WO2012103895A1 - Construction system comprising panels having a spatial structure - Google Patents

Construction system comprising panels having a spatial structure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012103895A1
WO2012103895A1 PCT/EC2012/000017 EC2012000017W WO2012103895A1 WO 2012103895 A1 WO2012103895 A1 WO 2012103895A1 EC 2012000017 W EC2012000017 W EC 2012000017W WO 2012103895 A1 WO2012103895 A1 WO 2012103895A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sides
modular unit
construction system
panels
straight
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EC2012/000017
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Edmundo CARVAJAL ROUSSEAU
Original Assignee
Carvajal Rousseau Edmundo
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carvajal Rousseau Edmundo filed Critical Carvajal Rousseau Edmundo
Publication of WO2012103895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012103895A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/044—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
    • E04B1/161—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with vertical and horizontal slabs, both being partially cast in situ
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
    • E04B5/328—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements the filling elements being spherical
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/847—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising an insulating foam panel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building construction system that starts from separate pieces.
  • the invention relates to a construction system based on the use of prefabricated panels of spatial structure of easy assembly and improved stability, which allow to assemble a house in the place where it is desired.
  • Prefabricated concrete construction systems are based on the prefabrication of concrete elements in specialized factories and their transportation after work, where these elements are assembled using heavy machinery. They are fast, safe, high-quality systems although expensive and very limited due to the necessary transportation and high technology, which is why it is not used massively even in countries with little development.
  • prefabricated systems based on light elements are disclosed in US 5,970,672 of Amisk Technologies Inc .; JP58123975 from Taisei Corporation, GB1002957 from Spiti AVEE; GB 2,286,209 by Christopher Thomas Robinson and JP 2000336813 from Kajima Corporation. These construction systems keep the technical problem that arises when trying to assemble the different prefabricated parts, in consideration of their great weight and volume. In the local market there are also several construction systems that use panels that are coated with concrete. These systems are:
  • Tecnopanel is a system with modular panels that is formed by a three-dimensional steel wire structure and inside it has a polystyrene foam panel with a wave surface.
  • the panel comes in dimensions of 120cm x 240cm, which is presented more as a building material than as a kit to build houses.
  • This system has 3 main limitations. First of all you have to cut the panels to adapt the construction designs, and the waste is assumed by the builder. Secondly, the concrete coating that is applied on its surface is held only in the wire since the polystyrene foam does not have good adhesion with the concrete. Finally, the connection between the panels must be done by fastening them with wire or staples without rods, which gives it little resistance to the construction that results from its assembly. More information regarding this system can be found at the following link: www.tecnopanel.com.
  • the Hormi2 and Covintec systems are two systems very similar to Tecnopanel with the same deficiencies indicated above.
  • the sites where information on these systems is found are www.mutualistapichincha.com and www.covintec.com
  • the third system known in the local market is the so-called Walltech, which is formed by a three-dimensional steel structure lined with chicken coop without internal polystyrene. This structure has many difficulties to perform the concrete plaster, since the holes in the mesh are large and when applied on its surface it lets it pass inside producing a waste of material and unnecessary overweight.
  • the invention proposes a new construction system consisting of modular units that form, by joining, metal spatial structure panels which have lacerated trusses (which form loops) with an improved design that provides them with better strength and facilitates assembly. These assembled panels are covered with cement mortar, constituting panels of walls or slabs of different sizes that can be coupled "in situ".
  • the claimed construction system comprises the following components:
  • a truss (1) consisting of three basic pieces: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming loops external (6), and joining said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
  • This lacerated truss (1) for forming external "ties” (6) at its points of contact with the sides (2,3) of the zigzag-shaped rod (4) that joins them, has been called “lacerated” , to distinguish this novel technical feature with respect to the prior art;
  • a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (10); Y - one or more lintels (14) and antipechos (15).
  • the nervometal (1) of the modular unit of the invention is a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in detail 7a of Figure 7.
  • the nervometal also has ribs all along its surface, which give it rigidity in one direction.
  • the metallic spatial structure (9) can be made of any metal that is resistant and has some flexibility.
  • metals that can be used are steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium, or alloys thereof, the steel being preferably used.
  • the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the lacerated truss (1) of the proposed construction system have a preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
  • the zigzag-shaped rod (4) at the intersection with each side of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1), protrudes to form external loops (6 ) which are attached to said sides of the straight rod by means of two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
  • the transverse rods (7) in the new design of the lacerated truss (1), can pass alternately, crossing more than one truss and joining them by a welding point (8). Since these transverse rods (7) protrude from the sides of the straight rod (2,3) by crossing the loops (6) thereof by projections (16), they can be folded into the interior of the panel, thus facilitating anchoring of a panel with the adjoining one.
  • the assembly of the panels can be done continuously horizontally, thus forming a system of complete slabs that can reach up to twelve meters long. Similarly, the panels can be assembled continuously vertically, obtaining a complete wall system that can be up to twelve meters long and six meters high. Both the complete slab system and the complete wall system, once assembled, are coated or plastered with cement mortar, similar to that used for cement block wall coverings.
  • the filler material (10) and the ribbing () that covers it can be in the form of a plate or in a cylindrical form.
  • the nervometal (11) is in the form of an iron, it has a double longitudinal rib (17) located in the center of the plate, so that when it is cut into two identical longitudinal pieces, it allows the ends of the sides to have each a final reinforcing rib,
  • This rib (11), in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of expanded steel, and even more preferably of galvanized expanded steel.
  • the material that serves as a filler (10) to the spatial structure (9) can be any solid material that serves this purpose, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice, among others.
  • the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
  • the invention also relates to the modular unit that forms the basis of the claimed construction system, which comprises the following elements: - a truss (1) consisting of three basic parts: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a rod Zigzag-shaped (4) between them, protruding the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming external loops (6), and joining said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) on each intersection site.
  • a truss (1) consisting of three basic parts: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a rod Zigzag-shaped (4) between them, protruding the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming external loops (6), and joining said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) on each intersection site.
  • This lacerated truss (1) for forming external "ties” (6) at its points of contact with the sides (2,3) of the zigzag-shaped rod (4) that joins them, has been called “lacerated” , to distinguish this novel technical feature with respect to the prior art; - a plurality of straight transverse rods (7) parallel to each other, which cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), and which are fixed to the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1) by means of a welding point (8), creating a metallic spatial structure (9);
  • a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (10);
  • the nervometal (11) of the modular unit of the invention is a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in detail 7A of Figure 7.
  • the metal spatial structure (9) can be made of any metal that is strong and flexible.
  • metals that can be used are steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium, or alloys thereof, the steel being preferably used.
  • the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the lacerated truss (1) of the proposed modular unit have a preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
  • the zigzag-shaped rod (4) at the intersection with each side of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1), protrudes to form external loops (6 ) which are attached to said sides of the straight rod by means of two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
  • the transverse rods (7) in the new design of the lacerated truss (1), can pass alternately, crossing more than one truss and joining them by a welding point (8), thus contributing to the assembly of the panels.
  • transverse rods (7) protrude from the sides of the straight rod (2,3) when crossing the loops (6) of the same one by means of projections (16), can be folded towards the interior of the same, thus facilitating the anchorage of a modular unit with the adjoining one.
  • the filling material (10) and the ribbing (11) that covers it can be in the form of a plate or in a cylindrical form.
  • the nervometal (11) is in the form of an iron, it has a double longitudinal rib (17) located in the center of the plate, so that when it is cut into two identical longitudinal pieces, it allows the ends of the sides to have each a final rib of reinforcement.
  • This nervometal (11), in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of expanded steel, and even more preferably of galvanized expanded steel.
  • the material that serves as a filler (10) to the spatial structure (9) can be any solid material that serves this purpose, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice, among others.
  • the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
  • Another object of the invention is also the lacerated truss (1) that forms the modular unit of the invention, thus defined because it comprises external loops (6), comprising three basic parts: the two sides of straight rod (2,3) and the zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes to said sides of straight rod (2,3) formed external loops (6), and which is attached to these by two welding points (5) at each site of intersection.
  • Figure 1 Shows the lacerated truss of the invention (1) and its constituent parts separately: two straight rod sides (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) protruding to the sides (2,3) by an outer loop (6), which is fixed to each side by two welding points (5).
  • Figure 2 Shows a spatial view of a modular unit of the invention, where the lacerated truss (1) connected with the transverse rods (7) and the projections (16) thereof, which allow the anchorage of a modular unit are observed with another forming the spatial structure (9) and constituting the panels of the invention through its assembly.
  • Figure 3 It is an extension of the contact of the lacerated truss (1) and the transverse rods (7), where the detail of the union between them is observed: the union of the zigzag rod (4) to the two sides of the rod straight (2,3) by means of two welding points (5) and the union of the transverse rods (7) crossing the external ties (6) of the zigzag rod (4) by means of a welding point (8).
  • Figure 4 Shows different alternatives of the flat forms, both of the filler material (10) and of the nervometal (11) that covers it.
  • Figure 5 Shows a spatial representation of the panels of the invention, of one (a) and two (b) modular units to form panels of walls and slabs.
  • the straight transverse rods (7), with diameters between 4 and 6 mm, and with projections (16), allow the joining of the trusses (1), facilitating the coupling and anchoring of the panels, both in walls and in slabs.
  • Figure 6 Shows the spatial structure (9) that makes up the modular unit of the invention, in which the filling material (10) covered by the nerometal (11) is included inside. Since the rods (7) protrude from the truss (1) by the projections (16), it is possible to attach a panel with another adjoining vertically, producing a rigid joint that is sealed by bending the projection (16) of the rod (7) into the panel after coupling.
