WO2012114994A1 - カラー撮像素子 - Google Patents
カラー撮像素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012114994A1 WO2012114994A1 PCT/JP2012/053777 JP2012053777W WO2012114994A1 WO 2012114994 A1 WO2012114994 A1 WO 2012114994A1 JP 2012053777 W JP2012053777 W JP 2012053777W WO 2012114994 A1 WO2012114994 A1 WO 2012114994A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
- H04N9/64—Circuits for processing colour signals
- H04N9/646—Circuits for processing colour signals for image enhancement, e.g. vertical detail restoration, cross-colour elimination, contour correction, chrominance trapping filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/10—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof for transforming different wavelengths into image signals
- H04N25/11—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics
- H04N25/13—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements
- H04N25/134—Arrangement of colour filter arrays [CFA]; Filter mosaics characterised by the spectral characteristics of the filter elements based on three different wavelength filter elements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a color image sensor, and more particularly to a color image sensor capable of reducing the occurrence of color moire and increasing the resolution.
- a single color filter is provided on each pixel, so each pixel has only single color information.
- the output image of the single-chip color imaging device is a RAW image (mosaic image)
- a multi-channel image is obtained by a process of interpolating the missing color pixels from the surrounding pixels (synchronization process).
- the problem is the reproduction characteristics of high-frequency image signals.
- a color image sensor is more likely to cause aliasing in a captured image than a monochrome image sensor. For this reason, it is an important issue to widen the reproduction band and increase the resolution while suppressing the occurrence of color moire (false color).
- the primary color Bayer array which is the color array of the color filter most widely used in a single-plate color image sensor, has green (G) pixels arranged in a checkered pattern, and red (R) and blue (B) are arranged in line sequence. Is. For this reason, there is a problem in reproduction accuracy when a high-frequency signal is generated in the oblique direction for the G signal and in the horizontal and vertical directions for the R and B signals.
- FIG. 22A When a black and white vertical stripe pattern (high-frequency image) as shown in FIG. 22A is incident on a color imaging device having a Bayer array color filter shown in FIG.
- R When divided and compared for each color, as shown in FIGS. 22C to 22E, R is a light flat, B is a dark flat, and G is a light and shade mosaic image.
- a density difference level difference
- a color is added depending on the color arrangement and the input frequency.
- an optical low-pass filter made of a birefringent material such as crystal is disposed in front of the color image pickup device, and this is avoided by optically dropping high frequencies.
- coloring due to folding of the high-frequency signal can be reduced, but there is a problem that the resolution is lowered due to its adverse effect.
- the color filter array of the color image sensor is configured such that an arbitrary pixel of interest satisfies an arrangement restriction condition in which any of the three colors including the color of the pixel of interest and the four sides of the pixel of interest are adjacent.
- Patent Document 1 A color imaging device having a random color arrangement has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 2 an image sensor having a color filter array alternately arranged at the second predetermined period in the other diagonal direction has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
- R and B of the three primary colors of RGB are arranged every three pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions, and G is arranged between these R and B (patent). Reference 4).
- Patent Document 5 in a color solid-state imaging device of three primary colors of RGB, the color filter array is divided into four regions by the X-axis and Y-axis passing through the center, and R, G, and B are Bayer in each region.
- R, G, and B are Bayer in each region.
- R, G, and B in each region have an X-axis mirror symmetry pattern and a Y-axis mirror symmetry pattern while being arranged in an array.
- at least one G is arranged in each of the horizontal (X axis), vertical (Y axis), and diagonal lines of the color filter array.
- the filter arrangement is random. For this reason, when performing a synchronization (interpolation) process (or demosaic process, hereinafter the same) at a later stage, it is necessary to optimize for each random pattern, and there is a problem that the synchronization process becomes complicated.
- the random arrangement is effective for low-frequency color moire, but is not effective for false colors in the high-frequency part.
- the ratio of the number of G pixels to the number of R and B pixels is higher than that of the Bayer array, and there are lines of only G pixels in the horizontal or vertical direction. For this reason, it is not effective for the false color of the high-frequency part in the horizontal or vertical direction.
- one or more G is arranged in each horizontal (vertical) and diagonal (especially diagonal) line of the color filter array.
- either one of R and B is not arranged on the horizontal and vertical lines, the occurrence of color moire (false color) cannot be suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and can suppress the generation of false colors and increase the resolution, and can simplify the subsequent processing as compared with the conventional random arrangement.
- An object is to provide an imaging device.
- a color imaging device provides a color image of a predetermined color filter array on a plurality of pixels formed by photoelectric conversion devices arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction.
- a filter is provided, and the color filter array includes a sub-array in which the color filters are arranged in an array pattern corresponding to M ⁇ N (M is an even number of 2 or more, N is an even number of 4 or more) pixels,
- the sub-array is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the color filter includes a first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal, and 2 other than the first color.
- the first filter has a checkered pattern in the sub-array and the arrangement of the first filter in one of the sub-arrays adjacent to each other in the horizontal or vertical direction and the first filter in the other
- the second filter corresponding to each color of the second color is arranged in the basic arrangement pattern repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction in the color filter arrangement.
