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  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/66—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing the quinoid structure
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
  • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
  • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
  • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
  • C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C1/00—Preparation of fatty acids from fats, fatty oils, or waxes; Refining the fatty acids
  • C11C1/002—Sources of fatty acids, e.g. natural glycerides, characterised by the nature, the quantities or the distribution of said acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2500/00—Specific components of cell culture medium
  • C12N2500/05—Inorganic components
  • C12N2500/10—Metals; Metal chelators
  • C12N2500/20—Transition metals
  • C12N2500/24—Iron; Fe chelators; Transferrin
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2529/00—Culture process characterised by the use of electromagnetic stimulation
  • C12N2529/10—Stimulation by light

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for increasing the CoQ1 0 und CoQH2 content in phototrophic microorganisms.
• Ubiquinone (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-multiprenyl-1 ,4-benzoquinone, CsgHgc t , 863.34g/mol), also known as Co-EnzymeQio or shortly CoQ1 0, is of particular importance for nearly all living cells due to its antioxidative properties.
• CoQ1 0 is present in most aerobic microorganisms and in all animals, and CoQ1 0 is essential also for the human organism.
• the reduced form of CoQ1 namely ubiqui- nol (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-6-multiprenyl-1 ,4-hydroquinone, 0 5 9 ⁇ 92 ⁇ 4 ,
• Ubiquinol accounts for more than 80% of the total CoQ1 0 content in the human plasma and is thus an important plasma antioxidant for lipoproteins. Ubiquinol inhibits the oxidation of proteins and lipids in cell membranes and protects against lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA degeneration, but also against other harmful molecules. Oxidative stress of all types, in particular caused by inflammation, can results in cell death. In his treatise "Schlussel Kunststoff Mitochondrialentechnik" F.H. Enzmann has indicated that the proportion of the oxidized form of CoQ1 0 to the reduced form of CoQH2 is 1 0 : 90. According to other authors, this ratio can vary between 1 0 : 30 and 1 0 : 90.
• WO 2009/055951 describes a method for increasing the Co-Enzyme-Q10 con- tent in phototrophic microorganisms that were cultivated in a culture medium in a bioreactor under standard conditions, with the growth of said microorganisms showing an exponential and a stationary growth phase.
• microalgae selected from the divisions Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Haptophy- ta, particularly Porphyridium purpureum, Chlorella vulgaris, Pavlova lutheri or Cricosphaera carterae, are mentioned as useful phototrophic microorganisms.
• the method described in WO 2009/055951 comprises as an essential step the induction of oxidative stress by co-incubation of stress-inducing substances and/or by increasing the surface radiation strength at the bioreactor. Alternatively or additionally, this can be achieved by adding oleate to the culture medium.
• induction of oxidative stress is achieved by incubation of trivalent iron (for example in the form of Fe 3+ ) with green algae, blue algae and yellow-green algae, respectively in the culture medium.
• trivalent iron for example in the form of Fe 3+
• a further object of the invention is to provide phototrophic microorganisms with an enhanced content of CoQ10. This object is achieved according to the inven- tion by claim 6.
• Fe per liter of culture medium is advantageously about 1 mg/l to about 6 mg/l, in particular about 3 mg/l to about 4 mg/l.
• blue algae preferably about 2.7 mg/l and in the case of green and yellow-green algae preferably about 3.5 mg/l Fe 3+ per liter of culture medium are incubated.
• an incubation of trivalent iron leads to an increased oxidative stress for the group of blue algae, green algae and yellow-green algae.
• the substance triggers a lipid peroxidation which acts as an initial reaction step in membrane destruction.
• the algae react with an increased formation of antioxidative substances, particularly with an increased formation of CoQ10 and CoQH2.
• iron remains present in the algae in an amount of 33 ⁇ g/g to 66 ⁇ g/g dry mass. This is an advantage particularly because the supply of iron-containing food is nowadays considered necessary.
• the phototrophic microorganisms have the following trivalent iron (Fe 3+ ) content by weight relative to the biomass:
• green algae and yellow-green algae at least 1 0 g/g.
• the phototrophic microorganisms have the following trivalent iron (Fe 3+ ) content by weight relative to the biomass:
• green algae and yellow-green algae at least 60 g/g.
