WO2009078697A1

WO2009078697A1 - Improvement to construction system with contact formworks

Info

Publication number: WO2009078697A1
Application number: PCT/MX2008/000174
Authority: WO
Inventors: Fernando Javier Humphrey Hoyos
Original assignee: Fernando Javier Humphrey Hoyos
Priority date: 2007-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-17
Publication date: 2009-06-25
Also published as: MX2007016566A

Abstract

The invention relates to an improvement to a construction system using contact formworks for dwellings and buildings. Said system comprises contact formworks made from different materials, which shape the concrete element, with deformations or spaces in the external or internal walls, and which enable an insulating material to be affixed to the structural element, which material is subsequently covered with finishing materials, such as drywall, thereby producing structures with high thermal and acoustic insulation in accordance with the requirements of the region and generating improved habitability and energy savings at a more affordable price.

Description

Improvement to construction system with contact formwork

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

In order to obtain constructions with thermal insulation according to the needs of each region or climatic zone and the way to make more efficient both in cost and in execution time, the development of a system that would improve the current systems was considered that the minimum standards required for thermal insulation be achieved, as well as, the most efficient and cheap way of finishing residential, commercial and industrial constructions.

BACKGROUND

At present, the construction of houses is carried out by various constructive methods, the most usual being those of bricks or cooked bricks, concrete blocks, construction systems of concrete panels and construction systems of monolithic concrete with contact forms of different materials and shapes Of these systems, none guarantees to have a thermal insulation factor necessary to generate a habitability environment and reduce energy costs to maintain a desirable temperature inside a construction, as well as the methods used in the application of finishes - plaster, mortars, flattened, among others, are far from being the most efficient in quality and execution time. To name a few, such as the injected polyurethane sandwich panel "DC System" has a joint system using eccentric fasteners that apply a force of 280 kg per hook, which allows to create, while a total tightness, a great mechanical resistance. Patents such as those mentioned in the documents:

References:

Patent documents in the United States of America.-

Patent Number Author Date

3772835 11/73. CoVe ₅ TiHe W ₉ WoOdS R

3789556. 02/74 Skinner J.

3895469 7/75 Captain R.

4122203 10/78 Sthal S.

4288962 09/81 Kavanaugh H.

4441301 04/84 Benson Henry

5921046 07/99 Hammond S.

6305142 10/01 Brisson D & Hammond S.

2002069603 06/02 Zornes D.

In order to obtain constructions with thermal insulation according to the needs of each region or climatic zone and the way of efficiency in both cost and execution time, the development of a system that would improve the current systems was considered so that they achieved the minimum standards required for thermal insulation, as well as the most efficient and cheap way of finishing residential, commercial and industrial buildings.

A novel system is the one presented in the patent ES 2 023 723, "Integral system for the construction of buildings and homes by standardized modules, with full freedom in the projects" Which presents, a new construction system based on the modulation simplified and precalculated with equivalence to all structures, facilitating a constructive mechanism that from the improvement of the quality of the building and reduces the weight by more than 30%, the elements prefabricated in series, in its assembly admit all existing materials according to the desired finish. Among the developments aimed at the construction of walls with thermal and acoustic insulation we can mention the patent application WO2007039654 that describes the construction with at least one reinforced insulation panel, constituted by a quadrangular or rectangular body of different dimensions, where said panel is made of thermal insulating materials that includes a plurality of wire crimps, which perforate the panel transversely so that its ends protrude, and can be bent at right angles, in the same sense forming a U or in the opposite direction forming an S.

Another document that could cause confusion due to its content is patent US 6141929 Ia which describes a prefabricated wall panel for the construction of a wall, where said panel is composed of a unitary member with a flat part in general, which includes a inner surface and a space in the middle for the reception of insulation, as well as portions of rib ribs with side edges, a cover of insulation material and a plank-like finish, said insulation material is constituted by a plurality of individual strips that tie the edges of the ribs to the insulation material, defining a channel between rib and rib. Of the systems mentioned above, and because it is the system that guarantees the greatest resistance, the lowest cost and the shortest execution time, it was decided to choose the concrete element construction system, which is developed by means of formwork constructed of different materials to shape the type of construction desired. It is important to note that the system we are referring to in this improvement is not exclusive for use in monolithic systems but can be used in any construction system of concrete elements with contact forms.

