WO2012088660A1 - 一种锅炉 - Google Patents

一种锅炉 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012088660A1
WO2012088660A1 PCT/CN2010/080351 CN2010080351W WO2012088660A1 WO 2012088660 A1 WO2012088660 A1 WO 2012088660A1 CN 2010080351 W CN2010080351 W CN 2010080351W WO 2012088660 A1 WO2012088660 A1 WO 2012088660A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
furnace
combustion chamber
boiler
disposed
slag
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/080351
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱宏锋
王竹宏
Original Assignee
Zhu Hongfeng
Wang Zhuhong
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zhu Hongfeng, Wang Zhuhong filed Critical Zhu Hongfeng
Priority to CA2823428A priority Critical patent/CA2823428A1/en
Priority to US13/976,513 priority patent/US20130276721A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/080351 priority patent/WO2012088660A1/zh
Publication of WO2012088660A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012088660A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/187—Water-storage heaters using solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone
    • F23B30/10—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel supporting surfaces that are specially adapted for advancing fuel through the combustion zone with fuel-supporting surfaces having fuel advancing elements that are movable, but remain essentially in the same place, e.g. with rollers or reciprocating grate bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/19—Supplying combustion-air
    • F24B1/1905—Supplying combustion-air in combination with provisions for heating water only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/025—Supply of secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0063—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of thermal energy exchange technology and, more particularly, to a boiler.
  • the boiler is a relatively common heat energy exchange device that heats the liquid in the boiler by burning the fuel.
  • boilers are used to heat water and are used in all aspects of life such as heating, bathing, and drinking water.
  • the heating method of the existing boiler is that a water pipe is arranged in the furnace of the boiler, and the water pipe is connected with the water tank of the boiler. During the heating process, the high temperature flue gas generated by the combustion in the furnace heats the water pipe, and the water is heated in the water pipe. It is then transferred to the water tank of the boiler to achieve heating of the water.
  • the high-temperature flue gas generated after the fuel is burned in the furnace is relatively high in temperature, and the speed at which the hot gas flow rises is fast, and the high-temperature flue gas is quickly discharged from the boiler after passing through the area where the water pipe is distributed.
  • the heating boiler is in operation, the heating time of the high temperature flue gas to the water pipe is very short, so a large amount of flue gas generated after combustion is discharged in a short time, and the high temperature heat in the flue gas is not completely completed. Absorption, resulting in waste of heat energy, low utilization of heat energy from fuel combustion.
  • the present invention provides a boiler for improving the heat utilization efficiency of fuel generated in a boiler while reducing the failure rate of the boiler.
  • a boiler comprising:
  • the furnace is provided with a furnace
  • One end is connected to the flue gas outlet of the furnace, and the other end is passed out of the exhaust pipe of the furnace, and the exhaust pipe is spirally distributed at a portion in the furnace;
  • a combustion chamber disposed at a bottom of the furnace and communicating with the furnace;
  • a fuel supply device connected to a feed port of the combustion chamber.
  • a heat exchange sheet is disposed on an outer wall of a portion of the exhaust pipe located in the water tank.
  • one end of the exhaust pipe passing through the water tank is provided with a dust box, and the dust box is provided with a plurality of filter nets.
  • an insulation layer is disposed on an outer wall of the water tank.
  • the inner wall of the top of the furnace is provided with a wind-filling hole
  • the outer wall of the top of the furnace is provided with a supplemental air chamber communicating with the air-filling hole, the air-filling chamber
  • the air inlet is provided with a supplemental air duct.
  • the air supplement chamber is an annular air-filling chamber, and the air-filling holes are disposed on the inner wall of the top of the furnace.
  • the combustion chamber comprises:
  • a combustion tank having an ignition rod disposed on a bottom surface thereof, wherein an intake hole is disposed on a bottom surface of the feeding end of the combustion chamber, and a bottom surface of the slag end of the combustion chamber is provided with a slag opening toward the combustion chamber a slag rolling cage rotating in a direction, the slag rolling cage is a cylindrical structure, and an air inlet hole is arranged on the cylinder wall;
  • An air intake interlayer disposed under the combustion chamber and communicating with an air inlet hole of the feeding end and an air inlet hole of the slag rolling cage;
  • a slag motor connected to the rotating shaft of the slag rolling cage at the output end.
