WO2009078692A1 - Construction system and method based on re-usable moulds for a formwork having a special semicurved shape - Google Patents

Construction system and method based on re-usable moulds for a formwork having a special semicurved shape Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009078692A1
WO2009078692A1 PCT/MX2008/000028 MX2008000028W WO2009078692A1 WO 2009078692 A1 WO2009078692 A1 WO 2009078692A1 MX 2008000028 W MX2008000028 W MX 2008000028W WO 2009078692 A1 WO2009078692 A1 WO 2009078692A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
semi
fiberglass
molds
construction
mold
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/MX2008/000028
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Francisco Santiago Yeomans Reyna
Delma Very Almada Navarro
Original Assignee
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from MXMX/A/2007/016077A external-priority patent/MX2007016077A/en
Application filed by Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey filed Critical Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
Publication of WO2009078692A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009078692A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/04—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for structures of spherical, spheroid or similar shape, or for cupola structures of circular or polygonal horizontal or vertical section; Inflatable forms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction system for the construction of houses or the like, which uses a plurality of novel fiberglass molds with semi-circular geometry,
  • Patents that have similarities or elements similar to the one proposed here may use materials such as metal, cement, wood, plastic, and even fiberglass, as is the case of US4159603 which refers to a circular structure consisting of panels curves for the walls, triangular panels for the ceiling and a central column to hold that unlike the application presented here does not carry light mortar or the panels are removed to be reused, that is to say they are the structure itself, in addition the shape is very different from the one proposed because they do not have the same geometry or use.
  • the US4232494 patent refers to curved panels for construction which carry inside the elements to make an electrical installation so that the wiring is hidden, the
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) hoses and interconnection boxes, in addition to carrying a fireproof element to avoid shorts, but once again the panels are part of the construction and remain fixed, that is, they are not reusable as those proposed in this patent application.
  • US4915345 is a curved structure for building concrete walls with a radius of 5 inches. This structure includes a series of curved metal panels assembled side by side, that is, they are placed with some separation and the concrete is poured in the middle, and when removed, a regular concrete wall is curved, and this is its main difference with respect to the patent requested in this technical report, since although these panels are reusable, they are made of metal and do not use light mortar, which is why they are completely different.
  • US number 2002/0059777 Al refers to the use of thin sheets of opaque or transparent plastic to construct curved structures, which are divided into sections by a computer program so it is different from what is proposed in this memory since the molds are not reusable and can vary in shape, in addition, they remain part of the final structure in the construction.
  • the international publication WO 2007/104147 Al is similar to the structure of this patent, but the material of this structure and its construction panels is based on plastics, joined together by a tubular structure that gives rigidity to The whole assembly, and although it is reusable, is not the same application, it differs in that what is proposed in this patent application is the mold on which the material is applied, it is allowed to dry and then it is removed and the structure is not the mold in yes.
  • a mold can be used for various constructions.
  • the molds for construction have the quality of being reusable, so once the mortar has dried, they are removed and immediately they can be used in the construction of other homes, presenting the advantage that if they crack or break any, these molds can be repaired quickly due to the easy handling of fiberglass
  • a possible field of application for This constructive method is in places where there is no easy access such as road or an access road for vehicles, without which it is difficult to transport bricks, partitions, or any material of
  • Patent number NL / a / 2005/000073 consists of a permanent metal formwork for structures with a straight surface whose main characteristic is that it uses one or more straight metal panels from among the following: Ridge panel, Straight roof panel, Curved panel corner, straight panel at base, end panel or bracing. These panels, when assembled, form a metal structure that is the support of the dwelling, but unlike the present invention, said structure remains embedded in the mortar or concrete used in the same.
  • patent number MX / a / 2007/012261 presents a removable pneumatic formwork for constructions with a curved surface and its construction method, where this pneumatic formwork has the advantage that after applying the mortar it can be recovered and is susceptible to being reused. , such as the present invention, but I will say this because only dome-type housing can be built; and does not use molds such as this proposal.
  • the MX / a / 2007/012262 patent presents a permanent metal formwork for curved surface structures comprising one or more curved metal panels, which can be: regular, window or door, formed of tubular profiles, which although they carry Electro-welded mesh to give the necessary support to the walls of the house, differs from the present invention because only dome-type houses can be built, in addition to the fact that curved metal panels are a structural part of the house forming a permanent part of the structure, so the panels are not reusable,
  • FIGURES Figure 1 Isometric view of the system and construction method based on reusable fiberglass molds for special semi-circular geometry formwork.
  • Figure 2 Isometric view of the construction system with the curved reinforced side molds.
  • Figure 3 Isometric view of the curved side fiberglass mold.
  • Figure 4. Schematic representation of the central mold.
  • Figure S Schematic representation of the mold with window preparation.
  • Figure 6 Schematic representation of the mold with door preparation.
  • FIG. 1 Top view of the roof slab with assembled molds.
  • Figure 8. Schematic representation of the foundation slab components.
  • Figure 9. Top view of the reinforced foundation slab and before emptying.
  • Figure 10 Cross section of the foundation slab after emptying.
  • Figure 12 Isometric view of the flown before the application of the structural light mortar.
  • the present invention is a construction system for the construction of houses with molds, as illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the proposed system and construction method comprises the integration of various molds for the construction of houses which are made of a composite material preferably fiber of glass, in addition to having the advantage that they are reusable for the construction of other spaces or homes since these are not embedded and are not part of the final structure of the house to be built;
  • Figures 3,4,5,6 present the different types of molds to be used in the construction of the house which were denominated according to their location as: curved side mold, central mold, mold with window preparation and mold with door preparation respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows an isometric view of the curved side mold and it is important to note that the design of this curved side mold is intended to form the first half of a roof type
  • Each central mold is in one piece, its geometric shape is pentagonal, at its base it preferably measures 202.5 cm., two of its sides form a right angle to the base, and the two remaining sides, join forming the upper part of the mold to give a design to the housing "two waters", the union of the two sides that form the upper part of the central mold type "two waters" to the floor has the point of highest reference, which measures 303 cm. with respect to the base of the mold.
  • the Mold with Window Preparation ( Figure 5): The mold with window preparation is in one piece, bordering on one of its lateral ends with a central mold, and on the other with a curved side mold, adopting in its upper end the curved shape of the curved side mold and its base preferably measures 190.5 cm. From the side to which it joins the central mold and at a height of approximately 91.5 cm. have the
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) hole for the window which is square, 100.5 cm. per side and open end that is attached to the central mold.
  • the Mold with Door Preparation ( Figure 6): The mold with door preparation is in one piece, in one of its lateral ends it is in contact with a central mold and in the other with a curved side mold, adopting in its upper end the shape of the curved side mold. Approximately 96 cm. with respect to the part of bottom (base) that is united to the curved lateral mold it has an angle of 90 ° which rises approximately 190.5 cm. which will be the height of the door of the house, at that height the door width of approximately 94.5 cm is extended. in the direction of the central mold.
  • Figure 7 shows a top view of the ceiling when two at least two curved side molds (1) are assembled and are joined side by side or face to face, but always eyebrow (2) with eyebrow, to align the holes (3) and screws with nut are placed to stiffen the structure before the application of the light structural mortar, the plurality of anchor rod (5) themselves that are used to anchor an electro-welded reinforcement mesh (X) that will cover can also be observed The whole house.
  • Figure 8 shows the components of the foundation slab, which are:
  • An electro-welded mesh plate (4) • An electro-welded mesh plate (4). • A plurality of 3/8 inch anchor rods (5) that are attached to the foundation castle by hooks and annealed wire.
  • Figure 9 shows the foundation slab before the emptying of the concrete in which the components can be seen and how they are joined together so that the method has a solid base before starting the construction of the house.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-section of the foundation slab after the emptying of the concrete in which you can see how the elements of the foundation slab are after the emptying of concrete and you can see the anchor rods (5) that they are 50cm apart from each other around the perimeter of the slab of
  • FIG. 11 shows a view of the construction system based on fiberglass molds when the molds are placed and fixed on the foundation slab and the housing is completely covered with the double welded mesh reinforcement (9) and It is attached to the anchor rods (5) that are around the perimeter of the foundation slab.
  • the first piece (7) measures 1.1 Ohm and joins in the part that goes to the ceiling, leaving 40cm of straight section after the wall.
  • the second piece (8) is tied 30cm to the wall and bends twice to support the first piece (7).
  • the pieces (7) and (8) are connected by means of a tie with annealed wire.
