqueous layer was taken for determination of radioactivity.
- Table 1 List of reaction systems (unit: ⁇ )
- Reaction buffer 180 170 170 Test compound - - 10 Dimethyl sulfoxide (solvent) 10 10 - Substrate ([ 3 H] PAF) 10 10 10
- Enzyme source (rabbit serum) - 10 10 inhibition rate calculation formula:
- Inhibition rate 1- (test tube DPM value - blank tube DPM value) / (control tube DPM value - blank tube DPM value)
- Example 1 98% 99% 99% 93%
- Example 2 99% 99% 99% 99% 48%
- Substrates were detected using tritiated platelet activating factor ([ 3 H] PAF, Perkinelmer, Lot NET910).
- the reaction was carried out in a 200 ⁇ l system (50 mmol/L HEPES and 150 mmol/L NaCl, pH 7.4).
- ⁇ human plasma was preincubated with ⁇ test compound (dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide) for 10 minutes at 37 °C.
- start the reaction by adding 20 nM [ 3 H] PAF (see Table 1 for the reaction system).
- the reaction was carried out at 37 ° C for 10 minutes, followed by vortexing by adding 600 ⁇ l of CHCl 3 /MeOH (2:1) to terminate the reaction.
- the compound of the present invention Compared with the compound of the formula (II) (represented by SB-480848), the compound of the present invention, particularly the compound of Example 1, exhibits better in vitro inhibitory activity against Lp-PLA 2 .
- mice were randomly divided into groups of 5, and the test compounds were administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. Another group was used as a blank group and the corresponding solvent was given. Blood was taken from the eyelids before administration and at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after administration, and the serum was collected by centrifugation and stored at -20 °C. Serum Lp-PLA 2 activity was determined using 2 thio-platelet activating factor (2-thio-PAF, Cayman, Lot 60945) as a substrate.
- 2 thio-platelet activating factor (2-thio-PAF, Cayman, Lot 60945)
- mice were orally administered with the compound of Example 1 at 50 mg/kg, and maintained good inhibitory activity against Lp-PLA 2 after 12 hours, and the inhibition rate was about 40%.