  • the fuel supply device comprises:
  • a hopper a bottom of which is provided with a feeding pipe communicating with the feeding port of the combustion chamber; a feeding rod disposed in the feeding pipe, the feeding rod is provided with a spiral piece; the output end and the inlet The feed motor to which the rod is connected.
  • the hopper is a conical hopper, and the feeding rod is disposed at a bottom end of the hopper having a small cross-sectional area.
  • the boiler further includes a ash hopper disposed below the slag outlet of the combustion chamber.
  • the furnace of the boiler is disposed in the water tank, and is connected to the flue gas outlet of the furnace through the exhaust pipe, and the portion of the exhaust pipe located in the water tank is spirally distributed. Finally, the water tank is exhausted and the smoke is exhausted.
  • the high temperature flue gas heats the water in the water tank through the exhaust pipe, and the spiral arrangement of the exhaust pipe extends the time when the high temperature flue gas is discharged, so that the exhaust pipe and the furnace are in the furnace.
  • the flue gas is fully exchanged with the water in the water tank, which improves the heat energy utilization rate of the high-temperature flue gas.
  • the exhaust pipe passes through the water tank, so there is no existing boiler. The problem that the water pipe is blocked by scale reduces the failure rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a right side view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the structure taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the structure taken along line A-A of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial structural schematic view of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a partial structural diagram of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention provides a boiler, which improves the utilization efficiency of the fuel heat energy in the boiler and reduces the failure rate of the boiler.
  • 1 is a top plan view of a boiler provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a right side view of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • FIG. 5 is a partial structural view of a boiler provided in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a partial structural schematic view of a boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the boiler provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a water tank 9, a smoke exhaust pipe 6, a furnace 5, a combustion chamber 1 and a fuel supply device, wherein:
  • the furnace 5 is disposed in the water tank 9, and the bottom of the furnace 5 communicates with the combustion chamber 1, and the combustion chamber 1 is a place where the fuel is burned, and the high-temperature smoke generated by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber 1 enters the furnace.
  • One end of the exhaust pipe 6 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the furnace 5, and the other end is passed out of the furnace 5, and the exhaust pipe 6 is spirally distributed in a portion of the furnace 5;
  • a fuel supply device is connected to the feed port of the combustion chamber 1 for delivering fuel to the combustion chamber 1.
  • the fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber 1 through the fuel supply device, and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber 1 passes through the furnace 5, and then enters the exhaust pipe 6, and the exhaust pipe 6
  • the portion located in the furnace 5 is spirally distributed, and the water in the boiler water tank 9 is heated by the exhaust pipe 6, and the flue gas from which the heat is sufficiently absorbed is discharged from the outlet of the exhaust pipe 6.
  • the heating method of the conventional water-in-oil is changed, and the water-fired heating method is adopted, that is, the exhaust pipe 6 (ie, heat source) through which the high-temperature flue gas passes passes through the water tank 9,
  • the exhaust pipe 6 ie, heat source
  • the furnace 5 and the exhaust pipe 6 are disposed in the water tank 9, and the heat radiated from the furnace 5 and the exhaust pipe 6 is all absorbed by the water in the water tank 9, and the portion of the exhaust pipe 6 located in the furnace 5 is spirally distributed to extend the smoke.
  • the walking distance of the gas in the exhaust pipe 6 further prolongs the heat exchange time between the flue gas in the exhaust pipe 6 and the water in the water tank 9, so that the heat in the high temperature flue gas is more fully absorbed, and the high temperature flue gas is improved.
  • the exhaust pipe 6 passes through the water tank 9, so there is no problem that the water pipe of the existing boiler is blocked by the scale, and the failure rate of the boiler is lowered.
  • a part of the pipe section of the exhaust pipe 6 located in the water tank 9 is a main part for heating the water in the water tank 9, and the pipe section is spirally distributed in the water tank 9, and the pipe section can be various spirals.
  • the manner is set in the water tank 9, preferably, the above-mentioned exhaust pipe 6 is located in the water tank
  • the portion of 9 is spirally distributed around the outer wall of the furnace 5, and this type of spiral distribution makes the boiler structure more compact.
  • the exhaust pipe 6 is disposed on the outer wall of the pipe section in the water tank 9 with a heat exchange piece or a needle-shaped heat sink, which improves the contact area between the exhaust pipe 6 and the water in the water tank 9, and improves the heat.