  • This figure also shows the space in which the trusses (1) protrude to the filling material (10) and the nervometal (11) in the panels, in an extension between 10 to 20 cm, a space that also allows the coupling of the horizontal panels.
  • Figure 7 Graphically depicts the nervometal (11) of the constructive system of the invention, which is nothing more than a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in the detail 7a.
  • This nervometal also has ribs (13) all along its surface that give it a stiffness in one direction, and is designed with a double longitudinal rib (17) in the center of the sheet so that when the cut occurs in two longitudinal pieces to cover the filler material, the ends of the sides always remain with a final rib of reinforcement.
  • a) It shows the schematic representation of a union of three corner panels, where the transverse rods (7) that serve as a structure to join the trusses (1) are observed.
  • the filler material (10) in the form of an iron is also observed, which is coated with the nervometal also in the form of an iron (1).
  • Figure 10 a) It shows the schematic representation of a union of four corner panels, where the transverse rods (7) that serve as a structure to join the trusses (1) are observed.
  • the filler material (10) in the form of an iron is also observed, which is coated with the nerometal also in the form of an iron (11).
  • the filling material (10) in the form of a cylinder is included, covered by a nerve-shaped (11) in the form of a cylinder as well.
  • Figure 11 Shows the graphic representation of two modular units for the formation of slab panels. In Figure 11a these two separate units are observed, and in Figure 11b it is observed how the coupling between these two units constitutes a panel.
  • Figure 12 Shows a graphic representation of the union of wall panels and finished roof slab, with the concrete plaster.
  • Figure 13 Shows a graphic representation of the union of wall panels, mezzanine slab and finished roof, with the concrete plaster.
  • Figure 14 It is a graphic representation of the construction system of the invention, where all the parts of a house that can be constructed with the panels object of protection are shown.
  • the house represented has dimensions of 50 m 2 , and has been designed with two floors.
  • a) It shows a graphic representation of a lintel (14) and its front, side and top views, which has a zigzag-shaped reinforcing rod (4) in said front and side parts, to be able to support the lateral loads that he relapses, to be able to transmit them to the adjacent panels.
  • b) It shows a graphic representation of a sill (15) with a zigzag-shaped reinforcing rod (4) on its side to be able to withstand the lateral loads and transmit them to the sides of the adjacent panels.
  • the invention consists in an improvement of the design of the lacerated truss (1) that forms the structural base of the modular units of the invention and of the panels formed by them.
  • the zigzag-shaped rod (4) is mounted twice on each of the straight rods that form the sides (2,3), which allows welding the zigzag at two points at each turn, as shown in Figure 3. This gives more strength and security to the truss, and consequently, to the modular unit and the panel.
  • the spatial structure (9) is formed, which allows them to be assembled directly in the work where they are to be installed.
  • the transverse rods (7) that are used to form the panel are straight for straight or curved walls for curved walls of different diameters, and in this variant they do not need any kind of bending.
  • the connecting rods are straight and can join several trusses at the same time, facilitating the assembly of walls or slabs of any dimension.
  • the nervometal (11) is designed with a double longitudinal rib (17) in the center of the sheet ( Figure 7) so that when cutting in two longitudinal pieces, the ends of the sides always have a final rib of reinforcement.
  • the division into two longitudinal pieces is intended to create two ribs (11) to line the front and back sides of the expanded polystyrene sheet that serves as filler material (10) in the spatial structure (9) of the panel.
  • Example 1 Union of two or more panels in line.
  • the modular units of the invention Since one of the most important technical characteristics of the modular units of the invention is that they have transverse rods (7) protruding from the lacerated truss (1) in order to allow the joining of two or more units to form panels, according to shown in Figure 1 1, to assemble the panels they are joined by alternating the rods (7), and then they are folded into the panels in order to anchor one panel with another, anchor that is more than sufficient to hold them and prevent any unwanted movement between them.
  • the panels are plastered with concrete mortar, the wall or slab being ready for use, as desired.
  • the process of plastering or coating the panels is carried out, throwing a mixture known in the art as mortar or concrete shavings on the panels, which is composed of one part of cement and 3 parts of coarse sand up to 3mm thick and two parts of fine sand up to 1mm thick.
  • This proportion of the mixture may vary depending on whether it is desired that the coating be more rigid (4 parts of sand and one of cement) or less rigid (7 parts of sand and one of cement).
  • the mixture may also include additives for faster drying, to waterproof the surface, etc.
  • filler material (10) is introduced, in this case a cylinder-shaped polystyrene, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder (11) in the space between the two trusses at the end of the panel, and then the rods of the second panel are introduced at 90 degrees, whereby the panels are anchored, forming the corner ( Figure 8a).
  • the panels are covered with concrete putty, the double corner wall being ready ( Figure 8b).
  • the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder (11), reinforcing the interior of the same with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
  • Example 3 Union of three panels in double corner of 90 degrees.
  • filler material (10) is introduced in this case cylinder-shaped polystyrene, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder ( 11), in the space that remains between the two trusses (1) of the end of the panel, and then the rods of the second and third panels are introduced at 90 degrees, with which the panels are anchored together, forming a double corner as It is seen in Figure 9a.
  • the panels are plastered with a concrete putty, the triple corner wall being ready ( Figure 9b). If further reinforcement is required, the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder (11), reinforcing the interior with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
  • filler material (10) is introduced in this case polystyrene in the form of a cylinder, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder ( 11) in the space between the two trusses at the end of the panel and then the rods of the second and third and fourth panels are introduced at 90 degrees, whereby the panels are anchored and the quadruple corner is formed (Figure 10a).
  • the corners Once the corners have been formed with the panels, they are covered with concrete putty, the quadruple corner wall being ready ( Figure 10b).
  • the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder, (11) reinforcing the interior with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
  • Example 5 Anchorage of the panels to the floor.
  • the trusses protrude in the panels in an extension that fluctuates from 10 to 20 cm, as can also be seen in the Figure 6
  • the panels of walls and slabs have sections of trusses (1) and rods (7) protruding from them, this is allowed to facilitate assembly, since when the slabs are assembled on the walls, they serve as support points and union (Figure 6).
  • Example 7 Construction of a house.
  • Example 8 House kits.
  • the general concept of the system is to facilitate the construction of houses at the construction site, offering the complete kit to assemble pre-established models of houses with all their structural and filling elements, thus facilitating work, reducing construction time and construction. Costs in a meaningful way.
  • the panels of the invention can be sold as constituent parts of a dwelling in the form of kits, which are transported to the construction site and assembled following the previously provided description.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel construction system formed by modular units that are joined to form panels having a metal spatial structure, said units including trusses with an improved design, which trusses form loops and provide increased strength and facilitate assembly. The assembled panels are covered with cement mortar, forming flooring or wall panels of different sizes that can be coupled together in situ.

Description

SISTEMA CONSTRUCTIVO DE PANELES DE ESTRUCTURA ESPACIAL  CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF SPACE STRUCTURE PANELS
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La invención se relaciona con un sistema constructivo de edificaciones que parte de piezas separadas. En particular la invención se refiere a un sistema constructivo basado en el uso de paneles prefabricados de estructura espacial de fácil ensamblaje y estabilidad mejorada, que permiten armar una vivienda en el lugar donde se desea.  The invention relates to a building construction system that starts from separate pieces. In particular, the invention relates to a construction system based on the use of prefabricated panels of spatial structure of easy assembly and improved stability, which allow to assemble a house in the place where it is desired.
Antecedentes de la Invención  Background of the Invention
Los sistemas de construcciones prefabricadas de hormigón se basan en la prefabricación de elementos de hormigón en fabricas especializadas y su transportación posterior a la obra, donde estos elementos se ensamblan utilizando maquinaria pesada. Son sistemas rápidos, seguros, de alta calidad aunque costosos y muy limitados por el transporte necesario y por su alta tecnología, razón por la cual no se utiliza de forma masiva aún en los países con poco desarrollo. Prefabricated concrete construction systems are based on the prefabrication of concrete elements in specialized factories and their transportation after work, where these elements are assembled using heavy machinery. They are fast, safe, high-quality systems although expensive and very limited due to the necessary transportation and high technology, which is why it is not used massively even in countries with little development.
Sistemas más avanzados con respecto a los anteriores son las construcciones con prefabricación de paneles o elementos estructurales livianos, los cuales se ensamblan en la obra y luego se rellenan o revisten de morteros u hormigones. Este tipo de construcción resume las ventajas de sus antecesores, entre ellas presentan alta resistencia a los sismos, huracanes, tornados y fuego, se construyen rápidamente con precios razonables, se facilita la transportación y se utiliza mano de obra poco especializada.  More advanced systems with respect to the previous ones are the constructions with prefabrication of panels or lightweight structural elements, which are assembled on site and then filled or coated with mortars or concrete. This type of construction summarizes the advantages of its predecessors, among them they have high resistance to earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes and fire, they are quickly built with reasonable prices, transportation is facilitated and less specialized labor is used.