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Description
季铵 化合物、 其制备方法、 药物组合物及用途 技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域, 尤其涉及一类新颖的季铵盐化合物、 其制 备方法、 以该类化合物为活性成分的药物组合物以及该类化合物在制备治 疗与 Lp-PLA2酶活性有关疾病的药物中的用途。
背景技术
动脉粥样硬化是心脑血管疾病的病理生理基础, 粥样斑块破裂后形成 血栓而导致血管堵塞是心血管事件发生的主要原因。 因此防治动脉粥样硬 化是目前医学领域急需解决的一个重要课题。 目前临床上的标准用药方案 为: 他汀类药物调节血脂、 降压药控制血压, 同时服用抵抗血小板凝聚的 药物。 但是, 即便是坚持长期应用该治疗方案的病人——尤其是高危病人 依然存在着较高的复发风险。
研究证实动脉粥样硬化不只是与血脂水平异常有关, 也是一种炎症相 关性疾病, 抑制动脉粥样硬化的炎症因子是治疗该疾病的新途径。 氧化低 密度脂蛋白 (ox-LDL)是一种存在于血浆中的危险因子, 能促进炎症发生, 引起动脉粥样硬化。
Zalewski A等报道( Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol, 2005, 25(5):923-931 ) 脂蛋白相关磷脂酶 A2 (Lp-PLA2 )在 ox-LDL的促炎症效应和引起动脉粥 样硬化形成过程中起着重要作用, 它是介导 ox-LDL产生以上生物学效应 的一个关键性酶。
Lp-PLA2是 PLA2超家族中的一员, 属于 YE型 PLA2。 Lp-PLA2也称血
浆血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶, 该酶含有 441个氨基酸, 相对分子质量为 45 kD。人血浆中 70%的 Lp-PLA2与 LDL结合, 30 %的 Lp-PLA2与高密度 脂蛋白 (HDL) 结合, 这就意味着它容易随着 LDL输送到血管壁内的损 坏形成的部位。 Lp-PLA能水解 PAF、 PAF类似的磷脂和氧化修饰的磷脂 酰胆碱等。 其酶活性不需要二价阳离子如钙离子的存在, 这与其他许多 PLA2不同。 Lp-PLA2对磷脂的 sn-2位短链残基具有很强的特异性,当 sn-2 位残基为乙酰基时具有最大水解活性,而对 sn-2位为长链脂肪酸的磷脂底 物没有酶活性。 定点突变已鉴定出 Lp-PLA2中的 Ser-273, Asp-296 和 His-351构成其酶活性中心。
Maphee 等人 (Macphee CH, Moores KE, Boyd HF, et al. Biochem J 1999; 338:479-87 ) 首先提出了 Lp-PLA2导致动脉粥样硬化的机理。 LDL 的组分卵磷脂的 sn-2 位长链经氧化修饰缩短, 进入动脉血管内膜成为 Lp-PLA2的底物。 Lp-PLA2迅速水解将其水解, 产生溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (Lyso-PC) 和氧化的游离脂肪酸 (OX-NEFA) , 两者都具有很强的促炎症 作用。这两个生物介质通过启动包括内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、单核 /巨噬细 胞、 T细胞、 嗜中性粒细胞在内的多种细胞的发炎 /免疫反应而引起前动脉 粥样硬化效应,比如上调粘附分子水平而使单核 /巨噬细胞向粥样斑块形成 的区域汇集, 诱导细胞因子如干扰素的表达, 活化白细胞、 诱导产生氧化 应力, 诱导细胞膜通透和细胞凋亡等。 这些效应进一歩导致动脉粥样硬化 斑块的生长和不稳定, 斑块坏死核心不断扩大, 血栓帽变薄以至破裂, 最 终发展成为临床上所见的心肌梗塞、 冠心病、 缺血性中风等疾病。
因此应用 Lp-PLA2抑制剂可能减少上述炎症反应的发生,是一种新的、
非降脂策略的动脉粥样硬化治疗方法。 在人体内观察到 Lp-PLA2的选择性 抑制剂能够显著减少 ox-NEFA 的生成和 ox-LDL 引起的巨噬细胞的凋亡 ( Rosenson RS, Vracar-Grabar M, Helenowski I. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 22:55-8 ) o 在动物模型上进行的实验同样支持 Lp-PLA2抑制剂的作用, Wilensky 等人 (Wilensky RL, Shi Y, Mohler ER, et al. Nat Med 2008; 14:1059-66) 细致研究了 Lp-PLA2抑制剂 Darapladib影响糖尿病 /高胆固醇 猪的动脉硬化斑块体积、 组成和基因表达的情况, 发现能有效抑制动脉粥 样硬化斑块的继续生长。