  • the exchange efficiency causes the heat in the high temperature flue gas in the exhaust pipe 6 to be absorbed as much as possible.
  • the exhaust pipe 6 is discharged through the grate 5, and since the high temperature flue gas has a large amount of soot, in order to reduce the influence of the smoke in the flue gas on the environment, the above row A dust box 12 is disposed on one end of the smoke pipe 6 penetrating the water tank 9, and the dust box 12 is provided with a filter net (not shown), and the flue gas is filtered in the dust box 12 when passing through the filter net. Medium, reducing the amount of dust in the exhausted flue gas.
  • the dust box 12 can collectively treat the dust in the dust box 12 when the dust is collected to a certain extent.
  • An exhaust fan 121 is provided at the outlet of the dust box 12 described above.
  • a plurality of filter nets may be disposed in the dust box 12, and the filter nets are disposed in the dust passage of the dust box 12, preferably, the plurality of filter nets. More preferably, the plurality of multi-screens are parallel to each other and are disposed at the top and bottom ends of the dust box 12 so as to be staggered.
  • the tank of the water tank 9 when the water in the water tank 9 is heated by the exhaust pipe 6, the tank of the water tank 9 also loses a part of heat, and in order to reduce the heat dissipation of the tank of the water tank 9, the outer wall of the tank is The insulation layer is provided, and the heat insulation layer can reduce the heat dissipation efficiency.
  • the above boiler injects and discharges the water tank 9 through the water inlet 91 and the water outlet 92 provided in the tank of the water tank 9, respectively.
  • the high-temperature flue gas inevitably contains a large amount of unburned gas (such as carbon monoxide, etc.), and these gases are not completely burned during the combustion process, which not only causes fuel combustion.
  • the generated heat energy is not fully utilized, and the environmental pollution is caused by the elimination of these incompletely burnt gases.
  • a wind-filling hole is provided on the inner wall of the top of the furnace 5, where The outer wall of the furnace 5 is provided with a supplemental air chamber 51 communicating with the air supply hole.
  • the air inlet of the air supply chamber 51 is provided with a supplemental air duct 8, through which air is introduced into the air supply chamber 51, and the air passes through.
  • the air supply hole enters the furnace 5 and mixes with the high temperature flue gas in the furnace 5, due to the high temperature environment, in the case of sufficient air,
  • the completely burnt gas is subjected to secondary combustion, which makes the combustion of the fuel more complete and reduces the pollution of the smoke to the environment.
  • the above-mentioned furnace 5 air supply chamber 51 is an annular air supply chamber 51, and the air supply holes are uniformly disposed on the inner wall of the top of the furnace 5, and the structure is such that the air supply chamber 51 is in the furnace chamber 5
  • the secondary air is applied, air can be filled in all directions on the inner wall of the furnace 5, and the air filling effect on the furnace 5 is improved.
  • the combustion chamber 1 is a place where the fuel is burned, and the combustion chamber 1 may be various types of combustion chambers 1.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a combustion chamber 1 including a combustion chamber and slag discharge.
  • Roll cage 101 and slag motor 10 wherein:
  • An ignition rod 11 is disposed on a bottom surface of the combustion chamber, and an inlet hole is disposed on a bottom surface of the feeding end of the combustion chamber, and a bottom surface of the slag end of the combustion chamber is provided with a slag rotating in a direction of a slag opening of the combustion chamber 1.
  • the rolling cage 101 has a cylindrical structure, and an air inlet hole is disposed on the cylinder wall; an air intake interlayer 102 is disposed below the combustion chamber, and the air inlet layer 102 and the air inlet hole of the feeding end The air inlet holes on the slag rolling cage 101 communicate;
  • the output end of the slagging motor is connected to the rotating shaft of the slag rolling cage 101, and the slag rolling cage 101 is rotated by the slag discharging motor;
  • the fuel enters the combustion chamber through the feed port, and the intake interlayer 102 passes air into the combustion chamber to support combustion.
  • the rotation of the slag rolling cage 101 is performed.
  • the burned ash is discharged, and the above-mentioned combustion tank can be slag discharged at any time during the combustion process, thereby avoiding the slagging phenomenon caused by the accumulation of ash generated after the combustion of the fuel.
  • the above-mentioned slagging motor is an intermittently operated motor, and is controlled by an electric control box 13 provided on the boiler.
  • the fuel supply device supplies fuel to the combustion chamber 1, and the specific fuel supply device can be variously fed in various manners, and the embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel supply device.
