WO2012102369A1 - ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 - Google Patents
ハイブリッド車両の制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012102369A1 WO2012102369A1 PCT/JP2012/051760 JP2012051760W WO2012102369A1 WO 2012102369 A1 WO2012102369 A1 WO 2012102369A1 JP 2012051760 W JP2012051760 W JP 2012051760W WO 2012102369 A1 WO2012102369 A1 WO 2012102369A1
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- clutch
- control
- motor
- engine
- shift
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Classifications
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a control apparatus for a hybrid vehicle that simultaneously processes engine start control and downshift control of an automatic transmission during traveling.
- the engine start control (cranking) is performed first, and the downshift control is performed after the synchronization determination of the first clutch. carry out. That is, while the engine start control is in progress, the down shift control is stopped, and the down shift control is advanced after the engine start control is finished. For this reason, there is a problem in that the release pressure differs depending on the timing at which the engine start request intervenes, making it difficult to manage the driving force during cranking. In addition, the timing of the downshift request and the engine start request overlaps during driving until the driver reaches the intended driving force despite the high acceleration demand that causes the driver to depress the accelerator. There was a problem that it took time.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a control device for a hybrid vehicle that can easily perform downshift control that prevents a pulling shock.
- means comprising an engine, a motor, a first clutch, an automatic transmission, a second clutch, and a simultaneous start / shift processing means.
- the motor is provided in a drive system from the engine to drive wheels, and has an engine start motor function in addition to the drive motor function.
- the first clutch is interposed between the engine and the motor, and switches between a hybrid vehicle travel mode by engagement and an electric vehicle travel mode by release.
- the automatic transmission is interposed between the motor and the drive wheel, and automatically changes the gear ratio.
- the second clutch is interposed at any position from the motor to the drive wheel, and maintains a slip engagement state during engine start control.
- the start / shift simultaneous processing means processes engine speed increase control for increasing the engine speed by the motor for starting the running engine and downshift control for the automatic transmission in parallel.
- the increase of the input speed by the downshift control is increased to the target input speed by using the motor torque by the motor.
- the increase in the input speed by the down shift control is calculated using the motor torque by the motor during the engine speed increase control by the motor. Control to increase to the target input rotational speed is performed.
- the down shift control by changing the hydraulic pressure is simplified such that the fastening element of the downshift can be grasped after the input rotational speed increases. As a result, not only can the required time from the start of downshifting to the end of downshifting be shortened during parallel processing of engine start and downshifting while traveling, but downshift control that prevents pulling shocks can be facilitated. It can be carried out.
- FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram showing an FR hybrid vehicle (an example of a hybrid vehicle) by rear wheel drive to which a control device of Embodiment 1 is applied. It is a figure which shows an example of the shift map of automatic transmission AT set to AT controller 7 of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the EV-HEV selection map set to the mode selection part of the integrated controller 10 of Example 1. FIG. It is a skeleton diagram showing an example of an automatic transmission AT mounted on an FR hybrid vehicle to which the control device of the first embodiment is applied. It is a fastening operation
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a configuration and flow of simultaneous processing of engine start control and downshift control executed by the integrated controller 10 of the first embodiment.
- Various shift command signals, engine speed control commands, engine start control commands, CL1 synchronization determination flag when simultaneously processing engine start control and down shift control during EV running on an FR hybrid vehicle equipped with a comparative device Engine speed (ENGREV), motor speed (Motor_REV), target motor speed (Target_REV), second clutch pressure (CL2_PRS), first clutch torque (CL1_TRQ), engagement pressure (Apply_PRS), release pressure (Release_PRS), It is a time chart which shows each characteristic of engine torque (ENG_TRQ), motor torque (Motor_TRQ), and driving force.
- ENGREV Engine speed
- Motor_REV motor speed
- Tiget_REV target motor speed
- CL2_PRS second clutch pressure
- CL1_TRQ first clutch torque
- Engagement pressure Apply_PRS
- Release pressure Rel
- FIG. 1 shows a rear-wheel drive FR hybrid vehicle (an example of a hybrid vehicle) to which the control device of the first embodiment is applied.
- the overall system configuration will be described below with reference to FIG.
- the drive system of the FR hybrid vehicle in the first embodiment includes an engine Eng, a first clutch CL1, a motor / generator MG (motor), a second clutch CL2, an automatic transmission AT, Transmission input shaft IN, mechanical oil pump MO / P, sub oil pump SO / P, propeller shaft PS, differential DF, left drive shaft DSL, right drive shaft DSR, left rear wheel RL (drive) Wheel) and a right rear wheel RR (drive wheel).
- FL is the left front wheel
- FR is the right front wheel.
- the engine Eng is a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, and engine start control, engine stop control, throttle valve opening control, fuel cut control, and the like are performed based on an engine control command from the engine controller 1.
- the engine output shaft is provided with a flywheel FW.
- the first clutch CL1 is a clutch interposed between the engine Eng and the motor / generator MG, and is generated by the first clutch hydraulic unit 6 based on a first clutch control command from the first clutch controller 5. Engagement / semi-engagement state / release is controlled by the first clutch control oil pressure.
- the first clutch CL1 for example, a normally closed dry single unit in which complete engagement is maintained by urging force of a diaphragm spring and complete engagement to complete release is controlled by a stroke control using a hydraulic actuator 14 having a piston 14a.
- a plate clutch is used.
- the motor / generator MG is a synchronous motor / generator in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor and a stator coil is wound around a stator, and a three-phase AC generated by an inverter 3 based on a control command from the motor controller 2. It is controlled by applying.
- the motor / generator MG can operate as an electric motor that is driven to rotate by receiving power supplied from the battery 4 (hereinafter, this operation state is referred to as “powering”), and the rotor is driven from the engine Eng or the drive wheel. When receiving rotational energy, it functions as a generator that generates electromotive force at both ends of the stator coil, and can also charge the battery 4 (hereinafter, this operation state is referred to as “regeneration”).
- the rotor of the motor / generator MG is connected to the transmission input shaft IN of the automatic transmission AT.
- the second clutch CL2 is a clutch interposed between the motor / generator MG and the left and right rear wheels RL and RR, and is generated by the second clutch hydraulic unit 8 based on the second clutch control command from the AT controller 7. Fastening / slip fastening / release is controlled by the controlled hydraulic pressure.
- the second clutch CL2 for example, a normally open wet multi-plate clutch or a wet multi-plate brake capable of continuously controlling the oil flow rate and hydraulic pressure with a proportional solenoid is used.
- the first clutch hydraulic unit 6 and the second clutch hydraulic unit 8 are built in an AT hydraulic control valve unit CVU attached to the automatic transmission AT.
- the automatic transmission AT is a stepped transmission that automatically switches the stepped gears according to the vehicle speed, the accelerator opening, and the like.
- the automatic transmission AT has seven forward speeds and one reverse gear stage. It is a step transmission.
- the second clutch CL2 is not newly added as a dedicated clutch independent of the automatic transmission AT, but a plurality of friction elements that are engaged at each gear stage of the automatic transmission AT. Among them, a friction element (clutch or brake) that matches a predetermined condition is selected.
- the drive control of the sub oil pump S-O / P is performed by an AT controller 7 described later.
- the propeller shaft PS is connected to the transmission output shaft of the automatic transmission AT.
- the propeller shaft PS is coupled to the left and right rear wheels RL and RR via a differential DF, a left drive shaft DSL, and a right drive shaft DSR.
