WO2012079299A1 - 具有外螺纹的紧固构件和螺纹紧固组件 - Google Patents

具有外螺纹的紧固构件和螺纹紧固组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079299A1
WO2012079299A1 PCT/CN2011/070850 CN2011070850W WO2012079299A1 WO 2012079299 A1 WO2012079299 A1 WO 2012079299A1 CN 2011070850 W CN2011070850 W CN 2011070850W WO 2012079299 A1 WO2012079299 A1 WO 2012079299A1
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Prior art keywords
flank
thread
internal thread
degrees
external thread
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PCT/CN2011/070850
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
顾茂众
彭树庆
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上海底特精密紧固件有限公司
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Application filed by 上海底特精密紧固件有限公司 filed Critical 上海底特精密紧固件有限公司
Priority to US13/063,707 priority Critical patent/US20120195713A1/en
Publication of WO2012079299A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079299A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L15/00—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints
    • F16L15/06—Screw-threaded joints; Forms of screw-threads for such joints characterised by the shape of the screw-thread
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening
    • F16B39/28—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening by special members on, or shape of, the nut or bolt
    • F16B39/30—Locking exclusively by special shape of the screw-thread

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a threaded fastening member, and more particularly to a fastening member having an external thread and a threaded fastening assembly including the same.
  • the basic element of a threaded connection is a thread.
  • the triangular thread has a large equivalent friction coefficient and good self-locking performance, and is mainly used for connection.
  • the flank angle of the triangular thread is 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, the flank angle of the triangular thread is 27.5 degrees.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,711,012 discloses a self-locking threaded structure, i.e., a sturdy threaded structure.
  • the sturdy threaded structure is an internal thread 1, each internal thread 1 comprising a guiding flank 11, a following flank 12 and a bevel 13 extending between the guiding flank 11 and the following flank 12.
  • the connection of the bevel 13 to the guiding flank 11 is higher than the connection of the bevel 13 and the following flank 12, that is to say the connection of the bevel 13 to the guiding flank 11 and the connection of the bevel 13 to the following flank 12 Keep away from the axis 3 of the internal thread 1.
  • the angle between the bevel 13 and the axis 3 of the internal thread 1 is 15 to 45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees.
  • the original triangle of the internal thread 1 is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or imperial thread standard. That is, under the metric and American thread standards, the flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, the flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is 27.5 degrees.
  • the original triangle of the internal thread 1 can also be a triangular thread that increases the flank angle of the flank 11 or a triangular thread that increases the flank angle of the flank 12, ie the flank angle of the guiding flank 11 is greater than The flank angle of 30 degrees and/or following the flank 12 is greater than 27.5 degrees.
  • the external thread 2 cooperating with the self-locking thread structure is a triangular thread conforming to the metric, American or British thread standard.
  • Each external thread 2 comprises a guiding flank 21, a following flank 22, a crest 23 and a root 24 extending between the guiding flank 21 and the following flank 22.
  • the crest 23 is generally a plane parallel to the axis 3 of the external thread 2 (i.e., the axis 3 of the internal thread 1, the axis of the internal thread 1 coincides with the axis of the external thread 2).
  • the base 24 is generally a circular arc surface.
  • the crest 23 of the external thread 2 is in line contact with the inclined surface 13 of the internal thread 1, and the contact area is small, the contact stress is large, and the contact portion is liable to be "cold welded” to cause the "sliding tooth” phenomenon.
  • the contact portion continues to generate minute compression deformation, thereby reducing the axial force of the external thread, thereby causing the fastening member having the internal thread. The clamping force is reduced.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fastening member having an external thread and a thread fastening assembly which cooperates with a threaded internal thread structure to make an external thread It is not easy to "slip" between the contact surface with the internal thread, so that the axial force of the external thread can be maintained during use of the fastening member, thereby maintaining the clamping force of the fastening member having the internal thread.