This construction system consists of the incorporation of materials with insulating capacity within the walls, walls, floors, ceilings, panels or any type of architectural element, which are specifically designed to accommodate these insulating materials according to the required needs for each project to achieve the thermal insulation factors required in particular according to the corresponding needs, subsequently facilitating, instead of the traditional finishes, the use of panels of different materials - plaster, cement, wood, plastic, aluminum, etc. .- on the inner face of the concrete elements to obtain the necessary finishes. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The characteristic details of this novel invention called improvement of the construction system with contact forms are clearly shown in the following description and in the four accompanying drawings, as well as an illustration of that and following the same reference signs to indicate the parts and figures shown.

Figure 1 is an isometric view of the improvement to construction system with contact formwork.

Figure 2 is a side view of the finish of the improvement to the referred system. Figure 3 is a top view of the finish of the improvement to the referred system. Figure 4 is an isometric view of the finish of the improvement to the referred system.

With respect to said figures, the invention comprises contact forms (1 and 2), made of any material such as steel, wood, plastic or any other type of metal or product, which limit and contain the shape that is intended to be given to the element. of concrete (3) (see figures 1 and 2), whose finishes or texture can take various forms and appearances depending on the needs and design of the construction.

To join both contact forms (1 and 2) and avoid the movement that implies a deformation of the concrete element (3), steel rods (4), called spreaders, are used, which secure both forms. It is important to mention that the contact form (1) can be of the type of monolithic concrete construction systems or any other type of form used for the manufacture of concrete panels or elements. To the contact form (2) the necessary elements have to be incorporated or added, generally of the same material from which the formwork is constructed, to be able to form the required cavities (5), according to the needs of the different elements of concrete, reinforced or not, where the insulating materials (6) (see figure 2) will be determined and necessary according to the specifications of the project, having to design the construction of ribs, reinforcing columns or castles (8) that will provide more solidity to the walls or concrete elements. The shape and dimensions of the cavities (5) vary according to the needs required in the concrete elements (3), both the shape and dimensions must be appropriate to the dimensions of the insulating materials (6), and those of the materials (7) that will be used to cover the surfaces delimited by the vertical ribs, columns or reinforcing castles (8), constructed and designed respectively.

It should be noted that before the concrete casting or emptying process, the reinforcement steel is installed, if it is determined necessary or required by the specifications of the project, as well as, of the installations, electrical, hydraulic, sanitary, gas or others that will be required according to the design and calculation of the same project. In addition, it must be installed, at all length or height, in the interior or internal part of the contact form (2) in the space where the rib, column or castle (8) is planned to be built for structural reinforcement of the concrete wall, an element of material (7), of the appropriate type and shape, which allows us and serves to hold, by means of fasteners such as screws, nails, pins, etc. (9), the material that will serve as a finish to cover the cavities ( 5) once the selected insulating materials have been installed or placed (6). To this element (7) of material must be added or incorporated an anchor, made of any resistant material, (10) (see figures 2, 3 and 4) so that once they are drowned in the concrete it is guaranteed that this element (7) It is anchored and firmly attached to the concrete after it has dried and cured.

The specifications of the concrete will be determined according to the needs and uses of each project. After casting or emptying the concrete and when it acquires the necessary resistance, the elements constructed of concrete (3) will be uncracked. Once the elements (3) have been unzipped, the chosen insulating material (6) can be placed or installed inside the cavities (5) built for this purpose. The insulating materials (6) to be used will depend on the climate of the areas and / or regions where it is built under this system. Air, fiberglass, polystyrene, polyurethane, or any material that meets the characteristics and needs of low heat conductivity and that guarantees the required thermal insulation can be used as insulating materials (6).

Subsequently, the chosen material will be placed to cover the cavities (5) and installed insulators (6). The material used to cover the cavities (5) must be adequate for the needs of each project, being able to use drywall and / or cement (11), such as rock, hardwood or similar boards, wood, plastic, steel, aluminum , etc. The entire wall or concrete element (3) on its inner or inner face must be covered with the chosen material, fastening these panels by means of screws, pins, nails, etc. (12) to the elements (7) intended for this and that were previously installed and anchored in the concrete in the vertical ribs, columns or reinforcing castles (8).

Example of calculation of slabs and structures:

The analysis and structural dimensioning is carried out according to the specifications of the American Institute of Concrete {A.CI.313-87J and those of the current Construction Regulations.

