WO2012113221A1 - 动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法以及均衡系统 - Google Patents

动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法以及均衡系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012113221A1
WO2012113221A1 PCT/CN2011/079357 CN2011079357W WO2012113221A1 WO 2012113221 A1 WO2012113221 A1 WO 2012113221A1 CN 2011079357 W CN2011079357 W CN 2011079357W WO 2012113221 A1 WO2012113221 A1 WO 2012113221A1
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Prior art keywords
lithium ion
ion battery
battery pack
battery
charging
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PCT/CN2011/079357
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王明旺
李武歧
李载波
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欣旺达电子股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012113221A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012113221A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0025Sequential battery discharge in systems with a plurality of batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power battery management technologies, and in particular to an automotive lithium ion battery discharge equalization method and an equalization system.
  • Battery packs are often composed of a large number of power batteries connected in series. Although the difference between the batteries is gradually reduced as the technical process is improved, it is still difficult to ensure that the characteristics of each battery are completely uniform at the current manufacturing level. Especially under the operating conditions of the operating conditions, irregular charging and discharging are frequently performed, and the difference between the batteries deteriorates after the battery pack is operated for a while, so that the use efficiency of the battery pack is lowered and the life is reduced.
  • the equalization state is: the absolute difference between the average voltage of each single cell and the voltage of each single cell is less than a set threshold, and the set threshold may be 0.1 according to the accuracy requirement of the equalization system. V, may also be a set value for other people, such as 0.08V, 0.12V, and so on.
  • the main method for solving the inconsistency in the discharge process is to discharge the relatively high voltage single cell through the shunt resistor. This equalization method is to lower the voltage of the relatively high voltage cell and accelerate the high voltage battery. The discharge speed is such that all of the single cells reach the venting state almost simultaneously.
  • the discharge time of the battery pack is shortened because the discharge time of the equalization method is determined by the single cell having the lowest capacity.
  • the discharge resistance is fixed in size, and the discharge current is not adjustable, which may cause partial discharge or partial over-discharge, which eventually leads to poorer battery balance.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide: a power lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization method with longer discharge time and better balance effect.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide: A power lithium ion battery discharge equalization system, which is advantageous for making the power lithium ion battery pack have a longer discharge time, and the equalization effect in the discharge process is better balanced and balanced.
  • a power lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization method includes: the lithium ion battery pack includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, and the positive and negative ends of each of the single cells respectively pass through a switch circuit Cooperating electrically with the output end of the DC conversion circuit that is always flowing to the DC, the input end of the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the voltage output end of the lithium ion battery; during the discharge of the 4 ion battery pack And monitoring the residual charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack in real time.
  • the ratio of the remaining charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack to the total capacity of the lithium ion battery pack reaches a predetermined lower limit, the following steps are sequentially performed:
  • the predetermined lower limit is selected from any value between 20% and 30%.
  • the single battery that needs to be compensated for charging is determined according to a predetermined program, specifically:
  • Correction page (Article 91) Calculating and determining the average value of the current voltage measurement value according to the voltage measurement values of all the single cells,
  • the predetermined number is: an integer value of 10% of the total number of single cells.
  • a power lithium-ion battery pack discharge equalization system provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes: the power lithium-ion battery pack includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, and the equalization system includes: a plurality of lower-level machines and a plurality of switch circuits , a host computer and a DC to DC DC conversion circuit;
  • the output ends of the circuit are electrically connected in common, and the input end of the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the voltage output end of the lithium ion battery pack;
  • Each of the lower-level machines is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of each of the single cells, respectively, for collecting voltage signals of the single-cell batteries, obtaining voltage measurement values of the single-cell batteries, and each single-cell battery
  • the voltage measurement value is transmitted to the upper computer;
  • the upper computer includes: a battery remaining power detection module, a compensation rechargeable battery determination module, and a compensation charging control module, wherein the compensation charging battery determination module and each of the lower positions
  • An electromechanical connection configured to determine, according to a predetermined voltage program, a single battery that is currently required to be compensated for charging according to a predetermined procedure, wherein the remaining battery power detecting module is electrically connected to the bus bar of the lithium ion battery pack, Yu
  • Correction page (Article 91) Determining a residual charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack according to a bus voltage and a bus current, wherein the compensation charging control module and the battery group remaining power detecting module, the compensation charging battery determining module, each lower position machine, and each switching circuit are respectively powered Connecting, when the ratio of the remaining charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack to the total capacity of the ion battery pack is less than or equal to a preset lower limit.
  • the compensation charging battery determination module includes: a threshold comparison module, which is electrically connected to each of the lower computers, and is used for comparing and calculating the average value of the voltage measurement value of each single battery and the voltage measurement value.
  • the battery is: a single cell determined by the threshold comparison module and having an absolute difference greater than a predetermined threshold; a compensated rechargeable battery determination sub-module electrically connected to the sequencing sub-module for scheduling the end of the sorting queue
  • the number of single cells, as the battery cells currently required to compensate for charging, optionally, the predetermined number is: an integer value of 10% of the total number of cells.
  • the upper computer is also electrically connected to a temperature sensor.
  • a display module is further electrically connected to the upper computer.
  • each of the lower computers is a programmable logic controller or a single chip microcomputer.
  • each of the switching circuits is a field effect transistor.
  • the measure taken in the embodiment of the present invention is to start the discharge equalization measure at the end of the discharge: DC output change of the output voltage signal of the power lithium ion battery pack (ie, the bus voltage signal of the power lithium ion battery pack) The voltage is converted, so that the DC conversion circuit passes through the switch switching circuit, and is input to the single battery that needs to be compensated for charging.
  • the voltage source for providing compensation charging for the unit battery that needs to be compensated for charging is a power lithium ion battery pack (a collection of all the single cells), so the compensation charging in the embodiment of the present invention is actually one.
  • the self-transfer of energy in the power battery pack is less energy-consuming than the prior art using an additional DC power source for compensating charging.
  • each lower position machine separately collects voltage signals of the respective single cells to obtain voltage measurement values of the respective single cells, and in this embodiment, each The invention has more precise and flexible discharge balance control for lithium ion battery packs and higher efficiency.
  • each lower position machine since the entire lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization system adopts a bottom-up modular structure, for example, each lower position machine is responsible for voltage collection of each single battery, and the upper computer is responsible for the actual remaining capacity of the entire power battery. Detection and overall centralized management, the top-down layered modular setup makes lithium-ion battery pack discharge equalization system more convenient to maintain, system upgrade and compatibility.
  • the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention has lower energy consumption than the existing battery-discharge equalization method and device of the automobile battery pack, and the difference between the individual cells of the street and the battery life of the battery pack are extended. More efficient and better.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a power lithium-ion battery pack discharge equalization method in a discharge process according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a connection circuit of a power lithium ion battery pack, a switch circuit, and a DC conversion circuit according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a power lithium-ion battery pack street-street system provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the structure principle of a power lithium ion battery equalization system according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
  • the lithium ion battery pack includes a plurality of single cells connected in series, and the single cells are connected in series to provide a higher voltage for external power supply.
  • the ion battery pack can be, but is not limited to, applied to automobiles and the like.
  • the power lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization method of the embodiment is mainly applied to the difference between the individual cells when the balanced lithium ion battery pack is in a discharge state, so that the charge amount of each single cell in the discharge process is kept high. Consistency, in order to achieve the venting state of each cell in the lithium-ion battery pack.
  • each single cell The positive and negative ends of each single cell are respectively connected to a direct current through a switching circuit.
  • the output terminals of the DC-DC are electrically connected together, that is, each switch circuit is connected between each unit cell and the output terminal of the DC conversion circuit, and the single battery can be controlled by controlling the on/off of the switch circuit.