  • the present invention provides a fastening member having an external thread, which is engageable with a fastening member having an internal thread by the external thread and the internal thread, the internal thread of each tooth including a guiding tooth a side, a follower flank and a bevel extending between the guiding flank of the internal thread and the following flank of the internal thread; a connection between the inclined surface of the internal thread and the guiding flank of the internal thread
  • the inclined surface of the internal thread is farther from the axis of the internal thread than the joint of the internal thread
  • the external thread of each tooth comprises a guiding flank and a following flank
  • the external thread further comprises a bevel extending between the guiding flank of the external thread and the following flank of the external thread
  • the outer thread is further away from the axis of the outer thread than the joint on the flank side; the slope of the outer thread is in conformity with the slope of the inner thread.
  • an angle between the inclined surface of the external thread and the axis of the external thread is 15 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the angle between the slope of the external thread and the axis of the external thread is 30 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread are both equal to 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, the internal thread The flank angle of the guiding flank and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread are both equal to 27.5 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is greater than 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is equal to 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, The flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is greater than 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is equal to 27.5 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is equal to 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is greater than 30 degrees;
  • the flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is equal to 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is greater than 27.5 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is greater than 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is greater than 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, The flank angle of the guiding flank of the internal thread is greater than 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank of the internal thread is greater than 27.5 degrees.
  • an angle between the inclined surface of the internal thread and the axis of the internal thread is 15 degrees to 45 degrees.
  • the externally threaded fastening member is a bolt
  • the internally threaded fastening member engageable with the externally threaded fastening member is a nut
  • the external thread is rolled or cut.
  • the present invention also provides a screw fastening assembly including a first fastening member having an external thread and a second fastening member having an internal thread, the first fastening member and the second fastening member passing through
  • the external thread and the internal thread cooperate with each other, and the internal thread of each tooth comprises a guiding flank, a following flank and a bevel extending between the guiding flank of the internal thread and the following flank of the internal thread;
  • the angle between the inclined surface of the internal thread and the guiding flank of the internal thread and the inclined surface of the internal thread and the following flank of the internal thread are farther from the axis of the internal thread;
  • the external thread includes a guiding flank and a following flank; the external thread further comprising a bevel extending between the guiding flank of the external thread and the following flank of the external thread; the bevel of the external thread a joint of the guiding flank of the external thread and the inclined surface of the external thread and the connecting flank of the external thread are further away from the axis of the external thread; the
  • the first fastening member is a bolt and the second fastening member is a nut.
  • the external thread also has a beveled surface that can be mated with the internal threaded structure of the Spiral, that is, the bevel of the external thread conforms to the bevel of the internal thread.
  • the external thread and the internal thread are in surface contact, and the contact area is increased, the contact stress is reduced, and "cold welding" is less likely to occur between the contact faces, so that the "sliding tooth” phenomenon is less likely to occur.
  • the contact surface continues to be less compressed and deformed, so that the axial force of the external thread can be maintained, thereby maintaining the clamp of the fastening member having the internal thread. Tight force.
  • the angle between the slope of the internal thread structure of the stent and the axis of the internal thread is 15 to 45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees.
  • the angle between the inclined surface of the external thread of the present invention and the axis of the external thread is also 15 to 45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees.
  • the original triangular shape of the sturdy internal thread that cooperates with the external thread of the present invention is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or British thread standard, or may be a triangular thread that guides the flank angle of the flank or follows the flank A triangular thread with an increased flank angle, or a flank angle that guides the flank, and a triangular thread that increases at the same time as the flank angle of the flank.
  • the internal thread matched with the external thread of the present invention only needs to have a slope of 15 degrees to 45 degrees with respect to the axis of the internal thread, and the flank angle of the guiding flank and the flank angle of the following flank are not To be limited.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a prior art external thread and a threaded connection of a stainless steel thread
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the external thread of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the external thread of Figure 2 and the threaded internal thread of the Schmidt.