- an electric vehicle traveling mode hereinafter referred to as “EV traveling mode”
- HEV traveling mode hybrid vehicle traveling mode
- WSC travel mode Torque control travel mode
- the “EV travel mode” is a mode in which the first clutch CL1 is released and the vehicle travels only with the driving force of the motor / generator MG, and has a motor travel mode and a regenerative travel mode. This “EV running mode” is selected when the required driving force is low and the battery SOC is secured.
- the “HEV travel mode” is a mode in which the first clutch CL1 is engaged, and has a motor assist travel mode, a power generation travel mode, and an engine travel mode, and travels in any mode. This “HEV travel mode” is selected when the required driving force is high or when the battery SOC is insufficient.
- the “WSC travel mode” is a mode in which the second clutch CL2 is maintained in the slip engagement state and the clutch torque capacity is controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the motor / generator MG.
- the clutch torque capacity of the second clutch CL2 is controlled so that the drive torque transmitted after passing through the second clutch CL2 becomes the required drive torque that appears in the accelerator operation amount of the driver.
- the “WSC travel mode” is selected in a travel region where the engine speed is lower than the idle speed, such as when the vehicle is stopped, started, or decelerated in the selected state of the “HEV travel mode”.
- the control system of the FR hybrid vehicle in the first embodiment includes an engine controller 1, a motor controller 2, an inverter 3, a battery 4, a first clutch controller 5, and a first clutch hydraulic unit 6. And an AT controller 7, a second clutch hydraulic unit 8, a brake controller 9, and an integrated controller 10.
- the controllers 1, 2, 5, 7, and 9 and the integrated controller 10 are connected via a CAN communication line 11 that can exchange information with each other.
- the engine controller 1 inputs the engine speed information from the engine speed sensor 12, the target engine torque command from the integrated controller 10, and other necessary information. Then, a command for controlling the engine operating point (Ne, Te) is output to the throttle valve actuator or the like of the engine Eng.
- the motor controller 2 inputs information from the resolver 13 that detects the rotor rotational position of the motor / generator MG, a target MG torque command and a target MG rotational speed command from the integrated controller 10, and other necessary information. Then, a command for controlling the motor operating point (Nm, Tm) of the motor / generator MG is output to the inverter 3. The motor controller 2 monitors the battery SOC representing the charge capacity of the battery 4 and supplies the battery SOC information to the integrated controller 10 via the CAN communication line 11.
- the first clutch controller 5 inputs sensor information from the first clutch stroke sensor 15 that detects the stroke position of the piston 14a of the hydraulic actuator 14, a target CL1 torque command from the integrated controller 10, and other necessary information. . Then, a command for controlling engagement / semi-engagement / release of the first clutch CL1 is output to the first clutch hydraulic unit 6 in the AT hydraulic control valve unit CVU.
- the AT controller 7 inputs information from an accelerator opening sensor 16, a vehicle speed sensor 17, and other sensors 18 and the like.
- the optimum shift speed is searched based on the position where the driving point determined by the accelerator opening APO and the vehicle speed VSP exists on the shift map shown in FIG. Is output to the AT hydraulic control valve unit CVU.
- the shift map is, for example, a map in which an up shift line and a down shift line are written according to the accelerator opening APO and the vehicle speed VSP, as shown in FIG.
- a target CL2 torque command is input from the integrated controller 10
- a command for controlling the slip engagement of the second clutch CL2 is output to the second clutch hydraulic unit 8 in the AT hydraulic control valve unit CVU.
- Second clutch control is performed.
- the downshift request timing from the AT controller 7 and the engine start request timing from the integrated controller 10 overlap within the allowable deviation range, the engine start control and the downshift control are simultaneously performed according to the predetermined program content. Processing is performed.
- the brake controller 9 inputs a wheel speed sensor 19 for detecting each wheel speed of the four wheels, sensor information from the brake stroke sensor 20, a regenerative cooperative control command from the integrated controller 10, and other necessary information. For example, when the brake is depressed, the regenerative braking force is given priority over the required braking force that appears in the brake stroke BS. If the regenerative braking force alone is insufficient, the shortage is compensated by the mechanical braking force (hydraulic braking force). Thus, regenerative cooperative brake control is performed.
- the integrated controller 10 manages the energy consumption of the entire vehicle and has a function for running the vehicle with the highest efficiency.
- the motor rotation number sensor 21 for detecting the motor rotation number Nm and other sensors and switches 22 Necessary information and information via the CAN communication line 11 are input.
- the target engine torque command to the engine controller 1, the target MG torque command and the target MG speed command to the motor controller 2, the target CL1 torque command to the first clutch controller 5, the target CL2 torque command to the AT controller 7, and the brake controller 9 Regenerative cooperative control command is output.
- the integrated controller 10 searches for the optimum driving mode according to the position where the driving point determined by the accelerator opening APO and the vehicle speed VSP exists on the EV-HEV selection map shown in FIG. 3, and the searched driving mode is set as the target driving. It has a mode selection part which selects as a mode.
- this EV-HEV selection map there is an EV ⁇ HEV switching line that switches from “EV driving mode” to “HEV driving mode” when the operating point (APO, VSP) that exists in the EV region crosses, and in the HEV region
- the HEV ⁇ EV switching line that switches from “HEV driving mode” to “EV driving mode” and the driving point (APO, VSP) are in the WSC area when “HEV driving mode” is selected.
- HEV ⁇ WSC switching line to switch to “WSC driving mode” is set.
- the HEV ⁇ EV switching line and the HEV ⁇ EV switching line are set with a hysteresis amount as a line dividing the EV region and the HEV region.
- the engine start control is passed and the mode shifts to “HEV travel mode”.
- the first clutch CL1 released in the “EV drive mode” is in a semi-engaged state
- the engine Eng is cranked using the motor / generator MG as a starter motor
- the engine Eng is started by fuel supply or ignition.
- the motor / generator MG is changed from torque control to rotation speed control, and a differential rotation is applied to sliply engage the second clutch CL2. That is, the torque fluctuation accompanying the engine start control is absorbed by the second clutch CL2, and the engine start shock due to the transmission of the fluctuation torque to the left and right rear wheels RL, RR is prevented.
- the engine stop control is passed and the mode shifts to “EV travel mode”.
- This engine stop control stops the disconnected engine Eng after releasing the first clutch CL1 engaged in the “HEV travel mode”.
- the motor / generator MG is changed from the torque control to the rotation speed control as in the case of the engine start control, and the second clutch CL2 is slip-engaged by applying a differential rotation. That is, the torque fluctuation accompanying the engine stop control is absorbed by the second clutch CL2, and the engine stop shock due to the transmission of the fluctuation torque to the left and right rear wheels RL, RR is prevented.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of an automatic transmission AT mounted on an FR hybrid vehicle to which the control device of the first embodiment is applied.
- the configuration of the automatic transmission AT will be described with reference to FIG.
- the automatic transmission AT is a stepped automatic transmission with 7 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed, and driving force from at least one of the engine Eng and the motor / generator MG is input from a transmission input shaft Input.
- the rotation speed is changed by a transmission gear mechanism having one planetary gear and seven friction elements and output from the transmission output shaft Output.
- the transmission gear mechanism includes a first planetary gear set GS1 and a third planetary gear G3 on the shaft from the transmission input shaft Input side to the transmission output shaft Output side by the first planetary gear G1 and the second planetary gear G2. And the second planetary gear set GS2 by the fourth planetary gear G4 is arranged in order. Also, as friction elements for hydraulic operation, the first clutch C1, the second clutch C2, the third clutch C3, the first brake B1, the second brake B2, the third brake B3, and the fourth brake B4 , Is arranged. Further, a first one-way clutch F1 and a second one-way clutch F2 are arranged as friction elements for machine operation.