• the mixotrophic growth of the microalgae is carried out in a photobioreactor through cultivation under the conditions previously determined for each species.
• an optimization of the surface radiation strength, but also the incubation of substances that induce an oxidative stress have a positive influence on the amount of extractable CoQ10 and CoQH2 in the biomass formed. This is caused, on the one hand, by an increased photooxidation due to the higher surface radiation strengths and, on the other hand, by a lipid peroxidation that is caused by the co-incubated substances increasing the oxidative stress.
• Photooxidative stress in the microalgae only occurs above a defined radiation strength in the photobioreactor.
• the growth of the microorganisms cultivated in the bioreactor can substantially alter the optical density of the culture medium and, concomitantly, the light transmission at the bioreactor.
• the surface radiation strength l 0 at the bioreactor should advantageously be adapted as a function of light transmission.
• this adaption of the surface radiation strength l 0 is made in the range between 40 ⁇ "2 ⁇ "1 and 250 ⁇ "2 - ⁇ "1 .
• This adaption of the surface radiation strength l 0 at the photobioreactor ensures that the radiation strength effectively present in the bioreactor lies above the requisite threshold value also in case of decreasing light transmission, thus assuring the reproducibility of the cultivation conditions and a constantly high yield of CoQ10 from the microorganisms.
• an increase of radiation strength shall not occur too early or be too strong in order to avoid an undesirable damage of the phototrophic microorganisms.
• the method can further comprise the additional step of adding oleate to the culture medium.
• This addition subsequently leads to an increased mitochon- drial proliferation in the cells.
• the addition of oleate which is an important component of the mitochondrial membrane, contributes to an increase of the concentration of CoQ10/QH2 in the cells through increased mito- chondrial proliferation.
• 0.05 to 0.50 ml oleate per liter culture medium is added. In this context, a particularly significant increase of the
• CoQ10/QH2 yield is achieved, in particular, with oleate amounts of 0.15 to 0.30 ml/l, preferably by adding 0.25 ml/l oleate to the culture medium. It is recommended that the culture medium be supplemented with the oleate between the 1 st and 12th cultivation day. In particular, the addition is done between the 3rd and 6th cultivation day. Preferably, the oleate is added on the 5th cultivation day. These values can vary depending on the cultivated species. Examples
• the examples given below shall demonstrate the effects of the modification of various culture parameters on the CoQ10/CoQH2 formation in phototrophic microorganisms.
• the green algae Chlorella kessleri, the blue algae Spirulina vulgaris, Spirulina fusiformis and Spirulina maxima and yellow-green algae which be- long to the division Chlorophyta are used as model organisms, which were
• micronutrient solution III contains the following components with concentrations as listed:
• the medium mentioned above does not contain any meat extract.
• the ASW medium according to Jones et al. ⁇ loc. cit.) - again in a modified manner - is used and produced according to the following protocol:
• micronutrient solution III contains the following components with concentrations as listed:
• the medium mentioned above also does not contain any meat extract.
• Appropriate photobioreactors are any known reactors that are thermally steriliza- ble and that comprise appropriate means for controlling the cultivation parameters.
• Particularly useful photobioreactors for this task are the ones of the following types:
• Comparative Example 1 Reference measurement of the CoQ10 and CoQH2 content in native microorganisms
• the reference measurement with Chlorella kessleri resulted in a CoQ10 content of 2.5 to 3.2 ⁇ g/g and a CoQH2 content of 10.9 to ⁇ g/g, which corresponds to a QH2/Q10 ratio of 4.3 to 4.5.
• the OFBS at a constant 80 ⁇ "2 ⁇ “1 resulted in a CoQ10 content of 5 ⁇ g/g and thus had a disadvantageous effect to the CoQ10 production in Chlorella kessleh.
• the OFBS at a constant 100 ⁇ "2 ⁇ "1 resulted in a CoQ10 content of 6.5 ⁇ g/g
• the OFBS at a constant 140 ⁇ "2 ⁇ "1 resulted in a CoQ10 content of 6.2 ⁇ g/g, thus meaning that similar yields of CoQ10 were obtained
• the OFBS at a constant 120 ⁇ "2 - ⁇ "1 resulted in a CoQ10 content of 7.0 ⁇ g/g and therefore gave the highest yield of the CoQ10 production of Chlorella kessleh.