大量临床研究证明了心血管事件的发生率与 Lp-PLA2水平正相关。 Caslake等 (Packard CJ, O'Reilly DS, Caslake MJ, et al. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343:1148-55 ) 对 580名曾发 生心肌梗塞、缺血性再灌注或者冠心病相关死亡的人群以及 1168名对照者 做了一项名为 West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS)巢式 病例对照研究, 第一次证明了 Lp-PLA2水平与冠心病事件(CHD)的关系, 并指出 Lp-PLA2独立于传统危险因子和 C-反应蛋白而对冠心病事件有预测 价值。 Lp-PLA2水平每升高一个标准偏差, 冠心病事件发生率将增加 22%。 Lp-PLA2水平最高的 1/5人群的发病风险两倍于水平最低的 1/5。
对目前健康但具有潜在心血管发病风险的病人所作的研究表明 Lp-PLA2应该作为诊断指标对 LDL水平虽然较低但具有高度冠心病风险 的病人提出预警。 "Rotterdam study" (Oei HH, van der Meer IM, Hofman A, et al. Circulation 2005; 111 :570-5 )对 7983名无冠心病史的且年龄大于 55岁的 人群所做的研究表明在普遍的人群中, 不论胆固醇水平高低, Lp-PLA2都
是冠心病事件的预警因子, 同时也是缺血性脑卒中的预警因子。 在二级预防的人群中, Lp-PLA2也是预测疾病周期性发生的危险因子。 一项研究指出 (Brilakis ES, McConnell JP, Lennon RJ, ElesberAA, Meyer JG, Berger PB. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 137-144 ) , 冠状动脉血管造影术的病人 Lp-PLA2水平每升高一个标准偏差, 冠心病事件发生率将增加 30%。 Lp-PLA2的这种影响独立于传统的危险因子。 另外一项对正在进行康复治 疗的病人所作的研究发现, Lp-PLA2水平最高的 1/2人群发生心血管疾病的 几率是最低 1/2的两倍。
ox-LDL的水解产物——溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (Lyso-PC)水平的增高被认 为与动脉粥样硬化病人的内皮功能紊乱有关, 而 Lp-PLA2抑制剂有可能改 善这种病症。 对于其他表现出内皮功能紊乱的疾病如糖尿病、 高血压、 心 绞痛及缺血性区域之再灌流等, 都有可能应用 Lp-PLA2抑制剂进行治疗。
Lp-PLA2在活化的炎症细胞 (巨噬细胞、 淋巴细胞、 中性粒细胞和嗜 酸性粒细胞等) 中表达, 因此 Lp-PLA2抑制剂可以在治疗与炎症细胞有关 的病症中应用, 比如牛皮癣。
此外, Lp-PLA2抑制剂可能普遍适用于任何涉及到氧化的脂质在 Lp-PLA2的参与下水解成为两个炎症特性物质这一过程的病症。 这就包括 前述的动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、 高血压、 心绞痛、 风湿性关节炎、 脑卒中、 心肌梗塞、 再灌流、 急性和慢性炎症疾病。
专利申请 W096/13484, W096/19451 , WO97/02242, W097/21765 , W097/21766, WO97/41098和 WO97/41099 ( SmithKline Beecham pic ) 公 开了一系列单环 β内酰胺衍生物, 它们是 Lp-PLA2的非可逆的、 乙酰化抑
制剂 (Tew et al, Biochemistry, 37, 10087, 1998)。
SmithKline Beecham plc开发了一类 Lp-PLA2的强效可逆抑制剂(WO 99/24420, WO 01/60805, WO 02/30911, WO 03/016287, WO 03/042179, WO 03/042206, WO 08/048867等), 以结构中含有嘧啶酮或吡啶酮基团为 特征。 其中, Lp-PLA2抑制剂 Darapladib (SB480848)处于 III期临床阶段。
韩国的研究者开发了(US7642291 )—类新颖的 0-乙酰化羟肟衍生物, 具有微摩尔级别的活性。
我们发现了一类新颖的季铵盐化合物, 它们被证明是 Lp-PLA2的强效 抑制剂。 发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供通式 ( I ) 所示的有药用价值的季铵盐类 化合物。
本发明的另一目的在于提供通式 ( I ) 所示季铵盐类化合物的制备方 法。
