WO2012095038A1 - 载波侦听的方法和系统 - Google Patents
载波侦听的方法和系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012095038A1 WO2012095038A1 PCT/CN2012/070414 CN2012070414W WO2012095038A1 WO 2012095038 A1 WO2012095038 A1 WO 2012095038A1 CN 2012070414 W CN2012070414 W CN 2012070414W WO 2012095038 A1 WO2012095038 A1 WO 2012095038A1
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- frame
- cca
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- receiving end
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 101000752249 Homo sapiens Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- OVGWMUWIRHGGJP-WVDJAODQSA-N (z)-7-[(1s,3r,4r,5s)-3-[(e,3r)-3-hydroxyoct-1-enyl]-6-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-4-yl]hept-5-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C[C@@H]1[C@@H](/C=C/[C@H](O)CCCCC)C[C@@H]2S[C@H]1C2 OVGWMUWIRHGGJP-WVDJAODQSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
- H04W74/0808—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA]
- H04W74/0816—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA using carrier sensing, e.g. carrier sense multiple access [CSMA] with collision avoidance
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a carrier sensing method and system. Background technique
- the distributed channel access characteristics make the carrier sensing mechanism the key to avoiding transmission collisions.
- the transmitting end needs to perform idle channel evaluation and detection on the transmission channel through the Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) module before starting to transmit data, to determine whether the transmission channel is idle, and only if the transmission channel is idle.
- CCA Clear Channel Assessment
- the data transfer begins only in the case.
- STA1 Site 1
- AP Access Point
- STA2 can detect the data transmission between STA1 and the AP, so that the transmission channel of the AP is occupied by STA1.
- STA3 which is far away from STA1 and AP, may only detect the behavior of the AP sending data to STA1 due to the distance, and cannot detect the behavior of STA1 sending data to the AP. Therefore, for data transmission between STA1 and AP, STA3 is a hidden node.
- STA3 cannot detect the above data transmission. Therefore, it is possible to judge that the transmission channel for transmitting data to the AP is in an idle state, so STA3 will also start transmitting data to the AP, thereby causing a transmission conflict.
- a Send Request (RTS, Request to Send)/CTS (Clear to Send) mechanism is introduced in the WLAN.
- RTS Send Request
- CTS Clear to Send
- the transmitting end broadcasts an RTS frame after detecting that the required transmission channel is idle, and the RTS frame includes a network allocation vector (NAV) period and a response address.
- NAV network allocation vector
- the network device When any network device in the network receives the RTS frame, if it is known that the response address in the RTS frame is different from the MAC address of the network device, the network device does not respond, but simply sets itself to: The data transmission is not performed during the NAV period; if it is known that the response address in the RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the network device, the network device determines whether the transmission channel (or transmission medium) of the network is idle through the CCA module. If yes, return the CTS frame to the above sender; otherwise, no response is made.
- the maximum frequency band of the WLAN has been extended from 40 ⁇ to 160 Mbps as defined by IEEE 802.11 ⁇ , so that up to eight 20 ⁇ transmission channels can be occupied in the frequency domain, wherein the eight transmission channels It includes one primary channel and multiple secondary channels.
- the transmitting device needs to transmit an RTS frame on each 20M transmission channel; and when a receiving device receives the above RTS frame, The response address in the RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving device, and the receiving device needs to coordinate the CCA result according to the point coordination function frame spacing (PIFS) time before receiving the RTS frame on each 20M transmission channel.
- PIFS point coordination function frame spacing
- the CCA module of the receiving device Since the receiving device needs to perform the idle channel judgment according to the result of the CCA in the PIFS time before receiving the RTS, and decide whether to respond to the CTS frame, the CCA module of the receiving device must always maintain the detection of each transmission channel in preparation for possible occurrence.
- the RTS frame is such that the power consumption of the receiving device is large.
- all active receiving devices are required to always turn on the CCA module to perform CCA detection on all channels and obtain a CCA result when receiving an idle state, thereby receiving at the receiving device. After the RTS frame, it can judge whether to return the CTS frame according to the CCA result.
- the receiving device since the receiving device will always turn on the CCA module to perform CCA detection on the primary channel and all secondary channels, the power consumption of the receiving device is large.
- all active receiving devices are required to use the CCA module to perform CCA detection on the primary channel in the transmission channel and obtain the CCA result when the idle receiving device is in an idle state, but it is not correct.
- the secondary channel performs CCA detection. After receiving the corresponding RTS frame, the receiving device will return the CTS frame of each channel to the transmitting device according to the CCA result of the primary channel. In this method, since the receiving device performs CCA detection only on the primary channel without performing CCA detection on the secondary channel, the power consumption of the receiving device can be reduced.
- the receiving device since the receiving device does not perform CCA detection on the secondary channel, it will not be able to provide a reliable secondary channel CCA result, so the receiving device may return an erroneous CTS frame to the transmitting device (for example, when a certain channel is being used) The receiving device returns a CTS frame to the transmitting device to notify the transmitting device that the channel is in an idle state, thereby causing a transmission conflict.
- a method and system for carrier sensing is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, so that power consumption of the receiving device can be effectively reduced.
- a method of data transmission comprising:
- the transmitting end sends a clear channel assessment CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected, and after transmitting the CCA request frame, the point coordinates the functional frame spacing PIFS, and sends and sends on the transport channel to be detected. Requesting an RTS frame;
- the transmitting end After receiving the grant to transmit the CTS frame, the transmitting end performs data transmission on the transport channel transmitting the CTS frame.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for listening to a data carrier, the method comprising: receiving, by the receiving end, a CCA request frame according to a clear channel received from a primary channel in a transmission channel thereof, all of the receiving end
- the transmission channel performs CCA detection, and obtains the CCA result of all the transmission channels within the point coordination function frame spacing PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame;
- the receiving end receives the transmission request RTS frame sent by the transmitting end, if the received RTS The response address in the frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, and determining, according to the CCA result of the transport channel, whether the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is idle, and the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is in an idle state.
- the CTS frame is transmitted through the transmission channel that receives the RTS frame.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a transmitting end for carrier sensing, where the transmitting end includes: a sending module, configured to send a clear channel to evaluate a CCA request frame on a primary channel in a transport channel that needs to be detected, And sending a transmission request RTS frame on the transmission channel that needs to be detected after the point coordinate function frame spacing PIFS after the CCA request frame is sent;
- a sending module configured to send a clear channel to evaluate a CCA request frame on a primary channel in a transport channel that needs to be detected, And sending a transmission request RTS frame on the transmission channel that needs to be detected after the point coordinate function frame spacing PIFS after the CCA request frame is sent;
- a receiving module configured to receive a permission to send a CTS frame sent by the receiving end, and send the received CTS frame to the data transmission module;
- a data transmission module configured to perform data transmission on a transmission channel that transmits the CTS frame according to the received CTS frame.
- the embodiment of the present invention further provides a receiving end for carrier sensing, the receiving end comprising: a receiving module, a clear channel evaluation CCA module, a determining module, and a sending module;
- the receiving module is configured to receive a CCA request frame from a primary channel in a transport channel of the receiving end, send the received CCA request frame to the CCA module, and receive a sending request RTS from a transport channel of the receiving end.