- the basic array pattern including K sub-array sets (K is a natural number of 1 or more) that are adjacent to each other and in which the arrangement of the first filters is a mirror image, the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array One or more are arranged in each line.
- the first filter that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is a checkerboard pattern in a sub-array and a first filter between sub-arrays adjacent to each other in the horizontal or vertical direction.
- the filters were arranged so that the arrangement of the filters had a mirror image relationship. For this reason, one or more first filters can be arranged in each of the horizontal, vertical, diagonally upper right and diagonally lower right lines of the color filter array, thereby improving the reproduction accuracy of the synchronization processing in the high frequency region. Can do.
- one or more second filters corresponding to each of the second or more second colors other than the first color are included in each horizontal and vertical line of the color filter array in the basic array pattern. It was arranged. For this reason, the generation of color moire (false color) can be suppressed and high resolution can be achieved.
- the color filter array has a predetermined basic array pattern repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, according to said aspect, when performing the synchronization (interpolation) process in a back
- the ratio between the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter and the number of pixels of each second color of two or more colors corresponding to the second filter is made different.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal is made larger than the ratio of the number of pixels of each color of the second color corresponding to the second filter. For this reason, aliasing can be suppressed and high frequency reproducibility is also good.
- the basic array pattern is composed of an array pattern corresponding to ⁇ M ⁇ ⁇ N ( ⁇ and ⁇ are both natural numbers of 1 or more) pixels. For this reason, for example, when the color image sensor is a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor, an even number (for example, four) of pixels can share one amplifier circuit.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the basic array pattern is composed of one set. This is because, when the basic array pattern is enlarged, signal processing such as synchronization is complicated, but a special effect cannot be obtained by increasing the size of the basic array pattern.
- the basic array pattern is an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels. If the basic array pattern is an array pattern corresponding to 2 ⁇ 8 pixels, one or more second filters of each color may be arranged in each horizontal and vertical line of the color filter array in the basic array pattern. Because it becomes impossible.
- the basic array pattern is four sub-arrays that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction and that are adjacent to each other.
- the arrangement of the first filters is composed of four sub-arrays that have a mirror image relationship.
- the color filter array includes a square array corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels formed of the first filter.
- M and N are even numbers of 10 or less.
- M and N exceed 10 (M, N> 10)
- signal processing such as synchronization is complicated, but a special effect cannot be obtained by increasing the size of the basic array pattern. It is.
- the first color is green (G) and the second color is red (R) and blue (B).
- At least one first filter corresponding to the first color that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is included in each of the horizontal, vertical, diagonal upper right, and diagonal lower right lines of the color filter array.
- the ratio of the number of pixels of the first color corresponding to the first filter is set to the ratio of the number of pixels of each color of the second color corresponding to the second filter of two or more colors other than the first color. I tried to make it bigger. For this reason, it is possible to improve the reproduction accuracy of the synchronization (interpolation) processing in the high frequency region and to suppress aliasing.
- one or more second filters corresponding to each of the second or more second colors other than the first color are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern. I tried to do it. For this reason, the generation of color moire (false color) can be suppressed and high resolution can be achieved.
- a predetermined basic array pattern is repeated in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, when performing the synchronization (interpolation) process in the subsequent stage, the process can be performed in accordance with the repetitive pattern, and the subsequent process can be simplified as compared with the conventional random array.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a digital camera equipped with a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing pixels of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state in which the basic array pattern of 6 ⁇ 6 pixels included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment is divided into an A array and a B array of 3 ⁇ 3 pixels, and these are arranged. It is.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a digital camera equipped with a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing pixels of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a first embodiment of
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method of determining the correlation direction from the pixel values of 2 ⁇ 2 G pixels included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the concept of the basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color image sensor.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a color filter array of a comparative example having a square array pattern.
- FIG. 11 illustrates that in the color filter array of the color imaging device of the second embodiment, there is no diagonal upper right and diagonal lower right direction [diagonal (NE, NW) direction] line where no G filter is arranged.
- FIG. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color imaging device of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a basic array pattern included in the color filter array of the color image sensor of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a comparative example of basic arrangement patterns in which one or more R and B filters are not arranged on the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter arrangement.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a color image sensor of another embodiment in which the number of sub-arrays constituting the basic array pattern is increased from that of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a color image sensor of another embodiment in which the arrangement of sub-arrays constituting the basic array pattern is different from that of the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a problem of a color imaging device having a color filter with a conventional Bayer array.
- FIG. 23 is another diagram for explaining a problem of a color image sensor having a color filter with a conventional Bayer array.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a digital camera 9 having a color image sensor according to the present invention.
- the digital camera 9 includes a photographing optical system 10, a color imaging device 12, a photographing processing unit 14, an image processing unit 16, a driving unit 18, and a control unit 20.
- the subject is imaged by the photographing optical system 10, and a light image indicating the subject image is formed on the light receiving surface of the color image sensor 12 (the color image sensor of the first embodiment).