本发明的进一歩目的在于提供通式 ( I ) 所示的季铵盐类化合物作为 Lp-PLA2抑制剂的用途, 从而在制备用于预防、 治疗或改善与 Lp-PLA2酶 活性有关的疾病的药物中的应用, 所述疾病如动脉粥样硬化、 糖尿病、 局 部缺血、 风湿性关节炎、 中风、 心肌梗塞、 缺血性再灌流、 心绞痛、 脑部 炎症疾病 (比如阿兹海默氏症)、 败血症。 本发明还提供了通式 ( I )所示 的化合物在治疗与炎症细胞活化有关的病症 (比如, 牛皮癣) 的药物中的 应用。
本发明的还一目的在于提供一种药物组合物, 其包含一种或多种治疗 有效量的通式( I )所示的季铵盐类化合物, 以及药学上可以接受的辅料。
本发明所提供的季铵盐类化合物如通式 ( I ) 所示:
( I )
其中:
R1, R2和 R3各自独立地为 CM烷基; 或者
R1为 CM烷基, R2与 R3连接起来成为 4_5亚烷基; 优选地, R R2 和 R3各自独立地为甲基或乙基;
为 F、 Cl、 Br或 I。
本发明中所述的"烷基"等名词包括所有支链和直链的异构体。 代表性 的例子有甲基、 乙基、 正丙基、 异丙基、 正丁基、 仲丁基、 异丁基、 叔丁 基等。
通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物的制备方法为:
(Π )
R R2、 R3和 X的定义如同通式 ( I );
反应温度介于 -20 V〜室温; 反应溶剂为丙酮、 二氯甲烷、 四氢呋喃、 乙酸乙酯、 乙腈、 甲醇或乙 醇。
通式 ( Π ) 所示的化合物可按文献所述方法制备, 如 PCT 专利 WO2001/060805o该文献公开的全部内容通过引用的方式并入到本申请中。 本发明中很多化合物是从水或有机溶剂中结晶或重结晶而来, 因此晶
体中可能包含所使用的溶剂。 不同的结晶条件可能形成不同晶型的晶体。 因此, 含有不同化学剂量结晶水以及所有晶型的通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物 都在本发明范围内。
本发明中的化合物是脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶 A2 的有效抑制剂并有可能 用于临床治疗, 特别是用于冠心病事件的一级和二级预防, 比如由外周血 管和脑血管动脉粥样硬化引起的该类事件; 也就是说, 本发明提供了一类 通式 ( I ) 所示的可用于临床治疗的化合物。
本发明通式 ( I )所示的化合物可以抑制溶血磷脂酰胆碱 (Lyso-PC) 的生成, 因此可以普遍适用于与内皮功能紊乱有关的疾病, 比如动脉粥样 硬化、 糖尿病、 高血压、 心绞痛及缺血性再灌流等。 此外, 通式 ( I ) 所 示的化合物可以普遍适用于任何涉及到氧化脂质在 Lp-PLA2的参与下发生 水解这一过程的病症, 除了动脉粥样硬化、 糖尿病外, 这些病症还包括局 部缺血、 风湿性关节炎、 中风、 脑部炎症疾病 (比如阿兹海默氏症)、 心 肌梗塞、 再灌注损伤、 败血症、 急性及慢性炎症疾病。
Lp-PLA2在活化的炎症细胞 (巨噬细胞、 淋巴细胞、 中性粒细胞和嗜 酸性粒细胞等) 中表达, 因此本发明通式 ( I )所示的化合物可以在治疗 与炎症细胞活化有关的病症中应用, 比如牛皮癣。
也就是说, 本发明提供了通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物通过抑制 Lp-PLA2 的酶活性进而治疗与 Lp-PLA2活化相关的疾病的用途。这些疾病可能与如 下事件相关:炎症细胞的活化;溶血磷脂胆碱和氧化的游离脂肪酸的形成; Lp-PLA2催化的脂质氧化; 内皮细胞功能紊乱。
本发明通式( I )所示的化合物在治疗上述疾病的时候可以与以下药
物联用: 降血脂药、 抗动脉粥样硬化药、 降糖药、 抗心绞痛药、 抗炎药、 降压药或抑制磷脂酶 A的药物。例如抑制胆固醇合成的他汀类药物、抗氧 化药普罗布考、 胰岛素增敏剂、 钙离子通道拮抗剂和非^体抗炎药。
优选本发明通式 ( I )所示的化合物与降低胆固醇的药物联用, 比如 他汀。 他汀类药物是 HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂, 包括阿托法他汀、 思伐他 汀、 普伐他汀、 西立伐他汀、 氟伐他汀、 洛伐他汀和匹伐他汀。 可以依照 医生的建议同时或分时间服用两种药物。
多达 30%的高胆固醇病人对他汀治疗无效。 本发明通式 ( I ) 所示的 化合物的进一歩应用可能是适用于该部分病人。
由于心血管事件是导致糖尿病人死亡的主要原因, 所以, 本发明通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物可与降糖药或胰岛素增敏剂联用。 联用的胰岛素增敏 剂优选 PPAR-γ激动剂, 比如罗格列酮或吡格列酮。
