WO2012079276A1 - 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 - Google Patents

一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012079276A1
WO2012079276A1 PCT/CN2011/001285 CN2011001285W WO2012079276A1 WO 2012079276 A1 WO2012079276 A1 WO 2012079276A1 CN 2011001285 W CN2011001285 W CN 2011001285W WO 2012079276 A1 WO2012079276 A1 WO 2012079276A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
dynamic membrane
backwashing
head
cylinder
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/001285
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
罗文峰
曹达文
赵向军
Original Assignee
Luo Wenfeng
Cao Dawen
Zhao Xiangjun
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN 201010587527 external-priority patent/CN102000512B/zh
Priority claimed from CN2010206618151U external-priority patent/CN201906564U/zh
Application filed by Luo Wenfeng, Cao Dawen, Zhao Xiangjun filed Critical Luo Wenfeng
Publication of WO2012079276A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012079276A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/10—Specific supply elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/04—Backflushing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of water supply/sewage treatment, and particularly relates to an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device. Background technique
  • Dynamic membrane also known as second membrane, refers to a new membrane formed on the surface of a microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane or large pore support by a precoat or activated sludge.
  • the formation of dynamic membranes can slow down microfiltration membranes, ultrafiltration membrane blockage and membrane fouling, or increase the retention of macroporous supports.
  • Dynamic membranes are generally classified into two types: autogenous membranes and precoat membranes: the autogenous membrane only needs to rely on the separated mixture, while the precoat membrane requires the addition of one or more special component shields to the separated water. It is formed by a direct or precoat cycle.
  • It can be used as a material for dynamic membrane supports and in the form of dynamic membrane devices, for example, using organic materials such as cellulose acetate, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and sintered polyethylene ( PE), polysulfone (PS), etc., and microfiltration membranes or ultrafiltration membranes made of inorganic sintered ceramics, sintered metal particulate filter rods, and large pores and meshes (such as plastic mesh, metal mesh, etc.) or none
  • the woven material can be used as a support for the dynamic film.
  • a support material sintered from plastic, ceramics, metal or the like is called a porous material
  • a support material such as a stainless steel mesh, a nylon mesh, a polyethylene mesh, an industrial filter cloth, or a nonwoven fabric
  • the porous material and the large aperture mesh support the dynamic membrane, so it is called the support of the dynamic membrane.
  • the dynamic membrane support applied to solid-liquid separation needs to have the following characteristics: The material has a certain strength and does not collapse after the dynamic membrane is formed; the dynamic membrane is easy to fall off during the flushing process; the support body is durable and will not be corroded and Mechanical damage; low cost.
  • the pore size of the porous material is substantially the same as the particle size of the particulate matter in the water, so the gap between the particles is the passage into which the liquid flows.
  • These channels are very tortuous, although they can guarantee the accuracy of filtration, but they are easily blocked by fine particulate matter; and these gaps are also prone to bacteria, and sticky substances on the surface of bacteria also block the gap.
  • Filter membranes and ultrafiltration membranes made of organic materials are easily damaged by particulate matter and affect filtration accuracy.
  • these gaps are inside the porous material, and it is not easy to solve the problem of gap clogging by means of backwashing, washing, brushing, etc., and the flux is drastically lowered, and the reuse efficiency is not high.
  • the aperture of a large aperture network is generally ten to several hundred times larger than that of a particulate material.
  • the water stream filters the cake layer through the gap flow between the particulate matter forming the filter cake layer, and passes through the large pore network, and the particulate matter is trapped. This process is similar to the filtration process of porous materials, and the filtration accuracy depends on the particle size of the particulate matter.
  • the filter cake layer is easily detached from the surface of the large pore mesh.
  • the pre-coated particulate matter is formed on the surface of the large pore mesh to form a filter cake layer, and the next filtration process can be started.
  • the filter cake layer is also a dynamic membrane. Therefore, according to the above requirements, the large aperture mesh is superior to the porous material as the dynamic membrane support material for solid-liquid separation.