  • the externally threaded fastening member of the present invention is exemplified by a bolt, and the internally threaded fastening member is exemplified by a nut that cooperates with the bolt, and the principle of the present invention and its embodiment are described in detail.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the externally threaded fastening member of the present invention may be a part having the external thread of the present invention (the material of the part is not limited).
  • the parts (such as screws, studs or customer-made parts) are used in conjunction with parts (such as nuts) that can have a self-locking threaded structure (Spirit internal thread) and are widely used in automobiles, construction machinery, railways, and urban rails. , bridges, aviation and other fields.
  • each external thread 2 includes a guiding flank 21, a trailing flank 22, a crest 23 and a root 24 extending between the guiding flank 21 and the trailing flank 22.
  • the crest 23 is a bevel.
  • the connection 26 of the bevel 23 to the guiding flank 21 and the bevel 23 are further away from the axis 3 of the external thread 2 than the connection 25 of the following flank 22 .
  • the angle between the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2 and the axis 3 of the external thread is also 15 to 45 degrees.
  • the angle between the inclined surface 13 of the internal thread of the stainless steel and the axis 3 of the internal thread is preferably 30 degrees
  • the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2 is The angle between the axes 3 of the external threads is also preferably 30 degrees.
  • the original triangle of the external thread 2 is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or inch thread standard.
  • the flank angle ⁇ of the guiding flank 21 and the flank angle ⁇ of the following flank 22 are both 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, the flank angle ⁇ of the flank 21 and the following teeth are guided.
  • the flank angle ⁇ of the side 22 is 27.5 degrees.
  • the root 24 is a circular arc surface.
  • the invention is not limited thereto, and the root 24 can also be a flat surface.
  • Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 2.
  • the angle ⁇ between the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2 and the axis 3 of the external thread is 15 to 45 degrees (under metric, American and inch thread standards).
  • the guiding flank 21, the following flank 22 and the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2 are planar, but in practice, for the convenience of processing, the intersection 26 and the trailing flank 22 of the guiding flank 21 and the inclined surface 23 are The intersections 25 of the slopes 23 are actually a circular arc surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the external thread of Figure 2 and the threaded internal thread of the Schmidt.
  • each internal thread 1 comprises a guiding flank 11, a following flank 12 and a bevel 13 extending between the guiding flank 11 and the following flank 12.
  • the connection of the bevel 13 to the guiding flank 11 is higher than the connection of the bevel 13 and the following flank 12, that is to say the connection of the bevel 13 to the guiding flank 11 and the connection of the bevel 13 to the following flank 12 Keep away from the axis 3 of the internal thread 1.
  • the angle between the bevel 13 and the axis 3 of the internal thread 1 is 15 to 45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees.
  • the original triangle of the internal thread 1 is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or Imperial thread standard.
  • the flank angle of the guiding flank 11 and the flank angle of the following flank 12 are both 30 degrees; under the inch thread standard, the flank angle of the flank 11 and the flank 12 are followed.
  • the flank angle is 27.5 degrees.
  • the inclined surface 13 of the internal thread 1 is in contact with the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2.
  • the external thread 2 is in surface contact with the internal thread 1, and the contact area is larger than that of the prior art, the contact stress is smaller than that of the prior art, and the "cold welding" is less likely to occur between the contact surfaces, thereby making it difficult to produce "slip". "tooth” phenomenon.
  • the contact surface continues to be less deformed by compression, so that the axial force of the external thread 2 can be maintained, thereby maintaining the nut with the internal thread 1. Clamping force.
  • the external thread 2 may be formed by rolling or cutting. Of course, the invention is not limited thereto, and the external thread 2 can also be formed by other processing methods that may occur in the future.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment in which the original triangle of the internal thread 1 is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or British thread standard.
  • the groove width of the internal thread 1 can be increased by increasing the flank angle of the guiding flank 11 and/or increasing the flank angle of the following flank 12, so that the bolt having the external thread 2 is screwed more smoothly.