  • the utility model comprises a hopper 3, a feed rod 21 and a feed motor 4, wherein: the bottom of the hopper 3 is provided with a feed pipe 2 communicating with the discharge port, and the feed rod 21 is disposed in the feed pipe 2, the feed rod 21 is provided with a spiral piece;
  • the output of the feed motor 4 is connected to the feed rod 21.
  • the feeding motor 4 drives the feeding rod 21 to rotate, and the feeding rod
  • the spiral piece is provided on the 21 to transport the fuel in the hopper 3 to the combustion chamber 1 through the feed pipe 2, thereby realizing the automation of the feed.
  • the feed motor 4 may be an intermittently operated motor, and the motor may pass The electric control box 13 provided on the boiler is controlled.
  • the hopper 3 is a component for storing fuel.
  • the hopper 3 is a conical hopper, and the feeding rod 21 is disposed at a bottom end of the hopper 3 having a small cross-sectional area, and the structure is in the process of fuel transportation. The subsequent fuel slides down to the discharge port at the bottom of the hopper 3, and the fuel is conveyed by the feed rod 21.
  • an ash hopper 7 is further disposed below the discharge port of the combustion chamber 1, and the ash generated after the combustion of the fuel enters the ash hopper 7 through the slag discharge port, thereby realizing the ash collect.

Description

一种锅炉 技术领域
本发明涉及热能交换技术领域， 更具体地说， 涉及一种锅炉。
背景技术
锅炉是一种比较普遍的热能交换设备， 通过燃料的燃烧实现对锅炉中 的液体加热。 通常锅炉用来对水进行加热， 应用于取暖、 洗澡、 饮用水等 生活的方方面面。
现有锅炉的加热方式为， 在锅炉的炉膛中盘设有水管， 水管与锅炉的 水箱连接，在加热的过程中， 炉膛中燃烧产生的高温烟气对水管进行加热， 水在水管中被加热后输送到锅炉的水箱中， 从而实现对水的加热。
上述锅炉在加热的过程中， 燃料在炉膛中燃烧后产生的高温烟气由于 温度比较高， 产生后热气流上升的速度^艮快， 高温烟气经过水管分布的区 域后很快从锅炉中排出， 这种加热方式的锅炉在工作时， 高温烟气对水管 的加热时间很短， 所以燃烧后产生的大量烟气在很短的时间内就被排出， 烟气中的高温热量并没有被完全吸收， 造成热能的浪费， 燃料燃烧产生的 热能利用率低。
同时， 上述锅炉中燃烧产生的高温烟气对水管进行加热时， 由于水管 是被直接加热的部件， 在工作一段时间后， 水管的内壁会产生一层水垢， 不仅影响了对水管中水的加热效率， 还容易造成水管被堵塞， 使得锅炉的 故障率比较高。 发明内容
有鉴于此， 本发明提供了一种锅炉， 以提高对锅炉中燃料产生的热能 利用效率， 同时降低了锅炉的故障率。
为了达到上述目的， 本发明实施例提供如下技术方案： 一种锅炉， 包括：
水箱， 该水箱中设置有炉膛；
一端与所述炉膛的烟气出口相连， 另一端穿出所述炉膛的排烟管， 该 排烟管位于炉膛中的部位螺旋分布；
设置在所述炉膛的底部， 且与所述炉膛相通的燃烧室；