在用于治疗时, 本发明的化合物通常以一种标准药物组合物的形式给 药。 也就是说, 本发明提供了一种药物组合物, 其中包含治疗有效量的一 种或多种通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物, 以及药学上可以接受的辅料。 所述药 学上可以接受的辅料为药学上可接受的载体、 赋形剂或缓释剂等。
本发明所提供的化合物和药物组合物可以是多种形式, 如片剂、 胶囊 剂、 散剂、 糖浆剂、 溶液剂、 混悬剂或气雾剂等, 并可以存在于适宜的固 体或液体载体或稀释液中。 本发明的药物组合物也可以储存在适宜的注射 或滴注的消毒器具中。 该药物组合物中还可包含气味剂、 香味剂等。
在本发明中, 所述的药物组合物含有安全有效量 (如 0.1-99.9重量份, 优选 1-90重量份) 的一种或者多种通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物; 以及其余量
的药学上可接受的辅料, 其中组合物的总重量为 100重量份。 或者, 本发 明所述的药物组合物含有占总重量 0.1-99.9重量%, 优选占总重量 1-90重 量%的通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物; 以及其余量的药学上可接受的辅料, 其 中组合物的总重量为 100重量%。
通式 ( I ) 化合物与药学上可接受的载体、 赋形剂或缓释剂的优选比 例是,通式( I M乍为活性成分占总重量 60%以上,其余部分占总重量 0-40%, 其余部分的量优选为 1-20%, 最优选为 1-10%。
本发明通式 ( I ) 所示的化合物或包含通式 ( I ) 化合物的药物组合 物可对哺乳动物临床使用, 包括人和动物, 给药途径可以包括口服、 鼻腔 吸入、 透皮吸收、 肺部给药或胃肠道等。 优选的给药途径为口服。 优选为 单位剂型, 且每剂包含有效成分 0.01mg-200mg, 优选 0.5mg-100mg, 一次 或分次服用。不管用何种服用方法, 个人的最佳剂量应根据具体治疗而定。 通常情况下是从小剂量开始, 逐渐增加剂量一直到找到最合适的剂量。
本发明的药物组合物可通过口服以及静脉内、 肌内或皮下等途径给 药。 从易于制备和给药的立场看, 优选的药物组合物是固态组合物, 尤其 是片剂和固体填充或液体填充的胶囊。 药物组合物的口服给药是优选的。
固态载体为淀粉、 乳糖、 磷酸二钙、 微晶纤维素、 蔗糖或白陶土等, 而液态载体为无菌水、 聚乙二醇、 非离子型表面活性剂或食用油 (如玉米 油、 花生油和芝麻油:)等, 只要适合活性成分的特性和所需的特定给药方 式。在制备药物组合物中通常使用的佐剂也可有利地被包括,例如调味剂、 色素、 防腐剂和抗氧化剂如维生素 E、 维生素 C、 BHT和 BHA。
可注射的制剂包括, 但不局限于, 无菌的、 可注射的、 含水的、 含油
的溶液、 悬浊液、 乳液等。 这些制剂还可以被配置胃肠外合适的稀释剂、 分散剂、 润湿剂、 悬浮剂等。 这样可注射的制剂可以通过在截留细菌的过 滤器中过滤灭菌。 这些制剂还可以用杀菌剂配置, 所述的杀菌剂溶解或分 散在可注射的介质中或用本领域已知的其他方法。
附图说明
图 1示出了实施例 1化合物 (p.o.)对小鼠体内 Lp-PLA2的活性-时间曲 线;
图 2示出了实施例 2化合物 (p.o.)对小鼠体内 Lp-PLA2的活性-时间曲 线。
具体实施方式
以下将以实施例进一歩说明本发明。 需要特别指出的是, 这些实施例 只用于举例说明本发明, 而不以任何方式限制本发明。 实例中的所有参数 及其余说明, 除另加说明外, 都是以质量为依据的。
实施例 1: TV-甲基 - V,V-二乙基 -2-{ V-(对三氟甲基联苯 -4-基)甲基 -2-[2-(4-氟苄硫基) -5,6-三亚甲基 -4-氧代 -4 /-嘧啶 -1-基】乙酰胺 }乙基溴化铵
SB480848
SB-480848 (按照专利 WO2001/060805所述的方式制备) 170mg置于 10ml茄形烧瓶, 添加 2ml丙酮为溶剂并置于 -5°C冷阱中, 快速加入 200μ1 溴甲烷, 塞紧瓶口, 搅拌过夜。过滤收集沉淀, 丙酮洗涤, 干燥后得 lOOmg 白色固体。 ifi-NMR (CD3OD, 300 MHz) 51.32 (t, 6H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 2.76 (t, 2H), 2.89 (t, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 3.40 (m, 6H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 4.43 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 6.94 (t, 2H), 7.38 (q, 2H), 7.48 (d, 2H), 7.65 (d, 2H), 7.75 (s, 4H).