  • the nut of the thread 1 is such that the inclined surface 23 of the external thread 2 is fitted to the inclined surface 13 of the internal thread 1, so that a good self-locking function of the thread pair can be achieved, and the clamping of the nut can be maintained during the use of the thread pair. force.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is equal to 30 degrees;
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is equal to 27.5 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is equal to 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 30 degrees;
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is equal to 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 27.5 degrees.
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 30 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 30 degrees;
  • flank angle of the guiding flank 11 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 27.5 degrees, and the flank angle of the following flank 12 of the internal thread 1 is greater than 27.5 degrees.
  • the original triangular shape of the sturdy internal thread 1 cooperating with the external thread 2 of the present invention is a triangle conforming to the metric, American or British thread standard, or may be a triangular thread or a follower that increases the flank angle of the flank 11
  • the triangular thread of the flank 12 whose flank angle is increased, or the flank angle of the guiding flank 11, and the triangular thread which follows the flank angle of the flank 12 are simultaneously increased.
  • the internal thread 1 which cooperates with the external thread 2 of the present invention only needs to have a slope 13 which is at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees with the axis 3 of the internal thread 1, and the flank angle and the following tooth of the guiding flank 11
  • the flank angle of the side 12 is not limited.
  • the internal thread 1 and the external thread 2 have an allowable error in actual machining, which is inconsistent with the ideal state.
  • the intersection 26 of the guiding flank 21 and the inclined surface 23 and the intersection 25 of the following flank 22 and the inclined surface 23 are actually a circular arc surface instead of a straight line.
  • the axis of the internal thread 1 and the axis of the external thread 2 are ideally coincident, but in actual processing, there may be a slight deviation between the two axes, and coincide.

Description

具有外螺纹的紧固构件和螺纹紧固组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种螺纹紧固构件，尤其涉及一种具有外螺纹的紧固构件和包括该紧固构件的螺纹紧固组件。
背景技术
螺纹连接的基本要素是螺纹。三角形螺纹的当量摩擦系数较大，自锁性能好，主要用于连接。在公制和美制螺纹标准下，三角形螺纹的牙侧角为30度；在英制螺纹标准下，三角形螺纹的牙侧角为27.5度。