与所述燃烧室的进料口连接的燃料供给装置。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述排烟管位于所述水箱中的部位的外壁上设 置有热交换片。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述排烟管穿出所述水箱的一端上设置有集尘 箱， 该集尘箱中设置有多片过滤网。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述水箱的外壁上设置有保温层。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述炉膛的顶部的内壁上设置有补风孔， 且所 述炉膛的顶部的外壁上设置有与所述补风孔相通的补风室， 所述补风室的 进风口设置有补风管。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述补风室为环形补风室， 且补风孔均勾地设 置在所述炉膛顶部的内壁上。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述燃烧室包括：
燃烧槽， 其底面上设置有点火棒， 且所述燃烧槽的进料端的底面上设 置有进气孔， 所述燃烧槽的出渣端的底面上设置有向着所述燃烧室的出渣 口的方向旋转的排渣滚笼， 该排渣滚笼为筒状结构， 其筒壁上设置有进气 孔；
设置在所述燃烧槽下方， 且与所述进料端的进气孔和排渣滚笼上的进 气孔相通的进气夹层；
输出端与所述排渣滚笼的旋转轴连接的出渣电机。
优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述燃料供给装置包括：
料斗， 其底部设置有与所述燃烧室的进料口相通的进料管； 设置在所述进料管中的进料杆， 该进料杆上设置有螺旋片； 输出端与所述进料杆连接的进料电机。 优选的， 上述锅炉中， 所述料斗为锥形料斗， 且所述进料杆设置在所 述料斗横截面积较小的底端。
优选的，上述锅炉中，还包括设置在所述燃烧室的出渣口下方的灰斗。 由上述技术方案可知， 本发明实施例提供的锅炉中， 将锅炉的炉膛设 置在水箱中， 并通过排烟管与炉膛的烟气出口相连， 且该排烟管位于水箱 中的部位螺旋分布， 最终穿出水箱并排烟， 上述结构中高温烟气通过排烟 管对水箱中的水进行加热， 排烟管的螺旋设置延长了高温烟气被排出的时 间， 使得排烟管和炉膛中的烟气充分地与水箱中的水进行热交换， 提高了 对高温烟气的热能利用率， 同时由于本结构采用水包火的方式进行加热， 排烟管穿过水箱， 所以不存在现有锅炉的水管被水垢阻塞的问题， 降低了 故障率。
附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例提供的锅炉的俯视结构示意图；
图 2为图 1的右视图；
图 3为图 1中 B-B向剖视结构示意图；
图 4为图 1中 A-A向剖视结构示意图；
图 5为本发明实施例提供的锅炉的部分结构示意图；
图 6为本发明实施例提供的锅炉的部分结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图， 对本发明实施例中的技术方案进 行清楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施 例， 而不是全部的实施例。 基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员 在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明 保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种锅炉， 提高了对锅炉中燃料热能的利用效率， 同时 降低了锅炉的故障率。 请参考附图 1-6, 图 1为本发明实施例中提供的锅炉的俯视结构示意图； 图 2为图 1的右视图； 图 3为图 1中 B-B向剖视结构示意图； 图 4为图 1中 A-A 向剖视结构示意图； 图 5为本发明实施例中提供的锅炉的部分结构示意图； 图 6为本发明实施例提供的锅炉的部分结构示意图。
本发明实施例提供的锅炉， 包括水箱 9、 排烟管 6、 炉膛 5、 燃烧室 1 和燃料供给装置， 其中：
炉膛 5设置在水箱 9中， 且炉膛 5的底部与燃烧室 1相通， 燃烧室 1 是燃料燃烧的地方， 燃料在燃烧室 1中燃烧后产生的高温烟气进入到炉膛
5中；
排烟管 6的一端与炉膛 5的烟气出口相连， 另一端穿出炉膛 5 , 排烟 管 6位于炉膛 5中的部位螺旋分布；
燃料供给装置与燃烧室 1的进料口连接，用于向燃烧室 1中输送燃料。 本发明实施例提供的锅炉中， 通过燃料供给装置向燃烧室 1中输送燃 料， 燃料在燃烧室 1内燃烧产生的高温烟气通过炉膛 5后， 进入到排烟管 6中，排烟管 6位于炉膛 5中的部位螺旋分布，通过排烟管 6将锅炉水箱 9 中的水加热， 最终热量被充分吸收后的烟气从排烟管 6的出口排出。