- the CCA module configured to perform CCA detection on all transport channels of the receiving end according to the received CCA request frame, and after receiving the CCA request frame
- the point coordination function frame spacing PIFS obtaining the CCA result of all the transmission channels of the receiving end; sending the CCA result to the determining module;
- the determining module is configured to determine whether the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, and if the same, determine, according to the CCA result of the transmission channel of the received RTS frame, the RTS is received. Whether the transmission channel of the frame is idle;
- the sending module is configured to send a CTS frame by using the transport channel that receives the RTS frame when the transport channel that receives the RTS frame is in an idle state.
- a carrier sense system is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes: a transmitting end and at least one receiving end;
- the transmitting end is configured to send a clear channel evaluation CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transmission channel that needs to be detected, and after the point coordinate function frame spacing PIFS after transmitting the CCA request frame, in the need to detect Transmitting a transmission request RTS frame on the transmission channel; and after receiving the permission to send the CTS frame sent by the receiving end, performing data transmission on the transmission channel transmitting the CTS frame;
- the receiving end is configured to perform CCA detection on all transmission channels of the receiving end according to a CCA request frame received from a primary channel in a transmission channel, and obtain the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame.
- the CCA result of all the transmission channels receiving the RTS frame sent by the transmitting end, if the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, determining, according to the CCA result of the transmission channel, receiving the RTS frame Whether the transmission channel is idle, and transmitting a CTS frame through the transmission channel receiving the RTS frame when the transmission channel receiving the RTS frame is in an idle state.
- a method and system for carrier sensing is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the transmitting end since the transmitting end sends a CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected before transmitting the RTS frame, the receiving end only has the primary channel in its transmission channel. After receiving the CCA request frame, all the transmissions of the CCA module to the receiving end will be started.
- the channel performs CCA detection, and obtains the CCA result of all its transmission channels within the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame. Therefore, the receiving end does not have to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels before receiving the RTS frame.
- the CCA results which can greatly reduce the power consumption of the receiving end.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a carrier sense mechanism in the prior art.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for data transmission in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a CCA request frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a carrier sensing method at a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a carrier sensing method at a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a carrier sense system according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
- a data transmission method comprising: transmitting, by a transmitting end, a clear channel assessment CCA request frame on a primary channel in a transport channel to be detected, and transmitting the CCA request frame After the point coordination function frame spacing PIFS, sending a transmission request RTS frame on the transmission channel to be detected;
- the transmitting end After receiving the grant to transmit the CTS frame, the transmitting end performs data transmission on the transport channel transmitting the CTS frame.
- a method for listening to a data carrier comprising: receiving, by the receiving end, a CCA request frame according to a clear channel received from a primary channel in a transmission channel, the receiving All the transmission channels of the terminal perform CCA detection, and obtain the CCA result of all the transmission channels within the point coordination function frame spacing PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame; the receiving end receives the transmission request RTS frame sent by the transmitting end, if received The response address in the RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, and then determining, according to the CCA result of the transport channel, whether the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is idle, and the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is in the In the idle state, the CTS frame is transmitted through the transmission channel that receives the RTS frame.
- a transmitting end for carrier sensing is also provided, and the transmitting end is further provided.
- a sending module configured to send a clear channel evaluation CCA request frame on a primary channel in the transport channel that needs to be detected, and after the point coordinate coordination function frame spacing PIFS after transmitting the CCA request frame, in the transmission that needs to be detected Sending a transmission request RTS frame on the channel;
- a receiving module configured to receive a permission to send a CTS frame sent by the receiving end, and send the received CTS frame to the data transmission module;
- a data transmission module configured to perform data transmission on a transmission channel that transmits the CTS frame according to the received CTS frame.
- a receiving end for carrier sensing is further provided, where the receiving end includes: a receiving module, a clear channel evaluation CCA module, a determining module, and a sending module;
- the receiving module is configured to receive a CCA request frame from a primary channel in a transport channel of the receiving end, send the received CCA request frame to the CCA module, and receive a sending request RTS from a transport channel of the receiving end. a frame, and sending the received RTS frame to the determining module; the CCA module, configured to perform CCA detection on all transport channels of the receiving end according to the received CCA request frame, and after receiving the CCA request frame Point coordination function frame spacing
- the determining module is configured to determine whether the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, and if the same, determine, according to the CCA result of the transmission channel of the received RTS frame, the RTS is received. Whether the transmission channel of the frame is idle;
- the sending module is configured to send a CTS frame by using the transport channel that receives the RTS frame when the transport channel that receives the RTS frame is in an idle state.
- a carrier sense system is further provided, where the system includes: a transmitting end and at least one receiving end;
- the transmitting end is configured to send a clear channel evaluation CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transmission channel that needs to be detected, and after the point coordinate function frame spacing PIFS after transmitting the CCA request frame, in the need to detect Transmitting a transmission request RTS frame on the transmission channel; and after receiving the permission to send the CTS frame sent by the receiving end, performing data transmission on the transmission channel transmitting the CTS frame;
- the receiving end is configured to receive a CCA request according to a primary channel from a transmission channel thereof a frame, performing CCA detection on all transmission channels of the receiving end, and obtaining a CCA result of all transmission channels within a PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame; receiving an RTS frame sent by the transmitting end, if the received RTS frame The response address in the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, determining whether the transmission channel receiving the RTS frame is idle according to the CCA result of the transmission channel, and when the transmission channel receiving the RTS frame is in an idle state, The CTS frame is transmitted through the transmission channel that receives the RTS frame.
- data transmission is being performed between a station (STA) and an access point (AP, Access Point) in the WLAN.
- STA station
- AP access point
- the AP can be considered a special site. It can be considered that the station (STA) and the access point are the sender and receiver of each other.
- the method of carrier sensing includes the following steps:
- Step 201 The transmitting end sends a CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected, and sends an RTS frame on the transport channel to be detected after transmitting the PIFS after the CCA request frame.
- the transmitting end may first send a CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected before sending the RTS frame. Thereby, the receiving end can be notified to perform CCA detection on all transmission channels that need to be detected. After transmitting the CCA request frame, the transmitting end does not immediately send the RTS frame, but sends the RTS frame on all the required detected transmission channels after transmitting the PIFS after the CCA request frame, thereby leaving the receiving end The time for the corresponding CCA test.
- the CCA request frame may be a SCR (Secondary Channel CCA Request) frame.
- the CCA request frame may include a user mode indication or a target identifier of the CCA request.
- the user mode indication is used to indicate a user mode used by the CCA request frame; the user mode used by the CCA request frame includes: a multi-user (MU) mode and a single-user (SU) mode, respectively indicating the Whether the CCA request frame is sent to a receiver or a receiver group. Therefore, the above user mode indication can also be referred to as a MU/SU mode indication.
- the CCA request frame will be sent to a certain receiving end; if the user mode is MU mode, the CCA request frame will be It is sent to a receiving group, which includes at least two receiving ends.
- the target identifier of the CCA request is used to indicate the identifier information of the receiving end of the CCA request.
- the target identifier of the CCA request may be identifier information of the receiving end, for example, an association identifier (AID) or a medium access control (MAC) address of the receiving end, and when the user mode is the MU mode.