专利号为4171012的美国专利公开了一种自锁螺纹结构，也即施必牢螺纹结构。如图1所示，该施必牢螺纹结构为内螺纹1，每牙内螺纹1包括引导牙侧11、跟随牙侧12以及在引导牙侧11和跟随牙侧12之间延伸的斜面13。斜面13与引导牙侧11的连接处高于斜面13与跟随牙侧12的连接处，也即斜面13与引导牙侧11的连接处和斜面13与跟随牙侧12的连接处相比，更远离内螺纹1的轴线3。在公制、美制和英制螺纹标准下，斜面13与内螺纹1的轴线3之间的夹角皆为15度～45度，优选为30度。
内螺纹1的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形。也即在公制和美制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角是30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角是27.5度。当然，内螺纹1的原始三角形也可以是引导牙侧11的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹或跟随牙侧12的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹，也即引导牙侧11的牙侧角大于30度和/或跟随牙侧12的牙侧角大于27.5度。
目前，如图1所示，与自锁螺纹结构相配合的外螺纹2为符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形螺纹。每牙外螺纹2包括引导牙侧21、跟随牙侧22、在引导牙侧21和跟随牙侧22之间延伸的牙顶23和牙底24。牙顶23一般为平行于外螺纹2的轴线3（也即是内螺纹1的轴线3，内螺纹1的轴线与外螺纹2的轴线是重合的）的平面。为克服应力集中问题，牙底24一般为圆弧面。当外螺纹2产生轴力F时，外螺纹2的牙顶23抵靠在内螺纹1的斜面13上。
外螺纹2的牙顶23与内螺纹1的斜面13是线接触，接触面积较小，则接触应力较大，接触部分容易发生“冷焊”而导致“滑牙”现象的产生。在使用此螺纹副的过程中，由于机器或被夹持的工件长时间振动，接触部分继续产生微小的压缩变形，从而使外螺纹的轴力减小，进而导致具有内螺纹的紧固构件的夹紧力的减小。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有外螺纹的紧固构件和螺纹紧固组件，该外螺纹与施必牢的内螺纹结构相配合，使外螺纹和内螺纹的接触面之间不易“滑牙”，从而在紧固构件的使用过程中能保持外螺纹的轴力，进而保持具有内螺纹的紧固构件的夹紧力。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种具有外螺纹的紧固构件，可与具有内螺纹的紧固构件通过所述外螺纹和所述内螺纹相互配合，每牙所述内螺纹包括引导牙侧、跟随牙侧和延伸于所述内螺纹的引导牙侧和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述内螺纹的轴线；每牙所述外螺纹包括引导牙侧和跟随牙侧；所述外螺纹还包括延伸于所述外螺纹的引导牙侧和所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述外螺纹的轴线；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的斜面相贴合。
进一步地，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度。
优选地，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为30度。
优选地，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角都等于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角都等于27.5度。
可替换地，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角等于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角等于27.5度。
可替换地，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角等于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角等于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度。
可替换地，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度。
进一步地，所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度。
优选地，所述具有外螺纹的紧固构件为螺栓，可与所述具有外螺纹的紧固构件相配合的所述具有内螺纹的紧固构件为螺母。
进一步地，所述外螺纹是滚压成型或切削成型的。
本发明还提供了一种螺纹紧固组件，包括具有外螺纹的第一紧固构件和具有内螺纹的第二紧固构件，所述第一紧固构件和所述第二紧固构件通过所述外螺纹和所述内螺纹相互配合，每牙所述内螺纹包括引导牙侧、跟随牙侧和延伸于所述内螺纹的引导牙侧和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述内螺纹的轴线；每牙所述外螺纹包括引导牙侧和跟随牙侧；所述外螺纹还包括延伸于所述外螺纹的引导牙侧和所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述外螺纹的轴线；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的斜面相贴合。
优选地，所述第一紧固构件为螺栓，所述第二紧固构件为螺母。
本发明的具有外螺纹的紧固构件和螺纹紧固组件的有益效果在于：
外螺纹也具有斜面，可与施必牢的内螺纹结构相配合，也即外螺纹的斜面与内螺纹的斜面相贴合。外螺纹与内螺纹为面接触，接触面积增大，则接触应力减小，接触面之间不易发生“冷焊”，从而不易产生“滑牙”现象。在螺纹紧固组件的使用过程中，由于避免了“滑牙”现象的产生，接触面继续压缩变形得较少，从而可以保持外螺纹的轴力，进而保持具有内螺纹的紧固构件的夹紧力。