Algunos ejemplos de sistemas prefabricados basados en elementos livianos se divulgan en los documentos US 5,970,672 de Amisk Technologies Inc.; JP58123975 de Taisei Corporation, GB1002957 de Spiti A V E E ; GB 2.286.209 de Christopher Thomas Robinson y JP 2000336813 de Kajima Corporation. Estos sistemas constructivos mantienen subsistente el problema técnico que surge al tratar de ensamblar las diferentes partes prefabricadas, en consideración de su gran peso y volumen. En el mercado local también existen varios sistemas de construcción que utilizan paneles que se revisten con hormigón. Estos sistemas son: Some examples of prefabricated systems based on light elements are disclosed in US 5,970,672 of Amisk Technologies Inc .; JP58123975 from Taisei Corporation, GB1002957 from Spiti AVEE; GB 2,286,209 by Christopher Thomas Robinson and JP 2000336813 from Kajima Corporation. These construction systems keep the technical problem that arises when trying to assemble the different prefabricated parts, in consideration of their great weight and volume. In the local market there are also several construction systems that use panels that are coated with concrete. These systems are:
El sistema constructivo conocido como Tecnopanel, el cual es un sistema con paneles modulares que está formado por una estructura de alambre de acero en tres dimensiones y en su interior posee un panel de espuma de poliestireno con una superficie oleada. El panel viene en dimensiones de 120cm x 240cm, el cual se presenta más como un material de construcción que como un kit para construir casas. Este sistema presenta 3 limitaciones principales. En primer lugar hay que recortar los paneles para adaptar los diseños de la construcción, y el desperdicio lo asume el constructor. En segundo lugar, el revestimiento de hormigón que se aplica en su superficie se sujeta solamente en el alambre ya que la espuma de poliestireno no tiene buena adherencia con el hormigón. Por último, la unión entre los paneles hay que realizarla amarrándolos con alambre o grapas sin varillas, lo que le da poca resistencia a la construcción que resulte de su ensamblaje. Más información relativa a este sistema puede encontrarse en el siguiente link: www.tecnopanel.com.  The construction system known as Tecnopanel, which is a system with modular panels that is formed by a three-dimensional steel wire structure and inside it has a polystyrene foam panel with a wave surface. The panel comes in dimensions of 120cm x 240cm, which is presented more as a building material than as a kit to build houses. This system has 3 main limitations. First of all you have to cut the panels to adapt the construction designs, and the waste is assumed by the builder. Secondly, the concrete coating that is applied on its surface is held only in the wire since the polystyrene foam does not have good adhesion with the concrete. Finally, the connection between the panels must be done by fastening them with wire or staples without rods, which gives it little resistance to the construction that results from its assembly. More information regarding this system can be found at the following link: www.tecnopanel.com.
Los sistemas Hormi2 y Covintec son dos sistemas muy parecidos al Tecnopanel con las mismas deficiencias señaladas anteriormente. Los sitios donde se encuentra información sobre estos sistemas son www.mutualistapichincha.com y www.covintec.com  The Hormi2 and Covintec systems are two systems very similar to Tecnopanel with the same deficiencies indicated above. The sites where information on these systems is found are www.mutualistapichincha.com and www.covintec.com
El tercer sistema conocido en el mercado local, es el denominado Walltech, el cual está formado por una estructura de acero tridimensional forrada de malla de gallinero sin poliestireno interno. Esta estructura tiene muchas dificultades para realizar el enlucido de hormigón, ya que los agujeros de la malla son grandes y cuando se aplica sobre su superficie lo deja pasar al interior produciendo un desperdicio de material y un sobrepeso innecesario.  The third system known in the local market is the so-called Walltech, which is formed by a three-dimensional steel structure lined with chicken coop without internal polystyrene. This structure has many difficulties to perform the concrete plaster, since the holes in the mesh are large and when applied on its surface it lets it pass inside producing a waste of material and unnecessary overweight.
El último sistema, que se considera el antecedente más cercano a la presente invención, es la solicitud de patente ecuatoriana No. SP-01-4123, presentada a nombre MODUL HOGAR INMOBILIARIA, S. A. y Edmundo Carvajal, inventor también de la presente invención. Esta solución técnica contempla la construcción de viviendas con un sistema de paneles que se ensamblan en obra, sin embargo presenta algunos inconvenientes en el proceso de ensamblaje de las partes prefabricadas y la resistencia de los paneles tampoco es óptima. The last system, which is considered the closest antecedent to the present invention, is the Ecuadorian patent application No. SP-01-4123, filed in the name of MODUL HOGAR INMOBILIARIA, SA and Edmundo Carvajal, also inventor of the present invention. This technical solution contemplates the construction of houses with a system of panels that are assembled on site, however it presents some drawbacks in the process of Assembly of the prefabricated parts and the resistance of the panels is also not optimal.
Sumario de la Invención  Summary of the Invention
Partiendo del sistema anterior, y con el objetivo de superar sus deficiencias, se ha ideado la presente invención.  Starting from the previous system, and with the aim of overcoming its deficiencies, the present invention has been devised.
La invención propone un nuevo sistema constructivo constituido por unidades modulares que conforman, mediante su unión, paneles de estructura espacial metálica los cuales presentan cerchas laceadas (que forman lazos) con diseño mejorado que les proporciona mejor resistencia y facilita su ensamblaje. Estos paneles ensamblados, son recubiertos de mortero de cemento, constituyendo paneles de paredes o de losas de diferentes tamaños que pueden acoplarse "in situ". El sistema constructivo reivindicado comprende los siguientes componentes:  The invention proposes a new construction system consisting of modular units that form, by joining, metal spatial structure panels which have lacerated trusses (which form loops) with an improved design that provides them with better strength and facilitates assembly. These assembled panels are covered with cement mortar, constituting panels of walls or slabs of different sizes that can be coupled "in situ". The claimed construction system comprises the following components:
- una cercha (1) conformada por tres piezas básicas: dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre ellos, que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando lazos externos (6), y uniéndose a dichos costados (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. Esta cercha laceada (1), por formar "lazos" externos (6) en sus puntos de contacto con los costados (2,3) de la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que los une, se le ha denominado "laceada", para distinguir este rasgo técnico novedoso con respecto al arte previo;  - a truss (1) consisting of three basic pieces: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming loops external (6), and joining said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) at each intersection site. This lacerated truss (1), for forming external "ties" (6) at its points of contact with the sides (2,3) of the zigzag-shaped rod (4) that joins them, has been called "lacerated" , to distinguish this novel technical feature with respect to the prior art;
- una pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) paralelas entre sí, que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), y que se fijan a los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) de la cercha laceada (1) mediante un punto de soldadura (8), creando una estructura espacial metálica - a plurality of straight transverse rods (7) parallel to each other, which cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), and which are fixed to the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1) by means of a welding point (8), creating a metallic spatial structure
(9); (9);
- un material de relleno (10) que se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9);  - a filler material (10) that is placed inside the spatial structure (9);
- un nervometal (11) que comprende aberturas (12) y costillas (13), el cual se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9), recubriendo el material de relleno (10); y - uno o más dinteles (14) y antipechos (15). - a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (10); Y - one or more lintels (14) and antipechos (15).
El nervometal (1 ) de la unidad modular de la invención, es una lámina metálica troquelada, la cual presenta microcortes en su superficie que al expandirse dejan aberturas (12) en el mismo, como se muestra en el detalle 7a de la Figura 7. El nervometal también tiene costillas a todo lo largo de su superficie, que le dan rigidez en un sentido.  The nervometal (1) of the modular unit of the invention is a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in detail 7a of Figure 7. The nervometal also has ribs all along its surface, which give it rigidity in one direction.
En modalidades alternativas de la invención, la estructura espacial metálica (9) puede ser hecha de cualquier metal que sea resistente y posea cierta flexibilidad. Ejemplos de metales que pueden ser utilizados son acero, aluminio, cobre, bronce, titanio, o aleaciones de los mismos, siendo utilizado de forma preferida el acero.  In alternative embodiments of the invention, the metallic spatial structure (9) can be made of any metal that is resistant and has some flexibility. Examples of metals that can be used are steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium, or alloys thereof, the steel being preferably used.
En una modalidad preferida de la invención, los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) que conforman la cercha laceada (1) del sistema constructivo propuesto, tienen un diámetro preferido entre 4mm y 6mm.  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the lacerated truss (1) of the proposed construction system have a preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
En el sistema constructivo de la invención, la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), en la intersección con cada uno de los costados de varilla recta (2,3) de la cercha laceada (1), sobresale para formar lazos externos (6) que se unen a dichos costados de la varilla recta mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. Por esos lazos externos (6), en el nuevo diseño de la cercha laceada (1), pueden pasar de forma alterna las varillas trasversales (7), de diámetro preferido entre 4mm y 6mm, atravesando más de una cercha y uniéndose a ellas mediante un punto de soldadura (8). Puesto que estas varillas trasversales (7) se sobresalen de los costados de varilla recta (2,3) al atravesar los lazos (6) de la misma mediante salientes (16), se pueden doblar hacia el interior del panel, facilitándose así el anclaje de un panel con el contiguo. In the construction system of the invention, the zigzag-shaped rod (4), at the intersection with each side of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1), protrudes to form external loops (6 ) which are attached to said sides of the straight rod by means of two welding points (5) at each intersection site. For these external ties (6), in the new design of the lacerated truss (1), the transverse rods (7), of preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm, can pass alternately, crossing more than one truss and joining them by a welding point (8). Since these transverse rods (7) protrude from the sides of the straight rod (2,3) by crossing the loops (6) thereof by projections (16), they can be folded into the interior of the panel, thus facilitating anchoring of a panel with the adjoining one.