  • the patent application No. 96229378.4 of the National Patent Office discloses a drinking water filtering device. Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, which are respectively schematic diagrams of the national patent office application number 96229378.4 drinking water filtering device and the filter element thereof.
  • the drinking water filtering device comprises a top cover 11 , a housing 12 having a cylindrical upper portion, a conical shape at the lower portion, and a filter element 13 mounted therein.
  • the top cover 11 is flanged to the housing 12.
  • the perforated partition 14 is disposed between the top cover 11 and the casing 12, and the filter element 13 is fixedly mounted on the perforated partition 14, the filter element 13 is composed of a circular top plate 15, a column 16, a wire mesh 17, and a bottom plate 18.
  • the steel ring 19 is firmly connected, and the column 16 of the filter element is arranged in a hexagonal shape, and the steel mesh 17 is wrapped outside.
  • the column 16 is first tensioned from the inside to the outside by the copper ring 19, so that the wire mesh 17 is also tensioned into a hexagonal shape, so that the wire mesh 17 is The deformation under the filtration pressure is limited, and then the column 16 is fixedly coupled to the top plate 15 and the bottom plate 18, respectively.
  • the diatomaceous earth slurry is pre-coated on the steel mesh 17 of the filter element 13 as a filter membrane, and then water filtration is started. After a period of water filtration, the filter membrane on the filter element 13 is reversely washed, and the membrane is washed.
  • the drinking water filtering device adopts a large-diameter steel mesh as a support for a dynamic membrane for solid-liquid separation, and can effectively remove substances harmful to human body in water.
  • the device also has the following drawbacks:
  • the present invention provides an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamics with low energy consumption, easy backwashing, rapid formation of the film-forming substance completely and completely separated from the support body, and can be quickly and completely discharged into the system.
  • Membrane device
  • An external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device comprising a head, a perforated plate, a cylinder, and a dynamic membrane support, wherein the dynamic membrane support is sequentially fixed on a bottom surface of the perforated plate;
  • the head, the perforated plate and the cylinder are sequentially installed from top to bottom, the head is provided with a clean water outlet, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a raw water inlet, and the head is further provided with a plurality of backwashing inlets;
  • the cylinder body is further provided with a plurality of backwashing water inlet/air inlet ports, and a plurality of backwash water outlets are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body;
  • the clean water outlet provided on the head and the raw water inlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder are synchronously matched;
  • the backwashing water inlet provided on the cylinder body, the backwashing water inlet provided on the sealing head and the backwashing water outlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder body are synchronously matched;
  • the water purification operation does not work at the same time as the backwash operation.
  • the clean water outlet provided on the head is connected to the backwashing water inlet in a three-way manner.
  • An external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane system comprising: an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device, a water pump, a valve, a pre-coating water tank, a high-pressure gas source and a backwashing device;
  • the external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device comprises: a head, a perforated plate, a cylinder, and a dynamic membrane support, wherein the dynamic membrane support is sequentially fixed on a bottom surface of the perforated plate;
  • the head, the perforated plate and the cylinder are sequentially installed from top to bottom, the head is provided with a clean water outlet, and the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a raw water inlet, wherein: the head is further provided with a plurality of Backwashing water inlet; a plurality of backwashing water inlets and air inlets are arranged on the cylinder body, and a thousand backwashing water outlets are arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body;
  • Each water inlet and outlet of the external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device are connected with a valve;
  • the raw water inlet provided on the cylinder is connected to the water pump and the pre-coating tank through a valve;
  • the backwashing water inlet provided on the head is connected to the backwashing device through a valve;
  • the clean water outlet provided on the head and the raw water inlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder are synchronously matched;
  • the backwashing water inlet/air inlet provided on the cylinder body, the backwashing water inlet provided on the sealing head and the backwashing water outlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder body are synchronously matched;
  • the water purification operation does not work at the same time as the backwash operation.