- the target identifier of the CCA request may be the identifier information of the receiving end group, for example, the group identifier (GID) of the receiving end group, or the AID or MAC address of each receiving end in the receiving end group.
- GID group identifier
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a CCA request frame in an embodiment of the present invention.
- the CCA request frame may occupy 2 bytes, that is, include 16 bits, where the first bit in the CCA request frame is used for user mode indication (ie, MU/SU mode). Indication, for example, when the value of the bit is 0, it is expressed as SU mode; and when the value of the bit is 1, it is represented as MU mode; the 2nd to 13th bits in the CCA request frame are used.
- user mode indication ie, MU/SU mode
- Indication for example, when the value of the bit is 0, it is expressed as SU mode; and when the value of the bit is 1, it is represented as MU mode; the 2nd to 13th bits in the CCA request frame are used.
- the target identifier of the CCA request according to the value of the second to the 13th bit, the identification information of the receiving end, for example, the identification information such as the AID, the GID or the MAC address of the receiving end; and the 14th in the CCA request frame. ⁇ 16 bits are reserved.
- Step 202 The receiving end performs CCA detection on all transmission channels of the receiving end according to the CCA request frame received from the primary channel in its transmission channel, and obtains all transmissions within the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame.
- the CCA result of the channel The CCA result of the channel.
- the receiving end after the receiving end receives the CCA request frame sent by the transmitting end on the primary channel in its transmission channel, it can be known that the transmitting end needs to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels of the receiving end. Therefore, the receiving end can start the CCA module according to the received CCA request frame, perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels of the receiving end, and obtain the CCA result of all the transmission channels within the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame.
- the receiving end does not need to start the CCA module to perform CCA detection on all its transmission channels to obtain the CCA result before receiving the CCA request frame;
- the CCA module is enabled to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels to obtain the CCA result, thereby greatly reducing the power consumption of the receiving end, and also for all transmissions.
- the channels all provide reliable CCA results.
- Step 203 The receiving end receives the RTS frame sent by the sending end, if the RTS frame is received. If the response address is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, determining, according to the CCA result of the transport channel, whether the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is idle, and when the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is in an idle state, A transmission channel that receives the RTS frame transmits a CTS frame.
- the receiving end determines whether the response address in the RTS frame is the same as its own MAC address; if not, the receiving end will not do any And if the same, the receiving end determines whether the transmission channel of the RTS frame is idle according to the CCA result of the transmission channel, and determines whether to return a CTS frame to the transmitting end according to the determination result.
- the receiving end when the transmission channel is in an idle state, the receiving end will return a CTS frame to the transmitting end on the transmission channel, thereby informing the transmitting end that the transmission channel is in an idle state; when the transmission channel is in a non-idle state (for example, When the data is being transmitted, the receiving end will not respond to the transmitting end on the transmission channel.
- Step 204 After receiving the CTS frame returned by the receiving end, the transmitting end performs data transmission on the transmission channel that returns the CTS frame.
- the transmitting end after the transmitting end receives the CTS frame returned by the receiving end, it can know which transport channels are in an idle state, and therefore, the transmitting end can perform data transmission on the transport channel that returns the CTS frame.
- the transmitting end since the transmitting end sends a CCA request on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected before transmitting the RTS frame, The receiving end only starts the CCA module to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels of the receiving end after receiving the CCA request frame from the primary channel in its transmission channel, and the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame The CCA result of all the transmission channels is obtained.
- the receiving end does not have to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels to obtain the CCA result before receiving the RTS frame, thereby greatly reducing the working time of the CCA module at the receiving end, and effectively To reduce the power consumption of the receiving end; in addition, since the receiving end receives the CCA request frame, it will perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels and obtain the CCA result, thereby reducing the power consumption of the receiving end and providing reliable CCA results for all transport channels.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a carrier sensing method at a transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the carrier sensing method of the transmitting end includes the following steps:
- Step 401 The transmitting end sends a CCA on the primary channel of the transport channel to be detected.
- the frame is sought, and after the PIFS after transmitting the above CCA request frame, the RTS frame is transmitted on all the transmission channels that are required to be detected.
- This step is the same as step 201 in FIG. 2 above, and details are not described herein again.
- Step 402 After receiving the CTS frame returned by the receiving end, the transmitting end performs data transmission on the transmission channel that returns the CTS frame.
- This step is the same as step 204 in Fig. 2 above, and will not be described again.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a carrier sensing method at a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, the carrier sensing method of the receiving end includes the following steps:
- Step 501 The receiving end starts the CCA module to perform CCA detection on all the transmission channels of the receiving end according to the CCA request frame received from the primary channel in the transmission channel, and obtains the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame.
- the CCA result of all its transport channels.
- This step is the same as step 202 in FIG. 2 above, and details are not described herein again.
- Step 502 After receiving the RTS frame on the transmission channel, if the receiving end receives the RTS frame and the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, the receiving end determines whether the transmission channel is idle according to the CCA result of the transmission channel, and It is determined according to the judgment result whether or not the CTS frame is returned to the transmitting end.
- This step is the same as step 203 in FIG. 2 above, and details are not described herein again.
- a carrier sense system is also provided.
- data transmission is being performed between a station (STA) and an access point (AP, Access Point) in the WLAN.
- STA station
- AP access point
- APs can be considered a special site.
- the station (STA) and the access point can be considered as the transmitting end and the receiving end. Therefore, the sender and the receiver may be STAs or APs, respectively.
- the transmitting end and the receiving end use the method in the foregoing method embodiment to perform the path, so
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a carrier sense system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the carrier sense system 600 includes: a transmitting end 601 and at least one receiving end 602.
- the sending end 601 is configured to send a CCA request frame on the primary channel in the transport channel to be detected, and send the PIFS after transmitting the CCA request frame on all the required detected transport channels.
- RTS frame and after receiving the CTS frame sent by the receiving end 602, Performing data transmission on a transmission channel transmitting a CTS frame;
- the receiving end 602 is configured to perform CCA detection on all transport channels of the receiving end 602 according to the CCA request frame received from the primary channel in the transport channel, and within the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame. Obtaining the CCA result of all the transmission channels; receiving the RTS frame sent by the transmitting end, if the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end 602, determining the receiving station according to the CCA result of the transmission channel Whether the transport channel of the RTS frame is idle, and when the transport channel receiving the RTS frame is in an idle state, transmitting a CTS frame by using the transport channel that receives the RTS frame.
- the sending end 601 further includes: a sending module 6011, a receiving module 6012, and a data transmission module 6013.
- the sending module 6011 is configured to send a CCA request frame on a primary channel in a transport channel to be detected, and send an RTS frame on all required detected transport channels after transmitting the PIFS after the CCA request frame. ;
- the receiving module 6012 is configured to receive a CTS frame sent by the receiving end 602, and send the received CTS frame to the data transmission module 6013;
- the data transmission module 6013 is configured to perform data transmission on a transmission channel that transmits a CTS frame according to the received CTS frame.
- the receiving end 602 further includes: a receiving module 6021, a CCA module 6022, a determining module 6023, and a sending module 6024.
