WO2012116499A1 - 放射性废弃液体处理方法 - Google Patents

放射性废弃液体处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2012116499A1
WO2012116499A1 PCT/CN2011/071515 CN2011071515W WO2012116499A1 WO 2012116499 A1 WO2012116499 A1 WO 2012116499A1 CN 2011071515 W CN2011071515 W CN 2011071515W WO 2012116499 A1 WO2012116499 A1 WO 2012116499A1
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waste liquid
radioactive
radioactive waste
curing agent
curing
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PCT/CN2011/071515
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English (en)
French (fr)
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胡中波
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北京顶创高科科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2012116499A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012116499A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/008—Sludge treatment by fixation or solidification
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/285—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using synthetic organic sorbents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a treatment technology for hazardous liquid waste, in particular to a radioactive waste liquid treatment method. Background technique
  • Radioactive waste is highly hazardous to the environment.
  • the disposal of radioactive waste includes controlled disposal and final disposal.
  • the disposal of radioactive waste liquid is one of the important contents.
  • the treatment of radioactive waste liquids is usually carried out after some degree of concentration and temporary storage. This temporary storage has great safety hazards, so it is necessary to convert the radioactive waste liquid or its concentrate into stable.
  • the body is solidified and, in turn, safely transported to a safe place for permanent storage for final disposal.
  • the present invention provides a method for treating a radioactive waste liquid in view of defects or deficiencies existing in the prior art.
  • a semi-curing treatment method for waste liquid characterized in that a waste water is absorbed by a water absorbing agent, so that the waste liquid forms a jelly product.
  • the jelly state product is used as a raw material, and the jelly product is formed into a solidified body by using a curing agent.
  • a method for treating a radioactive waste liquid characterized in that a water absorbing agent is used to absorb a radioactive waste liquid, so that the radioactive waste liquid forms a radioactive jelly product; the radioactive jelly product is used as a raw material, and the curing agent is used The radioactive jelly product forms a solidified body.
  • the cured body is used as a raw material, and is mixed with a curing agent to form a slurry, and then subjected to secondary curing molding to form a secondary cured body.
  • a curing agent for the cured body or the secondary cured body peripheral reinforcing layer, the peripheral reinforcing layer wraps the cured body or the secondary cured body.
  • the curing agent is a phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent, and the phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent is stirred to form a slurry to form a chemical curing reaction.
  • the curing agent is cement, glass, and asphalt.
  • the reinforcing layer is a phosphorus powder type curing agent, cement, glass, asphalt and/or metal.
  • the pH value of the waste liquid is adjusted to be neutral by using an alkaline or acidic compound; the weight ratio of the water absorbing agent to the neutral value of the radioactive waste liquid is 1: 2 ⁇ 1: 500; The weight ratio of the radioactive jelly product in the solidified body is 20% to 95%.
  • the present invention facilitates the final disposal of waste liquids or radioactive waste liquids. detailed description
  • the invention provides a pretreatment method for a radioactive waste liquid, a curing and secondary curing process of the radioactive waste liquid, and a reinforcement package of the product obtained by curing.
  • the present invention also provides a method of pretreating a radioactive waste liquid so that radioactive waste liquids of different characteristics can be effectively treated.
  • the present invention also provides a curing process for a radioactive waste liquid which is advantageously used to achieve zero contamination throughout the curing process.
  • the present invention also provides a secondary curing process which facilitates zero contamination of the entire curing process.
  • the secondary curing process of the present invention is not necessarily performed when actually treating the waste liquid.
  • the present invention also provides a reinforced packaging method for curing the resulting product.
  • a pretreatment method for a radioactive waste liquid characterized in that: according to the chemical composition and acid-base characteristics of the radioactive waste liquid, the radioactive waste liquid is pretreated, and the ra value of the liquid is adjusted with an alkaline or acidic compound, and then a certain amount of water is added.
  • the pretreated radioactive waste liquid is jelly-like.
  • the basic compound is any basic compound.
  • the acidic compound is any acidic compound.
  • the ra value should be as close as possible to 7.
  • the deviation of the ra value by 7 will have a negative impact on the water absorbing agent working efficiency.
  • Said The water absorbing agent is any water absorbing agent.
  • the amount of the water absorbing agent depends on the nature and weight of the radioactive waste liquid.