- the color image sensor 12 is arranged above the light receiving surface of a plurality of pixels composed of photoelectric conversion elements arrayed in the horizontal and vertical directions (two-dimensional array) in the drawing on the imaging surface.
- This is a so-called single-plate type color image pickup device including a color filter having a predetermined color filter array.
- upward refers to the direction in which the subject light is incident on the imaging surface of the color imaging element 12.
- the subject image formed on the color image sensor 12 is converted into a signal charge corresponding to the amount of incident light by the photoelectric conversion element of each pixel.
- the signal charge accumulated in each photoelectric conversion element is sequentially read out from the color imaging element 12 as a voltage signal (image signal) corresponding to the signal charge based on a drive pulse given from the drive unit 18 according to a command from the control unit 20.
- the image signals read from the color image sensor 12 are R, G, and B signals that indicate red (R), green (G), and blue (B) mosaic images corresponding to the color filter array of the color image sensor 12.
- the image signal read from the color image sensor 12 is input to the imaging processing unit 14.
- the imaging processing unit 14 is a correlated double sampling circuit (CDS, Correlated Double Sampling) for removing reset noise included in the image signal, AGC (Automatic) for amplifying the image signal and controlling it to a certain level. Gain Control) circuit and A / D converter.
- CDS Correlated Double Sampling
- AGC Automatic
- Gain Control Automatic
- the imaging processing unit 14 amplifies the input image signal by performing correlated double sampling processing, and then outputs RAW data converted to a digital image signal to the image processing unit 16.
- the image processing unit 16 calculates a white balance correction circuit, a gamma correction circuit, and a synchronization processing circuit (all RGB color information for each pixel from an RGB mosaic image associated with the color filter array of the single-plate color image sensor 12 ( (Processing circuit for simultaneous conversion), luminance / color difference signal generation circuit, contour correction circuit, and color correction circuit.
- the image processing unit 16 performs necessary signal processing on the RAW data of the mosaic image input from the imaging processing unit 14 in accordance with a command from the control unit 20 to obtain luminance data (Y data) and color difference data (Cr, Cb data).
- Image data (YUV data) consisting of:
- the image data generated by the image processing unit 16 is subjected to compression processing in accordance with JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) standard for still images by a compression / decompression processing circuit, and MPEG2 (Moving) for moving images.
- JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
- MPEG2 Motion Picture Experts Group
- the image data is output and displayed on display means (not shown) such as a liquid crystal monitor.
- FIG. 2 and 3 are views showing a first embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention.
- 2 shows the pixel arrangement of the pixels provided in the color image sensor 12
- FIG. 3 shows the color filter arrangement of the color filter.
- the color imaging device 12 is a diagram in which a plurality of pixels including photoelectric conversion elements 22 arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction (two-dimensional arrangement) and a light receiving surface of each pixel are arranged. 3 of the color filter array shown in FIG.
- any one of RGB primary color filters hereinafter referred to as R filter, G filter, and B filter
- R filter, G filter, and B filter any one of RGB primary color filters
- G filter, and B filter any one of RGB primary color filters
- the color image sensor 12 is not limited to a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) color image sensor, but may be other types of image sensors such as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- CCD Charge Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the color filter array of the color image sensor 12 of the first embodiment has the following features (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6).
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 3 includes a basic array pattern P (pattern indicated by a thick frame in the figure) composed of a square array pattern corresponding to 6 ⁇ 6 pixels, and the basic array pattern P is in the horizontal and vertical directions. It is arranged repeatedly. That is, in this color filter array, R filters 23R, G filters 23G, and B filters 23B of R, G, and B colors are arrayed with a predetermined periodicity.
- the R filter 23R, the G filter 23G, and the B filter 23B are arranged with a predetermined periodicity, a synchronization (interpolation) process of R, G, and B signals read from the color image sensor 12 is performed.
- the processing can be performed according to a repeating pattern.
- the color filter array after the thinning process can be the same as the color filter array before the thinning process, and a common processing circuit is used. be able to.
- the G filter 23G corresponding to the color that contributes most to obtain the luminance signal has horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NE, NW) in each line.
- NE means a diagonal upper right direction
- NW means a diagonal lower right direction.
- the diagonally upper right and diagonally lower right directions are directions of 45 ° with respect to the horizontal direction.
- the angle can be changed according to the length of the long side and the short side.
- One or more G filters 23G corresponding to luminance system pixels are arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the color filter array. For this reason, it is possible to improve the reproduction accuracy of the synchronization processing in the high frequency region regardless of the direction of high frequency.
- the basic array pattern P of the color filter array shown in FIG. 3 has 8 pixels, 20 pixels, and R pixels corresponding to the RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B in the basic array pattern, respectively. There are 8 pixels. That is, the ratio of the number of pixels of RGB pixels is 2: 5: 2, and the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is the ratio of R pixels and B pixels of other colors. It is larger than the ratio of the number of pixels.