- the receiving module 6021 is configured to receive a CCA request frame from a primary channel in a transport channel of the receiving end 602, and send the received CCA request frame to the CCA module 6022. From the transmission channel of the receiving end 602 Receiving an RTS frame, and sending the received RTS frame to the determining module 6023;
- the CCA module 6022 is configured to perform CCA detection on all transport channels of the receiving end 602 according to the received CCA request frame, and obtain all transport channels of the receiving end 602 within the PIFS after receiving the CCA request frame. CCA result; sending the CCA result to the determining module 6023;
- the determining module 6023 is configured to determine whether the response address in the received RTS frame is the same as the MAC address of the receiving end, and if the same, determine the receiving the RTS according to the CCA result of the transmission channel of the received RTS frame. Whether the transmission channel of the frame is idle;
- the sending module 6024 is configured to send a CTS frame by using the transport channel that receives the RTS frame when the transport channel that receives the RTS frame is in an idle state.
- the receiving module is further configured to continue to receive data sent by the sending end by using the transmission channel.
- the CCA request frame is an SCR frame.
- a defined management frame or control frame or a data frame with a special identifier may also be utilized as a CCA request.
- the CCA request frame may be a VHT Action frame (VHT: Very high throughput; the VHT Action frame may be referred to as a very high speed transmission action frame).
- VHT Very high throughput
- the VHT Action frame may be referred to as a very high speed transmission action frame.
- the sender sends a VHT Action frame on the primary channel in the transport channel that needs to be detected.
- the value of the VHT Action field in the VHT Action frame in this embodiment is defined as shown in Table 1.
- the VHT Action frame is a CCA request frame. This frame is used to inform the STA that it is ready to send an RTS.
- the VHT Action frame is a CCA request frame, its format is as shown in Table 2 below:
- Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement (Start/Stop CCA Idle Time Management)
- the user mode indication is an optional field, and the AID/GID field reserves enough bits.
- the Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement is also optional and is used to indicate that the secondary channel detection is initiated or disabled. If there is no such field, the secondary channel detection is initiated when the CCA request frame is received.
- the MU/SU mode indication is for the CCA request frame to be sent to a receiving device or a group of receiving devices.
- the CCA request target identifier may be the AID or MAC address of the receiving device in the SU mode, and may identify the receiving device.
- the GID may identify a receiving device group or multiple AID/MAC addresses.
- the CCA request frame may also be a data frame.
- a CCA request may be included in the data frame sent at least PIFS time before the RTS is sent. That is, the CCA request is carried in a data frame, which includes the target identifier including the user mode indication or the CCA request.
- the content of the specific CCA request is as described in the previous embodiment. In this embodiment, it is carried in the same data frame. For example, the bit related to the CCA request may be placed at the end of the data frame.
- the CCA request frame includes a user mode indication or a target identifier of the CCA request.
- a secondary channel detection indication may be further included in the CCA request frame, for indicating that the STA turns on the secondary channel CCA detection or turns off the secondary channel CCA detection.
- the AP can inform the STA whether to use the CCA request frame to indicate the secondary channel CCA detection.
- the Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement can be used to indicate whether the frame is used to enable or disable the secondary channel CCA detection module, or to add this field to the data frame.
- the channel detection indication is included in the request frame of the CCA, if the indication is to indicate that the secondary channel detection is off, then only the detection of the primary channel is performed, and if the indication is indicated that the secondary channel detection is turned on, the CCA detection of the secondary channel is performed. In the CCA test, the primary channel can be detected first. If the STA receives the secondary channel CCA detection indication, the CCA detection on the secondary channel is sequentially turned on or off according to the value of the indication bit.
- the transmitting end and the receiving end and the system use the methods in the foregoing method embodiments to perform communication, and the transmitting end and the receiving end can complete the foregoing method and each process, so the introduction of the system uses the transmitting end and For the method at the receiving end, refer to the description in the method embodiment, and the CCA request frame sent by each module can be used as described above.
- the carrier sensing system may have multiple receiving ends.