  • the weight ratio of the water absorbing agent to the radioactive waste liquid is 1/2 to 1/500.
  • the curing process is characterized in that: the pretreated, jelly-like radioactive waste liquid is uniformly mixed as a additive with a curing agent and water in a certain ratio to form a slurry and then solidified.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a phosphorus powder type curing agent.
  • the phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent initiates a chemical curing reaction by stirring with water to form a slurry.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as cement.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as glass.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as asphalt.
  • the pretreated, jelly-like radioactive waste liquid is used as an additive in the final product in a weight ratio of 20% to 95%.
  • the secondary curing of the obtained product is characterized in that: the product obtained by primary curing is uniformly mixed as a additive with a curing agent and water in a certain ratio to form a slurry and further solidified.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent.
  • the phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent initiates a chemical curing reaction by stirring with water to form a slurry.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as cement.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as glass.
  • the curing agent may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as asphalt.
  • the product obtained by the primary curing as a additive accounts for 20% to 95% by weight of the final product.
  • a reinforced package for curing the obtained product characterized in that: the cured product is entirely coated with a reinforcing layer.
  • the reinforcing layer may be, but not limited to, a phosphorus powder type curing agent.
  • the phosphorus-containing powder type curing agent initiates a chemical curing reaction by stirring with water to form a slurry.
  • the reinforcing layer may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as cement.
  • the reinforcing layer may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as glass.
  • the reinforcing layer may be, but not limited to, a conventional curing agent such as asphalt.
  • the reinforcing layer may be, but not limited to, a metal product such as stainless steel.
  • the reinforcing layer has a thickness of 0 - 50 cm.
  • the reinforcement layer can be achieved by, but not limited to, a spray coating process.
  • a semi-curing treatment method for waste liquid characterized in that a waste water is absorbed by a water absorbing agent, so that the waste liquid forms a jelly product.
  • a water absorbing agent Before using a water absorbing agent to absorb waste liquid, adjust the pH of the waste liquid to neutral using an alkaline or acidic compound.
  • the jelly state product is used as a raw material, and the jelly product is formed into a solidified body by using a curing agent.
  • a method for treating a radioactive waste liquid characterized in that a water absorbing agent is used to absorb a radioactive waste liquid, so that the radioactive waste liquid forms a radioactive jelly product; and the radioactive jelly product is used as a raw material, and the curing agent is used
  • the radioactive jelly product forms a solidified body.
  • the cured body is used as a raw material, and is mixed with a curing agent to form a slurry, and then subjected to secondary curing molding to form a secondary cured body.
  • the peripheral reinforcing layer wraps the cured body or the secondary cured body.
  • the curing agent is a phosphorus powder type curing agent, and the phosphorus powder type curing agent initiates a chemical curing reaction by adding water to form a slurry.
  • the curing agent is cement, glass, and asphalt.
  • the reinforcement layer is cement, glass, asphalt and/or metal.
  • Water absorbing agent refers to a substance which can absorb hundreds or even thousands of times its own weight of water. Since the water absorbing agent absorbs water and expands in volume and contains a large amount of water, it forms a special state between the gel and the solution.
  • the water absorbing agent includes a water absorbent resin, for example, a super absorbent resin (SAP) is also called a water absorbing agent.