  • This consists of a trench preferably 30cm wide by 20cm deep where the dala is carved to give a good grip on the ground to the foundation slab and to hold the anchors that will be the support of the construction walls. d) Insulation of the foundation of the foundation slab. e) Bending the foundation slab.
  • the borders must be elements strong enough to contain the emptying of concrete (for example, wood), these borders will be supported with stakes every 50 cm in their outer perimeter, and will be responsible for containing the thrust of the emptying. f) Assembling the foundation slab.
  • the assembly of the foundation dala is located inside the ditch, where 4 steel rods should be placed, preferably 3/8 inch in diameter and 2 wire stirrups preferably No.2 of 15x17 cm. Approximately 15 centimeters apart to assemble the dala castle, at the corners the converging castle segments must be made continuous by overlapping the longitudinal steel of either of the two at least 40 cm. within the second convergent segment, thus improving the structural behavior of the system, the coating between the reinforcement steel of the castle and the ground must be at least 7cm to avoid possible corrosion by soil moisture.
  • the welded mesh is placed, preferably 66-66 over the entire surface of the firm, including the perimeter benches.
  • This mesh must be tied to the perimeter chain using galvanized wire in sections of at least 30 cm., Fitting 5 cm. on the surface of the compacted soil.
  • the presentation of the mesh has a different width from the surface to be covered with it, so it is recommended to overlap at least 2 complete frames between mesh segments to ensure the structural continuity of the firm.
  • the mesh can be replaced by a rod pan every 20 cm.
  • the anchors used in this system are rods of at least 3/8 of an inch at every 50cm, in the entire perimeter of the base. These rods should not be located on the outside of the dala but 8 cm. towards the center to give enough space to the formwork and the structure of the house. In addition Each rod should be bent into a "u" (standard 180 ° hook) at its end
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) lower and tie to the dala with wire rod. These anchors must leave 50cm from the level of the firm to facilitate the attachment of the structure of the Tecnovivienda.
  • the formwork consists of a plurality of prefabricated molds for fiberglass construction, which are joined along the foundation slab and are temporarily supported with struts at each meter in its central part. These struts (or bars) of approximately 10xlcm, support the support beam (or pollen) of approximately 5xlcm that goes along the entire structure, and it is the latter that receives and channels the weight of the formwork and structure in the construction process.
  • Said plurality of construction molds is located inside the rods that come from the foundation, the fiberglass molds are joined together with torruller ⁇ a by aligning their eyebrows (2) with holes (3) located at the sides and in front of each mold. k) Reinforcement Reinforcement.
  • This assembly consists of a double outer covering of welded mesh around the entire structure of the Tecnovivienda, the two meshes must be anchored with the borders and with each other with approximately 40cm of wire.
  • Flying Arm To build the flown, you need 2 pieces of the same mesh, where:
  • the first piece (7) (1.1 Om) is attached to the ceiling and continues straight 40cm approximately after the wall.
  • the second piece (8) joins the 30cm wall mesh and must be folded twice to give the necessary support to the other piece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a construction system providing an alternative dwelling solution known as Tecnovivienda, which is a flexible, simple system that can be constructed in different dimensions depending on the prefabricated formwork. The invention consists of re-usable fibreglass moulds which reduce the dwelling construction time to six days. The invention has a special semicurved shape which can withstand climate changes and variable temperatures, as well as wind, rain and dry climates, and which is designed to withstand natural phenomena, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and storms to name but a few. In addition, the construction method is relatively simple for a person with a basic knowledge of the field and, as such, is advantageous in that it can be carried out by a small number of people (self-construction), which reduces expenses and enables more people to own a home that will provide protection against adverse weather conditions.

Description

SISTEMA Y MÉTODO CONSTRUCTIVO A BASE DE MOLDES REUTELIZABLES PARA CIMBRA DE GEOMETRÍA ESPECIAL SEMICURVA. SYSTEM AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD BASED ON REUTELIZABLE MOLDS FOR SEMICURVA SPECIAL GEOMETRY CIMBRA.
DESCRIPCIÓNDESCRIPTION
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN La presente invención se refiere a un sistema constructivo para la edificación de viviendas o similares, el cual utiliza una pluralidad de novedosos moldes de fibra de vidrio con geometría semicurva,OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a construction system for the construction of houses or the like, which uses a plurality of novel fiberglass molds with semi-circular geometry,
ANTECEDENTES Por naturaleza, el ser humano siempre busca tener un lugar para resguardarse de las inclemencias del tiempo, un lugar dónde descansar y proteger a su familia, así como guardar sus pertenencias.BACKGROUND By nature, the human being always seeks to have a place to protect himself from the weather, a place to rest and protect his family, as well as to keep his belongings.
El desarrollo del sistema constructivo motivo de esta invención, responde a la necesidad de construir en menor tiempo y bajo costo una vivienda, y con esto contribuir a abatir el déficit de vivienda de interés social, procurando siempre mantener la calidad de la vivienda.The development of the constructive system motive of this invention, responds to the need to build a house in less time and low cost, and with this contribute to reduce the housing deficit of social interest, always trying to maintain the quality of housing.
La construcción de viviendas en general es un proceso que requiere de un tiempo relativamente largo de por lo menos un mes ya que tienen losa o piso de concreto, en cambio este sistema ofrece un tiempo de construcción mínimo, con un proceso sencillo y entendible para la mayoría de las personas con conocimientos básicos de construcción.The construction of houses in general is a process that requires a relatively long time of at least one month since they have concrete slab or floor, instead this system offers a minimum construction time, with a simple and understandable process for Most people with basic construction skills.
Las patentes que presentan similitudes o elementos parecidos con la aquí propuesta pueden utilizar materiales como metal, cemento, madera, plástico, e inclusive fibra de vidrio también como es el caso de la patente US4159603 la cual refiere una estructura de forma circular que consta de paneles curvos para las paredes, paneles triangulares para el techo y una columna central para sostenerse que a diferencia de la solicitud aquí presentada no lleva mortero ligero ni se retiran los paneles para ser reutilizados, es decir son en sí la estructura, además la forma es muy diferente al propuesto ya que no presentan la misma geometría ni el mismo uso. La patente US4232494 se refiere a paneles curvos para construcción los cuales llevan en su interior los elementos para hacer una instalación eléctrica de forma tal que queden ocultos el cableado, lasPatents that have similarities or elements similar to the one proposed here may use materials such as metal, cement, wood, plastic, and even fiberglass, as is the case of US4159603 which refers to a circular structure consisting of panels curves for the walls, triangular panels for the ceiling and a central column to hold that unlike the application presented here does not carry light mortar or the panels are removed to be reused, that is to say they are the structure itself, in addition the shape is very different from the one proposed because they do not have the same geometry or use. The US4232494 patent refers to curved panels for construction which carry inside the elements to make an electrical installation so that the wiring is hidden, the