- the structure and connection relationship of each receiving end are the same as the structure and connection relationship of the receiving end in FIG. 6 described above.
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Description
载波侦听的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明涉及通信技术领域， 特别涉及载波侦听的方法和系统。 背景技术
在 IEEE802.il无线局域网 （ WLAN ) 中， 分布式的信道接入特性使得载 波侦听机制成为避免传输冲突的关键。 在载波侦听机制中， 发送端在开始传 输数据之前， 需要通过空闲信道评估 （CCA, Clear Channel Assessment )模 块对传输信道进行空闲信道评估检测， 以判断传输信道是否空闲， 并只有在 传输信道空闲的情况下才开始数据传输。 然而， 在实际应用环境中， 发送端 不可能检测到所有其他设备的传输信道的情况。 例如， 如图 1所示， 图 1中 的站点 1 ( STA1 )和接入点 ( AP, Access Point )之间正在进行数据传输。 此时， STA2可以侦测到 STA1和 AP之间的数据传输， 从而得知 AP的传输 信道已被 STA1 占用。 但是， 与 STA1和 AP距离较远的 STA3 , 由于距离的 原因，很可能仅能侦测到 AP向 STA1发送数据的行为， 而无法侦测到 STA1 向 AP发送数据的行为。 因此， 对于 STA1和 AP之间的数据传输， STA3是 一个隐藏节点。 当 STA1正在向 AP发送数据时， STA3无法侦测到上述数据 传输， 因此有可能判断向 AP 发送数据的传输信道正处于空闲状态， 所以 STA3也将开始向 AP发送数据， 从而造成传输冲突。
为了解决上述的隐藏节点的问题， 在 WLAN中引入了发送请求（RTS, Request to send ) /准许发送（ CTS, Clear to send )机制。 在该 RTS/ CTS机 制中， 发送端在侦测到所需的传输信道空闲后， 将广播一个 RTS帧， 该 RTS 帧中包括一个网络分配矢量（NAV, Network allocation vector ) 时段和一个 回应地址。 当网络中的任意一个网络设备接收到该 RTS 帧时， 如果获知该 RTS帧中的回应地址与该网络设备的 MAC地址不同， 则该网络设备不做任 何回应， 而只是将自身设置为： 在该 NAV时段内不进行数据的发送； 如果 获知该 RTS帧中的回应地址与该网络设备的 MAC地址相同 ,则该网络设备 将通过 CCA模块判断自身的传输信道 (或称为传输介质 )是否空闲， 如果 是， 则向上述发送端返回 CTS帧； 否则， 不做任何回应。
而在新一代的 IEEE 802.1 lac 标准中， WLAN 的最大频带已从 IEEE 802.11η所规定的 40Μ扩展到 160M, 因此在频域上最多可以占用 8个 20Μ 的传输信道， 其中， 该 8个传输信道中包括一个主信道和多个次信道。 为了 避免上述的信道中的隐藏节点问题， 在新的 IEEE 802.11ac标准中规定， 发 射设备需要在每个 20M的传输信道上都发送 RTS帧； 而当一个接收设备接 收到上述 RTS帧后， 如果该 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接收设备的 MAC地 址相同， 则该接收设备需要在每个 20M的传输信道上都根据收到 RTS帧之 前的点协调功能帧间距（PIFS ) 时间内的 CCA结果， 判断该传输信道是否 空闲； 如果该传输信道空闲， 则向发射设备返回 CTS 帧； 否则， 不做任何 回应。
由于接收设备需要根据收到 RTS之前的 PIFS时间内 CCA的结果进行空 闲信道判断， 并决定是否回应 CTS帧， 因此接收设备的 CCA模块必须一直 保持对每个传输信道的检测， 以备可能出现的 RTS帧，从而使得接收设备的 功率消耗较大。
例如， 在现有技术中的一种载波侦听方法中， 要求所有活跃的接收设备 在处于空闲状态时，必须一直打开 CCA模块对所有信道都进行 CCA检测并 得到 CCA结果， 从而在接收设备接收到 RTS帧后， 可以及时根据 CCA结 果判断是否返回 CTS帧。 在该方法中， 由于接收设备将一直打开 CCA模块 对主信道和所有的次信道都进行 CCA检测，所以接收设备的功率消耗很大。
而在现有技术中的另一种载波侦听方法中， 要求所有活跃的接收设备在 处于空闲状态时，必须使用 CCA模块对传输信道中的主信道进行 CCA检测 并得到 CCA结果， 但并不对次信道进行 CCA检测。 当接收设备接收到相应 的 RTS帧后， 该接收设备将根据主信道的 CCA结果， 向发送设备返回各个 信道的 CTS帧。 在该方法中， 由于接收设备仅对主信道进行 CCA检测而不 对次信道进行 CCA检测， 因此可以降低接收设备的功率消耗。 但是， 由于 该接收设备不对次信道进行 CCA检测， 因此将无法提供可靠的次信道的 CCA结果， 所以该接收设备有可能向发射设备返回错误的 CTS帧 （例如， 当某一次信道正在被使用时， 该接收设备却向发射设备返回 CTS 帧， 通知 发射设备该次信道处于空闲状态）， 从而导致传输冲突。
综上可知， 在现有技术的载波侦听方法中， 接收设备的功耗都较大； 而
如果降低接收设备的功耗，则将难以提供所有传输信道的可靠的 CCA结果。 发明内容
本发明的实施例中提供了载波侦听的方法和系统， 从而可有效地降低接 收设备的功耗。
根据上述目的， 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种数据传输的方法， 该方法包括：
发送端在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之后， 在所述 需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧；
发送端在接收到准许发送 CTS帧之后，在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行 数据传输。
本发明的实施例中还提供了一种侦听数据载波的方法， 该方法包括： 接收端根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求 帧之后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收端接收发送端发送的发送请求 RTS帧，如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回 应地址与所述接收端的 MAC地址相同， 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA结果 判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲， 并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传 输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
本发明的实施例中还提供了一种用于载波侦听的发送端，该发送端包括： 发送模块 , 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信道 评估 CCA请求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后， 在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧；
接收模块， 用于接收所述接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧， 并将接收到的 CTS帧发送给所述数据传输模块；
数据传输模块， 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上 进行数据传输。
本发明的实施例中还提供了一种用于载波侦听的接收端，该接收端包括： 接收模块、 空闲信道评估 CCA模块、 判断模块和发送模块；
所述接收模块，用于从所述接收端的传输信道中的主信道上接收 CCA请 求帧， 将接收到的 CCA请求帧发送给所述 CCA模块； 从所述接收端的传输 信道上接收发送请求 RTS帧， 并将接收到的 RTS帧发送给所述判断模块； 所述 CCA模块， 用于根据接收到的 CCA请求帧对所述接收端的所有传 输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之内， 获得所述接收端的所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 将所述 CCA结 果发送给所述判断模块；
所述判断模块， 用于判断所述接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与所述接收 端的 MAC地址是否相同， 如果相同， 则根据接收到的 RTS帧的传输信道的 CCA结果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲；
所述发送模块，用于在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
本发明的实施例中还提供了一种载波侦听系统， 该系统包括： 发送端和 至少一个接收端； 其中，
所述发送端， 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信 道评估 CCA请求帧，并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后，在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧； 并在接收到所述 接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧之后， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行数据 传输；
所述接收端， 用于根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请求 帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧 之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收发送端发送的 RTS帧 , 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接收端的 MAC地址相同 , 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA 结果判断接收所述 RTS 帧的传输信道是否空 闲，并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述接收所 述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
由上可知， 在本发明的实施例中提供了载波侦听的方法和系统。 在载波 侦听的方法中， 由于发送端在发送 RTS帧之前，将先在所需检测的传输信道 中的主信道上发送一个 CCA请求帧； 而接收端则只有从其传输信道中的主 信道上接收到 CCA请求帧之后，才会启动 CCA模块对该接收端的所有传输
信道进行 CCA检测 , 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的 PIFS之内 , 获得其所 有传输信道的 CCA结果， 因此， 接收端不必在接收到 RTS帧之前， 一直对 所有的传输信道进行 CCA检测以获得 CCA结果，从而能够大大地降低接收 端的功耗。 附图说明
图 1为现有技术中的载波侦听机制的示意图。
图 2为本发明实施例中的数据传输的方法流程图。