施必牢的内螺纹结构的斜面与内螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度，优选为30度。为与施必牢的内螺纹结构相配合，本发明的外螺纹的斜面与外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角也为15度～45度，优选为30度。
与本发明的外螺纹相配合的施必牢的内螺纹的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形，也可以是引导牙侧的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹或跟随牙侧的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹，或者引导牙侧的牙侧角、跟随牙侧的牙侧角同时增大的三角形螺纹。与本发明的外螺纹相配合的内螺纹只需具有与内螺纹的轴线之间的夹角呈15度～45度的斜面，对引导牙侧的牙侧角和跟随牙侧的牙侧角没要限制。
以下将结合附图对本发明的构思、具体结构及产生的技术效果作进一步说明，以充分地了解本发明的目的、特征和效果。
附图说明
图1是现有技术的外螺纹与施必牢内螺纹螺纹连接的剖面示意图；
图2是本发明的一个较佳实施例的外螺纹的剖面示意图；
图3是图2中I处的局部放大图；
图4是图2的外螺纹与施必牢内螺纹螺纹连接的剖面示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的具有外螺纹的紧固构件以螺栓为例，具有内螺纹的紧固构件以与该螺栓配合的螺母为例，对本发明的原理及其实施方式进行详细描述。但本发明并不限于此，本发明的具有外螺纹的紧固构件可以为具有本发明的外螺纹的零件（零件的材料无限制）。该零件（如螺钉、双头螺柱或客户自制零件等）与可具有自锁螺纹结构（施必牢内螺纹）的零件（如螺母）配合，广泛应用于汽车、工程机械、铁路、城轨、桥梁、航空等领域。
图2为本发明的一个较佳实施例的外螺纹的剖面示意图。如图2和图3所示，每牙外螺纹2包括引导牙侧21、跟随牙侧22、在引导牙侧21和跟随牙侧22之间延伸的牙顶23和牙底24。牙顶23为斜面。斜面23与引导牙侧21的连接处26和斜面23与跟随牙侧22的连接处25相比，更远离外螺纹2的轴线3。为与施必牢内螺纹相配合，外螺纹2的斜面23与外螺纹的轴线3之间的夹角也为15度～45度。由于施必牢内螺纹的斜面13与内螺纹的轴线3（内螺纹1的轴线与外螺纹2的轴线是重合的）之间的夹角优选为30度，因此，外螺纹2的斜面23与外螺纹的轴线3之间的夹角也优选为30度。
外螺纹2的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形。在公制和美制螺纹标准下，引导牙侧21的牙侧角β和跟随牙侧22的牙侧角α都为30度；在英制螺纹标准下，引导牙侧21的牙侧角β和跟随牙侧22的牙侧角α都为27.5度。
在本实施例中，为克服应力集中问题，牙底24为圆弧面。当然，本发明并不限于此，牙底24也可以为平面。
图3是图2中I处的局部放大图。如图3所示，外螺纹2的斜面23与外螺纹的轴线3之间的夹角θ为15度～45度（在公制、美制和英制螺纹标准下）。理想状态下，外螺纹2的引导牙侧21、跟随牙侧22和斜面23都是平面的，但实际上，为了加工方便，引导牙侧21与斜面23的相交处26和跟随牙侧22与斜面23的相交处25实际都为一圆弧面。
图4是图2的外螺纹与施必牢内螺纹螺纹连接的剖面示意图。如图4所示，每牙内螺纹1包括引导牙侧11、跟随牙侧12以及在引导牙侧11和跟随牙侧12之间延伸的斜面13。斜面13与引导牙侧11的连接处高于斜面13与跟随牙侧12的连接处，也即斜面13与引导牙侧11的连接处和斜面13与跟随牙侧12的连接处相比，更远离内螺纹1的轴线3。在公制、美制和英制螺纹标准下，斜面13与内螺纹1的轴线3之间的夹角皆为15度～45度，优选为30度。
在本发明的实施方式中，内螺纹1的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形。在公制和美制螺纹标准下，引导牙侧11的牙侧角和跟随牙侧12的牙侧角都为30度；在英制螺纹标准下，引导牙侧11的牙侧角和跟随牙侧12的牙侧角都为27.5度。
内螺纹1的斜面13与外螺纹2的斜面23相贴合。外螺纹2与内螺纹1为面接触，接触面积比现有技术的线接触大，则接触应力比现有技术的线接触小，接触面之间不易发生“冷焊”，从而不易产生“滑牙”现象。在外螺纹2与内螺纹1螺纹连接期间，由于避免了“滑牙”现象的产生，接触面继续压缩变形得较少，从而可以保持外螺纹2的轴力，进而保持具有内螺纹1的螺母的夹紧力。
外螺纹2可以是滚压成型，也可以为切削成型。当然，本发明并不限于此，外螺纹2也可以以未来可能出现的其他加工方式来加工成型。
本发明并不限于内螺纹1的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形的实施方式。可以通过增大引导牙侧11的牙侧角和/或增大跟随牙侧12的牙侧角，来增大内螺纹1的槽宽，使具有外螺纹2的螺栓更顺利地旋入具有内螺纹1的螺母，从而使外螺纹2的斜面23贴合在内螺纹1的斜面13上，即可实现螺纹副的良好的自锁功能，并能在螺纹副的使用期间一直保持螺母的夹紧力。
作为本发明的一个替换实施方式，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角大于30度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角等于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角大于27.5度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角等于27.5度。
作为本发明的另一个替换实施方式，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角等于30度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角等于27.5度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角大于27.5度。
作为本发明的再一个替换实施方式，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角大于30度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹1的引导牙侧11的牙侧角大于27.5度，内螺纹1的跟随牙侧12的牙侧角大于27.5度。