  • the input end of the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to the voltage output end of the lithium ion battery, that is, the DC conversion circuit of the embodiment mainly passes the output DC signal of the lithium ion battery through DC-DC conversion, and the output is suitable for the pair.
  • the DC voltage signal charged by the single battery is mainly passes the output DC signal of the lithium ion battery through DC-DC conversion, and the output is suitable for the pair.
  • the discharge equalization method of the embodiment mainly includes the following steps: Step 101: Monitor the residual charge amount of the lithium ion battery in real time. During the discharge of the lithium ion battery pack, the remaining charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack is periodically monitored at a predetermined frequency.
  • the determination of the amount of remaining charge of the lithium ion battery pack can be, but is not limited to, by measuring the bus voltage of the lithium ion battery and the bus current, and then determining the lithium ion by the current bus voltage U(t) and the bus current I(0, calculated.
  • Step 102 Determine whether the ratio of the remaining charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack to the total capacity of the local ion battery pack reaches a predetermined lower limit. If yes, go to step 103; otherwise, return to step 101.
  • the amount of residual charge in the embodiment of the invention may be, but is not limited to, characterized by the ratio of the amount of remaining charge relative to the nominal capacitance of the power lithium ion battery.
  • step 103 After determining the current residual charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack, determining whether the current residual charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack accounts for a predetermined lower limit of the total capacity of the lithium ion battery pack, and if yes, executing step 103, Start the compensation charging strategy. Otherwise, return to step 101 to continue the remaining battery monitoring of the lithium-ion battery pack.
  • Step 103 Collect voltage signals of the individual cells to obtain voltage measurements of the cells. The voltage signal of each of the single cells is detected on each of the unit cells by a voltage measuring module or a device with the voltage measuring module, and current voltage measurements of the respective cells are obtained.
  • modules such as a single-chip microcomputer or a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of each single cell, and the positive and negative electrodes of each single cell are collected in real time.
  • the voltage signals at both ends, and then the currently collected analog voltage signals are converted into computer-recognizable digital signals by signal processing such as amplification, digital-to-analog conversion, etc., to obtain voltage measurement values of the individual cells.
  • Step 104 According to the voltage measurement value of each single battery, determine the current battery that needs to be compensated for charging.
  • each monomer determines that the current voltage measurement value is lower (ie, the current residual charge amount of the single cell) is determined as: The current battery that needs to be compensated for charging.
  • the equalization method of the lithium ion battery pack may be used to determine which single cells should be equalized, for example, the voltage measurement values of all the single cells, and the calculation determines the current
  • the average value of the voltage measurement values is then compared and calculated to obtain an absolute difference between the voltage measurement value of each unit cell and the average value of the voltage measurement value, and the single cell in which the absolute difference value is greater than a predetermined threshold value is taken as the current A battery that needs to be balanced (requires compensation for charging).
  • the result obtained by the above threshold comparison scheme may be that the current large number of single cells are batteries that need to be balanced. If the number of cells to be balanced is large, the energy required for self-equalization in the lithium-ion battery pack is large, so that the output power of the entire lithium-ion battery pack is reduced, which is not conducive to actual promotion.
  • the inventors have developed the following method for determining the current cell to be compensated for charging, specifically: First, based on the voltage measurement values of all the cells, the average value of the current voltage measurement is determined. . For example: Currently there are 100 single cells, the current voltage measurement values of the single cells D0, D2 D99 are V0, VI, V2... V99, respectively, then calculate the average value:
  • V Ave SUM(V0:V99)/100. Then, the absolute difference between the voltage measurement values (V0, VI, V2, ..., V99) and the average value V Ave of each of the single cells is separately calculated, and the single cell whose absolute difference is greater than a predetermined threshold is used as Candidate cells to be equalized.
  • the size of the threshold may be determined according to actual conditions, such as but not limited to being determined to be 0.1V, "may also be a value set by other people, such as 0.08V, 0.12V, etc. The present inventors will The threshold is set to 0.2 V. Then, the voltage measurement values of the candidate cell to be equalized are sorted from high to low to obtain a sorting queue.
  • the voltage measurement values at the head of the queue are compared. High, the voltage measurement at the end of the sorting queue is lower, and the voltage measurement at the end of the sorting queue is lower. Finally, the voltage measurements are sorted at a predetermined number of N cells at the end of the sorting queue, as At present, it is necessary to compensate for the charging of the single battery.
  • the part of the single battery that has the lowest current voltage at the end of the sorting queue ie, the current remaining amount of charge is the lowest
  • the single cell corresponding to the trial value is used as the single cell that needs to be compensated for charging.
  • the result of the threshold comparison is further determined: the voltage measurement values of the candidate cell to be equalized are sorted from high to low, and only a predetermined number of monomers having the lowest voltage measurement value are selected.
  • the battery acts as a single battery that actually needs to be compensated for charging.
  • Premature venting results in a shorter discharge time of the overall lithium-ion battery pack; avoiding the use of excessive energy for compensating charging of the battery cells in the battery pack, resulting in insufficient output power of the entire lithium-ion battery pack, so this implementation
  • the technical solution provided by the example to determine the current battery cell to be compensated for charging is more suitable for practical implementation.
  • Step 105 Turn on a switch circuit electrically connected with the unit battery that needs to be compensated for charging, so that the output end of the DC conversion circuit is in electrical communication with the positive and negative poles of the unit battery that needs to be compensated for charging.
  • step 104 After the unit cells that need to be compensated for charging are determined in step 104, in this step, the compensation charging is started for the cells that are currently required to be compensated for charging, specifically:
  • the positive and negative poles are in electrical communication.
  • step 104 it is determined in step 104 that the single cells that need to be compensated for charging are D9, D8 D1, and DO, respectively connected to the single cells D9, D8 Dl,
  • the switching circuits between the DO and the DC conversion circuit are K 9 , ⁇ 8 ... K l, ⁇ 0, respectively.
  • the switch circuit ⁇ 9, ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0 is specifically turned on, so that the switch circuit ⁇
  • the current voltage measurement value is lower when the entire lithium ion battery pack is quickly emptied (that is, when the current remaining capacity of the entire lithium ion battery pack reaches a predetermined lower limit) (ie, the current order)
  • the battery cells with low residual charge of the body battery are compensated for charging to slow down the discharge of the charge of the cells, so that all the cells in the lithium-ion battery can reach the venting almost simultaneously. State, which in turn extends the discharge time.
  • a technical solution of applying a DC power supply to supplement the power is mainly used.
  • the resistor consumes part of the energy, and since the resistance is fixed, The charging current of the supplementary charging is not adjustable, so the battery cannot be accurately discharged.
  • the compensation may be too large and sometimes the compensation may be too small, which further exacerbates the uniformity of the lithium ion battery pack, and the existing The complexity of the compensation charging circuit in the technology is not easy to implement.
  • the DC conversion circuit can reduce the voltage across the positive and negative terminals of the lithium ion battery pack to a charging voltage that can be used to charge the current battery that needs to be compensated for charging, and the current charging to be compensated.
  • the body battery is charged to realize energy transfer, and when realized, the DC conversion circuit is electrically connected to each unit battery through a controllable switching circuit, so that accurate compensation charging of a single battery can be realized.
  • the other single cells are disconnected due to the electrically connected switching circuit, that is, they are isolated from the DC circuit, and the working state is not affected.