图 3是本发明实施例中的 CCA请求帧的结构示意图。
图 4为本发明实施例中的发送端的载波侦听方法的流程图。
图 5为本发明实施例中的接收端的载波侦听方法的流程图。
图 6为本发明实施例中的载波侦听系统的结构示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
在本发明的实施例中， 提出了一种数据传输的方法， 该方法包括： 发送端在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之后， 在所述 需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧；
发送端在接收到准许发送 CTS帧之后，在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行 数据传输。
在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种侦听数据载波的方法， 该方法包括： 接收端根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求 帧之后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收端接收发送端发送的发送请求 RTS帧，如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回 应地址与所述接收端的 MAC地址相同， 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA结果 判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲， 并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传 输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种用于载波侦听的发送端， 该发送端
包括：
发送模块 , 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信道 评估 CCA请求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后， 在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧；
接收模块， 用于接收所述接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧， 并将接收到的 CTS帧发送给所述数据传输模块；
数据传输模块， 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上 进行数据传输。
在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种用于载波侦听的接收端， 该接收端 包括： 接收模块、 空闲信道评估 CCA模块、 判断模块和发送模块；
所述接收模块，用于从所述接收端的传输信道中的主信道上接收 CCA请 求帧， 将接收到的 CCA请求帧发送给所述 CCA模块； 从所述接收端的传输 信道上接收发送请求 RTS帧， 并将接收到的 RTS帧发送给所述判断模块； 所述 CCA模块， 用于根据接收到的 CCA请求帧对所述接收端的所有传 输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的点协调功能帧间距
PIFS之内， 获得所述接收端的所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 将所述 CCA结 果发送给所述判断模块；
所述判断模块， 用于判断所述接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与所述接收 端的 MAC地址是否相同， 如果相同， 则根据接收到的 RTS帧的传输信道的 CCA结果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲；
所述发送模块，用于在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种载波侦听系统， 该系统包括： 发送 端和至少一个接收端； 其中，
所述发送端， 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信 道评估 CCA请求帧，并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后，在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧； 并在接收到所述 接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧之后， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行数据 传输；
所述接收端， 用于根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请求
帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧 之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收发送端发送的 RTS帧 , 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接收端的 MAC地址相同 , 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA 结果判断接收所述 RTS 帧的传输信道是否空 闲，并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述接收所 述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
为了使本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点更加清楚明白， 以下举具体实施 例并参照附图， 对本发明的技术方案进行进一步详细的说明。
另外，本发明实施例是 WLAN中站点（ STA )和接入点 ( AP , Access Point ) 之间正在进行数据传输。 有些时候可以认为 AP是一个特殊的站点。 可以认 为站点 （ STA )和接入点互为发送端和接收端。
图 2为本发明实施例中的数据传输的方法流程图。 如图 2所示， 所述载 波侦听的方法包括如下所述的步骤：
步骤 201 , 发送端在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个 CCA请 求帧， 并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的 PIFS之后， 在需要检测的传输信道上 发送 RTS帧。
在本步骤中， 如果发送端需要对某些传输信道的空闲状况进行检测， 则 该发送端在发送 RTS帧之前，可首先在所需检测的传输信道中的主信道上发 送一个 CCA请求帧， 从而可以通知接收端对所需检测的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测。 在发送上述 CCA请求帧之后， 发送端并不立即发送 RTS帧， 而 是在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的 PIFS之后，再在所有所需检测的传输信道上 发送 RTS帧， 从而给接收端留出进行相应的 CCA检测的时间。
其中， 在本发明的具体实施例中， 所述 CCA请求帧可以是一个此信道 CCA请求（ SCR, Secondary channel CCA Request )帧。 另夕卜， 所述 CCA请 求帧中可以包括用户模式指示或 CCA请求的目标标识。 其中， 所述用户模 式指示， 用于表示该 CCA请求帧所使用的用户模式； 所述 CCA请求帧所使 用的用户模式包括： 多用户 （MU )模式和单用户 （SU )模式， 分别表示该 CCA请求帧是发送给一个接收端还是一个接收端组。 因此， 上述用户模式 指示也可称之为 MU/ SU模式指示。如果用户模式为 SU模式，则该 CCA请 求帧将发送给某一接收端； 如果用户模式为 MU模式， 则该 CCA请求帧将
发送给一个接收端组， 该接收端组中至少包括两个接收端。 所述 CCA请求 的目标标识， 用于表示该 CCA请求的接收端的标识信息。 当用户模式为 SU 模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识可以是接收端的标识信息， 例如， 该接 收端的关联标识（AID )或媒体接入控制 （MAC )地址等； 而当用户模式为 MU模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识则可以是接收端组的标识信息， 例 如， 该接收端组的组标识（GID ), 或者是该接收端组中的各个接收端的 AID 或 MAC地址。
图 3是本发明实施例中的 CCA请求帧的结构示意图。 如图 3所示， 所述 CCA请求帧可以占用 2个字节， 即包括 16个比特（bit ), 其中， 该 CCA请 求帧中的第 1个比特用于用户模式指示（即 MU/ SU模式指示）， 例如， 当 该比特的取值为 0时， 表示为 SU模式； 而当该比特的取值为 1时， 则表示 为 MU模式； 该 CCA请求帧中的第 2〜13个比特用于 CCA请求的目标标 识， 根据上述第 2〜13个比特的取值即可获知接收端的标识信息， 例如， 接 收端的 AID、 GID 或 MAC地址等标识信息； 此外， 该 CCA请求帧中的第 14〜16个比特为保留位。
步骤 202,接收端根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请求帧， 对该接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测，并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果。
在本步骤中， 接收端在其传输信道中的主信道上接收到发送端发送的 CCA请求帧之后， 便可获知上述发送端需要对该接收端的所有传输信道进 行 CCA检测。 因此， 该接收端可根据接收到的 CCA请求帧启动 CCA模块， 对该接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测，并且在接收到 CCA请求帧之后 的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果。
由此可知，在本发明的具体实施例中，接收端在接收到 CCA请求帧之前， 并不需要启动 CCA模块对其所有的传输信道进行 CCA检测以得到 CCA结 果； 而是只有在从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到发送端的 CCA请求帧之 后，才启动 CCA模块对其所有的传输信道进行 CCA检测以得到 CCA结果， 从而可以大大降低接收端的功率消耗， 而且同时也可以为所有的传输信道都 提供可靠的 CCA结果。
步骤 203 , 接收端接收发送端发送的 RTS帧， 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的
回应地址与该接收端的 MAC地址相同， 则根据该传输信道的 CCA结果判 断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲， 并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输 信道处于空闲状态时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