- the first planetary gear G1 is a single pinion planetary gear having a first sun gear S1, a first ring gear R1, and a first carrier PC1 supporting a first pinion P1 meshing with both gears S1, R1.
- the second planetary gear G2 is a single pinion type planetary gear having a second sun gear S2, a second ring gear R2, and a second carrier PC2 supporting a second pinion P2 meshing with both gears S2, R2.
- the third planetary gear G3 is a single pinion planetary gear having a third sun gear S3, a third ring gear R3, and a third carrier PC3 that supports a third pinion P3 meshing with both the gears S3 and R3.
- the fourth planetary gear G4 is a single pinion planetary gear having a fourth sun gear S4, a fourth ring gear R4, and a fourth carrier PC4 that supports a fourth pinion P4 that meshes with both the gears S4 and R4.
- the transmission input shaft Input is connected to the second ring gear R2 and inputs rotational driving force from at least one of the engine Eng and the motor generator MG.
- the transmission output shaft Output is coupled to the third carrier PC3, and transmits the output rotational driving force to the driving wheels (left and right rear wheels RL, RR) via a final gear or the like.
- the first ring gear R1, the second carrier PC2, and the fourth ring gear R4 are integrally connected by a first connecting member M1.
- the third ring gear R3 and the fourth carrier PC4 are integrally connected by a second connecting member M2.
- the first sun gear S1 and the second sun gear S2 are integrally connected by a third connecting member M3.
- the first planetary gear set GS1 is configured to have four rotating elements by connecting the first planetary gear G1 and the second planetary gear G2 by the first connecting member M1 and the third connecting member M3.
- the Further, the second planetary gear set GS2 is configured to have five rotating elements by connecting the third planetary gear G3 and the fourth planetary gear G4 by the second connecting member M2.
- first planetary gear set GS1 torque is input from the transmission input shaft Input to the second ring gear R2, and the input torque is output to the second planetary gear set GS2 via the first connecting member M1.
- torque is directly input to the second connecting member M2 from the transmission input shaft Input, and is input to the fourth ring gear R4 via the first connecting member M1, and the input torque is the first torque.
- Output from 3 carrier PC3 to transmission output shaft Output.
- the third clutch C3 is released, and when the rotational speed of the fourth sun gear S4 is higher than that of the third sun gear S3, the third sun gear S3 and the fourth sun gear S4 generate independent rotational speeds. Therefore, the third planetary gear G3 and the fourth planetary gear G4 are connected via the second connecting member M2, and each planetary gear achieves an independent gear ratio.
- FIG. 5 is a fastening operation table showing a fastening state of each friction element at each shift stage in the automatic transmission AT mounted on the FR hybrid vehicle to which the control device of the first embodiment is applied.
- ⁇ indicates that the friction element is hydraulically engaged in the drive state
- ( ⁇ ) indicates that the friction element is hydraulically engaged (one-way clutch operation in the drive state) in the coast state.
- No mark indicates that the friction element is in a released state.
- one of the friction elements that have been fastened is released, and one of the friction elements that have been released is fastened, thereby performing a changeover speed change.
- a first reverse speed with seven forward speeds. That is, in the “first speed”, only the second brake B2 is engaged, and thereby the first one-way clutch F1 and the second one-way clutch F2 are engaged.
- second speed the second brake B2 and the third brake B3 are engaged, and the second one-way clutch F2 is engaged.
- “third speed” the second brake B2, the third brake B3, and the second clutch C2 are engaged, and the first one-way clutch F1 and the second one-way clutch F2 are not engaged.
- the third brake B3, the second clutch C2, and the third clutch C3 are engaged.
- the first clutch C1, the second clutch C2, and the third clutch C3 are engaged.
- the third brake B3, the first clutch C1, and the third clutch C3 are engaged.
- the first brake B1, the first clutch C1, and the third clutch C3 are engaged, and the first one-way clutch F1 is engaged.
- the fourth brake B4, the first brake B1, and the third clutch C3 are engaged.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration of simultaneous processing of engine start control and down shift control executed by the integrated controller 10 of the first embodiment (start / shift simultaneous processing means). Hereinafter, each step of FIG. 6 will be described.
- step S1 whether or not there is an engine start request that is output based on the selection of the “HEV travel mode” for switching the travel mode to the “HEV travel mode” during the travel with the “EV travel mode” selected. to decide. If YES (engine start request is present), the process proceeds to step S2. If NO (engine start request is not present), the determination in step S1 is repeated.
- step S2 following the determination that there is an engine start request in step S1, engine start control is started and a friction element to be the second clutch CL2 is determined, and the process proceeds to step S3.
- the second clutch CL2 which is slip-controlled in the engine start control range, one of the friction elements engaged at each gear can be selected, but at least at the gear after the downshift is engaged. Defined by the element to be used. More specifically, a friction element that maintains the engagement without being engaged / released even when the engine start control and the shift control are simultaneously processed is selected as the second clutch CL2. For example, when the current shift speed is “1st speed”, the second brake B2 that remains engaged even when the speed is changed to “2nd speed” is selected.
- the second brake B2 When the current gear position is “second gear”, the second brake B2 that remains engaged is selected regardless of whether the gear shifts down to “first gear” or up to “second gear”.
- the third brake B3 is selected when the current shift speed is "3rd speed”
- the second clutch C2 is selected when the current shift speed is "4th speed”
- the current shift speed is "5th speed”.
- the third clutch C3 is selected when the "speed” is selected
- the first clutch C1 or the third clutch C3 is selected when the current shift speed is "6th speed, 7th speed”.
- step S3 following the start of engine start control in step S2 and the operation of the CL1, CL2 elements, or the engine start control in step S6, it is determined whether or not a downshift is being performed in the automatic transmission AT. If YES (downshifting), the process proceeds to step S4, and if NO (not downshifting), the process proceeds to step S5.
- step S4 following the determination that the downshift is being performed in step S3, it is determined whether the downshift progress is in the pre-processing (stroke phase) to inertia phase. If YES (during downshifting to the inertia phase), the process proceeds to step S8, and if NO (downshifting progresses after the finish phase), the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S5 following the determination that the downshift is not being performed in step S3, it is determined whether or not there is a downshift request that is output when the operating point (APO, VSP) crosses the downshift line during traveling. If YES (down shift requested), the process proceeds to step S7. If NO (no down shift requested), the process proceeds to step S6.
- step S6 following the determination that the downshift is in progress until the finish phase in step S4 or the determination that there is no downshift request in step S5, the slip engagement state of the second clutch CL2 is maintained.
- the engine start control for starting the engine Eng is executed while returning to step S3.
- step S7 following the determination that there is a downshift request in step S5, or the determination that the preprocessing is not completed in step S8, the operation of the downshift engagement element and the release element (preprocessing operation) is performed. Execute and proceed to step S9.
- the pre-processing of the downshift engagement element means that the piston is slightly stroked so as to fill the plate gap against the return spring force by applying the initial pressure, and is in a state immediately before the torque capacity by the clutch engagement is obtained.
- the pre-processing of the downshift release element refers to a process of reducing the torque capacity of the fastening element that is fastened by the line pressure to the start range of the inertia phase.
- step S8 following the determination that the downshift in step S4 is in the pre-processing to inertia phase, it is determined whether or not the downshift pre-processing has been completed. If YES (end of preprocessing), the process proceeds to step S9, and if NO (not completed), the process proceeds to step S7.