  • the equalization measure is started when the residual charge of the battery pack is only 20% to 30%, instead of starting the equalization measure at the beginning of the discharge, specifically, the inventor corrects the page (Details) 91)
  • the energy transfer equalization measures adopted by the present invention objectively have a certain degree of consumption in the energy transfer process. If the equalization measure is initiated at the beginning, the battery pack will continue to consume its own energy, which in turn will reduce the discharge time of the battery pack.
  • the purpose of equalization is to enable all single cells to be fully charged and fully discharged at the same time.
  • the measure taken in the embodiment of the present invention is to start the discharge equalization measure at the end of the discharge: DC-transformed the output voltage signal of the power lithium-ion battery pack (ie, the bus voltage signal of the power lithium-ion battery pack) through the DC conversion circuit The conversion is converted by the DC conversion circuit through the switch switching circuit to the single cell (currently the cell with a lower cell voltage) that is currently required to be compensated for charging, thereby charging the battery to reduce the charge of the cells.
  • the voltage source for providing compensation charging for the unit battery that needs to be compensated for charging is a power lithium ion battery pack (a collection of all the single cells), so the compensation charging in the embodiment of the present invention is actually one.
  • the self-transfer of energy in the power battery pack is less energy-consuming than the prior art using the additional DC power source for the compensation of the charging power.
  • this embodiment discloses a discharge equalization system for a power lithium ion battery pack.
  • the lithium ion battery pack includes a plurality of single cells (D0, D1 ... DN) connected in series, and the single cells (D0, D1 ... DN) are connected in series to provide a higher
  • the voltage is externally supplied, and the power lithium ion battery pack can be, but is not limited to, applied to automobiles and the like.
  • the power lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization system of the embodiment is mainly applied to the difference between the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN) when the balanced power lithium ion battery pack is in a discharge state, thereby
  • the power lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization system mainly includes: a plurality of lower position machines (J0, J1 ... JN), a plurality of switch circuits (K0, 1... ⁇ ), a host computer 300 and a DC to DC DC converter circuit S0. Among them, the number of lower computers (J0, J1... JN), and the switching circuits (K0, K1...
  • each component is electrically connected to the positive and negative poles of each of the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN), respectively. Collecting voltage signals of each of the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN), obtaining voltage measurement values of each of the single cells (DO, D1, ... DN), and each of the individual cells The voltage measurement values of ( DO, Dl ... DN) are transmitted to the upper computer 300, and each lower computer (J0, J1 ... JN) pairs the single cells (D0, D1 alone).
  • Each lower computer (J0, J1... JN) is a PLC or a single chip microcomputer.
  • Each of the switching circuits (K0, K1, ...) is electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of each of the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN) and the output of the DC conversion circuit SO.
  • the input end of the DC conversion circuit SO is electrically connected to the voltage output terminal of the lithium ion battery pack.
  • Each of the switching circuits (K0, K1, ...) can be a field effect transistor.
  • each of the lower computers (J0, J1, ... JN) can be set in each single battery (D0,
  • the upper computer 300 is mainly used as a centralized control unit of the entire lithium ion battery pack, and is mainly used for monitoring the actual remaining capacity of the power lithium ion battery pack, and is reported according to each lower position machine (J0, J1, ... JN).
  • the voltage measurement value of each single-cell lithium-ion battery is determined by the program to determine the low-voltage single-cell battery (D0, Dl ... DN) that needs to be compensated for charging, and the compensation charging strategy starts to charge the current compensation.
  • the low-voltage single cells (D0, Dl... DN) are replenished in time to achieve battery balancing
  • the upper computer 300 is a main control module including a CPU.
  • the upper computer 300 mainly includes: a battery remaining power detecting module 301, a compensated rechargeable battery determining module 302, and a compensation charging control module 303.
  • the connection relationship and working principle of each module are as follows:
  • the compensated rechargeable battery determination module 302 is electrically connected to each of the lower position machines (J0, J1, ..., JN) for measuring the voltage values of the respective battery cells (D0, D1, ... DN).
  • the predetermined procedure determines the cells (D0, D1... DN) that are currently required to compensate for charging.
  • the working principle of the compensated rechargeable battery determination module 302 can be, but is not limited to, described in step 104 of the embodiment, and details are not described herein.
  • the battery remaining power detecting module 301 is electrically connected to the bus bar of the lithium ion battery pack for determining the remaining charge amount of the lithium ion battery pack according to the bus voltage and the bus current.
  • the working principle of the battery-remaining power detecting module 301 can be, but is not limited to, shown in step 101 in Embodiment 1, and details are not described herein.
  • the positive and negative poles of (D0, D1, ... DN) are electrically connected, so that the DC conversion circuit SO compensates and charges the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN) that are currently required to be compensated for charging. Until the lithium ion battery pack is discharged.
  • the working principle of the compensation charging control module 303 can be specifically, but not limited to, the description in the steps 102 and 105 in the embodiment 1, and details are not described herein. Since the discharge time of a lithium-ion battery pack is based on the short-board effect principle of a wooden barrel (how much water a bucket can hold, it does not depend on the longest piece of wood, but on the shortest piece of wood): that is, the whole
  • the length of the discharge time of the power battery pack depends on the single cell (DO, D1...DN) that is emptied at the earliest, as long as a single cell of the entire lithium-ion battery pack (D0, D1... When DN) is vented, the entire lithium-ion battery pack stops discharging. It can be seen from the above that, with the technical solution of the embodiment, the entire lithium-ion battery pack discharge equalization system adopts a modular structure from bottom to top, and each lower position machine (J0, J1 ... JN) is responsible for each single battery. (D0,
  • the upper computer 300 is responsible for the actual remaining capacity detection of the entire power battery and the overall centralized control management.
  • the top-down hierarchical modular setting enables the lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization system maintenance. More convenient, system upgrades and compatibility are better, control is more precise and flexible, and more efficient.
  • the above-mentioned lithium ion battery pack discharge equalization system is adopted, and the lower position machine (J0, J1 ... JN), the upper computer 300, the switch circuit (K0, K1 ... KN), and the DC conversion circuit are used.
  • the discharge equalization measure can be started at the end of discharge: DC output voltage signal (ie, the bus voltage signal of the power lithium-ion battery pack) of the power lithium-ion battery pack is DC-converted by the DC conversion circuit SO, Therefore, the DC conversion circuit SO passes through the switch switching circuit, and is input to the single battery (the single cell with a lower cell voltage) of the current charging device, thereby charging compensation thereof to slow down the charge of the single cells.
  • the speed of the venting is such that all of the cells (D0, D1, ... DN) in the lithium-ion battery pack can reach the venting state almost simultaneously, thereby prolonging the discharge time.
  • the voltage source for providing compensation charging for the unit cell currently requiring compensation charging is a power lithium ion battery pack (a collection of all the single cells D0, D1 ... DN)
  • the compensation charging in the embodiment of the present invention is actually a self-transfer of energy in the power battery pack. Compared with the prior art, an additional DC power supply is used to compensate the charging, and the energy consumption in the technical solution is less.
  • Embodiment 3 Referring to FIG. 4, the power lithium ion battery discharge equalization system provided in this embodiment is different from the system shown in FIG. 3 in that:
  • the compensated rechargeable battery determination module 302 of the present embodiment includes: a threshold comparison module 405, a sequencing sub-module 401, and a compensated rechargeable battery determination sub-module 402.
  • the threshold comparison module 405 is electrically connected to each of the lower computers (J0, J1, ..., JN) for comparing and calculating the voltage measurement of each of the single cells (D0, D1, ... DN).
  • the sorting sub-module 401 is electrically connected to the threshold comparison module and each of the lower-level machines (J0, J1, ..., JN) for sorting from high to low by high To sort the voltage values of the candidate cells to be equalized to obtain a sorting queue; wherein, the candidate cells to be equalized are: a single cell determined in the threshold comparison module and having an absolute difference greater than a predetermined threshold.