  • the backwashing water inlet/air inlet provided on the cylinder is in a state of backwashing water inlet, and then connected to the water pump or the pre-coating water tank; or it is connected with the backwashing device; When the air inlet is in the state of the backwash air inlet, it is connected to the high pressure air source.
  • the clean water outlet provided on the head is connected to the pre-coating tank through a valve; in the clean water outlet stage, the clean water outlet is not connected to the pre-coating tank, but is discharged outside the system.
  • the invention relates to a water purification method for an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane system, which comprises three stages: a pre-coating film forming stage, a clean water discharging stage, a dynamic film backwashing stripping stage;
  • the pre-coating film forming stage closing the backwashing water inlet on the sealing head, the backwashing water inlet/intake port and the backwashing water outlet on the cylinder through the valve; and the clean water outlet provided on the head passes through the valve Connected to the pre-coating tank; first, the film-forming substance is introduced into the pre-coating tank, and the film-forming substance is dispersed in the water.
  • the water containing the film-forming substance is injected by the water pump from the raw water inlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder, and the film-forming substance is deposited.
  • the clean water discharge stage after the dynamic membrane is formed on the outer surface of the dynamic membrane support, the water is pumped from the pre-coating tank through the pre-coating water tank, and is injected from the raw water inlet provided at the bottom of the cylinder, and the raw water passes through the dynamic membrane.
  • the solid matter in the raw water is intercepted by the dynamic membrane, and the filtered water flows out through the clean water outlet on the head, and at this time, the valve connected to the clean water outlet on the head is switched, and the water is cleaned.
  • the water flowing out of the water outlet does not flow into the pre-coating tank, but flows out of the system as water after treatment;
  • the dynamic membrane backwashing and stripping stage at this time, the valve is switched, the clean water outlet and the raw water outlet are closed; at this time, the raw water is passed from the pre-coating tank to the backwashing inlet provided on the upper side of the cylinder by the water pump.
  • the water or gas is dissipated, then flows out of the sewage outlet and is discharged outside the system; the film-forming substances and solid particles, colloids, bacteria, etc., which are intercepted by the film-forming substances, become Discharged to outside of the system together with the substance.
  • the backwashing process is complete.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a drinking water filtering device of the National Patent Office application number 96229378.4;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a filter element of a drinking water filtering device of the National Patent Office No. 96229378.4 Figure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view corresponding to a pre-coating film forming stage of an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane system
  • 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure corresponding to the clean water discharge stage of an external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane system.
  • An external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device comprising: a head 1, a porous plate 2, a dynamic membrane support 4, a cylinder 3; and the dynamic membrane support 4 is mechanically or chemically, orderly It is fixed on the bottom surface of the perforated plate 2; the head 1 is provided with a clean water outlet 11 and a backwash water inlet 12; and the clean water outlet 11 and the backwash water inlet 12 are connected to the top of the head through three communication.
  • the bottom of the cylinder 3 is provided with a raw underwater water inlet 32 and a sewage outlet 31, and the original underwater water inlet 32 and the sewage outlet 31 are connected to the bottom of the cylinder 3 through a three-way, and the upper part of the cylinder 3 is provided with a raw water inlet. 33;
  • the head 1, the perforated plate 2 and the cylinder 3 are sequentially installed from top to bottom. Among them, the original water inlet 33 and the sewage outlet 31 are used for the backwashing process.
  • the perforated plate 2 divides the device into two chambers: the inner cavity of the head 1 and the upper wall of the perforated plate 2 surround the water purification chamber 100; the inner cavity of the cylinder 3 and the lower wall of the perforated plate 2 surround the raw water chamber 200, and the dynamic membrane
  • the support 4 is enclosed in the raw water chamber 200.
  • the inner cavity of the dynamic membrane support 4 passes through a hole in the perforated plate 2 to communicate with the clean water chamber 100.
  • An external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane system comprises: the above-mentioned external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane, water pump, valve and pre-coating water tank, backwashing device and the like.