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) mangueras y las cajas de interconexión, además de llevar un elemento a prueba de fuego para evitar cortos, pero una vez más los paneles son parte de la construcción y se quedan fijos, es decir no son reutilizables como los propuestos en esta solicitud de patente. La patente US4915345 es una estructura curva para construir paredes de concreto con un radio de 5 pulgadas. Dicha estructura incluye una serie de paneles metálicos curvos ensamblados en forma lado a lado, es decir se colocan con cierta separación y se vierte el concreto en medio, y al ser retiradas queda una pared de concreto regular de forma curva, y es esta su principal diferencia respecto a la patente solicitada en esta memoria técnica, ya que aunque estos paneles si son reutilizables, son de metal y no utilizan mortero ligero, es por esto que son completamente diferentes. La aplicación de patente de número US 2002/0059777 Al refiere el uso de hojas delgadas de plástico opaco o transparente para construir estructuras curvas, las cuales son divididas en secciones mediante un programa de computación por lo que es distinto a lo que se propone en esta memoria ya que no son reutilizables los moldes y pueden variar de forma, además, se quedan formando parte de la estructura final en la construcción. La publicación internacional WO 2007/104147 Al guarda una similitud con la forma de la estructura de esta patente, pero el material de esta estructura y sus paneles de construcción es a base de plásticos, unidos entre si mediante una estructura tubular que le da rigidez a todo el conjunto, y aunque es reutilizable no es la misma aplicación, difiere en que lo propuesto en esta solicitud de patente es el molde sobre el cual de aplica el material, se deja secar y posteriormente se retira y no es el molde la estructura en sí. Es parte de un sistema para construir edificaciones, en la cual un molde puede ser utilizado para varias construcciones, En la presente invención los moldes para construcción tienen la cualidad de ser reutilizables, por lo que una vez que se ha secado el mortero, se retiran e inmediatamente pueden ser utilizados en la construcción de otras viviendas, presentando la ventaja de que si se cuartean o se llega a romper alguno, éstos moldes pueden ser reparados de manera rápida debido al fácil manejo de la fibra de vidrio Un posible campo de aplicación para este método constructivo es en lugares donde no se cuenta con un acceso fácil tal como carretera o un camino de acceso para vehículos, sin los cuales es difícil transportar ladrillos, tabiques, o cualquier material deSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) hoses and interconnection boxes, in addition to carrying a fireproof element to avoid shorts, but once again the panels are part of the construction and remain fixed, that is, they are not reusable as those proposed in this patent application. US4915345 is a curved structure for building concrete walls with a radius of 5 inches. This structure includes a series of curved metal panels assembled side by side, that is, they are placed with some separation and the concrete is poured in the middle, and when removed, a regular concrete wall is curved, and this is its main difference with respect to the patent requested in this technical report, since although these panels are reusable, they are made of metal and do not use light mortar, which is why they are completely different. The patent application of US number 2002/0059777 Al refers to the use of thin sheets of opaque or transparent plastic to construct curved structures, which are divided into sections by a computer program so it is different from what is proposed in this memory since the molds are not reusable and can vary in shape, in addition, they remain part of the final structure in the construction. The international publication WO 2007/104147 Al is similar to the structure of this patent, but the material of this structure and its construction panels is based on plastics, joined together by a tubular structure that gives rigidity to The whole assembly, and although it is reusable, is not the same application, it differs in that what is proposed in this patent application is the mold on which the material is applied, it is allowed to dry and then it is removed and the structure is not the mold in yes. It is part of a system for building buildings, in which a mold can be used for various constructions. In the present invention the molds for construction have the quality of being reusable, so once the mortar has dried, they are removed and immediately they can be used in the construction of other homes, presenting the advantage that if they crack or break any, these molds can be repaired quickly due to the easy handling of fiberglass A possible field of application for This constructive method is in places where there is no easy access such as road or an access road for vehicles, without which it is difficult to transport bricks, partitions, or any material of
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) construcción en general Con este método se reduce el material a transportar, además de que una vez llevados los moldes se pueden usar varías veces reduciendo aún más la cantidad de material al mismo tiempo que se construyen más viviendas. La patente de numero NL/a/2005/000073 consiste en una cimbra metálica permanente para estructuras con superficie recta que tiene como característica principal que utiliza uno o más paneles metálicos rectos de entre los siguientes: Panel cumbrera, Panel recto de techo, Panel curvo de esquina, Panel recto en base, Panel extremo o arriostrado. Estos paneles al ser armados forman una estructura metálica que es el soporte de la vivienda, pero a diferencia de la presente invención dicha estructura se queda embebida en el mortero o concreto utilizado en el zarpeo de la misma.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) construction in general With this method the material to be transported is reduced, in addition to the fact that once the molds are carried, they can be used several times, reducing even more the amount of material while building more houses. Patent number NL / a / 2005/000073 consists of a permanent metal formwork for structures with a straight surface whose main characteristic is that it uses one or more straight metal panels from among the following: Ridge panel, Straight roof panel, Curved panel corner, straight panel at base, end panel or bracing. These panels, when assembled, form a metal structure that is the support of the dwelling, but unlike the present invention, said structure remains embedded in the mortar or concrete used in the same.
Así mismo la patente número MX/a/2007/012261 presenta una cimbra neumática removible para construcciones con superficie curva y su método de construcción, donde esta cimbra neumática, tiene la ventaja que después de aplicar el mortero puede recuperarse y es susceptible a ser reutilizada, tal como la presente invención, pero diñere de esta porque solo pueden construirse viviendas tipo domo; y no utiliza moldes tal como esta propuesta.Likewise, patent number MX / a / 2007/012261 presents a removable pneumatic formwork for constructions with a curved surface and its construction method, where this pneumatic formwork has the advantage that after applying the mortar it can be recovered and is susceptible to being reused. , such as the present invention, but I will say this because only dome-type housing can be built; and does not use molds such as this proposal.
La patente MX/a/2007/012262 presenta una cimbra metálica permanente para estructuras con superficie curva que comprende uno o más paneles metálicos curvos, los cuales pueden ser: regular, de ventana o de puerta, formados de perfiles tubulares, los cuales aunque llevan malla electrosoldada para dar el soporte necesario a los muros de la vivienda, difiere de la presente invención pues solo pueden construirse viviendas tipo domo, además de que los paneles metálicos curvos son parte estructural de la vivienda formando parte permanente de la estructura, por lo que los paneles no son reutilizable,The MX / a / 2007/012262 patent presents a permanent metal formwork for curved surface structures comprising one or more curved metal panels, which can be: regular, window or door, formed of tubular profiles, which although they carry Electro-welded mesh to give the necessary support to the walls of the house, differs from the present invention because only dome-type houses can be built, in addition to the fact that curved metal panels are a structural part of the house forming a permanent part of the structure, so the panels are not reusable,
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) lo cual es una de las ventajas que presenta la invención aquí propuesta respecto a los elementos existentes en el estado del arte.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) which is one of the advantages presented by the invention proposed here with respect to the elements existing in the state of the art.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS Figura 1. Vista isométrica del sistema y método constructivo a base de moldes de fibra de vidrio reutilizables para cimbra de geometría especial semicurva.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1. Isometric view of the system and construction method based on reusable fiberglass molds for special semi-circular geometry formwork.
Figura 2. Vista isométrica el sistema constructivo con los moldes laterales curvos armados.Figure 2. Isometric view of the construction system with the curved reinforced side molds.
Figura 3. Vista isométrica del molde lateral curvo de fibra de vidrio. Figura 4. Representación esquemática del molde central.Figure 3. Isometric view of the curved side fiberglass mold. Figure 4. Schematic representation of the central mold.
Figura S Representación esquemática del molde con preparación para ventana.Figure S Schematic representation of the mold with window preparation.
Figura 6. Representación esquemática del molde con preparación para puerta.Figure 6. Schematic representation of the mold with door preparation.
Figura 7. Vista superior de la losa de azotea con los moldes ensamblados.Figure 7. Top view of the roof slab with assembled molds.
Figura 8. Representación esquemática de los componentes de la losa de cimentación. Figura 9. Vista superior de la losa de cimentación armada y antes del vaciado.Figure 8. Schematic representation of the foundation slab components. Figure 9. Top view of the reinforced foundation slab and before emptying.
Figura 10. Corte transversal de la losa de cimentación después del vaciado.Figure 10. Cross section of the foundation slab after emptying.
Figura 11. Vista isométrica de la cimbra armada y colocación del armado de refuerzoFigure 11. Isometric view of the reinforced formwork and reinforcement assembly
Figura 12. Vista isométrica del volado antes de la aplicación del mortero ligero estructural.Figure 12. Isometric view of the flown before the application of the structural light mortar.
DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
La presente invención es un sistema constructivo para la edificación de viviendas con moldes, tal como lo ilustra la figura 1. El sistema y método constructivo propuestos comprende la integración de diversos moldes para la edificación de viviendas los que son fabricados de un material compuesto preferentemente fibra de vidrio, además de tener la ventaja que son reutilizables para la construcción de otros espacios o viviendas ya que estos no quedan embebidos y no forman parte de la estructura definitiva de la vivienda a construir; Las figuras 3,4,5,6 presentan los diferentes tipos de moldes a utilizar en la construcción de la vivienda los cuales fueron denominados según su ubicación como: molde lateral curvo, molde central, molde con preparación para ventana y molde con preparación para puerta respectivamente.The present invention is a construction system for the construction of houses with molds, as illustrated in Figure 1. The proposed system and construction method comprises the integration of various molds for the construction of houses which are made of a composite material preferably fiber of glass, in addition to having the advantage that they are reusable for the construction of other spaces or homes since these are not embedded and are not part of the final structure of the house to be built; Figures 3,4,5,6 present the different types of molds to be used in the construction of the house which were denominated according to their location as: curved side mold, central mold, mold with window preparation and mold with door preparation respectively.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) A continuación se describen cada uno de los moldes. a) El Molde Lateral Curvo: es de una sola pieza, y se pueden apreciar dos secciones; la primer sección que forma la base del molde es rectangular y su base de menor longitud esta en contacto con el suelo formando un ángulo recto y la segunda sección ubicada sobre la primer sección es semicurva. Además este molde, tiene en todo su contorno (excepto en la base unida al suelo), una ceja (2) preferentemente deSUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Each of the molds is described below. a) The Curved Lateral Mold: it is in one piece, and two sections can be seen; The first section that forms the base of the mold is rectangular and its base of smaller length is in contact with the ground at a right angle and the second section located on the first section is semi-curved. In addition, this mold has, in all its contour (except in the base attached to the ground), an eyebrow (2) preferably of
5 cm. orientada hacia el interior de la curvatura del molde lateral curvo, y en la ceja se localizan una pluralidad de orificios (3) para la sujeción del molde lateral curvo mediante tornillos con los moldes adyacentes de iguales características o moldes con preparación para ventana, puerta, además cuando se unen dos moldes laterales curvos, estos a su vez se pueden unir a un molde central. La figura 3 muestra una vista isométrica del molde lateral curvo y es importante destacar que el diseño de este molde lateral curvo tiene la finalidad de formar la primer mitad de un techo tipo5 cm oriented towards the inside of the curvature of the curved lateral mold, and in the eyebrow a plurality of holes (3) for the fastening of the curved lateral mold are located by means of screws with adjacent molds of the same characteristics or molds with preparation for window, door, also when two curved side molds are joined, these in turn can be joined to a central mold. Figure 3 shows an isometric view of the curved side mold and it is important to note that the design of this curved side mold is intended to form the first half of a roof type
"dos aguas" para evitar Ia acumulación de basura o agua en el techo de la vivienda construida con dichos moldes. b) El Molde Central (Figura 4): Cada molde central es de una sola pieza, su forma geométrica es pentagonal, en su base mide preferentemente 202.5 cm., dos de sus lados forman un ángulo recto respecto a la base, y los dos lados restantes, se unen formando la parte superior del molde para dar un diseño a la vivienda tipo "dos aguas", de la unión de los dos lados que forman la parte superior del molde central tipo "dos aguas" al piso se tiene el punto de referencia más alto, el cual mide que mide 303 cm. respecto a la base del molde. Este molde colinda por sus extremos laterales con un molde con preparación para ventana y un molde con preparación para puerta, o dos moldes con preparación para ventana, o dos moldes con preparación para puerta, y por su extremo superior se une al extremo superior lateral de dos moldes laterales curvos adyacentes. d) El Molde con Preparación para Ventana (Figura 5): El molde con preparación para ventana es de una sola pieza, colinda en uno de sus extremos laterales con un molde central, y en el otro con un molde lateral curvo, adoptando en su extremo superior la forma curva del molde lateral curvo y su base mide preferentemente 190.5 cm. Del lado al que se une al molde central y a una altura de aproximadamente 91.5 cm. tiene el"two waters" to avoid the accumulation of garbage or water on the roof of the house built with said molds. b) The Central Mold (Figure 4): Each central mold is in one piece, its geometric shape is pentagonal, at its base it preferably measures 202.5 cm., two of its sides form a right angle to the base, and the two remaining sides, join forming the upper part of the mold to give a design to the housing "two waters", the union of the two sides that form the upper part of the central mold type "two waters" to the floor has the point of highest reference, which measures 303 cm. with respect to the base of the mold. This mold adjoins its side ends with a mold with window preparation and a mold with door preparation, or two molds with window preparation, or two molds with door preparation, and by its upper end joins the upper side end of two adjacent curved side molds. d) The Mold with Window Preparation (Figure 5): The mold with window preparation is in one piece, bordering on one of its lateral ends with a central mold, and on the other with a curved side mold, adopting in its upper end the curved shape of the curved side mold and its base preferably measures 190.5 cm. From the side to which it joins the central mold and at a height of approximately 91.5 cm. have the
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) orificio para la ventana el cual es cuadrado, de 100.5 cm. por lado y abierto del extremo que va unido al molde central.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) hole for the window which is square, 100.5 cm. per side and open end that is attached to the central mold.
e) El Molde con Preparación para Puerta (Figura 6): El molde con preparación para puerta es de una pieza, en uno de sus extremos laterales esta en contacto con un molde central y en el otro con un molde lateral curvo, adoptando en su extremo superior la forma del molde lateral curvo. Aproximadamente a 96 cm. respecto a la parte de abajo (base) que va unida al molde lateral curvo tiene un ángulo de 90° el cual se alza aproximadamente 190.5 cm. que serán la altura de la puerta de la vivienda, a dicha altura se extiende el ancho de la puerta de aproximadamente 94.5 cm. en dirección al molde central.e) The Mold with Door Preparation (Figure 6): The mold with door preparation is in one piece, in one of its lateral ends it is in contact with a central mold and in the other with a curved side mold, adopting in its upper end the shape of the curved side mold. Approximately 96 cm. with respect to the part of bottom (base) that is united to the curved lateral mold it has an angle of 90 ° which rises approximately 190.5 cm. which will be the height of the door of the house, at that height the door width of approximately 94.5 cm is extended. in the direction of the central mold.
La figura 7 muestra una vista superior del techo cuando se ensamblan ai menos dos moldes laterales curvos (1) y que están unidos lado a lado ó frente a frente, pero siempre ceja (2) con ceja, para alinear así los agujeros (3) y se colocan tornillos con tuerca para dar rigidez a la estructura antes de la aplicación del mortero estructural ligero, también se pueden observar la pluralidad de varilla de anclaje (5) mismas que son utilizadas para anclar una malla de refuerzo electrosoldada (X) que cubrirá toda la vivienda. La figura 8 nos muestra los componentes de la losa de cimentación, los cuales son:Figure 7 shows a top view of the ceiling when two at least two curved side molds (1) are assembled and are joined side by side or face to face, but always eyebrow (2) with eyebrow, to align the holes (3) and screws with nut are placed to stiffen the structure before the application of the light structural mortar, the plurality of anchor rod (5) themselves that are used to anchor an electro-welded reinforcement mesh (X) that will cover can also be observed The whole house. Figure 8 shows the components of the foundation slab, which are:
• Una plancha de malla electrosoldada (4). • Una pluralidad de varillas de anclaje (5) de 3/8 de pulgada que van unidos al castillo de cimentación mediante ganchos y alambre recocido.• An electro-welded mesh plate (4). • A plurality of 3/8 inch anchor rods (5) that are attached to the foundation castle by hooks and annealed wire.
• Un castillo de cimentación (6) compuesto por 4 varillas de acero, de preferencia de 3/8 de pulgada de diámetro (fy=4,200 kg/cm2 ) y 2 estribos de alambrón de preferencia No.2 (fy = 2,800 kg/cm2 ) de 15x17 cm. Separados aproximadamente 15 centímetros.• A foundation castle (6) composed of 4 steel rods, preferably 3/8 inch in diameter (fy = 4,200 kg / cm 2 ) and 2 wire rod stirrups preferably No.2 (fy = 2,800 kg / cm 2 ) of 15x17 cm. Separated approximately 15 centimeters.
En la figura 9 se muestra Ia losa de cimentación antes del vaciado del concreto en la cual se puede apreciar los componentes y como van unidos entre sí para que el método tenga una base sólida antes de empezar la construcción de la vivienda. La figura 10 nos muestra un corte transversal de la losa de cimentación después del vaciado del concreto en la cual se puede ver cómo quedan los elementos de la losa de cimentación después del vaciado de concreto y se pueden apreciar las varillas de anclaje (5) que están separadas 50cm entre sí alrededor del perímetro de la losa deFigure 9 shows the foundation slab before the emptying of the concrete in which the components can be seen and how they are joined together so that the method has a solid base before starting the construction of the house. Figure 10 shows a cross-section of the foundation slab after the emptying of the concrete in which you can see how the elements of the foundation slab are after the emptying of concrete and you can see the anchor rods (5) that they are 50cm apart from each other around the perimeter of the slab of
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) cimentación, sobre las cuales se procederá posteriormente a amarrar la malla de refuerzo electrosoldada (9) ya que ésta es el soporte principal de los muros. En la figura 11 se aprecia una vista del sistema constructivo a base de moldes de fibra de vidrio cuando están colocados y fijados los moldes sobre la losa de cimentación y se comienza a cubrir totalmente la vivienda con la doble malla de refuerzo electrosoldada (9) y se amarra a las varillas de anclaje (5) que se encuentran alrededor del perímetro de la losa de cimentación.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) foundation, on which the electro-welded reinforcement mesh (9) will then be tied as this is the main support of the walls. Figure 11 shows a view of the construction system based on fiberglass molds when the molds are placed and fixed on the foundation slab and the housing is completely covered with the double welded mesh reinforcement (9) and It is attached to the anchor rods (5) that are around the perimeter of the foundation slab.