- step S9 following the execution of the pre-processing in step S7, the determination that the pre-processing is completed in step S8, or the determination that the rotation deviation is not detected in step S10, the first clutch CL1. Is started in a semi-engaged state, and a release operation in which the second clutch CL2 is in a slip-engaged state is started, and the process proceeds to step S10.
- step S10 following the operation of the CL1 and CL2 elements in step S9, it is determined whether or not a rotational deviation due to slip engagement of the second clutch CL2 has been detected. If YES (rotation deviation detection), the process proceeds to step S11. If NO (rotation deviation non-detection), the process returns to step S9.
- the rotation deviation is detected because the ratio of the input / output shaft rotation speed of the automatic transmission AT is determined by the gear ratio before the downshift. .
- step S11 following the determination that the rotation shift is detected in step S10, or the determination that the next shift stage is not reached in step S12, the predetermined rotation speed ⁇ is set to the target input rotation speed of the next shift stage.
- the rotational speed control by the motor / generator MG using the added value as the target rotational speed is started, the rotational speed is increased to the target rotational speed using the motor torque of the motor / generator MG, and the process proceeds to step S12. That is, the progress of the downshift is advanced by the increase in the number of revolutions by the motor / generator MG without depending on the change of the hydraulic pressure.
- step S12 following the rotation increase control for increasing the input rotational speed up to the next shift speed + ⁇ in step S11, it is determined whether or not the next shift speed has been reached, that is, the input rotational speed of the automatic transmission AT is equal to the next shift speed. It is determined whether or not the target input rotational speed has been reached. If YES (next gear stage reached), the process proceeds to step S13. If NO (next gear stage not reached), the process returns to step S11.
- step S13 following the determination that the next shift stage has been reached in step S12, the clutch engagement capacity of the engagement clutch in the downshift is increased and the clutch engagement capacity of the release clutch is decreased. Then, cranking of the engine Eng is advanced by the first clutch CL1 in the semi-engaged state while continuing the motor rotation speed control with the target rotation speed of (the next shift speed target input rotation speed + ⁇ ), and proceeds to step S14. move on. That is, in this step S13, on / off hydraulic switching control and engine start control are performed while leaving the progress of the downshift for increasing the input rotation speed to the rotation speed control by the motor / generator MG.
- the engine Eng is started after the initial explosion due to fuel injection and ignition has elapsed, and is shifted to a self-sustaining operation state.
- step S15 following the determination that CL1 synchronization is present in step S14, the engagement capacity of the first clutch CL1 in a semi-engaged state is increased to a fully engaged state. Then, the target rotational speed of the engine speed and the motor rotational speed is set as (target input rotational speed of the next shift stage), and the target input rotational speed of the next shift stage + ⁇ is changed to (target input rotational speed of the next shift stage). The rotation is converged in the direction of decreasing the rotation speed, and the process proceeds to step S16.
- step S16 following the rotation convergence of the engine speed and the motor speed in step S15, the engine speed and the motor speed become the target input speed of the next gear, and whether or not the synchronization is completed at the next gear. Determine whether. If NO (synchronization is not completed at the next gear), the process returns to step S15. If YES (synchronization completed at the next gear), the control proceeds to the end, the motor control is switched from the rotational speed control to the torque control, the second clutch CL2 is switched from the slip engagement to the complete engagement, and the engagement clutch hydraulic pressure for the down shift is changed. Increase to line pressure and transition to “HEV driving mode”.
- time t1 indicates the engine start request timing.
- Time t2 indicates the downshift request timing.
- Time t3 represents the end of preprocessing by torque control and the start of cranking by rotation speed control.
- Time t4 indicates the CL1 synchronization point.
- Time t5 indicates the start point of the downshift by the switching hydraulic pressure control.
- Time t6 indicates the end of simultaneous processing of engine start control and downshift control.
- the torque capacity of the engagement clutch element is maintained at the standby capacity, and the release pressure ( As shown in the Release_PRS characteristic, the shift control of the downshift is not advanced by keeping the torque capacity of the release clutch element equal to or greater than the torque capacity of the second clutch CL2. Then, as shown in the characteristics of the second clutch pressure (CL2_PRS), the torque capacity of the second clutch CL2 is set to be less than the release clutch torque capacity and equal to or less than the target drive torque. The driving force is managed by the capacity.
- the torque capacity of the second clutch CL2 is set to be equivalent to the target drive torque, thereby managing the driving force with the torque capacity of the second clutch CL2.
- the vehicle driving force that rises in response to the acceleration request is obtained as shown in the driving force characteristic by advancing the downshift and setting the engine after the start to the torque control corresponding to the accelerator opening. Control to ensure is performed.
- the motor / generator MG is returned from the rotational speed control to the torque control, and the engagement clutch element is completely set as shown in the characteristics of the engagement pressure (Apply_PRS) and the release pressure (Release_PRS). As shown in the characteristics of the second clutch pressure (CL2_PRS), re-engagement control of the second clutch CL2 is performed.
- the second clutch CL2 which is the slip control element, is the clutch that has the highest torque cutoff effect and is independent of the down shift, and the down shift is the second clutch. Executed during CL2 torque capacity control.
- the “concept of region B” from time t3 to time t4 and the “concept of region C” from time t4 to time t5 are as follows.
- the second clutch CL2 (second clutch C2) as a slip control element and the release clutch element (third Torque capacity control of two elements of the clutch C3).
- the basic idea is By setting CL2 torque capacity ⁇ release clutch torque capacity, the second clutch CL2 is slipped and the driving force is controlled. Further, the shift control is not shifted to the synchronization determination phase in the region B for the following reason. -Do not replace the fastening element and release element during engine Eng cranking. As a result, it is possible to prohibit changes in the sharing ratio and the cutoff effect of the second clutch CL2 due to a change in the internal state of the automatic transmission AT. ⁇ Do not move the gear release element during engine Eng cranking. Thereby, the slip engagement state of the second clutch CL2 can be continued during cranking of the engine Eng.
- the characteristics of the release pressure depend on the difference in the engine start request timing.
- the height of D is different, and the torque capacity of the disengagement clutch element may not be kept higher than the torque capacity of the second clutch CL2. Therefore, for example, when an engine start request is issued at a timing during downshifting, the release pressure (Release_PRS) does not remain, the automatic transmission is close to neutral, and driving force cannot be output during cranking. Thus, the driving force management (driving force characteristic E) during cranking is difficult.
- the progress of the downshift control is stopped and the downshift control is performed after entering the region C. Therefore, as shown in the driving force characteristic F of FIG.
- the driving force intended by the driver is reached after time t5 in region C. That is, the timing of the downshift request and the engine start request overlaps during traveling in a scene where the acceleration request is high such that the driver depresses the accelerator.
- since engine start control is preceded and then downshift control is advanced it takes time from the engine start request timing to the driving force intended by the driver. In other words, it cannot meet the high acceleration demands of the driver.
- the target speed (Target_REV) set to a slightly lower target input speed for the next gear stage is set to the target input for the next gear stage. Start up to the number of revolutions (G in FIG. 7). Therefore, when the step before and after the shift of the target rotational speed (Target_REV) is small and the step before and after the shift is small, it is not possible to control the rising of the engine with low rotational speed control accuracy. For this reason, it is difficult to perform the downshift control by changing the hydraulic pressure that starts at time t5 immediately after time t4.
- step S1 step S2, step S3, step S5, step S6, and engine start control is started in step S2.
- step S3 step S5 to step S6
- step S2 engine start control is started. Thereafter, normal downshift control in which the downshift is advanced as it is and independent engine start control by repeating the flow from step S3 to step S4 to step S6 are performed.