在本步骤， 接收端在其传输信道上接收到发送端发送的 RTS帧后， 将判 断该 RTS帧中的回应地址与自身的 MAC地址是否相同； 如果不相同， 则该 接收端将不做任何回应； 而如果相同，则该接收端将根据该传输信道的 CCA 结果判断上述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲，并根据判断结果确定是 否向发送端返回 CTS 帧。 例如， 当该传输信道处于空闲状态时， 则该接收 端将在该传输信道上向发送端返回 CTS 帧， 从而告知发送端该传输信道处 于空闲状态； 当该传输信道处于非空闲状态（例如， 正在传输数据）时， 则 该接收端将不在该传输信道上向上述发送端做任何回应。
步骤 204, 发送端在接收到接收端返回的 CTS帧之后， 在返回 CTS帧的 传输信道上进行数据传输。
在本步骤中， 当发送端接收到接收端返回的 CTS帧之后， 即可获知哪些 传输信道正处于空闲状态， 因此， 该发送端就可在返回 CTS 帧的传输信道 上进行数据传输。
通过上述的描述可知， 在本发明实施例中所提供的上述载波侦听的方法 中， 由于发送端在发送 RTS帧之前，将先在所需检测的传输信道中的主信道 上发送一个 CCA请求帧； 而接收端则只有从其传输信道中的主信道上接收 到 CCA请求帧之后， 才会启动 CCA模块对该接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信 道的 CCA结果， 因此， 接收端不必在接收到 RTS帧之前， 一直对所有的传 输信道进行 CCA检测以获得 CCA结果， 从而大大减少了接收端的 CCA模 块的工作时间， 有效地降低接收端的功耗； 此外， 由于接收端在收到 CCA 请求帧之后， 将对其所有的传输信道都进行 CCA检测并获得 CCA结果， 从 而在降低接收端功耗的同时还可提供可靠的所有的传输信道的 CCA结果。
另外， 在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种发送端的载波侦听方法。 图 4 为本发明实施例中的发送端的载波侦听方法的流程图。 如图 4所示， 所述发 送端的载波侦听方法包括如下所述的步骤：
步骤 401 , 发送端在所需检测的传输信道的中主信道上发送一个 CCA请
求帧， 并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的 PIFS之后， 在所有所需检测的传输信 道上发送 RTS帧。
该步骤与上述图 2中的步骤 201相同， 在此不再贅述。
步骤 402, 发送端在接收到接收端返回的 CTS帧之后， 在返回 CTS帧的 传输信道上进行数据传输。
该步骤与上述图 2中的步骤 204相同， 在此也不再贅述。
再者， 在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种接收端的载波侦听方法。 图 5 为本发明实施例中的接收端的载波侦听方法的流程图。 如图 5所示， 所述接 收端的载波侦听方法包括如下所述的步骤：
步骤 501，接收端根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请求帧， 启动 CCA模块对该接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测，并在接收到 CCA 请求帧之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果。
该步骤与上述图 2中的步骤 202相同， 在此不再贅述。
步骤 502, 接收端在其传输信道上接收到 RTS帧后， 如果接收到的 RTS 帧中的回应地址与该接收端的 MAC地址相同， 则根据该传输信道的 CCA 结果判断该传输信道是否空闲，并根据判断结果确定是否向发送端返回 CTS 帧。
该步骤与上述图 2中的步骤 203相同， 在此不再贅述。
在本发明的实施例中， 还提供了一种载波侦听系统。 本发明实施例是 WLAN中站点 （STA )和接入点 （AP, Access Point )之间正在进行数据传 输。 有些时候可以认为 AP是一个特殊的站点。 可以认为站点 （STA )和接 入点互为发送端和接收端。 所以在发送端和接收端分别可能是 STA或 AP。 在本发明实施例中的发送端和接收端采用上述方法实施例中的方法进行通 程， 所以介绍系统中关于使
图 6为本发明实施例中的载波侦听系统的结构示意图。 如图 6所示， 所 述载波侦听系统 600包括： 发送端 601和至少一个接收端 602。
其中，所述发送端 601 ,用于在所需检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一 个 CCA请求帧， 并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的 PIFS之后， 在所有所需检 测的传输信道上发送 RTS帧； 并在接收到接收端 602发送的 CTS帧之后，
在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行数据传输；
所述接收端 602, 用于根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请 求帧， 对该接收端 602的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请 求帧之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收发送端发送 的 RTS帧， 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接收端 602的 MAC地 址相同， 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA结果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道 是否空闲，并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述 接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
另外， 在本发明的具体实施例中， 所述发送端 601 中还包括： 发送模块 6011、 接收模块 6012和数据传输模块 6013。
所述发送模块 6011 , 用于在所需检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个 CCA请求帧， 并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的 PIFS之后， 在所有所需检测 的传输信道上发送 RTS帧；
所述接收模块 6012, 用于接收接收端 602发送的 CTS帧， 并将接收到的 CTS帧发送给所述数据传输模块 6013;
所述数据传输模块 6013 , 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 在传送 CTS帧的 传输信道上进行数据传输。
此外， 在本发明的具体实施例中， 所述接收端 602 中还包括： 接收模块 6021、 CCA模块 6022、 判断模块 6023和发送模块 6024。
所述接收模块 6021 , 用于从所述接收端 602的传输信道中的主信道上接 收 CCA请求帧， 将接收到的 CCA请求帧发送给所述 CCA模块 6022; 从接 收端 602的传输信道上接收 RTS帧， 并将接收到的 RTS帧发送给所述判断 模块 6023;
所述 CCA模块 6022, 用于根据接收到的 CCA请求帧对该接收 602端的 所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的 PIFS之内， 获得该接收端 602的所有传输信道的 CCA结果；将所述 CCA结果发送给所 述判断模块 6023 ;
所述判断模块 6023 ,用于判断所述接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接 收端的 MAC地址是否相同， 如果相同， 则根据接收到的 RTS帧的传输信道 的 CCA结果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲；
所述发送模块 6024,用于在在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲 状态时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
另外， 所述接收模块还用于通过所述传输信道继续接收所述发送端发送 的数据。
在上述的实施例中， CCA请求帧为 SCR帧。 进一步， 在具体的实施中 也可以利用已定义的管理帧或控制帧或者是带有特殊标识的数据帧作为 CCA请求。
在本实施例中 CCA请求帧可以是 VHT Action 帧 （VHT: Very high throughput, 甚高速传输； VHT Action帧可称为甚高速传输动作帧）。 发送端 在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个 VHT Action 帧。 在本实施例 中 VHT Action 帧中 VHT Action域的值的定义如下表 1所示，
VHT Action 帧中 VHT Action域数值含义的定义
表 2― CCA IDLE time measurement frame body
Order Information (信息)
1 Category (类别）
2 Action (动作)
3 MU/SU indication (多用户 /单用户模式指示 )
4 AID/GID (关联标识号 /组标识号 )
5 Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement (开始 /停止 CCA空闲 时间管理）
其中用户模式指示为可选的字段， 此时 AID/GID字段预留足够多的比特 即可。 Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement也是可选， 用于指示启动或关 闭次信道检测，如果没有此字段则收到该 CCA请求帧时即启动次信道检测。
Category i或设置为 VHT , Action i或设置为 CCA IDLE time measurement。 MU/SU模式指示用于该 CCA请求帧是发送给一个接收设备或一组接收设 备。 CCA请求目标标识在 SU模式下可以是接收设备的 AID或者 MAC地址 等可以标识该接收设备的信息； 在 MU模式下可以是 GID标识一个接收设 备组或者多个 AID/MAC地址。
在本实施 CCA请求帧还可以是数据帧。 在发送 RTS之前至少 PIFS时间 发送的数据帧当中可以包含 CCA请求。 即在一个数据帧中携带 CCA请求， 其中包括了包括了用户模式指示或 CCA请求的目标标识。具体 CCA请求的 内容如前实施例所述， 在本实施例中是同数据帧携带， 例如可以将 CCA请 求相相关的比特置于数据帧的尾部。
在上述的实施例中， CCA请求帧中包括了用户模式指示或 CCA请求的 目标标识。 进一步， 在 CCA请求帧中还可以包括一个次信道检测指示， 用 于指示 STA开启次信道 CCA检测或是关闭次信道 CCA检测。在 STA和 AP 关联（association ) 时， AP可以通知 STA是否使用 CCA请求帧指示次信道 CCA检测。例如在利用 VHT Action 帧作为 CCA请求帧 Start/Stop CCA IDLE time measurement可以用来指示该帧用来开启还是关闭次信道 CCA检测模 块， 也可以在数据帧中增加该字段。 如果在 CCA的请求帧中包括信道检测 指示， 则如果该指示为指示次信道检测关闭时， 则只进行主信道的检测， 如 果该指示该指示次信道检测开启， 则进行次信道的 CCA检测。 在 CCA检测 中，可以先对主信道进行检测。如果 STA收到了包含次信道 CCA检测指示， 则根据指示位的值依次指示打开或者关闭， 次信道上的 CCA检测。
在本发明实施例中的发送端和接收端及系统均采用上述各方法实施例中 的方法进行通讯， 发送端和接收端能够完成上述的方法及各流程， 所以介绍 系统中关于使用发送端和接收端时的方法请参阅方法实施例中的介绍， 其各 模块发送的 CCA请求帧均可用如上所述。