El ensamblaje de los paneles se puede hacer de forma continua horizontal, conformándose así un sistema de losas completas que pueden llegar a alcanzar hasta doce metros de largo. Similarmente los paneles se pueden ensamblar de forma continua vertical, obteniéndose un sistema de paredes completas que pueden llegar a tener hasta doce metros de largo y seis metros de alto. Tanto el sistema de losas completas como el sistema de paredes completas, una vez ensamblados, se recubren o enlucen con mortero de cemento, similar al usado para los revestimientos para las paredes de bloque de cemento. The assembly of the panels can be done continuously horizontally, thus forming a system of complete slabs that can reach up to twelve meters long. Similarly, the panels can be assembled continuously vertically, obtaining a complete wall system that can be up to twelve meters long and six meters high. Both the complete slab system and the complete wall system, once assembled, are coated or plastered with cement mortar, similar to that used for cement block wall coverings.
En el sistema constructivo de la invención, el material de relleno (10) y el nervometal ( ) que lo recubre, pueden ser en forma de plancha o en forma cilindrica. Cuando el nervometal (11) es en forma de plancha, presenta una costilla doble longitudinal (17) localizada en el centro del mismo, de manera que al éste cortarse en dos pedazos longitudinales idénticos, permite que los remates de los costados dispongan cada uno de una costilla final de refuerzo, Este nervometal (11), en una realización preferida de la invención, es de acero expandido, y aún más preferiblemente de acero expandido galvanizado.  In the constructive system of the invention, the filler material (10) and the ribbing () that covers it, can be in the form of a plate or in a cylindrical form. When the nervometal (11) is in the form of an iron, it has a double longitudinal rib (17) located in the center of the plate, so that when it is cut into two identical longitudinal pieces, it allows the ends of the sides to have each a final reinforcing rib, This rib (11), in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of expanded steel, and even more preferably of galvanized expanded steel.
Por otra parte, el material que sirve de relleno (10) a la estructura espacial (9) puede ser cualquier material sólido que sirva a este fin, por ejemplo, poliestireno, poliuretano, papel, cartón, piedra pómez, entre otros. En una realización preferida, el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno expandido.  On the other hand, the material that serves as a filler (10) to the spatial structure (9) can be any solid material that serves this purpose, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice, among others. In a preferred embodiment, the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
Los dinteles (14) y antepechos (15) que se incluyen en el sistema para dejar los espacios libres necesarios donde se instalen ventanas, puertas o cualquier otro elemento constructivo de interés, presentan en realizaciones preferidas de la invención, tanto en sus frentes como en sus partes posteriores, una varilla de refuerzo en forma de zigzag (4), debido a que al no estar soportados en el suelo y tener que soportar cargas laterales, deben trasmitirlas a los costados de los paneles contiguos (Figura 15).  The lintels (14) and sills (15) that are included in the system to leave the necessary free spaces where windows, doors or any other constructive element of interest are installed, present in preferred embodiments of the invention, both on their fronts and in their backs, a zigzag-shaped reinforcing rod (4), because they are not supported on the ground and have to support lateral loads, they must be transmitted to the sides of the adjacent panels (Figure 15).
La invención también se refiere a la unidad modular que constituye la base del sistema constructivo reivindicado, la cual comprende los siguientes elementos: - una cercha (1) conformada por tres piezas básicas: dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre ellos, que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando lazos externos (6), y uniéndose a dichos costados (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. Esta cercha laceada (1), por formar "lazos" externos (6) en sus puntos de contacto con los costados (2,3) de la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que los une, se le ha denominado "laceada", para distinguir este rasgo técnico novedoso con respecto al arte previo; - una pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) paralelas entre sí, que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), y que se fijan a los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) de la cercha laceada (1) mediante un punto de soldadura (8), creando una estructura espacial metálica (9); The invention also relates to the modular unit that forms the basis of the claimed construction system, which comprises the following elements: - a truss (1) consisting of three basic parts: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a rod Zigzag-shaped (4) between them, protruding the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming external loops (6), and joining said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) on each intersection site. This lacerated truss (1), for forming external "ties" (6) at its points of contact with the sides (2,3) of the zigzag-shaped rod (4) that joins them, has been called "lacerated" , to distinguish this novel technical feature with respect to the prior art; - a plurality of straight transverse rods (7) parallel to each other, which cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), and which are fixed to the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1) by means of a welding point (8), creating a metallic spatial structure (9);
- un material de relleno (10) que se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9);  - a filler material (10) that is placed inside the spatial structure (9);
- un nervometal (11) que comprende aberturas (12) y costillas (13), el cual se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9), recubriendo el material de relleno (10);  - a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (10);
El nervometal (11) de la unidad modular de la invención, es una lámina metálica troquelada, la cual presenta microcortes en su superficie que al expandirse dejan aberturas (12) en el mismo, como se muestra en el detalle 7A de la Figura 7.  The nervometal (11) of the modular unit of the invention is a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in detail 7A of Figure 7.
En modalidades alternativas de la invención, la estructura espacial metálica (9) puede ser hecha de cualquier metal que sea resistente y flexible. Ejemplos de metales que pueden ser utilizados son acero, aluminio, cobre, bronce, titanio, o aleaciones de los mismos, siendo utilizado de forma preferida el acero. In alternative embodiments of the invention, the metal spatial structure (9) can be made of any metal that is strong and flexible. Examples of metals that can be used are steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium, or alloys thereof, the steel being preferably used.
En una modalidad preferida de la invención, los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) que conforman la cercha laceada (1) de la unidad modular propuesta, tienen un diámetro preferido entre 4mm y 6mm.  In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the lacerated truss (1) of the proposed modular unit have a preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
En la unidad modular de la invención, la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), en la intersección con cada uno de los costados de varilla recta (2,3) de la cercha laceada (1), sobresale para formar lazos externos (6) que se unen a dichos costados de la varilla recta mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. Por esos lazos externos (6), en el nuevo diseño de la cercha laceada (1), pueden pasar de forma alterna las varillas trasversales (7), con diámetro preferido entre 4mm y 6mm, atravesando más de una cercha y uniéndose a ellas mediante un punto de soldadura (8), contribuyendo de esta manera al ensamblaje de los paneles. Puesto que estas varillas trasversales (7) se sobresalen de los costados de varilla recta (2,3) al atravesar los lazos (6) de la misma mediante salientes (16), se pueden doblar hacia el interior de la misma, facilitándose así el anclaje de una unidad modular con la contigua. In the modular unit of the invention, the zigzag-shaped rod (4), at the intersection with each side of the straight rod (2,3) of the lacerated truss (1), protrudes to form external loops (6 ) which are attached to said sides of the straight rod by means of two welding points (5) at each intersection site. For these external ties (6), in the new design of the lacerated truss (1), the transverse rods (7), with preferred diameter between 4mm and 6mm, can pass alternately, crossing more than one truss and joining them by a welding point (8), thus contributing to the assembly of the panels. Since these transverse rods (7) protrude from the sides of the straight rod (2,3) when crossing the loops (6) of the same one by means of projections (16), can be folded towards the interior of the same, thus facilitating the anchorage of a modular unit with the adjoining one.
En la unidad modular de la invención, el material de relleno (10) y el nervometal (11) que lo recubre, pueden ser en forma de plancha o en forma cilindrica. Cuando el nervometal (11) es en forma de plancha, presenta una costilla doble longitudinal (17) localizada en el centro del mismo, de manera que al éste cortarse en dos pedazos longitudinales idénticos, permite que los remates de los costados dispongan cada uno de una costilla final de refuerzo. Este nervometal (11), en una realización preferida de la invención, es de acero expandido, y aún más preferiblemente de acero expandido galvanizado.  In the modular unit of the invention, the filling material (10) and the ribbing (11) that covers it, can be in the form of a plate or in a cylindrical form. When the nervometal (11) is in the form of an iron, it has a double longitudinal rib (17) located in the center of the plate, so that when it is cut into two identical longitudinal pieces, it allows the ends of the sides to have each a final rib of reinforcement. This nervometal (11), in a preferred embodiment of the invention, is made of expanded steel, and even more preferably of galvanized expanded steel.
Por otra parte, el material que sirve de relleno (10) a la estructura espacial (9) puede ser cualquier material sólido que sirva a este fin, por ejemplo, poliestireno, poliuretano, papel, cartón, piedra pómez, entre otros. En una realización preferida, el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno expandido.  On the other hand, the material that serves as a filler (10) to the spatial structure (9) can be any solid material that serves this purpose, for example, polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice, among others. In a preferred embodiment, the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
Otro objeto de la invención también lo constituye la cercha laceada (1) que conforma la unidad modular de la invención, definida así porque comprende lazos externos (6), comprende tres piezas básicas: los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre ellos, que sobresale a dichos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formado lazos externos (6), y que se une a estos mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. Another object of the invention is also the lacerated truss (1) that forms the modular unit of the invention, thus defined because it comprises external loops (6), comprising three basic parts: the two sides of straight rod (2,3) and the zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes to said sides of straight rod (2,3) formed external loops (6), and which is attached to these by two welding points (5) at each site of intersection.
Breve descripción de las figuras  Brief description of the figures
Figura 1 : Muestra la cercha laceada de la invención (1) y sus partes constituyentes por separado: dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que sobresale a los costados (2,3) mediante un lazo exterior (6), la cual se fija a cada costado mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5).  Figure 1: Shows the lacerated truss of the invention (1) and its constituent parts separately: two straight rod sides (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) protruding to the sides (2,3) by an outer loop (6), which is fixed to each side by two welding points (5).