- the first clutch CL1 released in the “EV drive mode” is in a semi-engaged state, the engine Eng is cranked by using the motor / generator MG as a starter motor, and the engine Eng is supplied by fuel supply or ignition. Is started, and then the first clutch CL1 is engaged.
- the driving point (APO, VSP) will become H on the shift map shown in FIG. Move from point to point H '.
- the engine start request is issued first by crossing the EV ⁇ HEV switching line at point h while the operating point is moving, and then 4 ⁇ 3 by crossing the 4 ⁇ 3 downshift line at point h ′ thereafter.
- a 3-down shift request is issued.
- step S5 the flow from step S3 to step S5 to step S6 is repeated until there is a downshift request. Thereafter, when there is a downshift request, the process proceeds from step S5 to step S7.
- step S7 pre-processing of the downshift engagement element and release element is executed, and after completion of the preprocess, the process proceeds to step S9 and subsequent steps. Processing is performed.
- the driving point (APO, VSP) is I on the shift map shown in FIG. Move from point to point I '.
- crossing the 4 ⁇ 3 down shift line at the point i ′ during the movement of the driving point causes the 4 ⁇ 3 down shift request to be issued first, and then crossing the EV ⁇ HEV switching line at the subsequent i point.
- An engine start request is issued.
- step S4 determines whether pre-processing or torque phase is in progress. If it is determined in step S4 that pre-processing or torque phase is in progress, the process proceeds to step S8. If it is determined in step S8 that the preprocessing has not been completed, the process proceeds to step S7, where the downshift engagement element and the release element are preprocessed. After the preprocess is completed, the process proceeds to step 9 and thereafter. Simultaneous processing is performed. On the other hand, if it is determined in step S8 that the pre-processing is completed, the process proceeds to step S9 and subsequent steps, and simultaneous processing is performed.
- the second brake B2 (LOW / B) is used as an engagement clutch element in the 4 ⁇ 3 downshift
- the third clutch C3 H & LR / C
- the second clutch C2 (D / C) is the second clutch CL2 that performs slip control during engine start control.
- step S9 after completion of the pre-processing, until the rotational deviation is detected in step S10, the engagement operation for setting the first clutch CL1 in a semi-engaged state is started and the release operation for making the second clutch CL2 in a slip engagement state. Operation starts.
- step S11 the rotational speed control by the motor / generator MG is started in which the target rotational speed is a value obtained by adding the predetermined rotational speed ⁇ to the target input rotational speed of the next shift stage. The Then, until it is determined in step S12 that the next shift stage has been reached, the rotational speed control for increasing the rotational speed to the target rotational speed using the motor torque of the motor / generator MG is executed.
- step S13 the clutch engagement capacity of the engagement clutch in the down shift is increased to a level having torque capacity in the next shift stage, and the clutch of the release clutch is engaged. The capacity is reduced (drained). Then, until it is determined in step S14 that the first clutch CL1 is synchronized, the motor rotational speed control with the target rotational speed being (the target input rotational speed of the next shift speed + ⁇ ) is continued and the semi-engaged state is maintained. The cranking of the engine Eng by the first clutch CL1 proceeds.
- step S15 When it is determined in step S14 that the first clutch CL1 is synchronized, in step S15, the engagement capacity of the first clutch CL1 in the semi-engaged state is increased to be in the fully engaged state. Then, until it is determined in step S16 that the synchronization is completed at the next speed, the target speed of the engine speed and the motor speed is set to (target input speed of the next speed), and (target input speed of the next speed). (Number + ⁇ ) to (the target input rotation speed of the next gear) is controlled to converge the rotation in the direction of decreasing the rotation speed.
- step S16 When it is determined in step S16 that the synchronization is completed at the next gear, the control of the simultaneous processing is finished, the motor control is switched from the rotation speed control to the torque control, and the second clutch CL2 is switched from the slip engagement to the complete engagement state. It is done. Then, the down clutch engagement clutch hydraulic pressure is increased to the line pressure, and the state shifts to the “HEV travel mode”.
- FIG. 8 shows that a 4 ⁇ 3 downshift request is issued first when the driver depresses the accelerator while intentionally accelerating during coasting by selecting the “EV driving mode” at the 4th gear. This shows a case where an engine start request is issued.
- time t1 indicates the downshift request timing for starting the preprocessing.
- Time t2 indicates the end of preprocessing and the time of switching from torque control to rotational speed control.
- Time t3 indicates the engine start request timing.
- Time t4 indicates the start point of the input rotation speed control by the motor rotation speed control.
- Time t5 indicates the time when the next shift speed is reached.
- Time t6 indicates the CL1 synchronization point.
- Time t7 indicates the end of simultaneous processing of engine start control and downshift control.
- engine start control by engine cranking is performed as shown in the characteristics of engine speed (ENGREV) and first clutch torque (CL1_TRQ) due to the overlap with the end region of the downshift. Make it progress.
- the engine start control is terminated at time t6 after the downshift.
- region C ′ from time t6 at which CL1 synchronization is determined to time t7 at which synchronization at the next shift speed is completed will be described.
- CL1 synchronization is determined at time t6, as shown in the characteristics of the first clutch torque (CL1_TRQ), the piston of the first clutch CL1 is stroked in the fully engaged direction, and the engaged first clutch CL1 is engaged.
- the engine Eng and the motor / generator MG are directly connected.
- the engine speed and the motor speed are at the target motor speed (Target_REV) set to the input speed + ⁇ of the next shift stage.
- the rotational speed is gradually reduced to the input rotational speed of the next gear.
- the engine speed and the motor speed converge to the input speed of the next shift stage, and the region C 'is terminated.
- the second clutch CL2 which is a slip control element, is a clutch that has the highest torque cutoff effect and is independent of the down shift. Then, as a “concept of the region B ′” from the time t2 to the time t6, the downshift (input rotation increase) is ended during cranking, and the first clutch CL1 is synchronized after the rotation increase. In other words, unlike the comparative example, the simultaneous processing from the shift destination to after the start is performed.
- the engine start request intervenes at various timings, for example, before the downshift start (FIG. 7) or after the downshift start (FIG. 8).
- the automatic transmission is completed at the end of the downshift control (slightly after the time t5 when the engagement element has torque capacity) by performing the simultaneous processing for ending the downshift control before the engine start control.
- the internal state of the AT has changed to the driving force transmission state of the next shift stage. Therefore, when performing the driving force management during cranking, unlike the comparative example, it does not depend on the release pressure of the down shift control which becomes different depending on the difference in the engine start request timing. That is, the driving force management during cranking is the capacity management of the second clutch CL2 as shown in the driving force characteristic J of FIG. 8 when the internal state of the automatic transmission AT changes to the driving force transmission state of the next shift stage. This can be done easily.
- the automatic transmission AT can be The inside is in a shift stage state after downshifting in which a high driving force can be transmitted. Therefore, as shown by the driving force characteristic K in FIG. 8, the time from the start time t3 of the engine start request to the time when the driving force intended by the driver is reached (a time slightly after time t6) is shortened.
- this rotational speed increase control is performed by switching control between the downshift engagement element and the release element, the release element is slid by lowering the torque capacity of the release element, and the transmission input shaft rotational speed is slowly increased. .
- the transmission torque is shared by setting the fastening element in the torque transmission state, and the torque capacity of the release element is quickly removed, which is performed by delicate load control. .
- the torque capacity of the release element can be quickly removed.
- any torque capacity remains in the release element, negative torque is transmitted to the drive system. However, it is easy to cause a pulling shock.