- the ratio between the number of G pixels and the number of R and B pixels is different, and in particular, the ratio of the number of G pixels that contributes most to obtain a luminance signal is equal to the number of R and B pixels. It was made larger than the ratio. For this reason, it is possible to suppress aliasing during the synchronization process and to improve high-frequency reproducibility.
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B corresponding to two or more other colors (in this embodiment, R and B colors) other than the G color are respectively provided in the basic array pattern.
- R and B colors in this embodiment, R and B colors
- P one or more are arranged in each line in the horizontal and vertical directions of the color filter array.
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array, respectively, occurrence of color moire (false color) can be suppressed. Thereby, it is possible to prevent an optical low-pass filter for suppressing the occurrence of false colors from being arranged in the optical path from the incident surface of the optical system to the imaging surface. In addition, even when an optical low-pass filter is applied, it is possible to apply a filter having a weak function of cutting a high-frequency component for preventing generation of false colors. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the resolution from being impaired by the optical low-pass filter.
- FIG. 4 shows a state where the basic array pattern P shown in FIG. 3 is divided into 4 ⁇ 3 ⁇ 3 pixels.
- the basic array pattern P includes a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel A array 24a surrounded by a solid line frame in the figure and a 3 ⁇ 3 pixel B array 24b surrounded by a broken line frame in the figure. It can also be understood that the arrangement is alternately arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the G filters 23G which are luminance system pixels, are arranged at the four corners and the center, and are arranged on both diagonal lines.
- the R filter 23R is arranged in the horizontal direction and the B filter 23B is arranged in the vertical direction with the central G filter 23G interposed therebetween.
- the B filter 23B is arranged in the horizontal direction and the R filter 23R is arranged in the vertical direction with the central G filter 23G interposed therebetween. That is, in the A array 24a and the B array 24b, the positional relationship between the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B is reversed, but the other arrangements are the same.
- the G filter 23G at the four corners of the A array 24a and the B array 24b corresponds to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels by alternately arranging the A array and the B array in the horizontal and vertical directions as shown in FIG.
- the G filter 23G has a square arrangement.
- the G filter 23G which is a luminance system pixel, is arranged at the four corners and the center in 3 ⁇ 3 pixels in the A array 24a or B array 24b, and these 3 ⁇ 3 pixels are alternately arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. This is because a square array G filter 23G corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels is formed.
- sequence by setting it as such an arrangement
- the color filter array shown in FIG. 3 includes a square array 25 (hereinafter simply referred to as the G square array 25, see FIG. 6) corresponding to 2 ⁇ 2 pixels provided with the G filter 23G.
- this color filter array it is possible to determine a direction having a high correlation among the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the diagonal direction by using the information of the G pixel having the minimum pixel interval.
- This direction discrimination result can be used for a process of interpolating from surrounding pixels (synchronization process). Thereby, the synchronization processing by the image processing unit 16 can be executed.
- a pixel of the 3 ⁇ 3 pixel A array 24a or B array 24b is set as a target pixel of the synchronization processing, and 5 ⁇ 5 pixels (a mosaic image local area) centering on the A array 24a or B array 24b.
- the (region) is extracted, there are 2 ⁇ 2 G pixels at four corners of 5 ⁇ 5 pixels.
- the basic array pattern P of the color filter array shown in FIG. 3 is point-symmetric with respect to the center (the center of the four G filters 23G). As shown in FIG. 4, the A array and the B array in the basic array pattern P are also point-symmetric with respect to the central G filter 23G.
- the color filter array of the first and third lines of the first to sixth lines in the horizontal direction is GBGGRG
- the second The color filter array of the line is RGRGBB
- the color filter array of the fourth and sixth lines is GRGGGB
- the color filter array of the fifth line is BGBGR.
- the basic array pattern P in which the basic array pattern is point-symmetric is referred to as a basic array pattern for convenience.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of the color image sensor.
- the color image sensor of the second embodiment has basically the same configuration as the first embodiment except that the color filter array is different. For this reason, the same functions and configurations as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the color filter array (hereinafter simply referred to as color filter array) of the color image sensor 26 of the second embodiment is a basic array pattern in which the RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B are arrayed in an array pattern corresponding to 8 ⁇ 12 pixels.
- This basic array pattern P1 including P1 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (1).
- the basic array pattern P1 is composed of four types of sub-arrays having an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 6 pixels. These four types of subarrays are an A array 27a, a B array 27b, a C array 27c, and a D array 27d.
- the arrays 27a to 27d are arranged in a matrix so as to be adjacent to each other in the horizontal and vertical directions.
- the A array 27a and the B array 27b, and the C array 27c and the D array 27d are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. Further, the A array 27a and the C array 27c, and the B array 27b and the D array 27d are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
- symbol L1 in a figure is a boundary line of A arrangement
- Reference sign L2 is a boundary line between the A array 27a and the B array 27b and the C array 27c and the D array 27d.
- G filters 23G are arranged in a checkered pattern (also referred to as a checker pattern).