En la figura 12 se puede apreciar la vivienda con su volado, el cual va colocado sobre la malla de refuerzo que cubre el molde lateral curvo, entre la parte semicurva y la parte recta y a lo largo de los extremos de la vivienda y es conformado de dos piezas de malla electrosoldada:In figure 12 you can see the house with its ruffled, which is placed on the reinforcement mesh that covers the curved side mold, between the semi-curved part and the straight part and along the ends of the house and is shaped Two pieces of welded mesh:
• La primera pieza (7) mide 1.1Om y se une en la parte que va hacia el techo, dejando 40cm de tramo recto después de la pared.• The first piece (7) measures 1.1 Ohm and joins in the part that goes to the ceiling, leaving 40cm of straight section after the wall.
• La segunda pieza (8) va amarrada 30cm a la pared y se dobla 2 veces para dar soporte a la primera pieza (7).• The second piece (8) is tied 30cm to the wall and bends twice to support the first piece (7).
Las piezas (7) y (8) van unidas mediante un amarre con alambre recocido.The pieces (7) and (8) are connected by means of a tie with annealed wire.
A continuación se presenta el Método de construcción a base de moldes reutilizables para cimbra de geometría especial semicurva con el sistema propuesto, el cual consiste en los siguientes pasos: a) Preparación del Terreno.Below is the Construction Method based on reusable molds for special semi-circular geometry with the proposed system, which consists of the following steps: a) Land Preparation.
• Limpieza.• Cleaning.
• Nivelación.• Leveling.
• Compactación. b) Trazo de ejes. c) Excavación.• Compaction. b) Trace of axes. c) Excavation.
Esta consiste en una zanja de preferencia de 30cm de ancho por 20cm de profundidad donde va calzada la dala para dar un buen agarre en el terreno a la losa de cimentación y para sostener las anclas que serán el soporte de los muros de la construcción. d) Aislamiento de la base de la losa de cimentación. e) Cimbrado de la losa de cimentación.This consists of a trench preferably 30cm wide by 20cm deep where the dala is carved to give a good grip on the ground to the foundation slab and to hold the anchors that will be the support of the construction walls. d) Insulation of the foundation of the foundation slab. e) Bending the foundation slab.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) Una vez aislada la base de la losa de cimentación, se colocan las fronteras que delimitan el cimbrado del -firme,SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Once the foundation of the foundation slab is isolated, the borders that delimit the bending of the firm are placed,
Las fronteras deben ser elementos lo suficientemente resistentes para contener el vaciado de concreto (por ejemplo madera), dichas fronteras se soportaran con estacas a cada 50cms en su perímetro exterior, y serán las encargadas de contener el empuje dei vaciado. f) Armado de la losa de cimentación.The borders must be elements strong enough to contain the emptying of concrete (for example, wood), these borders will be supported with stakes every 50 cm in their outer perimeter, and will be responsible for containing the thrust of the emptying. f) Assembling the foundation slab.
• Dala.• Give it.
El armado de la dala de cimentación se ubica dentro de la zanja, donde se deben poner 4 varillas de acero, de preferencia de 3/8 de pulgada de diámetro y 2 estribos de alambren de preferencia No.2 de 15x17 cm. Separados aproximadamente 15 centímetros para hacer el armado del castillo de la dala, en las esquinas los segmentos del castillo convergentes deben hacerse continuos traslapando el acero longitudinal de cualquiera de los dos al menos 40 cm. dentro del segundo segmento convergente, mejorando así el comportamiento estructural del sistema, El recubrimiento entre el acero del refuerzo del castillo y el suelo debe ser cuando menos de 7cm para evitar la posible corrosión por la humedad del suelo.The assembly of the foundation dala is located inside the ditch, where 4 steel rods should be placed, preferably 3/8 inch in diameter and 2 wire stirrups preferably No.2 of 15x17 cm. Approximately 15 centimeters apart to assemble the dala castle, at the corners the converging castle segments must be made continuous by overlapping the longitudinal steel of either of the two at least 40 cm. within the second convergent segment, thus improving the structural behavior of the system, the coating between the reinforcement steel of the castle and the ground must be at least 7cm to avoid possible corrosion by soil moisture.
• Malla.• Mesh.
Se coloca la malla electrosoldada, de preferencia 66-66 en toda la superficie del firme, incluyendo las banquetas perimetrales. Esta malla se debe amarrar a la cadena perimetral usando alambre galvanizado en tramos de al menos 30 cm., calzándose 5 cm. sobre la superficie del terreno compactado. Generalmente la presentación de la malla tiene un ancho diferente del de la superficie a cubrir con esta, por lo que se recomienda traslapar al menos 2 cuadros completos entre segmentos de malla para garantizar la continuidad estructural del firme. De manera alternativa, la malla puede sustituirse por una panilla de varilla a cada 20 cm.The welded mesh is placed, preferably 66-66 over the entire surface of the firm, including the perimeter benches. This mesh must be tied to the perimeter chain using galvanized wire in sections of at least 30 cm., Fitting 5 cm. on the surface of the compacted soil. Generally, the presentation of the mesh has a different width from the surface to be covered with it, so it is recommended to overlap at least 2 complete frames between mesh segments to ensure the structural continuity of the firm. Alternatively, the mesh can be replaced by a rod pan every 20 cm.
• Anclas.• Anchors.
Las anclas que se utilizan en este sistema son varillas de por Io menos 3/8 de pulgada a cada 50cm, en todo el perímetro de la base. Estas varillas no se deben ubicar en la parte exterior de la dala sino 8 cm. hacia el centro para dar espacio suficiente a la cimbra y la estructura de la vivienda. Además Cada varilla deberá doblarse en "u" (gancho estándar de 180°) en su extremoThe anchors used in this system are rods of at least 3/8 of an inch at every 50cm, in the entire perimeter of the base. These rods should not be located on the outside of the dala but 8 cm. towards the center to give enough space to the formwork and the structure of the house. In addition Each rod should be bent into a "u" (standard 180 ° hook) at its end
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) inferior y amarrarse a la dala con alambren. Estas anclas deberán salir 50cm del nivel del firme para facilitar el amarre de la estructura de la Tecnovivienda. g) Preparación de Concreto de Losa de Cimentación, h) Colado de Firme. i) Afine de Firme. j) Armado de Cimbra.SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) lower and tie to the dala with wire rod. These anchors must leave 50cm from the level of the firm to facilitate the attachment of the structure of the Tecnovivienda. g) Preparation of Foundation Slab Concrete, h) Firm Casting. i) Affine Firm. j) Assembling of Formwork.
La cimbra se compone de una pluralidad de moldes prefabricados para construcción de fibra de vidrio, los cuales se unen a lo largo de la losa de cimentación y son soportados temporalmente con puntales a cada metro en su parte central. Estos puntales (o barrotes) de aproximadamente lOxlOcm, sostienen a la viga de soporte (o polín) de aproximadamente 5xlθcm que va a todo lo largo de la estructura, y es esta última la que recibe y canaliza el peso de la cimbra y la estructura en el proceso de construcción.The formwork consists of a plurality of prefabricated molds for fiberglass construction, which are joined along the foundation slab and are temporarily supported with struts at each meter in its central part. These struts (or bars) of approximately 10xlcm, support the support beam (or pollen) of approximately 5xlcm that goes along the entire structure, and it is the latter that receives and channels the weight of the formwork and structure in the construction process.
Dicha pluralidad de moldes para construcción se ubica al interior de las varillas que vienen de la cimentación, los moldes de fibra de vidrio se unen entre si con torrúllería mediante la alineación de sus cejas (2) con orificios (3) ubicadas a los costados y al frente de cada molde. k) Armado del Refuerzo.Said plurality of construction molds is located inside the rods that come from the foundation, the fiberglass molds are joined together with torrullería by aligning their eyebrows (2) with holes (3) located at the sides and in front of each mold. k) Reinforcement Reinforcement.
Este armado consiste en una doble cobertura exterior de malla electrosoldada alrededor de toda la estructura de la Tecnovivienda, las dos mallas deben ser ancladas con las fronteras y entre si con aproximadamente 40cm de alambre. 1) Armado de Volado. Para construir el volado se necesitan 2 piezas de la misma malla, donde:This assembly consists of a double outer covering of welded mesh around the entire structure of the Tecnovivienda, the two meshes must be anchored with the borders and with each other with approximately 40cm of wire. 1) Flying Arm. To build the flown, you need 2 pieces of the same mesh, where:
• La primer pieza (7) (de 1.1 Om) se une al techo y continúa de manera recta 40cm aproximadamente después de la pared.• The first piece (7) (1.1 Om) is attached to the ceiling and continues straight 40cm approximately after the wall.