- the increase in the input rotational speed due to the downshift is realized by the rotational speed control that increases the target rotational speed to the target input rotational speed using the motor torque from the motor / generator MG.
- the downshift proceeds with good response due to the increase in the rotation speed by the motor / generator MG.
- the downshift control by changing the hydraulic pressure is simplified such that the fastening element of the downshift can be grasped after the input rotational speed increases. Therefore, not only can the required time from the start of the downshift to the end of the downshift be shortened, but the downshift control can be easily performed while preventing a pulling shock.
- the target rotational speed (Target_REV) in the motor rotational speed control is obtained by adding a predetermined value ⁇ to the target input rotational speed of the next shift stage. For this reason, during engine start control (cranking), the predetermined value ⁇ is set to the slip amount at the next shift stage, and the slip engagement state of the second clutch CL2 is ensured.
- the engine start control is a control for greatly changing the torque transmitted to the drive system, and it is necessary to suppress an engine start shock accompanying a large torque change.
- the slip fastening action of the CL2 element reflecting this will be described.
- the shift release element that is released at the time of shift is defined as the second clutch CL2 when the selection method considering simultaneous processing of engine start and shift is defined. Is done.
- the clutch that becomes the release element at the time of shifting shifts from the engaged state to the released state to advance the shift, so that the release element in the middle of the shift progress is in the slip engaged state. Therefore, if the shift release element is defined as the second clutch CL2, it is possible to add the function as the second clutch CL2 to the shift function only by changing the control to maintain the slip engagement state.
- the shift release element is defined as the second clutch CL2
- the contribution of the input torque and the clutch torque to the output torque differs depending on the shift release element of each shift stage, and there is a shift stage that cannot completely shut off the engine start shock. That is, if the selection condition of the second clutch CL2 at the time of the simultaneous processing with the shift is insufficient and the start shock blocking effect of the selected shift release element is low, the shock is transmitted.
- the torque capacity control for the shift release element changes during simple start, when only engine start control is performed, and during simultaneous processing of engine start and shift, both shock isolation and shift are compatible during simultaneous processing of engine start and shift. I can't hope.
- the engagement is not engaged / released even if the engine start control and the down shift control are simultaneously processed in step S2, and the engagement is not made at least after the down shift.
- the maintained friction element is defined as the second clutch CL2 that slips during engine start control. That is, -The second clutch CL2 is also operated together with the engaging clutch element and the releasing clutch element at the time of shifting. -The engine start and the shift are ended while the second clutch CL2 is slipped. In order to achieve vehicle driving force with the second clutch CL2, a target driving force shape is applied as the second clutch hydraulic pressure. I am doing so.
- Engine Eng A motor (motor / generator MG) provided in the drive system from the engine Eng to the drive wheels (left and right rear wheels RL, RR) and having an engine start motor function in addition to the drive motor function;
- a first clutch CL1 which is interposed between the engine Eng and the motor (motor / generator MG), and switches between a hybrid vehicle travel mode (HEV travel mode) by engagement and an electric vehicle travel mode (EV travel mode) by release;
- An automatic transmission AT that is interposed between the motor (motor / generator MG) and the driving wheels (left and right rear wheels RL, RR) and automatically changes a gear ratio;
- a second clutch CL2 that is interposed at any position from the motor (motor / generator MG) to the drive wheels (left and right rear wheels RL, RR) and maintains a slip engagement state during engine start control;
- the start / shift simultaneous processing means increases the input rotational speed by the downshift to the target input rotational speed using the motor torque from the motor (motor / generator MG). This is realized by control (step S11). For this reason, not only can the time required from the start of the downshift to the end of the downshift be shortened during the simultaneous processing of the engine start and the downshift, but the downshift control can be easily performed while preventing a pulling shock. it can.
- the second clutch CL2 has a driving force transmission path among a plurality of friction elements (C1, C2, C3, B1, B2, B3, B4) that obtain a plurality of shift speeds in the automatic transmission AT.
- One of the friction elements to be placed is selected,
- the start / shift simultaneous processing means (FIG. 6) defines the selection of the second clutch CL2 by at least the friction element that is engaged after the downshift (step S2). For this reason, the engine start shock is effectively suppressed by maintaining the slip-engaged state of the second clutch CL2 that interrupts the fluctuating torque during cranking following the down shift during the simultaneous processing of the engine start and the down shift. Can do.
- Example 1 As mentioned above, although the control apparatus of the hybrid vehicle of this invention was demonstrated based on Example 1, it is not restricted to this Example 1 about a concrete structure, The invention which concerns on each claim of a claim Design changes and additions are permitted without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- the example in which the progress of the downshift is realized by the rotational speed control by the motor / generator MG during the simultaneous processing of the engine start and the downshift is shown.
- the progress of the down shift is performed by the switching hydraulic control or the progress of the down shift may be performed by the combined use of the switching hydraulic control and the motor rotation speed control.
- any simultaneous processing may be used as long as the downshift control is terminated before the engine start control is terminated (during cranking).
- the simultaneous start / shift processing of the present invention can also be applied when a downshift request is made after an engine start request, or when the engine start request and the downshift request coincide with each other.
- Embodiment 1 shows an example in which the friction element (second clutch CL2) to be slip-controlled in the engine start control range is selected from a plurality of friction elements built in the stepped automatic transmission AT.
- the present invention is also established when a friction element provided separately from the automatic transmission AT is selected as the second clutch CL2.
- a friction element that is provided separately from the automatic transmission AT between the motor / generator MG and the transmission input shaft and that maintains the engagement during traveling may be selected as the second clutch CL2.
- a friction element that is provided separately from the automatic transmission AT between the transmission output shaft and the drive wheels and that maintains the engagement during traveling may be selected as the second clutch CL2.
- a stepped automatic transmission with 7 forward speeds and 1 reverse speed is used as the automatic transmission.
- the number of gears is not limited to this, and any automatic transmission having a plurality of gears as gears may be used.
- a belt type continuously variable transmission or the like that automatically changes the gear ratio steplessly may be used.
- Example 1 an example of application to an FR hybrid vehicle provided with a drive system of one motor and two clutches is shown.
- the present invention can also be applied to an FF hybrid vehicle having a 1-motor 2-clutch drive system.