  • each of the water inlet and the water outlet of the external pressure type non-circulating solid-liquid separation dynamic membrane device are connected with a valve
  • the original underwater water inlet 32 is connected to the water pump and the pre-coating water tank through the valve in sequence;
  • the backwash water inlet 12 is connected to the backwashing device through the valve;
  • the original water inlet 33 is connected to the water pump and the pre-coating tank through a valve.
  • the clean water outlet 11 is connected to the pre-coating tank through a valve.
  • the original underwater water inlet 32 is synchronized with the supporting work;
  • the system's water purification method consists of three phases: a pre-coating filming stage, a clean water effluent stage, and a dynamic membrane backwashing and stripping stage.
  • the pre-coating film forming stage is: closing the backwashing water inlet 12, the raw water inlet 33 and the sewage outlet 31 through the valve 5; and the clean water outlet 11 is connected to the pre-coating tank 7 through the valve 5; A film-forming substance is introduced into the coating tank 7, and the film-forming substance is dispersed in water.
  • the water containing the film forming material is injected into the raw water chamber 200 from the raw water inlet 32 by the water pump 6, and the film forming material is deposited on the outer surface of the dynamic film supporting body 4, and the water flows into the inner cavity of the dynamic film supporting body 4, thereby It flows into the clean water chamber 100, and then flows out of the clean water chamber 100 through the clean water outlet 11, and flows back to the pre-coating tank 7.
  • the film-forming substance is continuously thickened on the surface of the dynamic film support 4, which is a so-called bridge bridging phenomenon.
  • most of the film-forming material accumulates on the surface of the dynamic membrane support 4 to form a membrane, which we call a dynamic membrane.
  • the dynamic membrane As the water flows through the dynamic membrane, it flows through the surface of the dynamic membrane support 4, flows into the inner cavity of the dynamic membrane support 4, and enters the clean water chamber 100.
  • the dynamic membrane is compacted and gradually stabilized, and the film-forming substance is not formed. It will fall off the dynamic membrane, and the dynamic membrane will form and enter the next stage.
  • the water purification stage the raw water is continuously replenished, flows into the pre-coating tank, and the raw water is injected into the raw water chamber 200 from the original underwater water inlet 32 by the water pump, and then passes through the dynamic membrane to enter the inner cavity of the dynamic membrane support body 4, and then The water purification chamber 100 enters the clean water chamber 100 and flows out of the clean water outlet 11.
  • the water flowing out of the clean water chamber 100 does not flow into the pre-coating tank, but flows out of the system and is used as water after the treatment.
  • Raw water When passing through the dynamic membrane, the solid matter in the raw water is intercepted by the dynamic membrane, which is the process of solid-liquid separation.
  • the film-forming material is generally granular, with gaps between the particles, some of which have micropores on the surface, and the pores communicate with each other. These gaps and pores allow water to pass through, and solid matter in the water is blocked.
  • the size of the gap and the micropore determine the precision of the solid-liquid separation. The larger the gap and the aperture, the lower the separation accuracy.
  • the dynamic membrane backwashing and stripping stage With the increase of time, more and more solid substances are separated from the dynamic membrane, and the solid matter will block the gaps and micropores, increasing the water flow. Resistance, reducing the flow rate of water through the dynamic membrane, the amount of purified water is reduced, and the energy consumption is increased.
  • the backwashing phase can be entered: At this time, the water outlet 11 and the original underwater water inlet 32 are closed by the valve switching; at this time, the raw water is injected into the raw water chamber 200 from the pre-coating tank 7 through the water pump 6 to the original water inlet 33.
  • the raw water flows through the surface of the dynamic membrane support 4, so that it adheres to the dynamic membrane support 4
  • the dynamic membrane is washed away from the surface of the dynamic membrane support 4 by the backwash water flow, and is flushed by the pressurized water having a pressure and a flow rate from the original water inlet 33 into the raw water chamber, and then discharged from the sewage outlet to be discharged outside the system.