- the G filter 23G is arranged so that the arrangement of the G filter 23G has a mirror image relationship between the arrays 27a to 27d adjacent to each other.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 27a and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the B array 27b are mirror images of the boundary line L1.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the C array 27c and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the D array 27d are also mirror images of the boundary line L1.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 27a and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the C array 27c are mirror images of the boundary line L2.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the B array 27b and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the D array 27d are also mirror images of the boundary line L2.
- the basic array pattern P1 includes two sub-array pairs [(A array 27a and B array 27b, C array 27c and D array 27d)] or ( A array 27a and C array 27c, B array 27b and D array 27d)].
- each of the arrays 27a to 27d has an array pattern corresponding to M ⁇ N (M ⁇ N and both are even) pixels (condition 1), and the G filter 23G is a checkered pattern in each of the arrays 27a to 27d. If the arrangement of the G filters 23G in the arrays 27a to 27d adjacent to each other in the horizontal and vertical directions is in a mirror image relationship (condition 3), the G filter 23G It is arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the array.
- an oblique (NE, NW) line in which the G filter 23G is not arranged is generated.
- one of the diagonal lines of each of the arrays 27a to 27d is a G blank diagonal line L3 passing through a pixel (hereinafter referred to as a G blank pixel) where the G filter 23G is not disposed, and this G blank diagonal line L3 is further connected to the boundary line L1.
- the G blank diagonal line L3 of each of the arrays 27a to 27d is positioned on the same straight line by passing through the intersection with the boundary line L2.
- the G blank passing through the G blank pixels arranged in the oblique (NE, NW) direction in each of the arrays 27a to 27d by satisfying the above-described conditions 1 to 3, as shown in FIG. 11, the G blank passing through the G blank pixels arranged in the oblique (NE, NW) direction in each of the arrays 27a to 27d.
- the line L4 does not pass through both of the two corners (intersections between the boundary line L1 and the boundary line L2) at the diagonal positions of the arrays 27a to 27d.
- the G blank lines L4 of the arrays 27a to 27d are not positioned on the same straight line, and the diagonal (NE, NW) lines where the G filter 23G is not arranged. Does not occur.
- the arrangement of the G filters 23G in each of the arrays 27a to 27d is random, so that the G filter 23G is horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) of the color filter array. It cannot be said that it is arranged in each line of direction. Furthermore, when the condition 3 is not satisfied, the G filter 23G is a color filter array that is uniformly arranged in a checkered pattern, so that an oblique (NE, NW) line in which the G filter 23G is not disposed is generated.
- the G filter 23G is arranged so as to satisfy the above-mentioned conditions 1 to 3, so that the G filter 23G is in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the color filter arrangement. Placed in each line.
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2). Note that another embodiment in which the color filter array has the characteristic (2) even when the condition 3 or the conditions 1 and 3 are changed will be described later.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 27a and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the D array 27d are point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P1.
- the arrangement of the G filters 23G in the B array 27b and the arrangement of the G filters 23G in the C array 27c are also point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P1.
- the color filter array includes the G square array 25.
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (5).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P1 as in the first embodiment. .
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (4).
- the A array 27a and the D array 27d are point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P1, and the B array 27b and the C array 27c are about the center of the basic array pattern P1.
- the R and B filters 23R and 23B are also arranged so as to be point symmetric.
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (6).
- the number of R pixels, G pixels, and B pixels corresponding to the RGB filters 23R, 23B, and 23R in the basic array pattern P1 (hereinafter abbreviated as the number of RGB pixels as appropriate) is set. 24 pixels, 48 pixels, and 24 pixels. For this reason, since the ratio of the number of RGB pixels is 1: 2: 1, the color filter array has the above-described feature (3).
- the color filter array of the second embodiment has the same characteristics as the characteristics (1) to (6) of the color filter array of the first embodiment.
- the basic array pattern P1 is composed of an array pattern corresponding to “even ⁇ even” pixels. For this reason, when the color image sensor 26 is a CMOS image sensor, for example, one pixel can be shared by four pixels arranged in a square matrix (the same applies to other embodiments).
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a third embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of the color image sensor.
- the basic array pattern P1 of the second embodiment is composed of a total of four types of sub-arrays of A, B, C, and D arrays 27a to 27d.
- the basic array pattern P1 is basically the same.
- the array pattern is composed of a set of two types of sub arrays.
- the third embodiment is basically the same in configuration as the first and second embodiments except that the color filter arrangement is different. Therefore, the third embodiment has the same function and configuration. About the thing, the same code
- the color filter array (hereinafter simply referred to as color filter array) of the color image pickup device 30 includes a basic array pattern P2 in which RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B are arrayed in an array pattern corresponding to 8 ⁇ 6 pixels.
- the array pattern P2 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (1).
- the basic array pattern P2 is composed of a set of an A array 27a and a B array 27b that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction and in which the arrangement of the G filter 23G is a mirror image with respect to the boundary line L1. .
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P2 as in the first and second embodiments. . Furthermore, since the number of RGB pixels in the basic array pattern P2 is 12, 24, and 12 pixels, respectively, the ratio of the number of pixels is 1: 2: 1. Thereby, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (4) and feature (3).