Figura 2: Muestra una vista espacial de una unidad modular de la invención, donde se observan la cercha laceada (1) unida con las varillas transversales (7) y los salientes (16) de las mismas, que permiten el anclado de una unidad modular con otra conformando la estructura espacial (9) y constituyendo los paneles de la invención mediante su ensamblaje. Figura 3: Es una ampliación del contacto de la cercha laceada (1) y las varillas transversales (7), donde se observa el detalle de la unión entre éstas: la unión de la varilla en zigzag (4) a los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) y la unión de las varillas transversales (7) atravesando los lazos externos (6) de la varilla en zigzag (4) mediante un punto de soldadura (8). Figure 2: Shows a spatial view of a modular unit of the invention, where the lacerated truss (1) connected with the transverse rods (7) and the projections (16) thereof, which allow the anchorage of a modular unit are observed with another forming the spatial structure (9) and constituting the panels of the invention through its assembly. Figure 3: It is an extension of the contact of the lacerated truss (1) and the transverse rods (7), where the detail of the union between them is observed: the union of the zigzag rod (4) to the two sides of the rod straight (2,3) by means of two welding points (5) and the union of the transverse rods (7) crossing the external ties (6) of the zigzag rod (4) by means of a welding point (8).
Figura 4: Muestra diferentes alternativas de las formas planas, tanto del material de relleno (10) como del nervometal (11) que lo recubre.  Figure 4: Shows different alternatives of the flat forms, both of the filler material (10) and of the nervometal (11) that covers it.
Figura 5: Muestra una representación espacial de los paneles de la invención, de uno (a) y dos (b) unidades modulares para formar paneles de paredes y losas. Las varillas rectas transversales (7), con diámetros entre 4 y 6 mm, y con salientes (16), permiten la unión de las cerchas (1), facilitando el acople y anclaje de los paneles, tanto en paredes como en losas.  Figure 5: Shows a spatial representation of the panels of the invention, of one (a) and two (b) modular units to form panels of walls and slabs. The straight transverse rods (7), with diameters between 4 and 6 mm, and with projections (16), allow the joining of the trusses (1), facilitating the coupling and anchoring of the panels, both in walls and in slabs.
Figura 6: Muestra la estructura espacial (9) que conforma la unidad modular de la invención, en la cual se incluye en su interior el material de relleno (10) recubierto por el nervometal (11). Puesto que las varillas (7) se sobresalen de la cercha (1) mediante los salientes (16), es posible acoplar un panel con otro contiguo en sentido vertical, produciendo una unión rígida que se sella doblando el saliente (16) de la varilla (7) hacia el interior del panel luego del acople.  Figure 6: Shows the spatial structure (9) that makes up the modular unit of the invention, in which the filling material (10) covered by the nerometal (11) is included inside. Since the rods (7) protrude from the truss (1) by the projections (16), it is possible to attach a panel with another adjoining vertically, producing a rigid joint that is sealed by bending the projection (16) of the rod (7) into the panel after coupling.
En esta figura también se observa el espacio en que sobresalen las cerchas (1) al material de relleno (10) y el nervometal (11) en los paneles, en una extensión entre 10 a 20 cm, espacio que permite también el acople de los paneles en sentido horizontal.  This figure also shows the space in which the trusses (1) protrude to the filling material (10) and the nervometal (11) in the panels, in an extension between 10 to 20 cm, a space that also allows the coupling of the horizontal panels.
Figura 7: Representa gráficamente el nervometal (11) del sistema constructivo de la invención, que no es más que una lámina metálica troquelada, la cual presenta microcortes en su superficie que al expandirse dejan aberturas (12) en el mismo, como se muestra en el detalle 7a. Este nervometal también presenta costillas (13) a todo lo largo su superficie que le dan rigidez en un sentido, y está diseñado con una doble costilla longitudinal (17) en el centro de la lámina para que cuando se produzca el corte en dos pedazos longitudinales para recubrir al material de relleno, los remates de los costados queden siempre con una costilla final de refuerzo. Figure 7: Graphically depicts the nervometal (11) of the constructive system of the invention, which is nothing more than a die-cut metal sheet, which has microcuts on its surface that, when expanded, leave openings (12) therein, as shown in the detail 7a. This nervometal also has ribs (13) all along its surface that give it a stiffness in one direction, and is designed with a double longitudinal rib (17) in the center of the sheet so that when the cut occurs in two longitudinal pieces to cover the filler material, the ends of the sides always remain with a final rib of reinforcement.
Figura 8:  Figure 8:
a) Muestra la representación esquemática de una unión en esquina de dos paneles de la invención, donde se observan las varillas transversales (7) que sirven de estructura para unir las cerchas (1), y sus salientes (16) que se emplean para anclar un panel con respecto al otro. También se observan el material de relleno (10) en forma de plancha, que se recubre con el nervometal (11). En la intersección misma de los dos paneles, queda un espacio delimitado por las dos cerchas (1) de los extremos, dentro del cual se incluye el material de relleno (10) en forma de cilindro, recubierto por el nervometal (11) en forma de cilindro también. Cuando se requiera de mayor refuerzo en la esquina, se pueden incluir varillas de refuerzo en lugar del material de relleno (10) en forma de cilindro. b) Muestra una representación gráfica de la unión de dos paneles en esquina, una vez acoplados y recubiertos con mortero de hormigón (20).  a) It shows the schematic representation of a corner joint of two panels of the invention, where the transverse rods (7) that serve as a structure to join the trusses (1), and their projections (16) that are used to anchor are observed one panel with respect to the other. The filler material (10) in the form of an iron is also observed, which is coated with the nervometal (11). At the very intersection of the two panels, there is a space delimited by the two trusses (1) of the ends, within which the filler material (10) in the form of a cylinder is included, covered by the nerometal (11) in the form of cylinder too. When more corner reinforcement is required, reinforcement rods may be included instead of the cylinder-shaped filler material (10). b) Shows a graphic representation of the union of two corner panels, once coupled and coated with concrete mortar (20).
Figura 9:  Figure 9:
a) Muestra la representación esquemática de una unión de tres paneles en esquina, donde se observan las varillas transversales (7) que sirven de estructura para unir las cerchas (1). También se observan el material de relleno (10) en forma de plancha, que se recubre con el nervometal también en forma de plancha ( 1). En la intersección misma de los tres paneles, queda un espacio delimitado por tres cerchas (1) y las varillas (7) que se sobresalen a las mismas, dentro del cual se incluye el material de relleno (10) en forma de cilindro, recubierto por un nervometal (11) en forma de cilindro también.  a) It shows the schematic representation of a union of three corner panels, where the transverse rods (7) that serve as a structure to join the trusses (1) are observed. The filler material (10) in the form of an iron is also observed, which is coated with the nervometal also in the form of an iron (1). At the very intersection of the three panels, there is a space delimited by three trusses (1) and the rods (7) that protrude therefrom, which includes the filling material (10) in the form of a cylinder, covered by a nerve-shaped cylinder (11) as well.
b) Muestra una representación gráfica de la unión de tres paneles en esquina, una vez acoplados y recubiertos con mortero de hormigón (20).  b) Shows a graphic representation of the union of three corner panels, once coupled and coated with concrete mortar (20).
Figura 10: a) Muestra la representación esquemática de una unión de cuatro paneles en esquina, donde se observan las varillas transversales (7) que sirven de estructura para unir las cerchas (1 ). También se observan el material de relleno (10) en forma de plancha, que se recubre con el nervometal también en forma de plancha (11). En la intersección misma de los tres paneles queda un espacio delimitado por tres cerchas (1), dentro del cual, se incluye el material de relleno (10) en forma de cilindro, recubierto por un nervometal (11) en forma de cilindro también. Figure 10: a) It shows the schematic representation of a union of four corner panels, where the transverse rods (7) that serve as a structure to join the trusses (1) are observed. The filler material (10) in the form of an iron is also observed, which is coated with the nerometal also in the form of an iron (11). In the same intersection of the three panels there is a space delimited by three trusses (1), within which, the filling material (10) in the form of a cylinder is included, covered by a nerve-shaped (11) in the form of a cylinder as well.
b) Muestra una representación gráfica de la unión de cuatro paneles en esquina, una vez acoplados y recubiertos con mortero de hormigón b) Shows a graphic representation of the union of four corner panels, once coupled and coated with concrete mortar
(20). (twenty).
Figura 11 : Muestra la representación gráfica de dos unidades modulares para la formación de paneles losas. En la Figura 11a se observan estas dos unidades separadas, y en la Figura 11b se observa como ocurre el acople entre estas dos unidades constituyendo un panel.  Figure 11: Shows the graphic representation of two modular units for the formation of slab panels. In Figure 11a these two separate units are observed, and in Figure 11b it is observed how the coupling between these two units constitutes a panel.
Figura 12: Muestra una representación gráfica de la unión de paneles de paredes y de losa de cubierta terminado, con el enlucido de hormigón.  Figure 12: Shows a graphic representation of the union of wall panels and finished roof slab, with the concrete plaster.
Figura 13: Muestra una representación gráfica de la unión de paneles de paredes, de losa de entrepiso y de cubierta terminado, con el enlucido de hormigón.  Figure 13: Shows a graphic representation of the union of wall panels, mezzanine slab and finished roof, with the concrete plaster.
Figura 14: Es una representación gráfica del sistema constructivo de la invención, donde se muestran todas las partes de una vivienda que pueden construirse con los paneles objetos de protección. La vivienda representada tiene dimensiones de 50 m2, y ha sido diseñada con dos pisos. Figure 14: It is a graphic representation of the construction system of the invention, where all the parts of a house that can be constructed with the panels object of protection are shown. The house represented has dimensions of 50 m 2 , and has been designed with two floors.