  • the film-forming substance and the solid particles, colloids, bacteria, and the like which are intercepted by the film-forming substance are discharged to the outside of the system along with the film-forming substance. The backwashing process is complete.
  • the original underwater water inlet 32 is opened, the clean water outlet 11 is opened, the backwash water inlet 12 is closed, the sewage outlet 31 is closed, the original water inlet 33 is closed, and the raw water is closed by the original underwater inlet 32.
  • the raw water chamber 200 enters the clean water chamber 100 through the dynamic membrane support 4, and then flows out of the water pre-coating tank through the clean water outlet 11.
  • the film-forming substance is added to the pre-coating tank, and the outer surface of the dynamic membrane support 4 is trapped to form a dynamic film, which is the pre-coating film forming stage. Then there is the stage of the clean water discharge, and then the dynamic membrane backwash release stage, and so on.
  • the original water inlet 31 is connected to the pre-coating tank 7 through the valve 5 and the water pump 6, and water having a pressure flow rate is drawn from the pre-coating tank 7 through the water pump 6.
  • the original water inlet 31 is merely an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the original water inlet 31 may also be connected to the backwashing device, and the backwashing device may inject high pressure backwash water from the original water inlet 31; or the original water inlet 31 may be connected to a high pressure gas source, and the high pressure gas source may enter from the original water source.
  • the nozzle is filled with a gas having a relatively high pressure flow rate; that is, at the time of backwashing, water or gas having a pressure and a flow rate is injected into the raw water chamber 200 through the original water inlet port 31, thereby disturbing the water of the raw water chamber 200, thereby Breaking the film into a solid material facilitates the exit of the film forming material.
  • the clean water outlet 11 and the backwash water inlet 12 are connected in a three-way connection at the head
  • the top of the top is only an example.