  • SAP super absorbent resin

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Description

放射性废弃液体处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及有害液体废弃物的处理技术， 特别是放射性废弃液体处理方法。 背景技术
科学技术的不断发展在持续推动社会进步同时， 也对人类生活的某些方面带来了严峻 的挑战。 核能技术的应用就是一个典型的例子。 核能工业的发展为国家的现代化建设做出 了巨大的贡献， 但伴生的放射性废弃物的有效、 可靠处理一直是人类面临的一个重大的挑 战。
放射性废弃物对环境具有高度危害性。 放射性废弃物的处理包括控制处置和最终处 置。 放射性废弃液体的处理是其中的重要内容之一。 目前， 放射性废弃液体的处理通常 是进行某种程度的浓縮后暂时性贮存， 这种暂时性贮存存在着极大的安全隐患， 因此 有必要将放射性废弃液体或其浓縮物转化成为稳定的固化体， 并进而安全地转运到安 全的地方永久性地贮存以实现最终处置。
因此， 研究出高效、 可靠的放射性废弃液的处理方法是一个重要、 急切的课题。 鉴于 此， 本发明人通过试验发明了本申请所涉及的高效、 可靠的放射性废弃液的处理方法。 发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺陷或不足， 提供放射性废弃液体处理方法。
本发明系列技术方案如下：
废弃液体的半固化化处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收废弃液体， 使得废弃液 体形成果冻态产物。
采用吸水剂吸收废弃液体之前， 采用碱性或酸性化合物将废弃液体的 PH值调整至中 性。
以所述果冻态产物为原料， 利用固化剂使得果冻态产物形成固化体。 放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收放射性废弃液体， 使得放射 注废弃液体形成放射性果冻态产物； 以所述放射性果冻态产物为原料， 利用固化剂使得放 射性果冻态产物形成固化体。
以所述固化体为原料， 与固化剂混合成浆料后进行二次固化成型， 形成二次固化体。 对所述固化体或二次固化体外设加固层， 所述外设加固层包裹所述固化体或二次固化 体。
所述固化剂为含磷粉剂型固化剂， 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加水搅拌形成浆料后引 发化学固化反应。
所述固化剂为水泥、 玻璃、 沥青。
所述加固层为含磷粉剂型固化剂， 水泥、 玻璃、 沥青和 /或金属。
采用吸水剂吸收放射性废弃液体之前，采用碱性或酸性化合物将废弃液体的 PH值调整 至中性； 所述吸水剂与所述 PH值为中性的放射性废弃液体的重量比为 1： 2〜1： 500； 所 述放射性果冻态产物在所述固化体中的重量比为 20%〜95%。 本发明的技术效果如下：
本发明为废弃液体或放射性废弃液体的最终处置提供了便利。 具体实施方式
本发明提供放射性废弃液体的预处理方法、 放射性废弃液的固化及二次固化工艺， 固 化所得产物的加固封装。
本发明还提供放射性废弃液的预处理方法， 以使不同特性的放射性废弃液都能得到有 效处理。
本发明还提供放射性废弃液的固化工艺， 采用所述工艺， 有利于实现整个固化过程的 零污染。
本发明还提供二次固化工艺， 采用所述工艺， 有利于实现整个固化过程的零污染。 本发明所述二次固化工艺在实际处理废液时不必然被执行。
本发明还提供固化所得产物的加固封装方法。
放射性废弃液体的预处理方法， 其特征在于： 根据放射性废弃液的化学组成及酸碱特 性， 对放射性废弃液进行预处理， 用碱性或酸性化合物调节液体的 ra值， 然后加入一定量 的吸水剂， 预处理后的放射性废弃液呈果冻状。 所述碱性化合物为任意碱性化合物。 所述 酸性化合物为任意酸性化合物。
所述 ra值应尽可能接近 7。所述 ra值偏离 7将对吸水剂工作效率产生负面影响。所述 吸水剂为任意吸水剂。 所述吸水剂的用量依放射性废弃液的性质及重量而定。 所述吸水剂 的重量与放射性废弃液的重量比为： 1/2至 1/500。 固化工艺， 其特征在于： 经过预处理的、 呈果冻状的放射性废弃液作为添加物与固化 剂、 水按一定比例均匀混合， 形成浆料并进而固化。 所述固化剂可为但不限于含磷粉剂型 固化剂。 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加水搅拌形成浆料后引发化学固化反应。
所述固化剂可为但不限于水泥等常规固化剂。 所述固化剂可为但不限于玻璃等常规固 化剂。 所述固化剂可为但不限于沥青等常规固化剂。
所述经过预处理的、 呈果冻状的放射性废弃液作为添加物在最终成品中所占重量比为 20%〜95%。 固化所得产物的二次固化， 其特征在于： 一次固化所得产物作为添加物与固化剂、 水 按一定比例均匀混合， 形成浆料并进而二次固化成型。 所述固化剂可为但不限于含磷粉剂 型固化剂。 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加水搅拌形成浆料后引发化学固化反应。 所述固化 剂可为但不限于水泥等常规固化剂。 所述固化剂可为但不限于玻璃等常规固化剂。 所述固 化剂可为但不限于沥青等常规固化剂。 所述一次固化所得产物作为添加物在最终成品中所 占重量比为 20%〜95%。 固化所得产物的加固封装， 其特征在于： 固化所得产物整体外涂一层加固层。