• La segunda pieza (8) se une a la malla de la pared 30cm y debe doblarse en dos ocasiones para dar el soporte necesario a la otra pieza.• The second piece (8) joins the 30cm wall mesh and must be folded twice to give the necessary support to the other piece.
Estas piezas (7) y (8) se unen con alambre recocido. m) Armado de de Refuerzo de Ventanas y Puertas. Los muros de la parte frontal y trasera de la tecnovivienda deben ser armados con la doble malla electrosoldada, haciendo cortes para dejar los orificios necesarios para lasThese pieces (7) and (8) are joined with annealed wire. m) Reinforced Reinforcement of Windows and Doors. The walls of the front and back of the techno-housing must be armed with the double welded mesh, making cuts to leave the necessary holes for the
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

puertas y ventanas. Además la malla deberá salir 15cm aproximadamente de los límites para unirse con alambre a los muros y a las anclas de la losa. doors and windows. In addition the mesh should leave approximately 15cm from the limits to join with wire to the walls and to the anchors of the slab.
Este recubrimiento debe ser reforzado con un arreglo de varillas en posición vertical y horizontal, y además un bastón de la misma varilla en diagonal alrededor de los orificios realizados, como se ilustra en la figura 1 y antes de la aplicación de mortero estructural se debe colocar también tanto en la parte frontal como en la posterior los moldes (4,5,6) para contener al mortero en su lugar para formar el muro, los cuales llevan los orificios de acuerdo al armado de la malla electrosoldada y las varillas, esto es con la puerta y una ventana al frente y/o dos ventanas atrás. n) Aplicación (Zarpeo) de Mortero Ligero Exterior.This coating must be reinforced with an arrangement of vertical and horizontal rods, and also a stick of the same rod diagonally around the holes made, as illustrated in Figure 1 and before the application of structural mortar should be placed also both in the front and in the back the molds (4,5,6) to contain the mortar in place to form the wall, which carry the holes according to the assembly of the welded mesh and the rods, that is with the door and a window in front and / or two windows behind. n) Application (Sailing) of External Light Mortar.
El zarpeo consiste en arrojar la mezcla hacia la estructura, en capas de 1.5 cm. promedio hasta alcanzar un espesor de 7cm. Donde idealmente la malla se ubica al centro, y son 0.5cm de afine en cada cara. Se debe empezar el zarpeo de la estructura por la parte exterior de la Tecnovivienda, comenzando por la parte baja de los muros, para posteriormente pasar al zarpeo del techo de la estructura. o) Aplicación (Zarpeo) de Mortero Ligero Interior.Sailing consists of throwing the mixture towards the structure, in 1.5 cm layers. average to reach a thickness of 7cm. Where the mesh is ideally located in the center, and they are 0.5cm thin on each side. It is necessary to begin the sapping of the structure by the outer part of the Tecnovivienda, starting at the bottom of the walls, to later move on to the sailing of the roof of the structure. o) Application (Sailing) of Interior Light Mortar.
Una vez terminado el zarpeo del techo y endurecido el material, se retira la cimbra dejando algunos puntales y se aplica el afine por ambas caras. p) Aplicación de sellador en toda la superficie. q) Aplicación de Impermeabilizante elastométrico. r) Aplicación de Pintura vinil acrflica.Once the roof has been finished and the material hardened, the formwork is removed leaving some struts and the refinement is applied on both sides. p) Sealant application over the entire surface. q) Application of elastometric waterproofing. r) Application of acrylic vinyl paint.
REIVINDICACIONES
Habiendo descrito suficiente mi invención, considero como una novedad y por lo tanto reclamo como de mi exclusiva propiedad, lo contenido en las siguientes cláusulas:Having sufficiently described my invention, I consider as a novelty and therefore claim as my exclusive property, the content of the following clauses:
1. Una Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas caracterizada porque comprende uno o más moldes de entre los siguientes: a) molde lateral curvo, b) molde central,1. A glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries characterized in that it comprises one or more molds from the following: a) curved side mold, b) central mold,
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) c) molde con preparación para ventana, d) molde con preparación para puerta;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) c) mold with window preparation, d) mold with door preparation;
2. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes para construcción son fabricados con fibra de vidrio;2. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the construction molds are made of fiberglass;
3. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes para construcción son reutilizables y se pueden usar para construir más de una vivienda;3. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the construction molds are reusable and can be used to build more than one dwelling;
4. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de acuerdo a la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque el molde lateral curvo tiene las siguientes características:4. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the curved side mold has the following characteristics:
• es de una sola pieza,• It is one piece,
• se puede apreciar su geometría en dos secciones,• its geometry can be seen in two sections,
• tiene en todo su contorno (excepto en la base unida al suelo), una ceja (2) preferentemente de 5 cm. orientada hacia el interior de la curvatura del molde lateral curvo,• has a full eyebrow (2) preferably 5 cm. oriented inward of the curvature of the curved side mold,
• cuando se unen dos moldes laterales curvos, estos a su vez se pueden unir a un molde central,• when two curved side molds are joined, these in turn can be joined to a central mold,
• forman la primer mitad de un techo tipo "dos aguas" en el techo de la vivienda,• form the first half of a "two-water" roof on the roof of the house,
S. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la primer sección que se aprecia forma la base del molde lateral curvo, es rectangular y su base de menor longitud esta en contacto con el suelo formando un ángulo recto;S. The glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1, characterized in that the first section that can be seen forms the base of the curved side mold, is rectangular and its base of smaller length is in contact with the ground at a right angle;
6. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque la segunda6. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the second
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) sección que se aprecia en el molde lateral curvo esta ubicada sobre la primer sección y es semicurva;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) section that can be seen in the curved side mold is located on the first section and is semi-curved;
7. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque en la ceja que rodea el contorno de los moldes laterales curvos se localizan una pluralidad de orificios (3) para la sujeción del molde mediante tornillos con moldes adyacentes de iguales características o a moldes con preparación para ventana o puerta;7. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-curved geometry according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of holes (3) for holding the mold are located in the eyebrow that surrounds the contour of the curved side molds. by screws with adjacent molds of the same characteristics or molds with window or door preparation;
8. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes laterales curvos para construcción se ensamblan a partir de dos moldes colocándolos unidos lado a lado ó frente a frente, pero siempre ceja con ceja, para alinear los agujeros y colocar en ellos tornillos con tuerca;8. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the curved side molds for construction are assembled from two molds by placing them joined side by side or face to face, but always eyebrow with eyebrow, to align the holes and place in them screws with nut;
9. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes centrales tienen las siguientes características:9. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the central molds have the following characteristics:
• cada molde central es de una sola pieza, • su forma es pentagonal,• each central mold is in one piece, • its shape is pentagonal,
• dos de sus lados forman un ángulo recto respecto a la base, y los dos lados restantes, se unen formando la parte superior del molde como tipo "dos aguas",• two of its sides form a right angle to the base, and the two remaining sides are joined forming the upper part of the mold as a "two waters" type,
10. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque el molde central en su base mide preferentemente 202.5 cm.;10. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 6 characterized in that the central mold at its base preferably measures 202.5 cm .;
11. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque el molde central de la unión de los dos lados que forman la parte superior del molde central11. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 6 characterized in that the central mold of the union of the two sides that form the upper part of the central mold
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) tipo "dos aguas" al piso se tiene el punto de referencia más alto, el cual preferentemente mide 303 cm. respecto a la base del molde;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) type "two waters" to the floor has the highest reference point, which preferably measures 303 cm. with respect to the base of the mold;
12. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque el molde central colinda por sus extremos laterales con un molde con preparación para ventana y un molde con preparación para puerta, o dos moldes con preparación para ventana, o dos moldes con preparación para puerta;12. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 6 characterized in that the central mold adjoins its side ends with a window preparation mold and a door preparation mold, or two molds with window preparation, or two molds with door preparation;
13. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque el molde central por su extremo superior se une a el extremo superior lateral de dos moldes laterales curvos adyacentes;13. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 6 characterized in that the central mold at its upper end joins the upper side end of two adjacent curved side molds;
14. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes con preparación para ventana tienen las siguientes características:14. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the molds with window preparation have the following characteristics:
• son de una sola pieza,• are in one piece,
• colindan en sus extremos laterales con un molde central, y un molde lateral curvo,• they collide at their lateral ends with a central mold, and a curved lateral mold,
• adoptan en su extremo superior la forma curva del molde lateral curvo,• adopt at its upper end the curved shape of the curved side mold,
15. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 11 caracterizado porque el molde con preparación para ventana mide preferentemente en su base 190.5cm;15. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 11, characterized in that the mold with window preparation preferably measures at its base 190.5cm;