  • the water outlet and the backwash water inlet may be respectively connected to the head, and the number of the two may be one or more, and the two may be disposed on the head.
  • the arbitrary position of 1 is not limited by the present invention.
  • the original underwater water inlet 32 and the sewage water outlet 31 are connected to the bottom of the cylinder through a three-way connection.
  • the two may be respectively connected to the bottom of the cylinder, and the number of the two may be One may also be plural, and the present invention does not limit this.
  • the original water inlet 31 is located on the upper side of the cylinder 3, which is merely an example. In the specific implementation, it may be disposed at any position of the cylinder, which is not limited by the present invention.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Description

一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 技术领域
本发明属于给水 /污水处理领域， 尤其涉及一种外压式无循环固液分离动 态膜装置。 背景技术
进入 21世纪， 水处理膜分离技术应用越来越广泛。 动态膜分离技术， 由 于其相对投资成本低， 膜污染容易控制， 能耗低等优点， 成为当前膜研究热 点。
动态膜 ( Dynamic membrane )又可以称为次生膜 ( second membrane )， 是 指通过预涂剂或活性污泥在微滤膜、 超滤膜或大孔径支撑体表面形成的新膜。 动态膜的形成可以减緩微滤膜、 超滤膜面堵塞（Block )和膜污染（Fouling ), 或提高大孔支撑体的截留能力。 动态膜一般分为自生膜和预涂膜两种类型： 自生膜仅需要依靠分离的混合液中物质， 而预涂膜则需要向分离的水中投加 一种或多种专门组分物盾， 通过直接或预涂循环形成。
可以作为动态膜支撑体的材料和动态膜装置形式很多， 例如， 用有机材 料醋酸纤维素、 聚丙浠腈 （PAN )、 聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF )、 聚氯乙烯（PVC )、 烧结聚乙烯（PE )、 聚砜（PS )等， 以及无机材料烧结陶瓷、 烧结金属微粒滤 棒等制成的微滤膜或超滤膜， 以及大孔并经网 （如塑料网、 金属网等）或无 纺布材料， 均可以作为动态膜的支撑体。
一般， 由塑料、 陶瓷、 金属等烧结而成的支撑材料称为多孔材料， 不锈钢 网、 尼龙网、 聚乙烯网以及工业滤布、 无纺布等支撑材料称为大孔径网。 多 孔材料与大孔径网对动态膜起到支撑作用， 所以称为动态膜的支撑体。
在给水 /污水 /酿酒行业， 给水、 污水或酿酒中的往往存在大量的固体颗粒 杂质， 一般通过固液分离将固体颗粒杂质分离出来。 另外， 在污水 /给水处理 过程中， 需要向水中投加细小的固体颗粒物质， 如活性污泥、 粉末活性炭、 硅藻土等， 这些颗粒物质能吸附水中的有机物质或在表面生长细菌， 而起到 生化作用。 这些颗粒物质完成净化水质的作用之后， 又需要将其从水中分离 出来， 进行固液分离。 一般， 应用于固液分离的动态膜支撑体需要有以下特 点： 材料有一定强度， 在动态膜形成后不会塌陷； 动态膜在沖洗工程中容易 脱落； 支撑体经久耐用， 不会被腐蚀和机械损坏； 造价低。
多孔材料的孔径与水中的颗粒物质粒径基本相同， 所以这些颗粒间的缝 隙就是液体流入的通道。 这些通道很曲折， 虽然可以保证过滤的精度， 但是 容易被细小的颗粒物质堵塞； 并且这些缝隙也容易滋生细菌， 细菌表面的粘 稠物质也会阻塞缝隙。 有机物制成的滤膜、 超滤膜容易被颗粒物质损伤破坏， 影响过滤精度。 另外， 这些缝隙在多孔材料的内部， 不容易使用反沖洗、 沖 洗、 刷洗等方法解决缝隙阻塞的问题， 通量因此急剧下降， 重复使用效率不 高。 而大孔径网其孔径一般是颗粒物质的十几倍到几百倍。 水中的颗粒物质 在通过其表面的时候， 会产生架桥搭桥现象， 而被大孔径网截留， 不塌陷， 并逐步增厚， 形成滤饼层（滤膜）。 水流则通过形成滤饼层的颗粒物质间的缝 隙流过滤饼层， 并通过大孔径网， 颗粒物质被截留。 这一过程与多孔材料的 过滤过程艮相似， 过滤精度取决于颗粒物质粒径的大小。 当通量减少到一定 程度的时候， 就可以进行反冲洗、 沖洗和刷洗。 滤饼层很容易从大孔径网表 面脱落。 再经过预涂颗粒物质在大孔径网表面， 形成滤饼层， 又可以开始下 一次过滤过程。 滤饼层也即动态膜。 因此， 根据上述要求， 大孔径网更优于 多孔材料作为固液分离的动态膜支撑材料。