与本发明的外螺纹2相配合的施必牢的内螺纹1的原始三角形是符合公制、美制或英制螺纹标准的三角形，也可以是引导牙侧11的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹或跟随牙侧12的牙侧角增大的三角形螺纹，或者引导牙侧11的牙侧角、跟随牙侧12的牙侧角同时增大的三角形螺纹。与本发明的外螺纹2相配合的内螺纹1只需具有与内螺纹1的轴线3之间的夹角呈15度～45度的斜面13，对引导牙侧11的牙侧角和跟随牙侧12的牙侧角没有限制。
本领域的普通技术人员可以知悉，内螺纹1和外螺纹2在实际加工中，存在允许的误差，与理想状态不一致。例如，引导牙侧21与斜面23的相交处26和跟随牙侧22与斜面23的相交处25实际都为一圆弧面，而不是直线。再例如，当螺母和螺栓螺纹连接时，内螺纹1的轴线与外螺纹2的轴线在理想状态下是重合的，但在实际加工中，这两个轴线之间可能存在微小的偏差，并不重合。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思做出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域的技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种具有外螺纹的紧固构件，可与具有内螺纹的紧固构件通过所述外螺纹和所述内螺纹相互配合，
    每牙所述内螺纹包括引导牙侧、跟随牙侧和延伸于所述内螺纹的引导牙侧和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述内螺纹的轴线；
    每牙所述外螺纹包括引导牙侧和跟随牙侧；
    其特征在于，所述外螺纹还包括延伸于所述外螺纹的引导牙侧和所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述外螺纹的轴线；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的斜面相贴合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为30度。
  4. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角都等于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角都等于27.5度。
  5. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角等于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角等于27.5度。
  6. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角等于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角等于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度。
  7. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，在公制和美制螺纹标准下，所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于30度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于30度；在英制螺纹标准下，内螺纹的引导牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度，所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的牙侧角大于27.5度。
  8. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度。
  9. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，所述具有外螺纹的紧固构件为螺栓，可与所述具有外螺纹的紧固构件相配合的所述具有内螺纹的紧固构件为螺母。
  10. 如权利要求1或2或3所述的具有外螺纹的紧固构件，其中，所述外螺纹是滚压成型或切削成型的。
  11. 一种螺纹紧固组件，包括具有外螺纹的第一紧固构件和具有内螺纹的第二紧固构件，所述第一紧固构件和所述第二紧固构件通过所述外螺纹和所述内螺纹相互配合，
    每牙所述内螺纹包括引导牙侧、跟随牙侧和延伸于所述内螺纹的引导牙侧和所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述内螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述内螺纹的轴线；
    每牙所述外螺纹包括引导牙侧和跟随牙侧；
    其特征在于，所述外螺纹还包括延伸于所述外螺纹的引导牙侧和所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧之间的斜面；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的引导牙侧的连接处和所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的跟随牙侧的连接处相比，更远离所述外螺纹的轴线；所述外螺纹的斜面与所述内螺纹的斜面相贴合。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的螺纹紧固组件，其中，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为15度～45度。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的螺纹紧固组件，其中，所述外螺纹的斜面与所述外螺纹的轴线之间的夹角为30度。
  14. 如权利要求11或12或13所述的螺纹紧固组件，其中，所述第一紧固构件为螺栓，所述第二紧固构件为螺母。
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