16 La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 11 caracterizado porque el molde con preparación para ventana se une a un molde central y a una altura de aproximadamente 91.5 cm. tiene el orificio para la ventana;The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 11, characterized in that the window preparation mold joins a central mold and at a height of approximately 91.5 cm. It has the hole for the window;
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
17. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 11 caracterizado porque el molde con preparación para ventana tiene el orificio para Ia ventana de la vivienda, el cual es un cuadrado de 100.5 cm. por lado preferentemente y abierto del lado en que va unido al molde central;17. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 11, characterized in that the mold with window preparation has the hole for the window of the house, which is a square of 100.5 cm. preferably on the side and open on the side on which it is attached to the central mold;
18. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque los moldes con preparación para puerta tienen las siguientes características: • son de una pieza,18. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 1 characterized in that the molds with door preparation have the following characteristics: • they are one-piece,
• colindan en sus extremos laterales con un molde central y un molde lateral curvo,• they collide at their lateral ends with a central mold and a curved lateral mold,
• adoptan en su extremo superior la forma del molde lateral curvo,• adopt at its upper end the shape of the curved side mold,
19. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 15 caracterizado porque el molde con preparación para puerta a 96 cm. Preferentemente respecto a la parte de abajo (base) va unido al molde lateral curvo y tiene un ángulo de 90° el cual se alza aproximadamente 190.5 cm. que serán la altura de la puerta de la vivienda;19. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 15 characterized in that the mold with a door preparation 96 cm. Preferably with respect to the bottom part (base) it is attached to the curved side mold and has an angle of 90 ° which rises approximately 190.5 cm. that will be the height of the door of the house;
20. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 15 caracterizado porque el molde con preparación para puerta tiene una preparación para la puerta con al menos 94.5 cm. de ancho la cual va unida del lado que colinda con el molde central;20. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 15, characterized in that the door preparation mold has a door preparation with at least 94.5 cm. wide which is attached to the side that borders the central mold;
21. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva caracterizado porque los componentes de la losa de cimentación son:21. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry characterized in that the components of the foundation slab are:
• Una plancha de malla electrosoldada (4), preferentemente 66-66 (5),• An electro-welded mesh plate (4), preferably 66-66 (5),
• Una pluralidad de varillas de 3/8 (5) de pulgada que van unidos al castillo de cimentación mediante ganchos y alambre recocido,• A plurality of 3/8 (5) inch rods that are attached to the foundation castle by hooks and annealed wire,
• Un castillo de cimentación (6) compuesto por 4 varillas de acero, de preferencia de 3/8 de pulgada de diámetro (fy=4,200 kg/cm2 ) y 2 estribos de alambrón de• A foundation castle (6) consisting of 4 steel rods, preferably 3/8 inch in diameter (fy = 4,200 kg / cm 2 ) and 2 wire rod stirrups
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) preferencia No.2 (fy = 2,800 kg/cm2 ) de 15x17 cm. Separados aproximadamente IS centímetros,SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) preference No.2 (fy = 2,800 kg / cm 2 ) of 15x17 cm. Separated approximately IS centimeters,
22. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva caracterizado porque las varillas de 3/8 (5) de pulgada, están separadas22. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry characterized in that the 3/8 (5) inch rods are separated
50cm entre sí alrededor del perímetro de la losa de cimentación y sobresalen 50cm del suelo después del vaciado de concreto;50cm from each other around the perimeter of the foundation slab and protrude 50cm from the floor after concrete emptying;
23. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 6 caracterizado porque alrededor de los moldes para construcción de fibra de vidrio se coloca doble malla electrosoldada de preferencia 66-66 amarrándola en la parte baja a las varillas con alambre recocido envolviendo completamente la estructura de la vivienda;23. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 6 characterized in that double-welded mesh mesh of preference 66-66 is placed around the molds for the construction of fiberglass, mooring it in the lower part to rods with annealed wire completely wrapping the housing structure;
24. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva caracterizado porque opcionalmente puede llevar un volado de malla electrosoldada, a lo largo de los extremos de la vivienda;24. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry characterized in that it can optionally carry an electro-welded mesh flown along the ends of the housing;
25. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 8 caracterizado porque el volado se compone de dos piezas de malla electrosoldada;25. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 8, characterized in that the flown is composed of two pieces of welded mesh;
26. La Cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometría semicurva de conformidad con la reivindicación 9 caracterizado porque la primer pieza (7) del volado se une con alambre recocido en la parte que va hacia el techo, dejando 40cm de tramo recto después de la pared y la segunda pieza (8) va amarrada26. The fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometry according to claim 9, characterized in that the first piece (7) of the flown is joined with annealed wire in the part that goes towards the ceiling, leaving 40cm of section straight after the wall and the second piece (8) is tied
30cm a la pared y se dobla 2 veces para dar soporte a la primer pieza (7);30cm to the wall and folds twice to support the first piece (7);
27. Un Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas:27. A method of construction with glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries characterized in that it comprises the following stages:
Λ a) Preparación del Terreno, b) Trazo de ejes,Λ a) Preparation of the Terrain, b) Trace of axes,
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) c) Excavación, d) Aislamiento de la base de la losa de cimentación, e) Cimbrado de la losa de cimentación, f) Armado de la losa de cimentación, g) Preparación de Concreto de Losa de Cimentación, h) Colado de Firme, i) Afine de Firme, j) Armado de Cimbra, k) Armado del Refuerzo, 1) Armado de Volado, m) Armado de Paneles de Ventanas y Puertas, n) Aplicación (Zarpeo) de Mortero Ligero Exterior, o) Aplicación (Zarpeo) de Mortero Ligero Interior, p) Aplicación de sellador en toda la superficie, q) Aplicación de Impermeabilizante elastométrico, r) Aplicación de Pintura vinil - acrílica;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) c) Excavation, d) Insulation of the foundation of the foundation slab, e) Bending of the foundation slab, f) Assembly of the foundation slab, g) Preparation of Concrete of Foundation Slab, h) Firm casting, i) Fine-tuning of the Firm, j) Arming of Cimbra, k) Arming of the Reinforcement, 1) Arming of Flying, m) Arming of Window and Door Panels, n) Application (Sailing) of External Light Mortar, or) Application (Sailing ) Interior Light Mortar, p) Sealer application over the entire surface, q) Application of elastometric waterproofing, r) Application of vinyl - acrylic paint;
28. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque la etapa de preparación del terreno consiste en las fases de:28. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the ground preparation stage consists of the phases of:
• Limpieza del terreno,• Ground cleaning,
• Nivelación del terreno,• Land leveling,
• Compactación de la tierra del terreno;• Compaction of the land of the land;
29. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con Ia reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque en la etapa de excavación se traza una zanja de preferencia de 30cm de ancho por 20cm de profundidad donde va calzada la dala de la losa de cimentación;29. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that in the excavation stage a trench of preference is drawn 30cm wide by 20cm deep where it is carved the dala of the foundation slab;
30. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 2730. The method of construction with glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) caracterizado porque el armado de la losa de cimentación consiste en los siguientes elementos:SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) characterized in that the assembly of the foundation slab consists of the following elements:
• Dala,• Dala,
• Malla electrosoldada, • Anclas de sujeción;• Welded mesh, • Clamping anchors;
31. El Método de construcción con cimbra de ñbra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque el armado de la dala de cimentación se ubica dentro de la zanja, donde se deben poner 4 varillas de acero, de preferencia de 3/8 de pulgada de diámetro y 2 estribos de alambrón de preferencia No.2 de 15x17 cm. Separados aproximadamente 15 centímetros entre sí;31. The method of construction with glass ñbra form based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 30 characterized in that the assembly of the foundation dala is located within the ditch, where 4 steel rods must be placed , preferably 3/8 inch in diameter and 2 wire rod stirrups preferably No.2 of 15x17 cm. Separated approximately 15 centimeters from each other;
32. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 31 caracterizado porque para hacer el armado del castillo de la dala, en las esquinas los segmentos del castillo convergentes deben hacerse continuos traslapando el acero longitudinal de cualquiera de los dos al menos 40 cm. dentro del segundo segmento convergente;32. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 31 characterized in that to make the assembly of the dala castle, at the corners the converging castle segments must be made overlapping the longitudinal steel of either of the two at least 40 cm. within the second convergent segment;
33. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque se coloca la malla electrosoldada, de preferencia 66-66 en toda la superficie del firme, incluyendo las banquetas perimetrales;33. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 30 characterized in that the electro-welded mesh is placed, preferably 66-66 over the entire surface of the firm, including perimeter benches ;
34. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 33 caracterizado porque la malla electrosoldada se debe amarrar al castillo de cimentación perimetral usando alambre galvanizado en tramos de al menos 30 cm., calzándose 5 cm. sobre la superficie del terreno compactado;34. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 33 characterized in that the welded mesh must be tied to the perimeter foundation castle using galvanized wire in sections of at least 30 cm. , fitting 5 cm. on the surface of the compacted soil;