实施例 2: TV-甲基 -Λ^ν-二乙基 -2-{ V-(对三氟甲基联苯 -4-基)甲基 -2-[2-(4-氟苄硫基) -5,6-三亚甲基 -4-氧代 -4 /-嘧啶 -1-基】乙酰胺 }乙基碘化铵
以 SB-480848 和碘甲烷为原料, 制备方法同于例 1, 得黄色固体。 ifi-NMR (CD3CI, 300 MHz) 51.35 (t, 6H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 2.80 (m, 4H), 3.15 (s: 3H), 3.45 (m, 4H), 3.88 (m, 4H), 4.42 (s, 2H), 4.86 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 6.90 (t: 2H), 7.30 (q, 2H), 7.44 (m, 4H), 7.55 (d, 2H), 7.68 (d, 2H). 药理实施例
1化合物对兔血清为酶源的 Lp-PLA2抑制活性的测定(体外)
1.1 实验方法
使用氚标记的血小板激活因子 ([3H]PAF, Perkinelmer, Lot NET910) 为底物进行检测。 反应在 200μ1 体系 (50 mmol/L 羟乙基哌嗪乙磺酸 (HEPES) 和 150mmol/L氯化钠 (NaCl) , pH为 7.4) 中进行。 首先, ΙΟμΙ兔血清与 ΙΟμΙ待测化合物(用二甲基亚砜溶解)于 37°C预孵育 10分 钟。 然后加入 20nM [3H] PAF启动反应 (反应体系见表 1) 。 反应在 37°C 进行 10分钟, 接着加入 600 lCHCl3/MeOH(2:l)涡旋混匀终止反应。 静置 片刻后于 12,000xg离心 15分钟,水层上清移于新管,加入 200μ1氯仿涡旋, 静置或离心 2分钟。 取 ΙΟΟμΙ水层上清液用于放射性强度测定。 表 1: 反应体系列表 (单位: μΐ)
空白管 对照管 测试管
反应缓冲液 180 170 170 待测化合物 - - 10 二甲基亚砜 (溶剂) 10 10 - 底物 ([3H] PAF) 10 10 10
酶源 (兔血清) - 10 10 抑制率计算公式:
抑制率 =1- (测试管 DPM值-空白管 DPM值 )/ (对照管 DPM值-空白管 DPM 值)
(注: DPM为放射性强度单位。)
1.2 实验结果见下表 2。
ΙΟμΜ Ι Μ ΙΟΟηΜ ΙΟηΜ
实施例 1 98% 99% 99% 93% 实施例 2 99% 99% 99% 48%
SB-480848 99% 99% 99% 85%
注: 表中百分数表示在该浓度下的抑制率
2化合物对人血清为酶源的 Lp-PLA2抑制活性的测定(体外)
2.1 实验方法
使用氚标记的血小板激活因子 ([3H] PAF, Perkinelmer, Lot NET910) 为底物进行检测。 反应在 200μ1体系 (50 mmol/L HEPES 和 150 mmol/L NaCl, pH为 7.4) 中进行。 首先, ΙΟμΙ 人血浆与 ΙΟμΙ待测化合物 (用二 甲基亚砜溶解) 于 37°C预孵育 10分钟。 然后加入 20 nM [3H] PAF启动反 应 (反应体系见表 1 ) 。 反应在 37°C进行 10 分钟, 接着加入 600μ1 CHCl3/MeOH (2:l)涡旋混匀终止反应。静置片刻后于 12,000xg离心 15分钟, 水层上清移于新管, 加入 200μ1氯仿涡旋, 静置或离心 2分钟。 取 ΙΟΟμΙ 水层上清液用于放射性强度测定。
2.2 实验结果见下表 3。
表 3 : 实施例化合物对人血清为酶源的 Lp-PLA2抑制活性
浓度
化合物
ΙΟΟΉΜ ΙΟΉΜ 1 ΉΜ 实施例 1 100% 100% 90%
实施例 2 99% 100% 92%
SB-480848 98% 95% 82%
注: 表中百分数表示在该浓度下的抑制率
3体外实验结果分析
与通式 (II) 化合物相比 (以 SB-480848为代表), 本发明所述的化合 物, 尤其实施例 1化合物, 表现出更佳的对 Lp-PLA2的体外抑制活性。
4化合物对小鼠体内 Lp-PLA2活性抑制实验
4.1 实验方法