  • the compensated rechargeable battery determination sub-module 402 is electrically coupled to the sequencing sub-module 401 for using a predetermined number N of cells at the end of the sorting queue as the single battery that is currently required to be compensated for charging.
  • the single-cell battery of 10% of the total number of cells of the end of the sorting queue as described in Embodiment 1 may be taken as the cell to be compensated for charging. For example, if the total number of single cells in the current battery group is 100, then the 10 cells corresponding to the voltage measurement value are used as the single cells that need to be compensated for charging.
  • step 104 of Embodiment 1 is referred to.
  • the single cells that need to be compensated for charging are D9, D8 D1, and DO, respectively connected to the single cells D9, D8 Dl,
  • the switching circuits between the DO and the DC conversion circuit are K 9 , ⁇ 8 ... K l, ⁇ 0, respectively.
  • the switch circuit ⁇ 9, ⁇ 8 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 0 is specifically turned on, so that the switch circuit ⁇
  • the DC conversion circuit converts the output signal of the lithium-ion battery pack at the input end to DC signal after DC-DC conversion.
  • the switching circuit K 9 , ⁇ 8 ... ⁇ ⁇ 0 is input to the single cells D9, D8 D1, DO, and the battery cells D9, D8 D1, DO are compensated and charged until the discharge of the entire lithium ion battery pack is completed. Using the above to sort each cell voltage value from high to low, will be at the end of the sorting queue
  • correction page (Article 91)
  • the lowest voltage ie, the lowest amount of current residual charge
  • This method is simple, accurate and easy to implement.
  • a temperature sensor 403 is further connected to the upper computer 300, and the temperature sensor 403 is sent to the temperature of the environment where the ion battery pack is placed in the upper position machine 300, so as to realize the temperature. control.
  • a display module 404 is further disposed on the upper computer 300, so that the user can view various performance parameters of the current lithium ion battery pack at any time, such as the current residual charge amount and temperature parameters. Etc., to achieve better lithium-ion battery pack control.

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Abstract

本发明属于动力电池管理技术领域,具体公开了一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法以及均衡系统。本发明是针对电池组快放空时,提供的一种实现均衡的方法以及系统。本发明在放电快结束时,即电池组剩余电荷量在20%~30%时,开始启动放电均衡措施:将电池组正负极两端的输出电压适当降低加载到少部分低压单体电池正负极两端为其补电,减缓低压电池放空的速度,使得所有单体电池几乎同时达到放空的状态,进而延长放电时间。本发明在均衡各个单体电池之间的差异、延长电池组寿命的同时,能耗更低、效率更高、效果更好。

Description

动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法以及均衡系统 技术领域 本发明属于动力电池管理技术领域, 具体涉及一种汽车锂离子电池放电 均衡方法以及均衡系统。 背景技术 为达到电动汽车等大功率设备运行时电压、 功率及能量的要求, 电池组 多由大量动力电池串接组成使用。 虽然随着技术工艺的提高, 电池之间的差 异逐渐减小, 但是, 在当前制作工艺水平下, 仍难保证每节电池特性完全一 致。 尤其是在工况运行条件下, 频繁地进行不规则的充电、 放电, 电池组工 作一段时间后电池之间的差异会恶化, 从而, 使得电池组的使用效率降低, 寿命减小。
电池之间的不一致性不可能完全消除, 尤其这种不一致性是在其生产之 初便已存在。 为了保障电池组的应用寿命, 电池管理系统就应运而生, 它主 要工作就是发现电池之间的差异并缩小, 也就是通常所称的电池均衡技术。
通常所述的均衡状态, 即是: 各个单体电池的平均电压与各个单体电池 的电压绝对差值小于设定的阈值, 根据均衡系统的精度要求不同, 所述设定 的阈值可能是 0.1V, 也可能为其他人为设定的数值, 如 0.08V、 0.12V等。 目前, 解决放电过程中的不一致性的主要方法是通过旁路电阻对电压相 对较高的单体电池放电, 此种均衡方式是将电压相对较高的单体电池电压降 低, 加快高电压电池的放电速度, 使得所有单体电池几乎同时到达放空状态。 此种方式, 不仅仅会产生电能消耗, 而且实际上是缩短了电池组的放电时间, 因为, 此种均衡方式的放电时间是由容量最低的单体电池决定。 而且, 放电 电阻大小固定, 其放电电流不可调节, 可能导致部分放的太少或部分过放的 情况发生, 最终导致电池均衡更差。
更正页 (细则第 91条) 发明内容 本发明的第一目的在于提供: 一种放电时间更长、 均衡效果更好的动力 锂离子电池组放电均衡方法。
本发明的第二目的在于提供: 一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 应 用该系统有利于使得该动力锂离子电池组的放电时间更长, 放电过程中的均 衡效果更佳均衡均衡。
本发明实施例提供的一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法, 所述锂离子 电池组包括串联在一起的复数个单体电池, 各所述单体电池的正负极两端分别通过开关电路共同与一直流到直流的 直流变换电路的输出端共同电连接, 所述直流变换电路的输入端与所述锂离 子电池组的电压输出端电连接; 在所述 4里离子电池组放电过程中, 实时监测所述锂离子电池组的剩余电 荷量二 当所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本锂离子电池组总容量的比值达到 预定的下限时, 则顺序执行以下步骤:
采集各所述单体电池的电压信号 , 获取各单体电池的电压测量值; 才 据各单体电池的电压测量值, 确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池; 接通与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路, 使所述直流 变换电路的输出端与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池的正负极电连通, 以使 所述直流变换电路对当前需补偿充电的单体电池补偿充电, 直至所述锂离子 电池组放电结束。