- the A array 27a and the B array 27b are not point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P2, and the G square array 25 is not included in the color filter array.
- the color filter array of the third embodiment has the same features as the features (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a fourth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of the color image sensor.
- the basic array pattern P2 of the third embodiment is composed of a set of an A array 27a and a B array 27b that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction.
- a basic array pattern is configured by a set of two types of sub arrays adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
- the color filter array (hereinafter simply referred to as color filter array) of the color imaging device 32 includes a basic array pattern P3 in which the RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B are arrayed in an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 12 pixels.
- the array pattern P3 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (1).
- each basic array pattern P3 is composed of a set of an A array 27a and a C array 27c that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction and in which the arrangement of the G filter 23G is a mirror image with respect to the boundary line L2. Yes.
- the basic array pattern P3 satisfies the above conditions 1 and 2 and the condition 3B in which the arrangement of the G filters 23G in the sub arrays (both arrays 27a and 27c) adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction has a mirror image relationship
- the G filter 23G is arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the color filter array.
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P3, as in the third embodiment. Further, the ratio of the number of RGB pixels is the same as in the third embodiment. Thereby, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (4) and feature (3).
- a array 27a and the C array 27c are not point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P3, and the G square array 25 is not included in the color filter array.
- the color filter array of the fourth embodiment has the same features as the features (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a fifth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of the color image sensor.
- each of the sub arrays (A, B, C, D arrays 27a to 27d) constituting the basic array pattern has an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 6 pixels.
- each sub-array has an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 2 pixels.
- the color filter array (hereinafter simply referred to as color filter array) of the color image pickup device 34 includes a basic array pattern P4 in which the RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B are arrayed in an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels.
- This basic array pattern P4 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (1).
- the basic array pattern P4 has an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 2 pixels, and is composed of a set of an A array 35a and a B array 35b adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
- G filters 23G are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 35a and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the B array 35b are mirror images of the boundary line L2.
- the basic array pattern P4 satisfies the above condition 1, condition 2, and condition 3B, so that the G filter 23G is horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) of the color filter array as in the fourth embodiment. ) Placed in each line of direction.
- the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) direction lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P4 as in the above embodiments. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (4).
- a basic array pattern P4 NG composed of a set of A array 35a and B array 35b adjacent to each other in the vertical direction has 8 RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B. These are arranged in an arrangement pattern corresponding to ⁇ 2 pixels.
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B cannot be arranged in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) direction lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P4 NG .
- the sub-array A array 35a, B array 35b
- the basic array pattern corresponds to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels. It is necessary to make it an arrangement pattern.
- the number of RGB pixels in the basic array pattern P4 is 4 pixels, 8 pixels, and 4 pixels, respectively, and the ratio of the number of pixels is 1: 2: 1. (3).
- the A array 35a and the B array 35b are not point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P4, and the G square array 25 is not included in the color filter array. Not in.
- the color filter array of the fifth embodiment has the same features as the features (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the first embodiment.
- the basic array pattern P4 is composed of the A array 35a and the B array 35b.
- the basic array pattern P4a is horizontal to each other as in the color image sensor 36 shown in FIG. 19, for example.
- You may be comprised by four types of A, B, C, D arrangement
- the arrays 35a to 35d are basically the same as the arrays 27a to 27d of the second embodiment except that the arrays 35a to 35d are array patterns corresponding to 4 ⁇ 2 pixels.
- the color filter array includes a G square array 25. For this reason, the color filter array configured by the basic array pattern P4a has the features (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5) of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a sixth embodiment of a single-plate color image sensor according to the present invention, and particularly shows a color filter array of the color image sensor.
- Each sub-array constituting the basic array pattern of the second to fifth embodiments has an array pattern corresponding to M ⁇ N (M ⁇ N and both are even) pixels.
- the color filter array (hereinafter simply referred to as color filter array) of the color image pickup device 36 includes a basic array pattern P5 in which the RGB filters 23R, 23G, and 23B are arrayed in an array pattern corresponding to 8 ⁇ 4 pixels.
- This basic array pattern P5 is repeatedly arranged in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. For this reason, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (1).
- the basic array pattern P5 includes a set of an A array 39a and a B array 39b that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction. Both arrays 39a and 39b have an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 4 pixels.
- G filters 23G are arranged in a checkered pattern.
- the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 39a and the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the B array 39b are mirror images of the boundary line L1.
- both the arrays 39a and 39b have a square array pattern (Condition 1A). Further, even when the above condition 2 and condition 3A are satisfied, the G filter 23G is arranged in each line in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the color filter array. Thereby, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array in the basic array pattern P5 as in the above embodiments. Further, since the number of RGB pixels in the basic array pattern P5 is 8, 16, and 8 pixels, the ratio of the number of pixels is 1: 2: 1. Thereby, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (4) and feature (3).
- the A array 38a and the B array 38b are not point-symmetric with respect to the center of the basic array pattern P5, and the G square array 25 is not included in the color filter array. Not in.
- the color filter array of the sixth embodiment has the same features as the features (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the first embodiment.