Applying the alternative design method under the following loads. Design Loads:

Live load 150 KG / M ²

Load floor q 120 KG / M ²

Slab own weight 180 KG / M ²

Plaster ceiling 30 KG / M ²

480 KG / M ²

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS

CONCRETE IN FOUNDATION Slab FO = 200 150 KG / M ²

CONCRETE IN ROOF Slab

Floor load q F ^' C = 175 120 KG / M ² CONCRETE IN WALLS F ^' C = 150 180 KG / M ²

STEEL REINFORCEMENT (RODS) F ^' C = 4200 30 KG / M ²

ELECTROSOLDADAY MESH STEEL F ^' C = 5000 480 KG / M ² ARMEX

CLEAR L = 2.95mts b = 1.00 b = 74 b = 40

LOAD W = 195 kg / m.l.

WL ² 195x295 ² MOMENT (+) = - = - = 212.10 m-kg

8

M bm = = 6.5cms Kd ²

F 287.60 _{Λ M}

∑ _o = = = 0.57cm - -OK

° μjd 35x0.9x16

M 21210

As = = 0.70cw ² =

Fsjd 2100x0.9x16

103/8 "STRAIGHT BELOW

WL 2 95x195

2 2

Vc = vjbd = 3.9x5x16 = 312 kg

FOR THE DESIGN OF THIS IT IS CONSIDERED A CAPACITY OF SURFACE LOAD OF 0.40kg / cm ² = 4 TON / m ² AN INFLUENCE STRIP b = 0.80m ² THEREFORE, THE EFFECTIVE FLEXION STRIPE WILL BE EFF = 0.40mto. THE SUBPRESSION Wv = 1.50x4000 = 6000kg / cm ² .

MF = 10cms

As = - ^ - = 3.62cm ² φ3 / Z "@ 20cms

Fsjd

10 RODS OF 03/8 "@ 20 CMS d = 10cms h = 10cms

THE FOUNDATION Slab WILL BE OF 10cm OF ARMED THICKNESS WITH ELECTRO-WELDED MESH 6X6-4 / 4 PLACED EM SUPERIOR BED AND BAR RODS OF 03/8 "@ 30 cms. AS IT IS INDICATED EM FLAT. 15

SCREEN CALCULATION (STARTING NERVE) FOR THIS IT IS CONSIDERED A CLEAR UM OF L = 1.00mTO THE LOAD TO CONSIDER W = 3400kg / mto

_ _. , WL ² 3400 (10O) ² _. .

20 M = = - ^and - = 340m ~ kg

10 10

PERALTE REQUIRED d = 20cms

STEEL AREA As = - ^ - = ^^ = 0.90cm ²

Fsjd 2100X0.9X20

25

USE ARMEX 15X30-4 The Meccano Constructive System, is a system of metallic formwork that forms 100 percent of a construction project: walls, slab, stairs, prets, and so on; which allows monolithic castings and produces - according to the mold in question - a certain number of pieces per day in a single casting, with a small group of operators.

The mold is an instrument that matches the critical variables of the serial construction of any product. System comparison with others:

Contact form system

VS

ASHRAE Method (Cold Steel)

Plasterboard wall (rock table) with 2 "x4" steel racks on 4 "concrete.

Insulation in castles with an inch of polystyrene (R-5)

Claims

CLAIMS Having described my invention sufficiently, I consider it a novelty and therefore the claim of my exclusive property, the content of the following clause:

1.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms, characterized in that it consists of a structure of cementitious material, an anchoring device, a plate of thermal and acoustic insulating material, a finishing cover, all contained within a meccano mold .

2.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure of the cementing material internally consists of a network of crossbars that form a grid, forming ribs and / or leaving holes arranged transversely vertically equidistant, optionally aligned every 61 cm.

3.-Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to the previous claim, further characterized in that the ribs of said cementitious material structure may or may not be occupied by a thermal and acoustic insulating material whose volumetric weight does not exceed 900kg / m and at least a concentrated load capacity of one ton.

4.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchoring device is composed of a hook-shaped bolt that can be a nail, a thyme and / or a wire with termination in the form of L.

5.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to the previous claim, further characterized by the anchoring device fixing the strips arranged on the body of the wall where the material for finishing the interior wall and ceiling is screwed, fixing it to a taquete of any material, crossing both, where said termination in the form of "L" will drown in the emptying of concrete from the walls holding it fixedly to the structure.

6, - Improvement to construction system with contact formwork according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulating material can be of a plurality of solid, flammable polymers, a combination of pebbles, plastic and / or wood or cork beads which on the external side is covered by finishing materials.

7.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to claim 1, further characterized by containing a device of solid insulating material placed on the bridge that occurs between the ribs and the finish.

8.- Improvement of the construction system with contact forms according to claim 1, further characterized by containing a device of solid insulating material placed on the bridge that occurs between the ribs and the finish.