可选地, 所述预设的下限选自 20%至 30%之间的任一数值。 可选地, 根据各个单体电池的电压测量值, 按照预定的程序计算确定当 前需补偿充电的单体电池, 具体是:
更正页 (细则第 91条) 根据所有单体电池的电压测量值, 计算确定当前所述电压测量值的平均 值,
分别比较计算获取各单体电池的电压测量值与所述电压测量值的平均值 的绝对差值, 将所述绝对差值大于预定阈值的单体电池作为候选待均衡单体 电池, 由高到低排序所述候选待均衡单体电池的电压测量值, 得到排序队列, 将电压测量值排序在所述排序队列末端的预定数量的单体电池, 作为所 述当前需补偿充电的单体电池。 可选地, 所述预定数量为: 总单体电池数量的 10%的取整数值。 本发明实施例提供的一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 所述动力锂 离子电池组包括串联在一起的复数个单体电池, 所述均衡系统包括: 复数个下位机、 复数个开关电路、 一个上位机以及 一个直流到直流的直流变换电路;
电路的输出端共同电连接, 所述直流变换电路的输入端与所述锂离子电池组 的电压输出端电连接;
各所述下位机分别与各所述单体电池的正负极电连接, 分别用于采集各 所述单体电池的电压信号, 获取各单体电池的电压测量值, 并且将各单体电 池的电压测量值传递给所述上位机; 所述上位机包括: 电池组剩余电量探测模块、 补偿充电电池判定模块以 及补偿充电控制模块, 其中, 所述 卜偿充电电池判定模块与各所述下位机电连接, 用于根据各单体电 池的电压测量值, 按照预定的程序确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池, 所述电池组剩余电量探测模块与所述娌离子电池组的母线电连接, 用于
更正页 (细则第 91条) 根据母线电压、 母线电流, 确定所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量, 所述补偿充电控制模块与所述 池组剩余电量探测模块、 补偿充电电池 判定模块、 各下位机以及各开关电路分别电连接, 用于当所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本裡离子电池组总容量的比值 小于或等于预设的下限时 .· 启动各所述下位机、 补偿充电电池判定模块, 并 且连通当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路, 使所述直流变换电路 的输出端与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池的正负极电连通, 以使所述直流 变换电路对当前需补偿充电的单体电池补偿充电, 直至所述锂离子电池组放 电结束。 可选地, 所述预设的下限选自 20%至 30%之间的任一数值。 可选地, 所述补偿充电电池判定模块包括: 阈值比较模块, 与各所述下位机分别电连接, 用于比较计算获取各单体 电池的电压测量值与所述电压测量值的平均值的绝对差值; 排序子模块, 分 别与阈值比较模块以及各下位机电连接, 用于由高到低排序各候选待均衡单 体电池的电压值, 得到排序队列, 其中, 所述候选待均衡单体电池为: 所述阈值比较模块中确定的、 绝对 差值大于预定阔值的单体电池; 补偿充电电池判定子模块, 与所述排序子模块电连接, 用于将所述排序 队列末端的预定数量的单体电池, 作为所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池 可选地, 所述预定数量为: 总单体电池数量的 10%的取整数值。 所述上位机还电连接有一温度传感器。 可选地, 在所述上位机上还电连接有显示模块。 可选地, 各所述下位机为可编程逻辑控制器或单片机。 可选地, 各所述开关电路为场效应管。
更正页 (细则第 91条) 由上可见, 应用本发明实施例技术方案, 本发明为了达到使得动力锂离 子电池组内的所有单体电池一起放空, 从而保证整体动力锂离子电池组的均 衡性能并保证提供长时间的放电供电, 在本发明实施例采取的措施就是在放 电快结束时, 启动放电均衡措施: 通过直流变换电路将动力锂离子电池组的 输出电压信号 (即动力锂离子电池组的母线电压信号)进行直流变压转换, 从而由直流变换电路通过开关切换电路, 输入至当前需补偿充电的单体电池
(当前单体电池电压较低的单体电池), 从而为其充电补偿, 以减緩这些单体 电池电荷量放空的速度 , 以使锂离子电池组内的所有单体电池可以几乎同时 达到放空的状态, 进而延长放电时间。 并且, 在本发明均衡措施中为当前需要补偿充电的单体电池提供补偿充 电的电压来源为动力锂离子电池组(所有单体电池的集合), 故本发明实施例 中的补偿充电实际是一种动力电池组内能量的自我转移, 相对现有技术中采 用额外的直流电源进行补偿充电的均衡措施 , 采用本技术方案中耗能更少。 本发明的锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 通过复数个下位机, 各下位机分 别采集各单体电池的电压信号获取各单体电池的电压测量值, 而在本实施例中, 各因此, 本发明对锂离子电池组的放电均衡控制更加 精确灵活, 效率更高。 另外, 在本实施例中, 由于整个锂离子电池组放电均衡系统中采用由下 到上的模块化结构, 比如各下位机负责各单体电池电压采集, 上位机负责整 个动力电池的实际剩余容量检测以及整体集控管理, 该由上到下的分层模块 化设置使得锂离子电池组放电均衡系统维护更加方便, 系统的升级以及兼容 性更佳。 综上所述, 本发明实施例技术方案相对于现有的汽车理电池组放电均衡 方法与装置, 在均街各个单体电池之间的差异、 延长电池组寿命的同时, 能 耗更低、 效率更高、 效果更好。
更正页 (细则第 91条) 附图说明 此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解, 构成本申请的一部 分, 并不构成对本发明的不当限定, 在附图中:
图 1为本发明实施例 1提供的一种在放电过程中的动力锂离子电池组放 电均衡方法流程示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例 1、2中的提供的一种动力锂离子电池组与开关电路、 直流转换电路的连接电路原理示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例 2中的提供的一种动力锂离子电池组均街系统的结 构原理示意图;
图 4为本发明实施例 3 中的提供的一种动力锂离子电池组均衡系统的结 构原理示意图。 具体实施方式 下面将结合附图以及具体实施例来详细说明本发明, 在此本发明的示意 性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明, 但并不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例 1:
本实施例公开了一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法, 该锂离子电池组 包括串联在一起的复数个单体电池, 这些单体电池串联起来以提供较高的电 压对外供电, 该动力锂离子电池组可以但不限于应用于汽车等。 本实施例的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法主要应用于均衡动力锂离子 电池组处于放电状态时各单体电池之间的差异, 从而使得放电过程中各单体 电池的电荷量保持较高的一致性, 以企达到锂离子电池组内的各单体电池同 时达到放空状态。
本实施例的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法的应用实施连接电路主要如
更正页 (细则第 91条) 下:
每个单体电池正负极两端分别通过一个开关电路共同与一直流到直流
( DC-DC ) 的直流变换电路的输出端共同电连接, 即各开关电路连接在各单 体电池与直流变换电路输出端之间, 可以通过控制开关电路的通 /断而控制单 体电池与直流变换电路的通 /端。 上述的直流变换电路的输入端与锂离子电池组的电压输出端电连接, 即 本实施例的直流变换电路主要将本锂离子电池组的输出直流电信号通过 DC-DC变换, 而输出适合于对单体电池充电的直流电压信号。
参见图 1所示, 在锂离子电池组的放电过程中, 本实施例的放电均衡方 法流程主要包括以下步骤: 步骤 101: 实时监测锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量。 在锂离子电池组的放电过程中, 以预定的频率定时监测锂离子电池组的 剩余电荷量。
该锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量的确定可以但不限于通过测量该锂离子电 池组的母线电压以及母线电流, 然后通过当前的母线电压 U ( t ) 以及母线电 流 I ( 0, 计算确定锂离子电池组当前的剩余电荷量: Q ( t ) = U ( t ) * I ( t )。
步骤 102:判定该锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本娌离子电池组总容量的 比值是否达到预定的下限, 如果是, 执行步骤 103 , 否则返回步骤 101。 在本发明实施例中该剩余电荷量可以但不限于采用该剩余电荷量相对于 本动力锂离子电池组的额定电容的比例表征。
在每确定锂离子电池组当前的剩余电荷量之后, 均判定该锂离子电池组 当前的剩余电荷量占本锂离子电池组总容量的比值是否达到预定的下限, 如 果是, 则执行步骤 103, 启动补偿充电策略, 否则, 返回步骤 101, 继续进行 锂离子电池组的剩余电量监测。