所述加固层可为但不限于含磷粉剂型固化剂。 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加水搅拌形 成浆料后引发化学固化反应。 所述加固层可为但不限于水泥等常规固化剂。 所述加固层可 为但不限于玻璃等常规固化剂。 所述加固层可为但不限于沥青等常规固化剂。 所述加固层 可为但不限于不锈钢等金属制品。 所述加固层厚度为 0 -50厘米。 所述加固层可通过但不 限于喷涂工艺实现。 废弃液体的半固化处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收废弃液体， 使得废弃液体 形成果冻态产物。 采用吸水剂吸收废弃液体之前， 采用碱性或酸性化合物将废弃液体的 PH 值调整至中性。 以所述果冻态产物为原料， 利用固化剂使得果冻态产物形成固化体。
放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收放射性废弃液体， 使得放射 性废弃液体形成放射性果冻态产物； 以所述放射性果冻态产物为原料， 利用固化剂使得放 射性果冻态产物形成固化体。 以所述固化体为原料， 与固化剂混合成浆料后进行二次固化 成型， 形成二次固化体。 对所述固化体或二次固化体外设加固层， 所述外设加固层包裹所 述固化体或二次固化体。 所述固化剂为含磷粉剂型固化剂， 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加 水搅拌形成浆料后引发化学固化反应。 所述固化剂为水泥、 玻璃、 沥青。 所述加固层为水 泥、 玻璃、 沥青和 /或金属。 采用吸水剂吸收放射性废弃液体之前， 采用碱性或酸性化合物 将废弃液体的 PH值调整至中性； 所述吸水剂与所述 PH值为中性的放射性废弃液体的重量 比为 1： 2〜1： 500; 所述放射性果冻态产物在所述固化体中的重量比为 20%〜95%。
吸水剂所谓吸水剂是指可以吸收上百倍甚至上千倍于自身重量水的物质.由于吸水剂 吸水后体积膨胀并含有大量的水形成了一类介于凝胶和溶液之间的特殊状态。 吸水剂包括 吸水性树脂， 例如， 超高吸水性树脂 (SAP)也称为吸水剂。 在此指明， 以上叙述有助于本领域技术人员理解本发明创造，但并非限制本发明创造的 保护范围。 任何没有脱离本发明创造实质内容的对以上叙述的等同替换、 修饰改进和 /或删 繁从简而进行的实施， 均落入本发明创造的保护范围。

Claims

权利要求书
1.废弃液体的半固化处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收废弃液体， 使得废弃液体 形成果冻态产物。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的废弃液体的半固化处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收废 弃液体之前， 采用碱性或酸性化合物将废弃液体的 PH值调整至中性。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的废弃液体的半固化处理方法， 其特征在于， 以所述果冻态产物 为原料， 利用固化剂使得果冻态产物形成固化体。
4.放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收放射性废弃液体， 使得放射 性废弃液体形成放射性果冻态产物； 以所述放射性果冻态产物为原料， 利用固化剂使得放 射性果冻态产物形成固化体。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法，其特征在于，以所述固化体为原料， 与固化剂混合成浆料后进行二次固化成型， 形成二次固化体。
6.根据权利要求 4或 5所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 对所述固化体或 二次固化体外设加固层， 所述外设加固层包裹所述固化体或二次固化体。
7.根据权利要求 4所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述固化剂为含磷粉 剂型固化剂， 所述含磷粉剂型固化剂通过加水搅拌形成浆料后引发化学固化反应。
8.根据权利要求 4所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述固化剂为水泥、 玻璃、 沥青。
9.根据权利要求 6所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 所述加固层为水泥、 玻璃、 沥青和 /或金属。
10.根据权利要求 4所述的放射性废弃液体处理方法， 其特征在于， 采用吸水剂吸收放 射性废弃液体之前，采用碱性或酸性化合物将废弃液体的 PH值调整至中性； 所述吸水剂与 所述 PH值为中性的放射性废弃液体的重量比为 1： 2〜1： 500； 所述放射性果冻态产物在 所述固化体中的重量比为 20%〜95%。
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