- the basic array pattern P5 includes the A array 39a and the B array 39b that are adjacent to each other in the vertical direction.
- the basic array pattern P5a may be composed of a set of an A array 39a and a C array 39c that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal direction.
- G filters 23G are arranged in a checkered pattern. Further, the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the C array 39c is arranged so as to have a mirror image relation with the arrangement of the G filter 23G in the A array 39a and the boundary line L2. As described above, even when the basic array pattern P5a satisfies the above-described condition 1A, condition 2, and condition 3B, the G filter 23G is included in each line in the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal (NE, NW) directions of the color filter array. Placed in. Thereby, the color filter array has the above-mentioned feature (2).
- the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B are arranged in the horizontal and vertical lines of the color filter array, so that the color filter array is the same as in the sixth embodiment. (3) and (4).
- the C array 39c shown in FIG. 21 has the same configuration as the B array 39b of the sixth embodiment, but the R filter 23R and the B filter are within the range satisfying the above feature (4).
- the arrangement of 23B may be changed.
- the color filter array configured by the basic array pattern P5a as described above also has the same characteristics as the characteristics (1), (2), (3), and (4) of the first embodiment.
- the basic array pattern is configured by sub-arrays having an array pattern corresponding to 4 ⁇ 6 pixels.
- M ⁇ N (M ⁇ N and both are even numbers) ) It may be configured by a sub array having an array pattern corresponding to a pixel.
- N (M is the same) is preferably 10 or less. This is because when N (M is the same) exceeds 10 (N, M> 10), signal processing such as synchronization becomes complicated, but a special effect by increasing the size of the basic array pattern It is because it cannot be obtained.
- one or two subarray sets that are adjacent to each other and in which the arrangement of the G filter 23G has a mirror image relationship are used.
- the basic arrangement pattern including the above has been described as an example, the basic arrangement pattern may be configured by a set of three or more sub-arrays (six or more sub-arrays).
- the arrangement of the R filter 23R and the B filter 23B in each of the above embodiments is not limited to the arrangement shown in FIGS. 3 to 21, and may be appropriately changed within a range that satisfies at least the above-described feature (4).
- the color filter array of the three primary colors of RGB has been described.
- the color filter array of four color filters of three primary colors of RGB + other colors for example, emerald (E)). There may be.
- the present invention also provides a color filter array of C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow) color filters, which are complementary colors of the primary colors RGB, or a four-color complementary color filter with G added thereto. It can also be applied to color filter arrays.
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Abstract
Description
図1は本発明に係るカラー撮像素子を備えるデジタルカメラ9のブロック図である。デジタルカメラ9は、撮影光学系10、カラー撮像素子12、撮影処理部14、画像処理部16、駆動部18、制御部20を備えている。
図2及び図3は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第1の実施形態を示す図である。図2はカラー撮像素子12に設けられている画素の画素配列に関して示し、図3はカラーフィルタのカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。