在本发明的具体实施例中， 上述载波侦听系统中可以有多个接收端。 图
6中仅示出载波侦听系统中有 1个接收端的情况。 当载波侦听系统中有多个 接收端时，每个接收端的结构和连接关系与上述图 6中的接收端的结构和连 接关系相同。
Claims
1、 一种数据传输的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：
发送端在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之后， 在所述 需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧；
发送端在接收到准许发送 CTS帧之后， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进 行数据传输。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 CCA请求帧中包括： 用户模式指示或 CCA请求的目标标识； 其中，
所述用户模式指示， 用于表示所述 CCA请求帧所使用的用户模式； 所述 CCA请求的目标标识，用于表示所述 CCA请求的接收端的标识信 息。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 CCA请求帧所使用的 用户模式包括： 多用户模式和单用户模式。
4、 如权利要求 3所述的方法， 其特征在于：
当用户模式为单用户模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识为接收端的标 识信息；
当用户模式为多用户模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识为接收端组的 标识信息。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述接收端的标识信息为： 所述接收端的关联标识或媒体接入控制地址。
6、 如权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述接收端组的标识信息 为：
所述接收端组的组标识；
或者， 所述接收端组中的各个接收端的关联标识或媒体接入控制地址。
7、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于：
所述 CCA请求帧包括 16个比特； 其中，
所述 CCA请求帧中的第 1个比特用于用户模式指示；
所述 CCA请求帧中的第 2 ~ 13个比特用于 CCA请求的目标标识； 所述 CCA请求帧中的第 14 ~ 16个比特为保留位。
8、 如权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 CCA请求帧为 VHT Action 帧,如果 VHT Action 帧中 VHT Action 帧的值为 CCA请求指示值， 则所述 VHT Action 帧为 CCA请求帧。
9、如权利要求 8所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 CCA请求指示值为 3 , 所述 VHT Action 帧的值为 0 , 则指示该帧携带 VHT Compressed
Beamforming, 如果 VHT Action 帧的值为 1 , 则指示该帧携带 Group ID Management, 如果 VHT Action 帧的值为 2则指示该帧携带 OperatingMode Notification, VHT Action 帧的值为 3 ,则所述 VHT Action 帧为一 CCA请求 帧。
10、如权利要求 1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述 CCA请求帧为数据帧， 通过所述数据帧携带 CCA请求，所述数据帧中包括用户模式指示或 CCA请 求的目标标识。
11、 如权利要求 2所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述 CCA请求帧中还包括 次信道检测指示， 用于指示接收端在对需要检测的信道进行 CCA检测时开 启或者关闭次信道的 CCA检测。
12、 一种侦听数据载波的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括：
接收端根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的空闲信道评估 CCA请 求帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求 帧之后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收端接收发送端发送的发送请求 RTS帧， 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的 回应地址与所述接收端的 MAC地址相同， 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA结 果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲， 并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的 传输信道处于空闲状态时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS 帧。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括： 接受端通过所述传输信道继续接收所述发送端发送的数据。
14、 一种用于载波侦听的发送端， 其特征在于， 该发送端包括： 发送模块， 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信道 评估 CCA请求帧， 并在发送所述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后， 在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧； 接收模块， 用于接收所述接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧， 并将接收到的 CTS帧发送给数据传输模块；
所述数据传输模块， 用于根据接收到的 CTS帧， 在传送 CTS帧的传输 信道上进行数据传输。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的发送端， 其特征在于， 所述发送模块发送的 所述 CCA请求帧中包括： 用户模式指示或 CCA请求的目标标识； 其中， 所述用户模式指示， 用于表示所述 CCA请求帧所使用的用户模式； 所述 CCA请求的目标标识，用于表示所述 CCA请求的接收端的标识信 息。
16、 如权利要求 15所述的发送端， 其特征在于， 所述发送模块发送的 所述 CCA请求帧中包括：
当用户模式为单用户模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识为接收端的标 识信息；
当用户模式为多用户模式时， 所述 CCA请求的目标标识为接收端组的 标识信息。
17、 如权利要求 14所述的发送端， 其特征在于， 所述发送模块发送的 所述 CCA请求帧中包括 16个比特； 其中，
所述 CCA请求帧中的第 1个比特用于用户模式指示；
所述 CCA请求帧中的第 2 ~ 13个比特用于 CCA请求的目标标识； 所述 CCA请求帧中的第 14 ~ 16个比特为保留位。
18、如权利要求 14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送模块发送的 CCA 请求帧为 VHT Action 帧,如果 VHT Action 帧中 VHT Action 帧的值为 CCA 请求指示值， 则所述 VHT Action 帧为 CCA请求帧。
19、如权利要求 18所述的方法，其特征在于，所述发送模块发送的 VHT Action 帧中的所述 CCA请求指示值为 3 , 所述 VHT Action 帧的值为 0 , 则 指示该帧携带 VHT Compressed Beamforming ,如果 VHT Action 帧的值为 1 , 则指示该帧携带 Group ID Management,如果 VHT Action 帧的值为 2则指示 该帧携带 OperatingMode Notification, VHT Action 帧的值为 3 , 则所述 VHT Action 帧为一 CCA请求帧。
20、 如权利要求 14所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述发送模块发送的所 述 CCA请求帧为数据帧， 通过所述数据帧携带 CCA请求， 所述数据帧中包 括用户模式指示或 CCA请求的目标标识。
21、 如权利要求 15所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述所述发送模块发送 的 CCA请求帧中还包括次信道检测指示， 用于指示接收端在对需要检测的 信道进行 CCA检测时开启或者关闭次信道的 CCA检测。
22、 一种用于载波侦听的接收端， 其特征在于， 该接收端包括： 接收模 块、 空闲信道评估 CCA模块、 判断模块和发送模块；
所述接收模块，用于从所述接收端的传输信道中的主信道上接收 CCA请 求帧， 将接收到的 CCA请求帧发送给所述 CCA模块； 从所述接收端的传输 信道上接收发送请求 RTS帧， 并将接收到的 RTS帧发送给所述判断模块； 所述 CCA模块， 用于根据接收到的 CCA请求帧对所述接收端的所有传 输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧之后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS之内， 获得所述接收端的所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 将所述 CCA结 果发送给所述判断模块；
所述判断模块， 用于判断所述接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与所述接收 端的 MAC地址是否相同， 如果相同， 则根据接收到的 RTS帧的传输信道的 CCA结果判断接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道是否空闲；
所述发送模块， 用于在所述接收所述 RTS 帧的传输信道处于空闲状态 时， 通过所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
23、 根据权利要求 22所述的接收端， 其特征在于， 所述接收模块还用 于通过所述传输信道继续接收所述发送端发送的数据。
24、 一种载波侦听系统， 其特征在于， 该系统包括： 发送端和至少一个 接收端； 其中，
所述发送端 , 用于在需要检测的传输信道中的主信道上发送一个空闲信 道评估 CCA请求帧，并在发送上述 CCA请求帧后的点协调功能帧间距 PIFS 之后，在所述需要检测的传输信道上发送发送请求 RTS帧； 并在接收到所述 接收端发送的准许发送 CTS帧之后， 在传送 CTS帧的传输信道上进行数据 传输；
所述接收端， 用于根据从其传输信道中的主信道上接收到的 CCA请求 帧， 对所述接收端的所有传输信道进行 CCA检测， 并在接收到 CCA请求帧 之后的 PIFS之内， 获得其所有传输信道的 CCA结果； 接收发送端发送的 RTS帧 , 如果接收到的 RTS帧中的回应地址与该接收端的 MAC地址相同 , 则根据所述传输信道的 CCA 结果判断接收所述 RTS 帧的传输信道是否空 闲，并在所述接收所述 RTS帧的传输信道处于空闲状态时，通过所述接收所 述 RTS帧的传输信道发送 CTS帧。
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