• Example 2 Substitution of Fe 2+ by Fe 3+ under conditions of organism-specifically adapted OFBS
• the exponential growth phase was shortened and concomitantly the cultivation time under the basic conditions was shortened (10 to 13 days).
• Example 3 Effect of the addition of Fe 3+ on CoQ10 production of yellow-green algae
• Example 4 Modification of the Fe 3+ content under the optimized conditions
• the specific concentration of iron (111) in the biomass (BM) could be increased as follows: in the case of Spirulina fusiformis from 1 1 ⁇ g/gBM (initial content, "native") to a final content of 33 to 37 ⁇ g/gBM; in the case of Spirulina maxima from 12 ⁇ g/gBM (initial content, "native") to a final content of 36 to 40 ⁇ g/gBM; in the case of Spirulina vulgaris from 15 ⁇ g/gBM (initial content, "native") to a final content of 45 to 51 ⁇ g/gBM.
• the specific concentration of iron (111) in the biomass of Chlorella kessleh could be increased from 22 ⁇ g/gBM (initial content, "native") to a final content of 61 to 66 ⁇ g/gBM.
• the melting point of the molecules CoQ10 and CoQH2 is 49 °C according to lite- rature.
• the corresponding molecules obtain a higher stability. In particular, a higher heat resistance of at least 80 °C and also a cold resistance of at least -24 °C was found.
• This inherent stability improvement can be further improved by appropriate stabilizers (chemical/physical, e.g. mono-triglycerides of fatty acids, fatty alcohols and esters thereof).
• appropriate stabilizers chemical/physical, e.g. mono-triglycerides of fatty acids, fatty alcohols and esters thereof.
• Both the medium of the present invention and also the micronutrient solution and the carbon source do not contain any animal components and can, therefore, be used under vegetarian and /or kosher and/or halal specifications.
• an oily extract produced from the oxidative and the optional oleate process with green/blue and yellow-green algae by applying inter alia Fe 3+
• a dried algae product wherein a drying step according to known technologies can be used in accordance with temperature, e.g. freeze drying, spray drying and fluidized-bed drying etc. ); in this process, particles with sizes of up to 100 ⁇ are dispersible (soluble) in water
• a lipoid extract of algae also denoted as algae oil.
• Anti-aging products such as repair kits, creams, sunscreens;
• the extracts encompass CoQ10 and CoQH2 and CoQ10/QH2, respectively, optionally with active ingredient complex.
• the content of the extract can varied.
• a combination with other products / product groups offers unforeseen possibilities and an efficacy increase resulting therefrom.
• the dried algae product can be blended as botanical raw material into various drinks, with a quantity of 2 to 3g algae being considered the usual daily dose.
• Warm drinks can be blended as botanical raw material into various drinks, with a quantity of 2 to 3g algae being considered the usual daily dose.
• the dried algae powder or the oily extract, but also the products from the extraction, are useful for warm drinks:
• the algae powder, the oily extracts but also the extraction products can be admixed to the mass for making soluble tea, coffee and herbal teas.
• the dried algae powder can be admixed to the dough mixtures for subsequent baking. It is also possible to use the oily extract, which has the advantage that there is no ef- feet on color.
• the extraction products can also be used in dough mixtures, although it is subject to special law regulations.
• “Moisture Food” a special category of food products obtained from extruder prod- ucts, which is also used for animal food, can also be produced with the raw materials produced according to the invention.
• the dried algae powder can be used for producing vegetarian animal food, which is becoming increasingly popular.
• the oily extracts as well as the extraction products can be used as further ingredients in food portions or in dry food for pets. Repair kits / Beauty kits
• repair kits in the domains of anti-aging and skin/cell regeneration is also possible.
• the repair kits or beauty kits contain an additional care ingredient in the sense of the so called Thalassotherapy. It is known that algae have a salutary effect against cellulitis. Accordingly, the oily extract as well as the extraction products can be used as additives for products against cellulitis.

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• 2010
  • 2010-12-21 EP EP10196124A patent/EP2468878A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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