C57小鼠随机分组, 每组 5只, 以待测化合物灌胃给药, 给药剂量均 为 50mg/kg体重。 另有一组作为空白组, 给予相应的溶剂。 分别在给药前 和给药后 1、 3、 6、 12和 24小时眼眶取血, 离心收集血清 -20°C保存。 以 2 硫代血小板激活因子 (2-thio-PAF, Cayman, Lot 60945)为底物测定血清 Lp-PLA2活性。 lO L血清、 50μΜ 2-thio-PAF及显示剂 5,5'-二硫代双- (二 硝基苯甲酸)(DTNB, 5,5'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), Sigma, Lot D8130) 在反应缓冲液 (0.1M Tris-HCl, 1 mM EGTA, pH 7.2) 中于 37°C反应 10 分钟, 通过测定 OD414nm的变化来反应血清 Lp-PLA2活性。
4.2实验结果
实验结果见图 1、 2。 小鼠口服给药实施例 1化合物 50mg/kg, 12h后 仍保持了对 Lp-PLA2的良好抑制活性, 抑制率约为 40%。
Claims
1、 一类如通式 ( I ) 所示的季铵盐类化合物:
( I )
其中:
R1, R2和 R3各自独立地为 CM烷基; 或者
R1为 CM烷基, R2与 R3连接起来成为 C4_5亚烷基;
为 F、 Cl、 Br或 I。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物, 其中, I 1、 R2和 R3各自 独立地为甲基或乙基。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物, 其中, 所述季铵盐类化合 物为:
4、 根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物的制备方法, 该方法包括如 歩骤:
通式 (Π )所示的化合物与 Ri-X在溶剂中进行缩合反应得到通式 (I) 示化合物,
(Π )
其中, R R2、 R3和 X的定义如权利要求 1所定义;
反应温度介于 -20 V〜室温;
所述溶剂为丙酮、 二氯甲烷、 四氢呋喃、 乙酸乙酯、 乙腈、 甲醇或乙 醇。
5、 一种药物组合物, 其包含一种或多种治疗有效量的根据权利要求 1 所述的季铵盐类化合物, 以及药学上可以接受的辅料。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物在制备 Lp-PLA2抑制剂的药 物中的应用。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物在制备用于预防、 治疗或改 善与 Lp-PLA2酶活性有关的疾病的药物中的应用。
8、根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物在制备用于治疗动脉粥样硬 化、 糖尿病、 局部缺血、 风湿性关节炎、 中风、 心肌梗塞、 缺血性再灌流、 心绞痛、 脑部炎症疾病或败血症的药物中的应用。
9、根据权利要求 1所述的季铵盐类化合物在制备用于治疗与炎症细胞 活化有关的病症的药物中的应用。
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CN111825695A (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 噁唑烷酮类化合物、其制备方法、用途及其药物组合物 |
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CN1418199A (zh) * | 2000-02-16 | 2003-05-14 | 史密斯克莱·比奇曼公司 | 作为ldl-pla2抑制剂的嘧啶-4-酮衍生物 |
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CN111825695A (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 噁唑烷酮类化合物、其制备方法、用途及其药物组合物 |
CN111825695B (zh) * | 2019-04-15 | 2022-04-12 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 噁唑烷酮类化合物、其制备方法、用途及其药物组合物 |
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