本发明实施例中提供的锅炉中， 改变了传统的火包水的加热方式， 采 用水包火的加热方式，即在高温烟气穿过的排烟管 6 (即热源）穿过水箱 9, 这样将炉膛 5和排烟管 6设置在水箱 9中， 炉膛 5和排烟管 6散发的热量 全部被水箱 9中的水吸收， 排烟管 6位于炉膛 5中的部位螺旋分布， 延长 了烟气在排烟管 6中的行走距离， 进而延长了排烟管 6中烟气与水箱 9中 水的热交换时间， 使得高温烟气中的热量更加充分地被吸收， 提高了对高 温烟气的热能利用率， 同时由于本结构采用水包火的加热方式， 排烟管 6 穿过水箱 9, 所以不存在现有锅炉的水管被水垢阻塞的问题， 降低了锅炉 的故障率。
本实施例中提供的锅炉中， 排烟管 6中位于水箱 9中的部分管段是对 水箱 9中的水进行加热的主要部分， 该管段螺旋分布在水箱 9中， 上述管 段可以以各种螺旋方式设置在水箱 9中， 优选的， 上述排烟管 6位于水箱 9中的部位绕炉膛 5的外壁螺旋分布， 该种螺旋分布方式， 使得该锅炉结 构更加紧凑。 为了进一步优化上述方案， 上述排烟管 6位于水箱 9中的管 段的外壁上设置有热交换片或者针状散热件， 提高了排烟管 6与水箱 9中 的水的接触面积， 提高了热交换效率， 进而使得排烟管 6中的高温烟气中 的热量尽可能多地被吸收。
本实施例中提供的锅炉中， 在工作的过程中， 排烟管 6通过炉膛 5后 被排出， 由于高温烟气中具有大量的烟尘， 为了降低烟气中的烟尘对环境 的影响，上述排烟管 6穿出水箱 9的一端上设置有集尘箱 12,该集尘箱 12 中设置有过滤网 （图中未示出）， 烟气在通过过滤网时， 被过滤在集尘箱 12中， 减少了排出的烟气中的灰尘含量。 上述集尘箱 12在灰尘收集到一 定的程度时， 可以集中对集尘箱 12中的灰尘进行处理。 上述集尘箱 12的 出口设置有抽风机 121。 为了提高对排出的烟气中的灰尘的过滤效果， 上 述集尘箱 12中可以设置有多片过滤网， 过滤网相互设置在集尘箱 12的烟 尘通道中， 优选的， 上述多片过滤网相互平行设置； 更优选的， 上述多片 多滤网相互平行， 且相互交错地设置在集尘箱 12的顶端和底端。
上述实施例中提供的锅炉中，在排烟管 6对水箱 9中的水进行加热时， 水箱 9的箱体也会散失一部分热量， 为了减少水箱 9的箱体散热， 上述箱 体的外壁上设置有保温层， 采用保温层可以降低散热效率。 上述锅炉通过 设置在水箱 9的箱体上的进水口 91和出水口 92分别对水箱 9进行注水和 放水。
上述实施例中提供的锅炉在工作的过程中， 高温烟气中不可避免地含 有大量的未燃尽气体（例如一氧化碳等 ),这些气体在燃烧的过程中没有被 完全燃烧， 不仅造成了燃料燃烧产生的热能没有被充分利用， 还使得这些 未完全燃尽的气体排除后造成环境的污染， 为了解决上述问题， 上述锅炉 中， 在炉膛 5的顶部的内壁上设置有补风孔， 其在该炉膛 5的外壁上设置 有与补风孔相通的补风室 51 ,该补风室 51的进风口设置有补风管 8,通过 补风管 8向补风室 51中通入空气， 空气通过补风孔进入到炉膛 5中， 与炉 膛 5中的高温烟气进行混合， 由于高温的环境， 在空气充足的情况下， 未 完全燃尽的气体进行二次燃烧， 使得燃料的燃烧更加充分， 减少了烟气对 环境的污染。 为了进一步优化上述方案，上述炉膛 5补风室 51为环形补风 室 51 , 且补风孔均勾地设置在炉膛 5的顶部的内壁上， 该种结构使得在补 风室 51在对炉膛 5进行二次补风时，可以在炉膛 5内壁上的各个方向补入 空气， 提高了对炉膛 5的补风效果。
上述锅炉中， 燃烧室 1是燃料进行燃烧的场所， 上述燃烧室 1可以为 各种类型的燃烧室 1 ,本发明实施例提供了一种燃烧室 1 ,该燃烧室 1包括 燃烧槽、 排渣滚笼 101和出渣电机 10, 其中：
燃烧槽的底面上设置有点火棒 11 , 且燃烧槽的进料端的底面上设置有 进气孔， 燃烧槽的出渣端的底面上设置有向着燃烧室 1的出渣口的方向旋 转的排渣滚笼 101 , 该排渣滚笼 101为筒状结构， 其筒壁上设置有进气孔； 该燃烧槽的下方设置有进气夹层 102, 该进气夹层 102与进料端的进 气孔和排渣滚笼 101上的进气孔相通；
排渣电机的输出端与排渣滚笼 101的旋转轴连接， 在排渣电机的驱动 下排渣滚笼 101旋转；
上述燃烧室 1在工作的过程中， 燃料通过进料口进入到燃烧槽中， 进 气夹层 102向燃烧槽中通入空气支持燃烧， 燃料的燃烧的过程中， 通过排 渣滚笼 101的旋转从而将燃烧的灰烬排出， 上述燃烧槽在燃烧的过程中随 时可以进行排渣，避免了燃料燃烧后产生的灰烬因积累而导致的结渣现象。
为了保证燃烧室 1中的排渣滚笼 101排渣时燃料已经燃烧充分， 上述 排渣电机为间歇工作的电机， 通过设置在锅炉上的电控盒 13进行控制。
上述实施例中提供的锅炉中， 燃料供给装置向燃烧室 1中输送燃料， 具体的燃料供给装置可以有多种， 以各种方式进行进料， 本发明实施例提 供了一种燃料的供给装置， 包括料斗 3、 进料杆 21和进料电机 4, 其中： 料斗 3的底部设置有与其放料口相通的进料管 2, 进料杆 21设置在该 进料管 2中， 进料杆 21上设置有螺旋片；