第1の実施形態のカラー撮像素子12のカラーフィルタ配列は、下記の特徴(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)及び(6)を有している。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、6×6画素に対応する正方配列パターンからなる基本配列パターンP(図中の太枠で示したパターン)を含み、この基本配列パターンPが水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている。即ち、このカラーフィルタ配列は、R、G、Bの各色のRフィルタ23R、Gフィルタ23G、Bフィルタ23Bが所定の周期性をもって配列されている。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する色(この実施形態では、Gの色)に対応するGフィルタ23Gが、カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直、及び斜め(NE,NW)方向の各ライン内に配置されている。ここで、NEは斜め右上方向を意味し、NWは斜め右下方向を意味する。例えば、正方形の画素の配列の場合は、斜め右上及び斜め右下方向とは水平方向に対しそれぞれ45°の方向となる。一方、長方形の画素の配列であれば、長方形の対角線の方向であり、長辺・短辺の長さに応じてその角度は変わりうる。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンPは、その基本配列パターン内におけるRGBフィルタ23R,23G,23Bに対応するR画素、G画素、B画素の画素数が、それぞれ8画素、20画素、8画素になっている。即ち、RGB画素の各画素数の比率は、2:5:2になっており、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与するG画素の画素数の比率は、他の色のR画素、B画素のそれぞれの画素数の比率よりも大きくなっている。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列では、上記Gの色以外の2色以上の他の色(この実施形態では、R,Bの色)に対応するRフィルタ23R、Bフィルタ23Bが、それぞれ基本配列パターンP内においてカラーフィルタ配列の水平、及び垂直方向の各ライン内に1つ以上配置されている。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列は、Gフィルタ23Gが設けられた2×2画素に対応する正方配列25(以下、単にG正方配列25という、図6参照)を含んでいる。
図3に示すカラーフィルタ配列の基本配列パターンPは、その中心(4つのGフィルタ23Gの中心)に対して点対称になっている。また、図4に示したように、基本配列パターンP内のA配列及びB配列も、それぞれ中心のGフィルタ23Gに対して点対称になっている。
図8は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第2の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。なお、第2の実施形態のカラー撮像素子は、カラーフィルタ配列が異なる点を除けば、上記第1の実施形態と基本的には同じ構成である。このため、上記第1の実施形態と機能・構成上同一のものについては、同一符号を付してその説明は省略する。
図12は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第3の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。上記第2の実施形態の基本配列パターンP1は、A、B、C、D配列27a~27dの計4種類のサブ配列で構成されているが、第3の実施形態のカラー撮像素子30では基本配列パターンが2種類のサブ配列の組で構成されている。
図14は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第4の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。上記第3の実施形態の基本配列パターンP2は、互いに垂直方向に隣接するA配列27a及びB配列27bの組で構成されている。これに対して、第4の実施形態のカラー撮像素子32では、互いに水平方向に隣接する2種類のサブ配列の組で基本配列パターンが構成されている。
図16は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第5の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。上記第1の実施形態から第4の実施形態では、基本配列パターンを構成する各サブ配列(A、B、C、D配列27a~27d)が4×6画素に対応する配列パターンを有するが、第5の実施形態のカラー撮像素子34では各サブ配列が4×2画素に対応する配列パターンを有している。
図20は本発明に係る単板式のカラー撮像素子の第6の実施形態を示す図であり、特にカラー撮像素子のカラーフィルタ配列に関して示している。上記第2の実施形態から第5の実施形態の基本配列パターンを構成する各サブ配列は、M×N(M<N、かつ、ともに偶数)画素に対応する配列パターンを有しているが、第6の実施形態のカラー撮像素子36では、各サブ配列がM×N(M=N、かつ、ともに4以上の偶数)画素に対応する正方配列パターンを有している。
上記第2の実施形態から第4の実施形態では、基本配列パターンが4×6画素に対応する配列パターンを有するサブ配列により構成されているが、M×N(M<N、かつ、ともに偶数)画素に対応する配列パターン有するサブ配列により構成されていてもよい。また、上記第6の実施形態では、基本配列パターンが4×4画素に対応する配列パターンを有するサブ配列により構成されているが、M×N(M=N、かつ、ともに偶数)画素に対応する配列パターン有するサブ配列により構成されていてもよい。なお、これら各実施形態において、N(Mも同様)は10以下であることが好ましい。これはN(Mも同様)が10を超える場合(N,M>10)には、同時化等の信号処理が複雑化するのに対し、基本配列パターンのサイズを大きくすることによる格別な効果が得られないからである。
Claims (6)
- 水平方向及び垂直方向に配列された光電変換素子で構成される複数の画素上に、所定のカラーフィルタ配列のカラーフィルタが配設されてなる単板式のカラー撮像素子であって、
前記カラーフィルタ配列は、前記カラーフィルタがM×N(Mは2以上の偶数、Nは4以上の偶数)画素に対応する配列パターンで配列されてなるサブ配列を含み、かつ当該サブ配列が前記水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返して配置され、
前記カラーフィルタは、輝度信号を得るために最も寄与する第1の色に対応する第1のフィルタと、前記第1の色以外の2色以上の第2の色に対応する第2のフィルタとを含み、さらに前記第1のフィルタに対応する第1の色の画素数の比率が、前記第2のフィルタに対応する第2の色の各色の画素数の比率よりも大きくなり、
前記第1のフィルタは、前記サブ配列内に市松模様状で、かつ前記水平方向または前記垂直方向に互いに隣接する前記サブ配列の一方内での前記第1のフィルタの配置と他方内での前記第1のフィルタの配置とが鏡像関係になるように配置され、
前記第2の色の各色に対応する前記第2のフィルタは、前記カラーフィルタ配列内で前記水平方向及び垂直方向に繰り返し配置されている基本配列パターン内であって、互いに隣接しかつ前記第1のフィルタの配置が鏡像関係となる前記サブ配列の組をK個(Kは1以上の自然数)含む基本配列パターン内に、前記カラーフィルタ配列の水平、垂直方向の各ライン内に1以上配置されているカラー撮像素子。 - 前記基本配列パターンは、1個の前記組で構成されている請求項1記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記M×Nが2×4である場合に、前記基本配列パターンは、4×4画素に対応する配列パターンとなる請求項2記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記Mと前記Nとが異なる場合に、前記基本配列パターンは、前記水平方向及び前記垂直方向に互いに隣接する4つの前記サブ配列であって、かつ互いに隣接するもの同士の前記第1のフィルタの配置が鏡像関係となる4つの前記サブ配列で構成されている請求項1記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記M及びNが10以下の偶数である請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子。
- 前記第1の色は緑色(G)であり、前記第2の色は赤色(R)及び青色(B)である請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載のカラー撮像素子。
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- 2012-02-17 EP EP12749196.7A patent/EP2680590B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2680590B1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
US8711257B2 (en) | 2014-04-29 |
EP2680590A1 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
CN103380623B (zh) | 2016-09-14 |
EP2680590A4 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
CN103380623A (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
JPWO2012114994A1 (ja) | 2014-07-07 |
US20130335603A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
JP5411390B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
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