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Abstract
Description
前記モータは、前記エンジンから駆動輪への駆動系に設けられ、駆動モータ機能以外にエンジン始動モータ機能を持つ。
前記第1クラッチは、前記エンジンと前記モータの間に介装され、締結によるハイブリッド車走行モードと、解放による電気自動車走行モードを切り替える。
前記自動変速機は、前記モータと前記駆動輪との間に介装され、変速比を自動的に変更する。
前記第2クラッチは、前記モータから前記駆動輪までの何れかの位置に介装され、エンジン始動制御中、スリップ締結状態を維持する。
前記始動/変速同時処理手段は、走行中のエンジン始動のために前記モータによってエンジン回転数を上昇させるエンジン回転数上昇制御と、前記自動変速機のダウン変速制御と、を並行して処理するとき、前記モータによるエンジン回転数上昇制御中に、前記ダウン変速制御による入力回転数の上昇を、前記モータによるモータトルクを使って目標入力回転数まで上昇させる。
走行中にエンジン回転数上昇制御とダウン変速制御を並行して処理するとき、モータによる回転数上昇により応答良くダウン変速が進行することで、ダウン変速終了までの所要時間が短縮される。また、ダウン変速の締結要素は、入力回転数が上昇した後に掴めば良いというように、油圧掛け替えによるダウン変速制御が簡単になる。
この結果、走行中、エンジン始動とダウン変速の並行処理時、ダウン変速開始からダウン変速終了までの所要時間の短縮化を図ることができるばかりでなく、引きショックを防止したダウン変速制御を容易に行うことができる。
図1は、実施例1の制御装置が適用された後輪駆動によるFRハイブリッド車両(ハイブリッド車両の一例)を示す。以下、図1に基づいて全体システム構成を説明する。
実施例1におけるFRハイブリッド車両の制御系は、図1に示すように、エンジンコントローラ1と、モータコントローラ2と、インバータ3と、バッテリ4と、第1クラッチコントローラ5と、第1クラッチ油圧ユニット6と、ATコントローラ7と、第2クラッチ油圧ユニット8と、ブレーキコントローラ9と、統合コントローラ10と、を有して構成されている。なお、各コントローラ1,2,5,7,9と、統合コントローラ10とは、情報交換が互いに可能なCAN通信線11を介して接続されている。
この変速制御に加えて、統合コントローラ10から目標CL2トルク指令を入力した場合、第2クラッチCL2のスリップ締結を制御する指令を、AT油圧コントロールバルブユニットCVU内の第2クラッチ油圧ユニット8に出力する第2クラッチ制御を行う。
なお、ATコントローラ7からのダウン変速要求タイミングと統合コントローラ10からのエンジン始動要求タイミングがズレ許容範囲内にて重なった場合には、所定のプログラム内容にしたがって、エンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理が実施される。
すなわち、「1速段」では、第2ブレーキB2のみが締結状態となり、これにより第1ワンウェイクラッチF1及び第2ワンウェイクラッチF2が係合する。「2速段」では、第2ブレーキB2及び第3ブレーキB3が締結状態となり、第2ワンウェイクラッチF2が係合する。「3速段」では、第2ブレーキB2、第3ブレーキB3及び第2クラッチC2が締結状態となり、第1ワンウェイクラッチF1及び第2ワンウェイクラッチF2はいずれも係合しない。「4速段」では、第3ブレーキB3、第2クラッチC2及び第3クラッチC3が締結状態となる。「5速段」では、第1クラッチC1、第2クラッチC2及び第3クラッチC3が締結状態となる。「6速段」では、第3ブレーキB3、第1クラッチC1及び第3クラッチC3が締結状態となる。「7速段」では、第1ブレーキB1、第1クラッチC1及び第3クラッチC3が締結状態となり、第1ワンウェイクラッチF1が係合する。「後退速段」では、第4ブレーキB4、第1ブレーキB1及び第3クラッチC3が締結状態となる。
ここで、エンジン始動制御域でスリップ制御される第2クラッチCL2としては、各変速段にて締結される摩擦要素のうち1つを選択可能であるが、少なくともダウン変速後の変速段にて締結される要素で定義する。より具体的には、エンジン始動制御と変速制御が同時処理されても締結・解放されないで締結が維持される摩擦要素を選択し、これを第2クラッチCL2としている。例えば、現変速段が「1速段」のときには、「2速段」へアップ変速しても締結されたままの第2ブレーキB2を選択する。現変速段が「2速段」のときには、「1速段」へダウン変速しても「2速段」へアップ変速しても締結されたままの第2ブレーキB2を選択する。同様の考え方により、現変速段が「3速段」のとき第3ブレーキB3を選択し、現変速段が「4速段」のとき第2クラッチC2を選択し、現変速段が「5速段」のとき第3クラッチC3を選択し、現変速段が「6速段、7速段」のとき第1クラッチC1または第3クラッチC3を選択する。
ここで、ダウン変速締結要素の前処理とは、初期圧の印加によりリターンスプリング力に抗してプレート隙間を埋めるようにピストンを僅かにストロークさせ、クラッチ締結によるトルク容量を出す直前状態にしておく処理をいう。ダウン変速解放要素の前処理は、ライン圧により締結されている締結要素のトルク容量をイナーシャフェーズの開始域まで低下させる処理をいう。例えば、4→3ダウン変速の場合、締結要素が第2ブレーキB2(=ローブレーキLOW/B)であり、解放要素が第3クラッチC3(=H&LRクラッチH&LR/C)である。なお、前処理が終了すると、モータ/ジェネレータMGの制御が、トルク制御から回転数制御へと切り替えられる。
ここで、回転ズレ検知は、ダウン変速前の変速段ギヤ比により自動変速機ATの入出力軸回転数の比が決まっているため、この入出力軸回転数関係からの回転ズレ分を検知する。
すなわち、このステップS13では、入力回転数を上昇させるダウン変速の進行をモータ/ジェネレータMGによる回転数制御に委ねたままで、オン/オフ的な油圧掛け替え制御とエンジン始動制御を行う。なお、エンジンEngのクランキングによりエンジン回転数が所定回転数に達すると、燃料噴射と点火による初爆を経過してエンジンEngを始動し、自立運転状態に移行させる。
まず、「比較例の課題」の説明を行う。続いて、実施例1のFRハイブリッド車両の制御装置における作用を、「エンジン始動の単独制御作用」、「エンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理作用」、「回転数制御によるダウン変速作用」、「CL2要素のスリップ締結作用」に分けて説明する。
エンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理時、ダウン変速の前処理後、ダウン変速制御を停止させたままでエンジンクランキングによる始動制御のみを進行させる。そして、第1クラッチの同期が判定された後、締結クラッチと解放クラッチの掛け替え油圧制御によりダウン変速制御を進行させるものを比較例(始動先⇒変速後)とする。
なお、図7において、時刻t1はエンジン始動要求タイミングを示す。時刻t2はダウン変速要求タイミングを示す。時刻t3はトルク制御による前処理終了時点であると共に回転数制御によるクランキング開始時点を示す。時刻t4はCL1同期時点を示す。時刻t5は掛け替え油圧制御によるダウン変速の開始時点を示す。時刻t6はエンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理終了時点を示す。
インギヤ状態で締結している3つのクラッチ(4速時にはC2,C3,B3)のうち、スリップ制御要素である第2クラッチCL2(第2クラッチC2)と変速解放要素である解放クラッチ要素(第3クラッチC3)の2要素をトルク容量制御する。
ここで、基本的な考え方は、
CL2トルク容量<解放クラッチトルク容量
とすることで、第2クラッチCL2をスリップさせ、駆動力をコントロールする。
また、以下の理由により領域Bでは、変速制御を同期判定フェーズには移行させない。
・エンジンEngのクランキング中に締結要素⇔解放要素の架け替えを行わない。
これにより、自動変速機ATの内部状態が変わることによる第2クラッチCL2の分担比、遮断効果の変化を禁止することができる。
・エンジンEngのクランキング中に変速の解放要素を動かさない。
これにより、エンジンEngのクランキング中は、第2クラッチCL2のスリップ締結状態を継続させることができる。
ダウン変速の締結要素⇔解放要素の架け替えと第2クラッチCL2のトルク容量制御を同時に実施する。
ここで、
・CL2トルク容量<締結クラッチトルク容量
・解放要素はスタンバイ圧以下まで低減
とすることで、確実にダウン変速を進行させることができる。