进料电机 4的输出端与进料杆 21相连。
该燃料供给装置在工作时， 进料电机 4带动进料杆 21旋转， 进料杆 21上设置有螺旋片在螺旋片的作用下将料斗 3中的燃料通过进料管 2输送 到燃烧室 1中， 从而实现了进料的自动化。
本实施例中提供的燃料供给装置中， 为了保证燃料在进入到燃烧室 1 中以后具有充足的时间进行燃烧， 以便燃料燃烧完全， 上述进料电机 4可 以为间歇工作的电机， 该电机可以通过设置在锅炉上的电控盒 13 进行控 制。
上述料斗 3是存放燃料的部件， 为了更方便地下料， 上述料斗 3为锥 形料斗，进料杆 21设置在料斗 3横截面积较小的底端，该种结构在燃料输 送的过程中， 后续燃料自行滑落到料斗 3 底部的放料口， 并在进料杆 21 的带动下进行燃料的输送。
本发明实施例中提供的锅炉中， 在燃烧室 1的出料口的下方还设置有 灰斗 7, 燃料在燃烧后产生的灰烬通过出渣口进入到灰斗 7中， 从而实现 对灰烬的收集。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明， 使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使 用本发明。 对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显 而易见的， 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的 情况下， 在其它实施例中实现。 因此， 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的 这些实施例， 而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的 范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种锅炉， 其特征在于， 包括：
水箱， 该水箱中设置有炉膛；
一端与所述炉膛的烟气出口相连， 另一端穿出所述炉膛的排烟管， 该 排烟管位于炉膛中的部位螺旋分布；
设置在所述炉膛的底部， 且与所述炉膛相通的燃烧室；
与所述燃烧室的进料口连接的燃料供给装置。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述排烟管位于所述水 箱中的部位的外壁上设置有热交换片。
3、根据权利要求 2所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述排烟管穿出所述水 箱的一端上设置有集尘箱， 该集尘箱中设置有多片过滤网。
4、根据权利要求 3所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述水箱的外壁上设置 有保温层。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述炉膛的顶部的内壁 上设置有补风孔， 且所述炉膛的顶部的外壁上设置有与所述补风孔相通的 补风室， 所述补风室的进风口设置有补风管。
6、根据权利要求 5所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述补风室为环形补风 室， 且补风孔均勾地设置在所述炉膛顶部的内壁上。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述燃烧室包括： 燃烧槽， 其底面上设置有点火棒， 且所述燃烧槽的进料端的底面上设 置有进气孔， 所述燃烧槽的出渣端的底面上设置有向着所述燃烧室的出渣 口的方向旋转的排渣滚笼， 该排渣滚笼为筒状结构， 其筒壁上设置有进气 孔；
设置在所述燃烧槽下方， 且与所述进料端的进气孔和排渣滚笼上的进 气孔相通的进气夹层；
输出端与所述排渣滚笼的旋转轴连接的出渣电机。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的锅炉，其特征在于，所述燃料供给装置包括： 料斗， 其底部设置有与所述燃烧室的进料口相通的进料管； 设置在所述进料管中的进料杆， 该进料杆上设置有螺旋片；
输出端与所述进料杆连接的进料电机。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 所述料斗为锥形料斗， 且所述进料杆设置在所述料斗横截面积较小的底端。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的锅炉， 其特征在于， 还包括设置在所述燃 烧室的出渣口下方的灰斗。
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