Figura 15: Figure 15:
a) Muestra una representación gráfica de un dintel (14) y sus vistas frontal, lateral y superior, el cual presenta una varilla de refuerzo en forma de zigzag (4) en dichas partes frontal y lateral, para poder soportar las cargas laterales que sobre él recaen, para poder transmitirlas a los paneles contiguos. b) Muestra una representación gráfica de un antepecho (15) con una varilla de refuerzo en forma de zigzag (4) en su parte lateral para poder soportar cargas las cargas laterales y trasmitirlas a los costados de los paneles contiguos. a) It shows a graphic representation of a lintel (14) and its front, side and top views, which has a zigzag-shaped reinforcing rod (4) in said front and side parts, to be able to support the lateral loads that he relapses, to be able to transmit them to the adjacent panels. b) It shows a graphic representation of a sill (15) with a zigzag-shaped reinforcing rod (4) on its side to be able to withstand the lateral loads and transmit them to the sides of the adjacent panels.
Descripción detallada de la invención Detailed description of the invention
La invención consiste en una mejora del diseño de la cercha laceada (1) que conforma la base estructural de las unidades modulares de la invención y de los paneles formados por éstas.  The invention consists in an improvement of the design of the lacerated truss (1) that forms the structural base of the modular units of the invention and of the panels formed by them.
Este nuevo diseño se le ha denominado como cercha "laceada", puesto que se basa en una varilla en zigzag (4), la cual sobresale los costados de las varillas rectas (2,3), creando "lazos" externos (6) en los cuales penetran las varillas transversales (7), tal como se aprecia en las Figuras 1 , 2 y 3.  This new design has been called a "lacerated" truss, since it is based on a zigzag rod (4), which protrudes the sides of the straight rods (2,3), creating external "ties" (6) in which penetrate the transverse rods (7), as seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
Las ventajas más significativas de la presente invención son las siguientes: a) La varilla en forma de zigzag (4) se monta dos veces sobre cada una de las varillas rectas que forman los costados (2,3), lo que permite soldar el zigzag en dos puntos en cada vuelta, como se muestra en la Figura 3. Esto le da más resistencia y seguridad a la cercha, y por consiguiente, a la unidad modular y al panel.  The most significant advantages of the present invention are the following: a) The zigzag-shaped rod (4) is mounted twice on each of the straight rods that form the sides (2,3), which allows welding the zigzag at two points at each turn, as shown in Figure 3. This gives more strength and security to the truss, and consequently, to the modular unit and the panel.
b) El poder colocar la varilla trasversal (7) a través del lazo externo (6) que tiene la cercha laceada (1), facilita el armado del panel como se aprecia en lab) The ability to place the transverse rod (7) through the external loop (6) that has the lacerated truss (1), facilitates the assembly of the panel as seen in the
Figura 5, ya que sin necesidad de soportes adicionales se conforma la estructura espacial (9) lo que permite ensamblarlos directamente en la obra donde se van a instalar. Las varillas trasversales (7) que se usan para conformar el panel son rectas para paredes rectas o curvas para paredes curvas de diferentes diámetros, y en esta variante no necesitan ningún tipo de doblez. Figure 5, since without the need for additional supports, the spatial structure (9) is formed, which allows them to be assembled directly in the work where they are to be installed. The transverse rods (7) that are used to form the panel are straight for straight or curved walls for curved walls of different diameters, and in this variant they do not need any kind of bending.
c) Con el sistema de la cercha laceada (1 ) objeto de la presente invención, las varillas que las unen son rectas y puede unir varias cerchas a la vez, facilitando el ensamblaje de paredes o losas de cualquier dimensión. c) With the lacerated truss system (1) object of the present invention, the connecting rods are straight and can join several trusses at the same time, facilitating the assembly of walls or slabs of any dimension.
d) Se puede ensamblar de manera continua vertical un número considerable de paneles, creando un sistema de paredes completas, que pueden llegar a ser de hasta doce metros de largo y seis metros de alto, las cuales se ensamblan con facilidad en la obra. d) A considerable number of panels can be assembled continuously vertically, creating a complete wall system, which can become up to twelve meters long and six meters high, which are easily assembled on site.
e) Se puede ensamblar de manera continua horizontal un número considerable de paneles, creando un sistema de losas completas, que pueden llegar a ser de hasta doce metros de largo y/o alto, con facilidad en la misma obra, sin tener que duplicar la cercha en cada empalme. e) A considerable number of panels can be assembled horizontally, creating a system of complete slabs, which can be up to twelve meters long and / or high, easily in the same work, without having to duplicate the truss in each joint.
f) El nervometal (11) está diseñado con una doble costilla longitudinal (17) en el centro de la lámina (Figura 7) para que cuando se produzca el corte en dos pedazos longitudinales, los remates de los costados tengan siempre una costilla final de refuerzo. La división en dos pedazos longitudinales tiene por objeto crear dos nervometales (11 ) para forrar las caras frontal y posterior de la lámina de poliestireno expandido que sirve de material de relleno (10) en la estructura espacial (9) del panel. f) The nervometal (11) is designed with a double longitudinal rib (17) in the center of the sheet (Figure 7) so that when cutting in two longitudinal pieces, the ends of the sides always have a final rib of reinforcement. The division into two longitudinal pieces is intended to create two ribs (11) to line the front and back sides of the expanded polystyrene sheet that serves as filler material (10) in the spatial structure (9) of the panel.
La presente invención será mejor comprendida a partir de los ejemplos de realización que siguen, cuyo objetivo es ilustrar la forma de llevar a la práctica la invención, y en modo alguno deben considerarse para restringir el alcance de la misma.  The present invention will be better understood from the following exemplary embodiments, the purpose of which is to illustrate how to implement the invention, and in no way should be considered to restrict the scope thereof.
EJEMPLOS DE REALIZACIÓN:  EXAMPLES OF REALIZATION:
Ejemplo 1. Unión de dos o más paneles en línea.  Example 1. Union of two or more panels in line.
Puesto que una de las características técnicas más importantes de las unidades modulares de la invención es que tienen varillas transversales (7) que sobresalen a la cercha laceada (1) con el objeto de permitir la unión de dos o más unidades para formar paneles, según se muestra en la Figura 1 1 , para ensamblar los paneles éstos se juntan alternando las varillas (7), y luego las mismas se doblan hacia el interior de los paneles con el objeto de anclar un panel con otro, anclaje que es más que suficiente para sujetarlos e impedir cualquier movimiento indeseado entre ellos. Since one of the most important technical characteristics of the modular units of the invention is that they have transverse rods (7) protruding from the lacerated truss (1) in order to allow the joining of two or more units to form panels, according to shown in Figure 1 1, to assemble the panels they are joined by alternating the rods (7), and then they are folded into the panels in order to anchor one panel with another, anchor that is more than sufficient to hold them and prevent any unwanted movement between them.
Una vez anclados los paneles, se procede a enlucirlos con mortero de hormigón, quedando lista para su uso la pared o losa, según se desee.  Once the panels are anchored, they are plastered with concrete mortar, the wall or slab being ready for use, as desired.
El proceso de enlucido o recubrimiento de los paneles se realiza, lanzando una mezcla conocida en la técnica como mortero o macilla de hormigón sobre los paneles, la cual está compuesta de una parte de cemento y 3 partes de arena gruesa de hasta 3mm de grosor y dos partes de arena fina de hasta 1 mm de grosor. Esta proporción de la mezcla puede variar en dependencia de si se desea que el recubrimiento sea más rígido (4 partes de arena y una de cemento) o menos rígido (7 partes de arena y una de cemento). La mezcla puede incluir también aditivos para un secado más rápido, para impermeabilizar la superficie, etc. The process of plastering or coating the panels is carried out, throwing a mixture known in the art as mortar or concrete shavings on the panels, which is composed of one part of cement and 3 parts of coarse sand up to 3mm thick and two parts of fine sand up to 1mm thick. This proportion of the mixture may vary depending on whether it is desired that the coating be more rigid (4 parts of sand and one of cement) or less rigid (7 parts of sand and one of cement). The mixture may also include additives for faster drying, to waterproof the surface, etc.
Ejemplo 2. Unión de dos paneles en esquina de 90 grados.  Example 2. Union of two 90 degree corner panels.
A uno de los paneles que va a formar la esquina se le suelda una cercha adicional como se observa en la Figura 8, se introduce material de relleno (10), en este caso poliestireno en forma de cilindro, recubierto por el cilindro de acero galvanizado (11) en el espacio que queda entre las dos cerchas del extremo del panel, y luego se introducen a 90 grados las varillas del segundo panel, con lo que se anclan los paneles quedando formada la esquina (Figura 8a). Una vez formada la esquina, se procede a recubrir los paneles con masilla de hormigón, quedando lista la doble pared esquinera (Figura 8b).  To one of the panels that will form the corner an additional truss is welded as seen in Figure 8, filler material (10) is introduced, in this case a cylinder-shaped polystyrene, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder (11) in the space between the two trusses at the end of the panel, and then the rods of the second panel are introduced at 90 degrees, whereby the panels are anchored, forming the corner (Figure 8a). Once the corner is formed, the panels are covered with concrete putty, the double corner wall being ready (Figure 8b).
En el caso que se requiera un mayor refuerzo, se puede prescindir del cilindro de poliestireno (10) pero manteniendo el cilindro de acero galvanizado (11 ), reforzando el interior del mismo con varillas de construcción y llenándolo con hormigón.  In the case that greater reinforcement is required, the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder (11), reinforcing the interior of the same with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
Ejemplo 3. Unión de tres paneles en doble esquina de 90 grados.  Example 3. Union of three panels in double corner of 90 degrees.