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
35. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque las anclas que se utilizan en este sistema son varillas de por lo menos 3/8 de pulgada a cada SOcm, en todo el perímetro de la base de la losa de cimentación;35. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 30 characterized in that the anchors used in this system are rods of at least 3/8 inch to each SOcm , throughout the perimeter of the foundation of the foundation slab;
36. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 35 caracterizado porque las varillas no se deben ubicar en la parte exterior de la dala sino 8 cm. hacia el centro para dar espacio suficiente a la cimbra y la estructura de la vivienda;36. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 35 characterized in that the rods should not be located on the outside of the dala but 8 cm. towards the center to give enough space to the formwork and the structure of the house;
37. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque cada varilla deberá doblarse en "u" (gancho estándar de37. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 30 characterized in that each rod must be bent into "u" (standard hook
180°) en su extremo inferior y amarrarse a la dala con alambrón;180 °) at its lower end and be tied to the dala with wire rod;
38. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 30 caracterizado porque las anclas deberán salir 50cm del nivel del firme alrededor del perímetro de la losa de cimentación para facilitar el amarre de la estructura de la vivienda;38. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 30 characterized in that the anchors must leave 50cm from the level of the firm around the perimeter of the foundation slab to facilitate the mooring of the structure of the house;
39. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque La cimbra se compone de una pluralidad de moldes prefabricados para construcción de fibra de vidrio, los cuales se unen alrededor de la losa de cimentación formando la estructura de la vivienda;39. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 27 characterized in that the formwork is composed of a plurality of prefabricated molds for fiberglass construction, which are joined around of the foundation slab forming the structure of the house;
40. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 3940. The method of construction with glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 39
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) caracterizado porque dicha pluralidad de moldes para construcción se ubica al interior de las varillas que vienen de la cimentación;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) characterized in that said plurality of molds for construction is located inside the rods that come from the foundation;
41. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 39 caracterizado porque los moldes de fibra de vidrio se unen entre si con tornillería mediante cejas (2) con orificios (3) ubicadas a los costados, al frente y en la parte superior de cada molde;41. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 39 characterized in that the fiberglass molds are joined together with screws by eyebrows (2) with holes (3) located on the sides, front and top of each mold;
42. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque el armado de retuerzo consiste en una doble cobertura exterior de malla electrosoldada alrededor de toda la estructura de la vivienda;42. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 27 characterized in that the reinforcement assembly consists of a double outer covering of welded mesh around the entire structure of the housing;
43. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque las dos mallas electrosoldadas de cobertura exterior deben ser ancladas con las fronteras y entre si con aproximadamente 40cm de alambre;43. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the two electrowelded outer covering meshes must be anchored with the borders and with each other with approximately 40cm of wire;
44. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque el volado se arma con dos piezas de malla electrosoldada (7,8) unidas al envolvente de malla electrosoldada que cubre la vivienda;44. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the flying is armed with two pieces of electro-welded mesh (7.8) attached to the electro-welded mesh envelope that covers housing;
45. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 44 caracterizado porque la primera pieza del volado (7) mide aproximadamente 1 lOcm, va unida al techo mediante un amarre con alambre recocido;45. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 44 characterized in that the first piece of the ruffled (7) measures approximately 1 lOcm, is attached to the ceiling by means of a wire tie annealing;
46. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 4446. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 44
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) caracterizado porque la primera pieza del volado (7) sobresale de manera recta 40 cm. aproximadamente después de la pared;SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) characterized in that the first piece of the ruffled (7) protrudes straight 40 cm. approximately after the wall;
47. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 44 caracterizado porque la segunda pieza del volado (8) se une a la malla electrosoldada de la pared al menos 30cm mediante un amarre de alambre recocido;47. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 44 characterized in that the second piece of the ruffle (8) is attached to the welded mesh of the wall at least 30cm by means of a annealed wire tie;
48. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 44 caracterizado porque la segunda pieza del volado (8) debe doblarse en dos ocasiones para dar soporte a la primera pieza;48. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 44 characterized in that the second piece of the ruffled (8) must be folded twice to support the first piece;
49. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque en el armado de paneles de ventanas y puertas, los muros de la parte frontal y trasera de la vivienda deben ser armados con la doble malla electrosoldada haciendo cortes para dejar los orificios para las puertas y ventanas;49. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 27 characterized in that in the assembly of window and door panels, the walls of the front and rear of the house must be armed with the double welded mesh making cuts to leave the holes for the doors and windows;
SO. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 49 caracterizado porque la malla deberá salir IScm al menos de los límites de los muros frontal y trasero para unirse con alambre a los muros laterales y a las anclas de la losa;SW. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 49 characterized in that the mesh must exit IScm at least from the limits of the front and rear walls to join with wire to the side walls and to the slab anchors;
Sl. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 49 caracterizado porque el armado de malla electrosoldada de los muros frontal y posterior se debe reforzar con un arreglo de varillas en posición vertical y horizontal, además de un bastón de la misma varilla en diagonal alrededor de los orificios realizados;Sl. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 49 characterized in that the welded mesh welding of the front and rear walls must be reinforced with an arrangement of rods in vertical and horizontal position , in addition to a stick of the same rod diagonally around the holes made;
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
52. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicυrvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 49 caracterizado porque antes de la aplicación del mortero se debe colocar en la parte frontal y posterior los moldes (4,5,6) según sea necesario para contener al mortero y formar el muro con el arreglo de orificios de puertas y/o ventanas deseado;52. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 49, characterized in that, before the application of the mortar, the molds (4,5, 6) as necessary to contain the mortar and form the wall with the arrangement of holes of doors and / or windows desired;
53. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque la aplicación ó zarpeo de mortero ligero se empieza por la parte exterior de la vivienda aplicándose en capas de 1.5cm en promedio hasta alcanzar un espesor aproximado de 7cm;53. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the application or sanding of light mortar is started from the outside of the house by applying in layers of 1.5cm on average until reaching a thickness of approximately 7cm;
54. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque se debe comenzar el zarpeo de la estructura por la parte exterior y baja de la vivienda, para posteriormente pasar al zarpeo del techo de la estructura;54. The method of construction with glass fiber formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the sagging of the structure must be started on the outside and lower part of the housing, to subsequently go to the Sailing of the roof of the structure;
55. El Método de construcción con cimbra de fibra de vidrio a base de moldes reutilizables para geometrías semicurvas de conformidad con la reivindicación 27 caracterizado porque una vez terminado el zarpeo del techo y endurecido el material, se retira la cimbra dejando algunos puntales, aplicando el afine por ambas caras de aproximadamente 0.5cm.55. The method of construction with fiberglass formwork based on reusable molds for semi-circular geometries according to claim 27, characterized in that once the roof has been finished and the material hardened, the formwork is removed leaving some struts, applying the refine on both sides of approximately 0.5cm.
HOJA DE SUSTITUCIÓN (REGLA 26) SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
PCT/MX2008/000028 2007-12-14 2008-02-25 Construction system and method based on re-usable moulds for a formwork having a special semicurved shape WO2009078692A1 (en)

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MXMX/A/2007/016077A MX2007016077A (en) 2007-12-14 Constructing system and method based on reusable moulds for centering having a special semi-curved geometry
MXMX/A/2007/016077 2007-12-14

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WO2010002233A1 (en) * 2008-06-30 2010-01-07 Rodrigo Lobo Morales Dwellings or similar made from ferrocement and having optimum semi-circular shapes or similar based on mortars and/or lightweight structural mortar and/or cellular mortar, and construction method
WO2010071392A1 (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Reticulated construction method and system based on reusable formwork moulds having a special semi-curved shape and capable of being extended horizontally and vertically
US11525260B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2022-12-13 Forma Technologies Inc. Composite subgrade formwork and method of use
US11542704B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2023-01-03 Forma Technologies Inc. Reconfigurable composite floor formwork and method of use

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US11542704B2 (en) 2020-11-10 2023-01-03 Forma Technologies Inc. Reconfigurable composite floor formwork and method of use
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