国家专利局申请号为 96229378.4的专利公开了一种饮用水过滤装置， 请 参阅图 1至图 2， 其分别为国家专利局申请号 96229378.4饮用水过滤装置及 其滤元的结构示意图。 该饮用水过滤装置包括顶盖 1 1、 上部为圆柱形、 下部 为圓锥形的壳体 12和安装在其内部的滤元 13构成。 顶盖 1 1与壳体 12用法 兰连接。 有孔隔板 14设置在顶盖 1 1与壳体 12之间， 滤元 13固定安装在有 孔隔板 14上， 滤元 13由圆环形顶板 15、 柱 16， 钢丝网 17、 底板 18、 钢环 19牢固连接而成， 滤元中柱 16呈六角形设置， 外面包裹钢丝网 17。 柱 16先 由铜环 19由内向外张紧， 从而钢丝网 17也被张紧呈六角形， 使钢丝网 17在 过滤压力下的变形受到限制， 然后再将柱 16分别与顶板 15和底板 18固定连 接。 装置在运转时现在滤元 13的钢丝网 17上预涂硅藻土浆液， 作为滤膜， 随后开始水过滤， 经过一段时间的滤水后， 反向沖洗滤元 13上的滤膜， 把滤 膜沖洗掉， 并把滤元也沖洗干净， 然后再开始新的预涂-过滤。 该饮用水过滤 装置采用大孔径的钢丝网作为动态膜的支撑体进行固液分离， 能够有效除去 水中对人体有害的物质。 但是， 该装置还存在以下缺陷：
其仅有一个进水口、 '出水口； 其即作为原水进口、 净水出口， 又作为反 冲洗水进口， 污水出口。 该结构不利于对装置进行反复冲洗， 且成膜物质不 能迅速地脱离支撑体， 工作能耗高。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足， 本发明提供了一种工作能耗低， 易进行反沖 洗， 成膜物质迅速完全脱离支撑体， 并能快速彻底被排出系统的外压式无循 环固液分离动态膜装置。
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置， 包括封头、 多孔板、 筒体、 动 态膜支撑体， 所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面； 所述封头、 多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序安装， 所述封头上设置有净水出水口， 所述筒体 底部设置有原水进水口， 所述封头上还设置若干反沖洗进水口； 所述筒体上 还设置若干反冲洗进水 /进气口、 所述筒体底部设置若干反冲洗出水口；
所述封头上设置的净水出水口、 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口同步配 套工作；
所述筒体上设置的反冲洗进水口、 封头上设置的反冲洗进水口与所述筒 体底部设置的反冲洗出水口为同步配套工作；
并且， 净水操作与反冲洗操作不同时工作。
较佳地， 所述封头上设置的净水出水口与反冲洗进水口以三连通的方式 连接。
较佳地， 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口与反沖洗出水口以三连通的方 式连接。 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统， 包括： 外压式无循环固液分离 动态膜装置、 水泵、 阀门、 预涂水箱、 高压气源和反冲洗装置；
所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置， 包括： 封头、 多孔板、 筒体、 动态膜支撑体， 所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面； 所述封 头、 多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序安装， 所述封头上设置有净水出水口， 所述 筒体底部设置有原水进水口， 其特征在于： 所述封头上还设置若干反沖洗进 水口； 所述筒体上还设置若干反沖洗进水 /进气口、 所述筒体底部设置若千反 冲洗出水口；
所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、 出水口均与阀门连 接；
所述筒体上设置的原水进水口通过阀门依次与水泵、 预涂水箱连接； 所 述封头上设置的反沖洗进水口通过阀门与反冲洗装置连接；
所述封头上设置的净水出水口、 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口同步配 套工作；
所述筒体上设置的反冲洗进水 /进气口、 封头上设置的反沖洗进水口与所 述筒体底部设置的反冲洗出水口为同步配套工作；
并且， 净水操作与反冲洗操作不同时工作。
较佳地， 所述筒体上设置的反沖洗进水 /进气口处于反冲洗进水口状态， 则其与水泵、 预涂水箱连接； 或其与反沖洗装置连接； 若反沖洗进水 /进气口 处于反冲洗进气口状态， 则其与高压气源连接。