さらに、ダウン変速後の締結クラッチ要素がロックアップ(完全締結状態)していることを確認するために、
・第2クラッチCL2は差回転収束による同期判定(回転センサ情報から演算)
・変速制御はギヤ比による同期判定
の両方が成立することで、本制御を終了する。
したがって、例えば、ダウン変速途中のタイミングでエンジン始動要求を出された場合には、解放圧(Release_PRS)が残っていなく、自動変速機がニュートラルに近い状態となり、クランキング中に駆動力を出せないというように、クランキング中の駆動力管理(駆動力特性E)が困難である。
すなわち、走行中、ダウン変速要求とエンジン始動要求のタイミングが重なるのは、ドライバーがアクセル踏み込み操作を行うような加速要求が高いシーンである。
これに対し、比較例では、エンジン始動制御を先行させ、その後、ダウン変速制御を進行させるため、エンジン始動要求タイミングからドライバーが意図する駆動力に到達するまでに時間を要する。つまり、ドライバーの高い加速要求に応えられない。
エンジン始動要求とダウン変速要求が重なり合うタイミングで出される場合には同時処理が必要である。しかし、エンジン始動要求から離れたタイミングでダウン変速要求が出された場合には、エンジン始動要求に応えるエンジン始動制御の処理のみを行う。以下、これを反映するエンジン始動単独制御作用を説明する。
上記比較例の同時処理の場合、クランキング中の駆動力管理が困難であるし、ドライバーが意図する駆動力に到達するまで時間を要するという課題があり、これらの課題を解決する必要がある。以下、これを反映するエンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理作用を説明する。
なお、図8において、時刻t1は前処理を開始するダウン変速要求タイミングを示す。時刻t2は前処理終了時点であると共にトルク制御から回転数制御への切り替え時点を示す。時刻t3はエンジン始動要求タイミングを示す。時刻t4はモータ回転数制御による入力回転数制御の開始時点を示す。時刻t5は次変速段到達時点を示す。時刻t6はCL1同期時点を示す。時刻t7はエンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御の同時処理終了時点を示す。
したがって、クランキング中の駆動力管理を行うに際し、比較例のように、エンジン始動要求タイミングの違いにより異なる高さになるダウン変速制御の解放圧に依存することがない。すなわち、クランキング中の駆動力管理は、自動変速機ATの内部状態が次変速段の駆動力伝達状態に変化すると、図8の駆動力特性Jに示すように、第2クラッチCL2の容量管理により容易に行える。
したがって、図8の駆動力特性Kに示すように、エンジン始動要求の開始時点t3からドライバーが意図する駆動力に到達する時点(時刻t6の少し後の時点)までの時間が短縮される。
上記のように、エンジン始動制御に先行してダウン変速制御を行う同時処理を行う場合、始動およびダウン変速のショックやラグを、始動要求タイミングに依らず安定化することが必要である。以下、これを反映する回転数制御によるダウン変速作用を説明する。
この構成により、モータ/ジェネレータMGによる回転数上昇により応答良くダウン変速が進行する。また、ダウン変速の締結要素は、入力回転数が上昇した後に掴めば良いというように、油圧掛け替えによるダウン変速制御が簡単になる。
したがって、ダウン変速開始からダウン変速終了までの所要時間の短縮化が図られるばかりでなく、引きショックを防止したダウン変速制御を容易に行える。
エンジン始動制御は、駆動系に伝達されるトルクを大きく変動させる制御であり、大きなトルク変動に伴うエンジン始動ショックを抑える必要がある。以下、これを反映するCL2要素のスリップ締結作用を説明する。
すなわち、
・変速時の締結クラッチ要素と解放クラッチ要素と共に第2クラッチCL2も作動させる。
・第2クラッチCL2をスリップさせている間にエンジン始動と変速を終了させる。
・車両駆動力を第2クラッチCL2で実現するため、目標駆動力シェイプを第2クラッチ油圧として与える。
ようにしている。
・第2クラッチCL2をスリップさせるため、エンジン始動ショックを遮断できる。
・エンジン始動制御のみを行う単独始動時と同じ第2クラッチCL2を使用するため、単独始動時と同等の変動トルク遮断効果が期待できる。
・エンジン始動と変速制御を同時に進行するため、ドライバーの駆動力要求の意図に対するレスポンスが良い。
というメリットを得ることができる。
実施例1のFRハイブリッド車両の制御装置にあっては、下記に列挙する効果を得ることができる。
前記エンジンEngから駆動輪(左右後輪RL,RR)への駆動系に設けられ、駆動モータ機能以外にエンジン始動モータ機能を持つモータ(モータ/ジェネレータMG)と、
前記エンジンEngと前記モータ(モータ/ジェネレータMG)の間に介装され、締結によるハイブリッド車走行モード(HEV走行モード)と、解放による電気自動車走行モード(EV走行モード)を切り替える第1クラッチCL1と、
前記モータ(モータ/ジェネレータMG)と前記駆動輪(左右後輪RL,RR)との間に介装され、変速比を自動的に変更する自動変速機ATと、
前記モータ(モータ/ジェネレータMG)から前記駆動輪(左右後輪RL,RR)までの何れかの位置に介装され、エンジン始動制御中、スリップ締結状態を維持する第2クラッチCL2と、
走行中、始動要求に基づいて開始される前記エンジンEngの始動制御と、変速要求に基づいて開始される前記自動変速機ATのダウン変速制御と、を同時処理するとき、前記第1クラッチCL1のトルク容量制御により行う前記エンジンEngのクランキング中にダウン変速を終了させ、ダウン変速の終了により入力回転数が上昇した後、前記第1クラッチCL1の同期判定を行う始動/変速同時処理手段(図6)と、
を備える。
このため、走行中、エンジン始動制御とダウン変速制御を同時処理するとき、エンジン始動要求のタイミングに依らずクランキング中の駆動力管理の容易化を図ることができると共に、ドライバーが意図する駆動力の発生を早期化することができる。
このため、エンジン始動とダウン変速の同時処理時、ダウン変速開始からダウン変速終了までの所要時間の短縮化を図ることができるばかりでなく、引きショックを防止したダウン変速制御を容易に行うことができる。
前記始動/変速同時処理手段(図6)は、前記第2クラッチCL2の選択を、少なくともダウン変速後に締結されている摩擦要素で定義する(ステップS2)。
このため、エンジン始動とダウン変速の同時処理時、ダウン変速に続くクランキング中に変動トルクを遮断する第2クラッチCL2のスリップ締結状態が維持されることにより、エンジン始動ショックを効果的に抑えることができる。
Claims (3)
- エンジンと、
前記エンジンから駆動輪への駆動系に設けられ、駆動モータ機能以外にエンジン始動モータ機能を持つモータと、
前記エンジンと前記モータの間に介装され、締結によるハイブリッド車走行モードと、解放による電気自動車走行モードを切り替える第1クラッチと、
前記モータと前記駆動輪との間に介装され、変速比を自動的に変更する自動変速機と、
前記モータから前記駆動輪までの何れかの位置に介装され、エンジン始動制御中、スリップ締結状態を維持する第2クラッチと、
走行中のエンジン始動のために前記モータによってエンジン回転数を上昇させるエンジン回転数上昇制御と、前記自動変速機のダウン変速制御と、を並行して処理するとき、前記モータによるエンジン回転数上昇制御中に、前記ダウン変速制御による入力回転数の上昇を、前記モータによるモータトルクを使って目標入力回転数まで上昇させる始動/変速同時処理手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載されたハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、
前記第2クラッチは、前記自動変速機での複数の変速段を得る複数の摩擦要素のうち、駆動力伝達経路に配置される摩擦要素の1つを選択したものであり、
前記始動/変速同時処理手段は、前記第2クラッチの選択を、少なくともダウン変速後に締結されている摩擦要素で定義する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。 - 請求項2に記載されたハイブリッド車両の制御装置において、
前記始動/変速同時処理手段は、前記モータの目標回転数を、ダウン変速の次変速段の目標入力回転数に所定値を加えた値に設定する
ことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の制御装置。
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