更正页 (细则第 91条) 在本实施例中可以但不限于当锂离子电池组当前的剩余电荷量达到本锂 离子电池组容量的 30%时,判定当前需要执行初补偿充电策略,执行步骤 103。 需要说明的是, 经过本发明人的多次试验研究, 确定在本实施例中该预 定的下限数值还可以选取 20% ~ 30%之间的任一, 具体可以根据实际使用的 经验总结确定该下限数值。 步骤 103: 采集各单体电池的电压信号, 获取各单体电池的电压测量值。 通过电压测量模块或者带该电压测量模块的装置在各单体电池侧探测各 各单体电池的电压信号, 获取各单体电池的当前的电压测量值。 在具体实施时,可以但不限于单片机、或者可编程逻辑控制( Programmable Logic Controller, 筒称 PLC )等模块分别连接在各个单体电池的正负极两端, 实时采集各个单体电池正负极两端的电压信号, 然后将当前采集到的模拟电 压信号通过放大、 数模转换等信号处理而转换为计算机可以识别的数字信号, 得到各单体电池的电压测量值。 步骤 104: 根据各单体电池的电压测量值, 确定当前需补偿充电的单体电 池 因为单体电池当前的电压测量值反映当前单体电池当前的剩余电荷量情 况, 在本步骤中 居各单体电池的电压测量值, 将当前电压测量值较低(即 其当前的剩余电荷量较 ^的单体电池)确定为: 当前需补偿充电的单体电池。 其中, 在本实施例中可以但不限于按照现有技术的锂离子电池组的均衡 方法确定当前应该对哪些单体电池进行均衡处理, 比如: 居所有单体电池 的电压测量值, 计算确定当前所述电压测量值的平均值, 然后分别比较计算 获取各单体电池的电压测量值与所述电压测量值的平均值的绝对差值, 将其 中绝对差值大于预定阈值的单体电池作为当前需要均衡(需补偿充电)处理 的电池。 但是, 本发明人在进行本发明的研究中发现, 在本发明实施例技术方案
更正页 (细则第 91条) 中, 采用上述通过阈值比较方案往往得到的结果可能是, 当前数量较多的单 体电池为需要均衡处理的电池。 而如果需要均衡的单体电池数量较多的话, 则该锂离子电池组内的自我均衡所需的能量较多, 使得整个锂离子电池组的 输出电能变少, 不利于实际推广。 为此, 本发明人研发出以下的一种如何确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池 的判别方案, 具体是: 首先, 根据所有单体电池的电压测量值, 计算确定当前电压测量值的平 均值。 比如: 当前具有 100个单体电池, 单体电池 D0、 D2 D99当前的电 压测量值分别是 V0、 VI、 V2...... V99, 则计算平均值:
V Ave=SUM(V0:V99)/100。 然后,分别比较计算获取各单体电池的电压测量值( V0、 VI、 V2...... V99 ) 与平均值 V Ave的绝对差值, 将绝对差值大于预定阈值的单体电池作为候选待 均衡单体电池。 其中该阔值的大小可以根据实际情况确定, 比如但不限于确定为 0.1V, " 也可能为其他人为设定的数值, 如 0.08V、 0.12V等。 本发明人在本发明实施 例中将该阈值设定为 0.2V。 再然后, 将候选待均衡单体电池的电压测量值进行由高到低的排序, 得 到一排序队列。 在该排序队列中, 位于队列队首的电压测量值较高, 位于排 序队列末端的电压测量值较低, 位于排序队列最末端一位的电压测量值较低。 最后,将电压测量值排序在该排序队列末端的预定数量的 N个单体电池, 作为当前需补偿充电的单体电池。将位于排序队列尾部的当前电压量最低(即 当前剩余电荷量最低)这部分单体电池作为当前需补偿充电的单体电池。 其中, 该 N值可以但不限于设定为: 总单体电池数量的 10%池的取整数 值。 比如, 当前锂离子电池组的单体电池数量为 100时, 则总单体电池数量 的 10%池的取整数值为 100*10%=10., 即选取排序队列中的最后 10个电压测
更正页 (细则第 91条) 试值对应的单体电池作为当前需补偿充电的单体电池。 采用上述技术方案在进行阔值比较之后, 进一步对阈值比较确定的结果: 候选待均衡单体电池的电压测量值进行由高到低排序, 仅仅将其中电压测量 值最低的预定个数的单体电池作为实际当前需补偿充电的单体电池。 采用本 实施例技术方案, 一方面确保可以在锂离子电池组放电过程中利用本锂离子 电池组的输出电能对本锂离子电池组内的单体电池进行 ^卜偿充电, 以避免部 分锂离子电池过早放空而导致整体锂离子电池组的放电时间较短; 又避免使 用过多的能量进行电池组内的单体电池补偿充电而导致整个锂离子电池组的 输出电能不足的情况, 故本实施例提供的确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池的 技术方案更适合实际推广实施。
步骤 105: 接通与当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路,使直流 变换电路的输出端与当前需补偿充电的单体电池的正负极电连通。
当在步骤 104中确定了当前需补偿充电的单体电池之后, 在本步骤中对 这些当前需补偿充电的单体电池启动补偿充电, 具体是:
切换与当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路, 使这些开关电路 处于接通状态, 即使得这些开关电路一侧的直流变换电路的输出端与开关电 路另一侧的单体电池的正负极处于电连通状态。
比如在图 2所示的动力电池组中, 在步骤 104中确定的: 当前需补偿充 电的单体电池为 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO,分别点连接在单体电池 D9、 D8 Dl、
DO与直流转换电路之间的开关电路分別为 K 9、 Κ8...... K l、 Κ 0。
在本实施例中具体是切换开关电路 Κ 9、 Κ8 Κ 1、 Κ 0, 使开关电路 Κ
9、 Κ8...... Κ 1、 Κ 0处于接通状态, 此时直流转换电路将输入端的锂离子电 池组的输出电信号进行 DC-DC转换之后输出的直流信号分别通过接通的开关
更正页 (细则第 91条) 电路 K 9、 Κ8 K l、 Κ 0输入至单体电池 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO, 对单体电 池 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO进行补偿充电, 直至整个锂离子电池组放电结束。 由于锂离子电池组的放电时间依照木桶的短板效应原理(一只水桶能盛 多少水, 并不取决于最长的那块木板, 而是取决于最短的那块木板): 即整个 动力电池组的放电时间的长短取决于最早放空的单体电池, 只要整个锂离子 电池组的某单体电池放空时, 整个锂离子电池组停止放电。 而在本实施例中, 通过上述的技术方案, 在整个锂离子电池组快放空时 (即整个锂离子电池组当前剩余电量达到一预定的下限时)对当前电压测量 值较低(即当前单体电池的剩余电荷量较低) 的单体电池进行补偿充电的方 式, 以减緩这些单体电池电荷量放空的速度, 以使锂离子电池组内的所有单 体电池可以几乎同时达到放空的状态, 进而延长放电时间。 在现有技术中, 主要采用外加直流电源进行补电的技术方案, 由于外加 电源在提供电流时会发热, 且提供的直流电源流过固定电阻时, 电阻会消耗 部分能源, 且由于电阻固定, 故补充充电的电源电流不可调, 所以不能精确 对电池放电, 在进行补偿充电, 有时会补偿过大有时会补偿过少的情况, 反 而进一步加剧锂离子电池组的均街性更差, 且现有技术中的补偿充电电路结 构复杂不易于实现。
在本实施例中直流变换电路可以将锂离子电池组整体的正负极两端的电 压降低到可用于对当前需补偿充电的单体电池进行补电的充电电压, 而对当 前需补偿充电的单体电池进行充电, 实现能量的转移, 且在实现时该直流变 换电路通过可控的开关电路与各单体电池电连接, 可以实现精准地对某单体 电池的补偿充电。 且在对某单体电池补偿充电过程中, 其他单体电池由于其 所电连接的开关电路处于断开状态, 即他们与直流电路相互隔离, 工作状态 不受影响。
需要说明地是,本发明实施例之所以在电池组剩余电荷量只有 20% ~ 30% 时启动均衡措施, 而不是在放电一开始就启动均衡措施, 具体是本发明人在 更正页 (细则第 91条) 进行本发明的长期试验过程中发现: 本发明采取的能量转移均衡措施, 在能 量转移过程中客观上也存在一定程度上的消耗。 如果一开始就启动均衡措施, 将使得电池组不断消耗自身能量, 反而降低了电池组的放电时间。 而且, 均 衡的目的就是使得所有单体电池能够同时满充、 满放, 那么在放电后期采取 均衡措施, 不仅仅可以实现均衡目的, 而且可以使得用于自身均衡所消耗的 能量更少, 从而延长放电时间。 综上, 应用本发明实施例技术方案, 本发明为了达到使得动力锂离子电 池组内的所有单体电池一起放空, 从而保证整体动力锂离子电池组的均衡性 能并保证提供长时间的放电供电, 在本发明实施例采取的措施就是在放电快 结束时, 启动放电均衡措施: 通过直流变换电路将动力锂离子电池组的输出 电压信号(即动力锂离子电池组的母线电压信号)进行直流变压转换, 从而 由直流变换电路通过开关切换电路, 输入至当前需补偿充电的单体电池(当 前单体电池电压较低的单体电池), 从而为其充电补偿, 以减缓这些单体电池 电荷量放空的速度, 以使锂离子电池组内的所有单体电池可以几乎同时达到 放空的状态, 进而延长放电时间。 并且, 在本发明均衡措施中为当前需要补偿充电的单体电池提供补偿充 电的电压来源为动力锂离子电池组(所有单体电池的集合), 故本发明实施例 中的补偿充电实际是一种动力电池组内能量的自我转移, 相对现有技术中采 用额外的直流电源进行 卜偿充电的均衡措施, 采用本技术方案中耗能更少。 实施例 2:
如图 2所示, 本实施例公开了一种动力锂离子电池组的放电均衡系统。 该锂离子电池组包括串联在一起的复数个单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN), 这些单 体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)串联起来以提供较高的电压对外供电, 该动力锂离子 电池组可以但不限于应用于汽车等。 本实施例的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统主要应用于均衡动力锂离子 电池组处于放电状态时各单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)之间的差异, 从而使得放
更正页 (细则第 91条) 电过程中各单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)的电荷量保持较高的一致性, 以企达到 锂离子电池组内的各单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)同时达到放空状态。 本实施例提供的一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 主要包括: 复数 个下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)、 复数个开关电路(K0、 1...... ΚΝ)、 一个上位机 300 以及一个直流到直流的直流变换电路 S0。 其中下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)、 以及 开关电路(K0、 K1...... ΚΝ)的数量与单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)的数量一致。 各部件的连接关系主要如下: 各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)分别与各单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)的正负极电 连接, 分別用于采集各单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)的电压信号, 获取各单体电 池( DO、 Dl ...... DN)的电压测量值, 并且将各单体电池( DO、 Dl ...... DN)的电 压测量值传递给上位机 300,各下位机( J0、 J1...... JN)对单体电池( D0、D1...... DN) 电压信号的采集可以但不限于参见实施例 1中的步骤 103所示, 在此不作赘 述。 各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)为 PLC或单片机。 各所述开关电路( K0、 K1...... ΚΝ)分别电连接在各单体电池( D0、 Dl ...... DN) 的正负极与直流变换电路 SO的输出端之间, 该直流变换电路 SO的输入端与 所述锂离子电池组的电压输出端电连接。 各开关电路(K0、 K1...... ΚΝ)可为场 效应管。 在具体实施时可以将各下位机( J0、 J1...... JN)分别设置在各单体电池( D0、
Dl ...... DN)处, 避免长线走线带来的测量误差导致均衡精度不够, 这样测量得 到的各单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN)的电压参数精度更高, 故后续根据这些电压 参数执行的均衡方案的精度相应也更高, 更符合实际需求。 上位机 300主要是作为整个锂离子电池组集控的上位机 300主要用于监 控动力锂离子电池组的实际剩余容量, 并且, 根据各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN) 上报的各单体锂离子电池的电压测量值, 通过程序计算, 确定当前需补偿充 电的低压单体电池(D0、 Dl ...... DN), 以及 居补偿充电策略启动对当前需补 偿充电的低压单体电池(D0、 Dl…… DN)进行及时补电, 进而实现电池均衡目
更正页 (细则第 91条) 的。 其中上位机 300为一包含有 CPU的主控模块。
上位机 300主要包括: 电池组剩余电量探测模块 301、补偿充电电池判定 模块 302以及补偿充电控制模块 303。其中各模块的连接关系以及工作原理如 下:
补偿充电电池判定模块 302与各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)电连接, 用于根据 各单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)的电压测量值, 按照预定的程序确定当前需补偿 充电的单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)。 补偿充电电池判定模块 302的工作原理可 以但不限于参见实施例步骤 104所述, 在此不作赘述。 电池组剩余电量探测模块 301与锂离子电池组的母线电连接, 用于根据 母线电压、 母线电流, 确定所述锂离子电池組的剩余电荷量。 电池组剩余电 量探测模块 301的工作原理可以但不限于参见实施例 1中的步骤 101所示, 在此不作赘述。 补偿充电控制模块 303与电池组剩余电量探测模块 301、补偿充电电池判 定模块 302、 各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)以及各开关电路(K0、 K1...... ΚΝ)分别 电连接, 用于当锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本锂离子电池组总容量的比值 小于或等于预设的下限(该预设的下限可以但不限于选自 20%至 30%之间的 任一数值) 时, 启动各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)、 补偿充电电池判定模块 302, 并且连通当前需补偿充电的单体电池(D0、D1...... DN)电连接的开关电路(K0、
K1...... ΚΝ), 使直流变换电路 SO的输出端与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池
( D0、 D1...... DN)的正负极电连通, 以使所述直流变换电路 SO对当前需补偿 充电的单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)补偿充电,直至所述锂离子电池组放电结束。 补偿充电控制模块 303的工作原理具体可以但不限于参见实施例 1中的 步骤 102、 105中的描述, 在此不作赘述。 由于锂离子电池组的放电时间依照木桶的短板效应原理(一只水桶能盛 多少水, 并不取决于最长的那块木板, 而是取决于最短的那块木板): 即整个
更正页 (细则第 91条) 动力电池组的放电时间的长短取决于最早放空的单体电池( DO、 D1...... DN), 只要整个锂离子电池组的某单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)放空时, 整个锂离子电 池组停止放电。 由上可见, 采用本实施例技术方案, 整个锂离子电池组放电均衡系统中 采用由下到上的模块化结构, 各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)负责各单体电池(D0、
D1...... DN)电压采集, 上位机 300负责整个动力电池的实际剩余容量检测以及 整体集控管理, 该由上到下的分层模块化设置使得锂离子电池组放电均衡系 统维护更加方便, 系统的升级以及兼容性更佳, 控制更加精确灵活, 效率更 高。
采用上述的锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 通过下位机(J0、 J1...... JN), 上 位机 300、. 开关电路(K0、 K1......KN)以及直流变换电路 SO的配合, 从而可 以在放电快结束时, 启动放电均衡措施: 通过直流变换电路 SO将动力锂离子 电池组的输出电压信号 (即动力锂离子电池组的母线电压信号)进行直流变 压转换, 从而由直流变换电路 SO通过开关切换电路, 输入至当前需补偿充电 的单体电池(当前单体电池电压较低的单体电池), 从而为其充电补偿, 以减 緩这些单体电池电荷量放空的速度, 以使锂离子电池组内的所有单体电池 ( D0、 D1...... DN)可以几乎同时达到放空的状态, 进而延长放电时间。 并且, 在本发明均衡措施中为当前需要补偿充电的单体电池提供补偿充 电的电压来源为动力锂离子电池组(所有单体电池 D0、 D1...... DN)的集合), 故本发明实施例中的补偿充电实际是一种动力电池组内能量的自我转移, 相 对现有技术中采用额外的直流电源进行补偿充电的均衡措施, 采用本技术方 案中耗能更少。 实施例 3: 参见图 4所示, 本实施例提供的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统与图 3 所示系统所不同之处在于:
更正页 (细则第 91条) 本实施例的补偿充电电池判定模块 302包括: 阈值比较模块 405、排序子 模块 401、 补偿充电电池判定子模块 402。 阈值比较模块 405, 与各下位机(J0、 J1...... JN)分别电连接, 用于比较计 算获取各单体电池(D0、 D1...... DN)池的电压测量值与电压测量值的平均值的 绝对差值; 排序子模块 401分别与阈值比较模块以及各下位机( J0、 J1...... JN)电连接, 用于由高到低排序由高到低排序各候选待均衡单体电池的电压值, 得到排序 队列; 其中, 候选待均衡单体电池为: 阈值比较模块中确定的、 绝对差值大 于预定阈值的单体电池。
补偿充电电池判定子模块 402与排序子模块 401电连接, 用于将排序队 列末端的预定数量 N的单体电池, 作为所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池。
可以但不限于如实施例 1中所述该将排序队列末端的总单体电池数量的 10%的取整数值个数的单体电池作为当前需补偿充电的单体电池。比如当前电 池组内单体电池总数量为 100时, 则将 10个电压测量值对应的额单体电池作 为当前需补偿充电的单体电池。
具体可以但不限于参考实施例 1中步骤 104中的相应描述。 比如在图 2所示的动力电池组中, 在步骤 104中确定的: 当前需补偿充 电的单体电池为 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO,分别点连接在单体电池 D9、 D8 Dl、
DO与直流转换电路之间的开关电路分别为 K 9、 Κ8...... K l、 Κ 0。
在本实施例中具体是切换开关电路 Κ 9、 Κ8 Κ 1、 Κ 0, 使开关电路 Κ
9、 8...... Κ 1、 Κ 0处于接通状态, 此时直流转换电路将输入端的锂离子电 池组的输出电信号进行 DC-DC转换之后输出的直流信号分别通过接通的开关 电路 K 9、 Κ8......Κ Κ 0输入至单体电池 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO, 对单体电 池 D9、 D8 Dl、 DO进行补偿充电, 直至整个锂离子电池组放电结束。 采用上述的将各单体电压值由高到低排序, 将位于排序队列尾部的当前
更正页 (细则第 91条) 电压量最低(即当前剩余电荷量最低)这部分单体电池作为当前需补偿充电 的单体电池。 釆用该方法简便、 准确且易于实现。 如图 4所示, 为了进一步管控电池组的温度, 在上位机 300端还连接有 一温度传感器 403,该温度传感器 403向上位机 300 艮送 4里离子电池组所在环 境的温度参见, 以便实现温度控制。
如图 4所示, 为了方便上位机 300监控管理, 在上位机 300上还设置有 一显示模块 404, 以便用户随时查看当前锂离子电池组的各项性能参数, 比如 当前的剩余电荷量、 温度参数等等, 以实现更好的锂离子电池组控制。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍, 本文中应用了 明只适用于帮助理解本发明实施例的原理; 同时, 对于本领域的一般技术人 员, 依据本发明实施例, 在具体实施方式以及应用范围上均会有改变之处, 综上所述, 本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。
更正页 (细则第 91条)

Claims

1、 一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法, 所述锂离子电池组包括串联在 一起的复数个单体电池, 其特征在于:
直流变换电路的输出端共同电连接, 所述直流变换电路的输入端与所述锂离 子电池组的电压输出端电连接; 在所述锂离子电池组放电过程中, 实时监测所述锂离子电池组的剩余电 荷量:
当所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本锂离子电池组总容量的比值达到 预定的下限时, 则顺序执行以下步骤: 采集各所述单体电池的电压信号, 获取各单体电池的电压测量值; · 根据各单体电池的电压测量值, 确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池; 接通与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路, 使所述直流 变换电路的输出端与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池的正负极电连通, 以使 所述直流变换电路对当前需补偿充电的单体电池补偿充电, 直至所述锂离子 电池组放电结束。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法,其特征在于: 所述预设的下限选自 20%至 30%之间的任一数值。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法, 其特征 在于:
根据各个单体电池的电压测量值, 按照预定的程序计算确定当前需补偿 充电的单体电池, 具体是: 根据所有单体电池的电压测量值, 计算确定当前所述电压测量值的平均 值,
分别比较计算获取各单体电池的电压测量值与所述电压测量值的平均值
更正页 (细则第 91条) 的绝对差值, 将所述绝对差值大于预定阈值的单体电池作为候选待均衡单体 电池,
由高到低排序所述候选待均衡单体电池的电压测量值, 得到排序队列, 将电压测量值排序在所述排序队列末端的预定数量的单体电池, 作为所 述当前需补偿充电的单体电池。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡方法, 其特征 在于:
所述预定数量为: 总单体电池数量的 10%的取整数值。
5、 一种动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 所述动力锂离子电池组包括串 联在一起的复数个单体电池, 其特征在于:
所述均衡系统包括: 复数个下位机、 复数个开关电路、 一个上位机以及 一个直流到直流的直流变换电路;
电路的输出端共同电连接, 所述直流变换电路的输入端与所述锂离子电池组 的电压输出端电连接;
各所述下位机分别与各所述单体电池的正负极电连接, 分别用于采集各 所述单体电池的电压信号, 获取各单体电池的电压测量值, 并且将各单体电 池的电压测量值传递给所述上位机;
所述上位机包括: 电池组剩余电量探测模块、 补偿充电电池判定模块以 及补偿充电控制模块, 其中,
所述补偿充电电池判定模块与各所述下位机电连接, 用于根据各单体电 池的电压测量值, 按照预定的程序确定当前需补偿充电的单体电池,
所述电池组剩余电量探测模块与所述锂离子电池组的母线电连接, 用于 根据母线电压、 母线电流, 确定所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量,
更正页 (细则第 91条) 所述补偿充电控制模块与所述电池组剩余电量探测模块、 补偿充电电池 判定模块、 各下位机以及各开关电路分别电连接, 用于当所述锂离子电池组的剩余电荷量占本锂离子电池组总容量的比值 小于或等于预设的下限时: 启动各所述下位机、 补偿充电电池判定模块, 并 且连通当前需补偿充电的单体电池电连接的开关电路, 使所述直流变换电路 的输出端与所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池的正负极电连通, 以使所述直流 变换电路对当前需补偿充电的单体电池补偿充电, 直至所述锂离子电池组放 电结束。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统,其特征在于: 所述预设的下限选自 20%至 30%之间的任一数值。
7、 根据权利要求 5或 6所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 其特征 在于:
所述补偿充电电池判定模块包括: 阈值比较模块, 与各所述下位机分别电连接, 用于比较计算获取各单体 电池的电压测量值与所述电压测量值的平均值的绝对差值; 排序子模块, 分 别与阈值比较模块以及各下位机电连接, 用于由高到低排序各候选待均衡单 体电池的电压值, 得到排序队列, 其中, 所述候选待均衡单体电池为: 所述阈值比较模块中确定的、 绝对 差值大于预定阈值的单体电池; 补偿充电电池判定子模块, 与所述排序子模块电连接, 用于将所述排序 队列末端的预定数量的单体电池, 作为所述当前需补偿充电的单体电池
8、根据权利要求 7所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统,其特征在于: 所述预定数量为: 总单体电池数量的 10%的取整数值。
9、 根据权利要求 5至 8之任一所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统,
更正页 (细则第 91条)
权 利 要 求 书 其特征在于: 所述上位机还电连接有一温度传感器。
10、 根据权利要求 5至 8之任一所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 其特征在于: 在所述上位机上还电连接有显示模块。
11、 根据权利要求 5至 8之任一所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统 , 其特征在于: 各所述下位机为可编程逻辑控制器或单片机。
12、 根据权利要求 5至 8之任一所述的动力锂离子电池组放电均衡系统, 其特征在于: 各所述开关电路为场效应管。
更正页 (细则第 91条)
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