A uno de los paneles que va a formar la esquina se le suelda una cercha adicional como se muestra en la Figura 9, se introduce material de relleno (10) en este caso poliestireno en forma de cilindro, recubierto por el cilindro de acero galvanizado (11), en el espacio que queda entre las dos cerchas (1) del extremo del panel, y luego se introducen a 90 grados las varillas del segundo y tercer paneles, con lo que quedan anclados los paneles entre sí, formándose una doble esquina como se observa en la Figura 9a. Una vez formada la esquina, se procede a enlucir los paneles con una masilla de hormigón quedando lista la triple pared esquinera (Figura 9b). Si se requiere un mayor refuerzo se puede prescindir del cilindro de poliestireno (10) pero manteniendo el cilindro de acero galvanizado (11), reforzando el interior con varillas de construcción y llenándolo con hormigón. To one of the panels that will form the corner an additional truss is welded as shown in Figure 9, filler material (10) is introduced in this case cylinder-shaped polystyrene, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder ( 11), in the space that remains between the two trusses (1) of the end of the panel, and then the rods of the second and third panels are introduced at 90 degrees, with which the panels are anchored together, forming a double corner as It is seen in Figure 9a. Once the corner is formed, the panels are plastered with a concrete putty, the triple corner wall being ready (Figure 9b). If further reinforcement is required, the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder (11), reinforcing the interior with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
Ejemplo 4. Unión de cuatro paneles en triple esquina de 90 grados.  Example 4. Union of four panels in triple corner of 90 degrees.
A uno de los paneles que va a formar la esquina se le suelda una cercha adicional como se muestra en la Figura 10, se introduce material de relleno (10) en este caso poliestireno en forma de cilindro, recubierto por el cilindro de acero galvanizado (11) en el espacio que queda entre las dos cerchas del extremo del panel y luego se introducen a 90 grados las varillas del segundo y tercer y cuarto paneles, con lo que se anclan los paneles y queda formada la cuádruple esquina (Figura 10a). Una vez formadas las esquinas con los paneles, éstos se recubren con masilla de hormigón, quedando lista la cuádruple pared esquinera (Figura 10b). Si se requiere un mayor refuerzo se puede prescindir del cilindro de poliestireno (10) pero manteniendo el cilindro de acero galvanizado, (11) reforzando el interior con varillas de construcción y llenándolo con hormigón.  To one of the panels that will form the corner an additional truss is welded as shown in Figure 10, filler material (10) is introduced in this case polystyrene in the form of a cylinder, covered by the galvanized steel cylinder ( 11) in the space between the two trusses at the end of the panel and then the rods of the second and third and fourth panels are introduced at 90 degrees, whereby the panels are anchored and the quadruple corner is formed (Figure 10a). Once the corners have been formed with the panels, they are covered with concrete putty, the quadruple corner wall being ready (Figure 10b). If further reinforcement is required, the polystyrene cylinder (10) can be dispensed with while maintaining the galvanized steel cylinder, (11) reinforcing the interior with construction rods and filling it with concrete.
Ejemplo 5. Anclaje de los paneles al piso.  Example 5. Anchorage of the panels to the floor.
Para facilitar el anclaje de los paneles tanto en el piso como en la unión con las losas de entrepiso y cubierta, las cerchas (1) se sobresalen en los paneles en una extensión que fluctúa de 10 a 20 cm, como se observa también en la Figura 6.  To facilitate the anchoring of the panels both on the floor and in the union with the mezzanine and roof slabs, the trusses (1) protrude in the panels in an extension that fluctuates from 10 to 20 cm, as can also be seen in the Figure 6
Ejemplo 6. Unión de paredes y losas:  Example 6. Joining walls and slabs:
Los paneles de paredes y losas tienen tramos de cerchas (1) y varillas (7) que sobresalen de los mismos, esto se permite para facilitar el ensamblaje, ya que cuando se arman las losas sobre las paredes, éstas sirven de puntos de apoyo y unión (Figura 6).  The panels of walls and slabs have sections of trusses (1) and rods (7) protruding from them, this is allowed to facilitate assembly, since when the slabs are assembled on the walls, they serve as support points and union (Figure 6).
Una vez colocados los mismos, se refuerzan cruzando varillas de construcción que tienen espesores de 8 a 12mm, conformando cadenas para amarrar toda la estructura. Una vez terminado este trabajo, las estructuras se llenan de hormigón, comenzando por las paredes, luego las cadenas y finalmente fundiendo las losas.  Once they are placed, they are reinforced by crossing construction rods that have thicknesses of 8 to 12mm, forming chains to tie the entire structure. Once this work is finished, the structures are filled with concrete, starting with the walls, then the chains and finally melting the slabs.
Ejemplo 7. Construcción de una casa. En la Figura 14 se puede observar las plantas (a), fachadas (b) y losas de entrepiso (c) y cubierta (d), de una casa de dos dormitorios de 50 m2, diseñada en dos pisos, donde se observa que se da uso a toda la panelería del sistema constructivo de la invención. Example 7. Construction of a house. In Figure 14 you can see the floors (a), facades (b) and mezzanine slabs (c) and roof (d), of a two-bedroom house of 50 m 2 , designed on two floors, where it is observed that all the paneling of the constructive system of the invention is used.
Ejemplo 8. Kits de casas. Example 8. House kits.
El concepto general del sistema es facilitar la construcción de viviendas en el lugar de la obra, ofreciendo el kit completo para armar en obra modelos preestablecidos de casas con todos sus elementos estructurales y de relleno facilitando así el trabajo, reduciendo el tiempo de construcción y los costos de una manera significativa.  The general concept of the system is to facilitate the construction of houses at the construction site, offering the complete kit to assemble pre-established models of houses with all their structural and filling elements, thus facilitating work, reducing construction time and construction. Costs in a meaningful way.
Los paneles de la invención pueden venderse como partes constitutivas de una vivienda en forma de kits, los cuales son transportados al lugar de la obra y se ensamblan siguiendo la descripción previamente proporcionada.  The panels of the invention can be sold as constituent parts of a dwelling in the form of kits, which are transported to the construction site and assembled following the previously provided description.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Un sistema constructivo de paneles de estructura espacial formado por unidades modulares, caracterizado porque cada unidad modular comprende: 1. A constructive system of spatial structure panels formed by modular units, characterized in that each modular unit comprises:
- una cercha (1) conformada por tres piezas básicas: dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre los mismos, que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando lazos externos (6);  - a truss (1) consisting of three basic pieces: two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming external ties (6);
- una pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) paralelas entre sí, que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), creando una estructura espacial (9);  - a plurality of straight transverse rods (7) parallel to each other, which cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), creating a spatial structure (9);
- un material de relleno (10) que se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9);  - a filler material (10) that is placed inside the spatial structure (9);
- un nervometal (11) que comprende aberturas (12) y costillas (13), el cual se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9), recubriendo el material de relleno ( 0);  - a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (0);
2. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando los lazos externos (6), se une a dichos costados (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección.  2. The construction system of claim 1, characterized in that the zigzag-shaped rod (4) protruding the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) forming the external loops (6), joins said sides (2, 3) by two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
3. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado porque los costados de varilla recta (2,3) que conforman la cercha (1 ) tienen un diámetro entre 4mm y 6mm.  3. The construction system of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the truss (1) have a diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
4. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), se fijan a los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) mediante un punto de soldadura (8) y sobresalen de éstos mediante salientes 16. 4. The construction system of claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of transverse straight rods (7) that cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), are fixed to both sides of the straight rod (2,3) by means of a welding point (8) and protrude from them by projections 16.
5. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 4, caracterizado porque las varillas rectas trasversales (7) atraviesan de forma alterna los lazos externos (6) de la cercha (1) y tienen un diámetro entre 4mm y 6 mm. 5. The construction system of claim 4, characterized in that the straight transverse rods (7) alternately cross the external loops (6) of the truss (1) and have a diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
6. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicación 4 y 5, caracterizado porque las varillas rectas trasversales (7), una vez que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) de las cerchas (1), sus salientes (16) se doblan hacia el interior del panel ensamblando un panel con otro panel contiguo.  6. The construction system of claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the transverse straight rods (7), once they cross the external loops (6) of the trusses (1), their projections (16) are folded into the interior of the panel assembling a panel with another adjoining panel.
7. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque cuando el ensamblaje de los paneles se realiza de forma continua vertical, se conforma un sistema de paredes completas.  7. The construction system of claim 6, characterized in that when the assembly of the panels is carried out continuously vertically, a complete wall system is formed.
8. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 6, caracterizado porque cuando el ensamblaje de los paneles se realiza de forma continua horizontal, se conforma un sistema de losas completas.  8. The constructive system of claim 6, characterized in that when the assembly of the panels is carried out continuously horizontally, a complete slab system is formed.
9. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicaciones 7 y 8, caracterizado porque el sistema de paredes completas y el sistema de losas completas, una vez ensamblados, se recubren con mortero de hormigón.  9. The construction system of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the complete wall system and the complete slab system, once assembled, are coated with concrete mortar.
10. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque la estructura espacial (9) es metálica.  10. The construction system of claim 1, characterized in that the spatial structure (9) is metallic.
11. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque el metal que conforma la estructura espacial (9) es acero, aluminio, cobre, bronce, titanio o aleaciones de los mismos.  11. The construction system of claim 10, characterized in that the metal that forms the spatial structure (9) is steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium or alloys thereof.
12. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el nervometal (11) es de acero.  12. The construction system of claim 1, characterized in that the nervometal (11) is made of steel.
13. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 12, caracterizado porque el nervometal es de acero galvanizado.  13. The construction system of claim 12, characterized in that the nervometal is made of galvanized steel.
14. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicaciones 12 y 13, caracterizado porque el nervometal (11) es opcionalmente en forma cilindrica o de plancha. 14. The construction system of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that the nervometal (11) is optionally cylindrical or plate-shaped.
15. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque si el nervometal (11) es en forma de plancha, ésta presenta una costilla doble longitudinal (17) localizada en el centro de la misma. 15. The construction system of claim 14, characterized in that if the nervometal (11) is in the form of an iron, it has a longitudinal double rib (17) located in the center thereof.
16. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 15, caracterizado porque dicha costilla doble longitudinal (17) al cortarse el nervometal (11) en dos pedazos longitudinales idénticos para el recubrimiento del material de relleno (10), permite que los remates de los costados dispongan cada uno de una costilla final de refuerzo. 16. The constructive system of claim 15, characterized in that said longitudinal double rib (17) when the ribbing (11) is cut into two identical longitudinal pieces for the coating of the filling material (10), allows the ends of the sides to have each of a final rib of reinforcement.
17. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque el material de relleno (10) es un material seleccionado del grupo que consiste de poliestireno, poliuretano, papel, cartón, piedra pómez o una mezcla de los mismos.  17. The construction system of claim 1, characterized in that the filler material (10) is a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice or a mixture thereof.
18. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 17, caracterizado porque el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno. 18. The construction system of claim 17, characterized in that the filler material (10) is polystyrene.
19. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 18, caracterizado porque el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno expandido.  19. The construction system of claim 18, characterized in that the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
20. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicaciones 17 a 19, caracterizado porque el material de relleno es opcionalmente en forma cilindrica o de plancha.  20. The construction system of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the filling material is optionally cylindrical or plate-shaped.
21. El sistema constructivo de las reivindicaciones de la 1 a la 20, caracterizado porque comprende opcionalmente paneles que conforman uno o más dinteles (14) y antipechos (15).  21. The construction system of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that it optionally comprises panels that make up one or more lintels (14) and anti-sinks (15).
22. El sistema constructivo de la reivindicación 21 , caracterizado porque los dinteles (14) y antepechos (15) presentan una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) en la fachada frontal y posterior del panel. 22. The construction system of claim 21, characterized in that the lintels (14) and sills (15) have a zigzag-shaped rod (4) in the front and rear panel façade.
23. Una unidad modular caracterizada porque comprende:  23. A modular unit characterized in that it comprises:
- una cercha (1) conformada por tres piezas básicas que son dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre ellos, que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando lazos externos (6);  - a truss (1) consisting of three basic pieces that are two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which protrudes the two sides of straight rod (2,3) forming external ties (6);
- una pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) paralelas entre sí, que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), creando una estructura espacial (9); - un material de relleno (10) que se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9); - a plurality of straight transverse rods (7) parallel to each other, which cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), creating a spatial structure (9); - a filler material (10) that is placed inside the spatial structure (9);
- un nervometal (11) que comprende aberturas (12) y costillas (13), el cual se coloca en el interior de la estructura espacial (9), recubriendo el material de relleno (10);  - a nervometal (11) comprising openings (12) and ribs (13), which is placed inside the spatial structure (9), covering the filling material (10);
24. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando los lazos externos (6), se une a dichos costados (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección.  24. The modular unit of claim 23, characterized in that the zigzag-shaped rod (4) protruding the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) forming the outer loops (6), joins said sides (2, 3) by two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
25. La unidad modular de las reivindicaciones 23 y 24, caracterizada porque los costados de varilla recta (2,3) que conforman la cercha (1) tienen un diámetro entre 4mm y 6mm. 25. The modular unit of claims 23 and 24, characterized in that the sides of the straight rod (2,3) that make up the truss (1) have a diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
26. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque la pluralidad de varillas rectas trasversales (7) que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) formados por la varilla en forma de zigzag (4), se fijan a los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) mediante un punto de soldadura (8) y sobresalen de éstos mediante salientes (16).  26. The modular unit of claim 23, characterized in that the plurality of transverse straight rods (7) that cross the external loops (6) formed by the zigzag-shaped rod (4), are fixed to both sides of the straight rod (2,3) by means of a welding point (8) and protruding from these by protrusions (16).
27. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 26, caracterizada porque las varillas rectas trasversales (7) atraviesan de forma alterna los lazos externos (6) de la cercha (1) y tienen un diámetro entre 4mm y 6 mm.  27. The modular unit of claim 26, characterized in that the straight transverse rods (7) alternately cross the external loops (6) of the truss (1) and have a diameter between 4mm and 6mm.
28. La unidad modular de las reivindicaciones 26 y 27, caracterizada porque las varillas rectas trasversales (7), una vez que atraviesan los lazos externos (6) de las cerchas (1), sus salientes (16) se doblan hacia el interior de la unidad modular, ensamblando una con otra contigua, formando así los paneles de estructura espacial (9).  28. The modular unit of claims 26 and 27, characterized in that the transverse straight rods (7), once they cross the external loops (6) of the trusses (1), their projections (16) are folded into the interior of the modular unit, assembling with one another, forming the spatial structure panels (9).
29. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque la estructura espacial (9) es metálica.  29. The modular unit of claim 23, characterized in that the spatial structure (9) is metallic.
30. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 29, caracterizada porque el metal que conforma la estructura espacial (9) es acero, aluminio, cobre, bronce, titanio o aleaciones de los mismos. 30. The modular unit of claim 29, characterized in that the metal that forms the spatial structure (9) is steel, aluminum, copper, bronze, titanium or alloys thereof.
31. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque el nervometal (11) es de acero. 31. The modular unit of claim 23, characterized in that the nervometal (11) is made of steel.
32. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 31 , caracterizada porque el nervometal es de acero galvanizado.  32. The modular unit of claim 31, characterized in that the nervometal is made of galvanized steel.
33. La unidad modular de las reivindicaciones 30 a 32, caracterizada porque el nervometal (11) es opcionalmente en forma cilindrica o de plancha. 33. The modular unit of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that the nervometal (11) is optionally cylindrical or plate-shaped.
33. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 32, caracterizada porque si el nervometal (11) es forma de plancha, ésta presenta una costilla doble longitudinal (17) localizada en el centro de la misma.  33. The modular unit of claim 32, characterized in that if the nervometal (11) is plate-shaped, it has a longitudinal double rib (17) located in the center thereof.
34. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 33, caracterizada porque dicha costilla doble longitudinal (17) al cortarse el nervometal (11) en dos pedazos longitudinales idénticos para el recubrimiento del material de relleno (10), permite que los remates de los costados dispongan cada uno de una costilla final de refuerzo. 34. The modular unit of claim 33, characterized in that said longitudinal double rib (17) when cutting the rib (11) into two identical longitudinal pieces for the coating of the filling material (10), allows the ends of the sides to have each of a final rib of reinforcement.
35. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 23, caracterizada porque el material de relleno (10) es un material seleccionado del grupo que consiste de poliestireno, poliuretano, papel, cartón, piedra pómez o una mezcla de los mismos. 35. The modular unit of claim 23, characterized in that the filler material (10) is a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, polyurethane, paper, cardboard, pumice or a mixture thereof.
36. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 35, caracterizada porque el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno.  36. The modular unit of claim 35, characterized in that the filler material (10) is polystyrene.
37. La unidad modular de la reivindicación 36, caracterizada porque el material de relleno (10) es poliestireno expandido.  37. The modular unit of claim 36, characterized in that the filler material (10) is expanded polystyrene.
38. La unidad modular de las reivindicaciones 35 a 37, caracterizada porque el material de relleno es opcionalmente en forma cilindrica o de plancha.  38. The modular unit of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that the filling material is optionally cylindrical or plate-shaped.
39. Una cercha (1) que conforma la unidad modular de las reivindicaciones de la 23 a la 38, caracterizada porque comprende dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) y una varilla en forma de zigzag (4) entre los mismos, que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando lazos externos (6). 39. A truss (1) that forms the modular unit of claims 23 to 38, characterized in that it comprises two sides of straight rod (2,3) and a zigzag-shaped rod (4) between them, which The two sides of the straight rod (2,3) protrude, forming external loops (6).
40. La cercha (1 ) de la reivindicación 39, caracterizada porque la varilla en forma de zigzag (4) que sobresale los dos costados de varilla recta (2,3) formando los lazos externos (6), se une a dichos costados (2,3) mediante dos puntos de soldadura (5) en cada sitio de intersección. 40. The truss (1) of claim 39, characterized in that the zigzag-shaped rod (4) protruding the two sides of the straight rod (2,3) forming the external loops (6), it joins said sides (2,3) by two welding points (5) at each intersection site.
PCT/EC2012/000017 2011-02-03 2012-02-02 Construction system comprising panels having a spatial structure WO2012103895A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ECSP-11-10806 2011-02-03
ECSP11010806 ECSP11010806A (en) 2011-02-03 2011-02-03 CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF SPACE STRUCTURE PANELS WITH LACQUERED PARCHES AND MODULAR UNITS USED IN THE SAME

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1319838A (en) * 1970-05-12 1973-06-13 Anvar Frame work for use in constructing a structural element from concrete
ES2315154A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-03-16 Harley Resources, Inc Connected structural panels for buildings
GB2470084A (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-10 Blue Flag Housing Ltd Building panel comprising a reinforcing cage enclosing a low density core

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1319838A (en) * 1970-05-12 1973-06-13 Anvar Frame work for use in constructing a structural element from concrete
ES2315154A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2009-03-16 Harley Resources, Inc Connected structural panels for buildings
GB2470084A (en) * 2009-05-08 2010-11-10 Blue Flag Housing Ltd Building panel comprising a reinforcing cage enclosing a low density core

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