较佳地， 所述封头上设置的净水出水口通过阀门与预涂水箱连接； 在净 水出水阶段， 净水出水口不与预涂水箱连接， 而是排到系统之外。
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的净水方法， 其包括三个阶段： 预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段、 动态膜反冲洗脱膜阶段；
所述预涂成膜阶段： 通过阀门关闭封头上的反冲洗进水口、 筒体上的反 沖洗进水口 /进气口与反冲洗出水口； 且封头上设置的净水出水口通过阀门与 预涂水箱连接； 首先往预涂水箱内投入成膜物质， 成膜物质分散在水中。 由 水泵将含成膜物质的水由设置于筒体底部的原水进水口注入， 成膜物质堆积 在动态膜支撑体的外表面， 而水则流入动态膜支撑体的内腔， 后经过封头上 的净水出水口再次流入预涂水箱； 通过多次重复上诉过程， 使成膜物质不断 地在动态膜支撑体表面堆积加厚， 最终， 成膜物质绝大部分堆积在动态膜支 撑体表面， 形成一层膜状物；
所述净水出水阶段： 待动态膜在动态膜支撑体外表面形成后， 通过预涂 水箱由水泵从预涂水箱抽出水从设置于筒体底部的原水进水口注入， 原水在 穿过动态膜的时候， 原水中的固体物质被动态膜截流下来， 被过滤过的水通 过封头上的净水出水口流出， 且此时通切换与封头上的净水出水口连接的阀 门， 由净水出水口流出的水不流入预涂水箱， 而是流出本系统， 作为处理之 后的水使用；
所述动态膜反沖洗脱膜阶段： 此时通过阀门切换， 关掉净水出水口、 原 水出水口； 此时， 原水由通过水泵从预涂水箱往设置在筒体上侧的反沖洗进 水口注入， 打开筒体底部的反冲洗出水口； 再打开封头上的反沖洗进水 /进气 口； 这样， 从反冲洗装置把高压反沖洗水从封头上的反沖洗进水口注入， 再 由多孔板上的孔进入动态膜支撑体内腔； 因为反沖洗水流流经动态膜支撑体 表面的方向正好与预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段， 原水流经动态膜支撑体表 面的方向相反， 所以附着在动态膜支撑体上的动态膜会被反沖洗水流从动态 膜支撑体表面沖落， 并被从筒体上的反冲洗进水 /进气口注入原水室的有压力 流速较快的水或气体冲散， 然后从污水出水口流出， 排放到系统以外； 成膜 物质以及被成膜物质截流的固体颗粒、 胶体、 细菌等都随着成膜物质一起排 放到系统之外。 反沖洗过程完成。
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下优点：
具有动态膜形成时间短， 工作能耗低， 易进行反冲洗， 成膜物质迅速完 全脱离支撑体， 并能快速彻底被排出系统的特点。
附图说明
图 1为国家专利局申请号 96229378.4饮用水过滤装置的结构示意图； 图 2为国家专利局申请号 96229378.4饮用水过滤装置的滤元的结构示意 图；
图 3为本发明一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的结构示意图； 图 4为一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的预涂成膜阶段对应的结 构示意图； 图 5 为一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的净水出水阶段对应的结 构示意图。
具体实施方式
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置， 包括： 封头 1、 多孔板 2、 动态 膜支撑体 4、 筒体 3; 且动态膜支撑体 4通过机械或化学的方法， 有序地固 定在多孔板 2的底面； 封头 1上设置有净水出水口 11， 反沖洗水进水口 12; 且净水出水口 11 与反冲洗水进水口 12通过三连通连接在封头顶部。 筒体 3 的底部设置有原水下进水口 32与污水出水口 31 , 且原水下进水口 32与污水 出水口 31通过三通连接在筒体 3的底部，筒体 3的上部设有原水上进水口 33; 封头 1、 多孔板 2和筒体 3由上往下顺序安装。 其中， 原水上进水口 33、 污 水出水口 31均用于反冲洗过程。
多孔板 2把本装置隔成两室： 封头 1 内腔与多孔板 2上壁包围形成净水 室 100; 筒体 3的内腔与多孔板 2的下壁包围形成原水室 200， 动态膜支撑体 4被包围在原水室 200内。 动态膜支撑体 4的内腔通过多孔板 2上的孔， 与净 水室 100互通。
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统包括： 上述外压式无循环固液分 离动态膜、 水泵、 阀门和预涂水箱、 反沖洗装置等。
其中， 上述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、 出水口均与 阀门连接；
原水下进水口 32通过阀门依次与水泵、预涂水箱连接； 反冲洗进水口 12 通过阀门与反冲洗装置连接；
原水上进水口 33通过阀门依次与水泵、 预涂水箱连接。 净水出水口 11通过阀门与预涂水箱连接。
净水出水口 11、 原水下进水口 32同步配套工作；
反冲洗进水口 12、 原水上进水口 33与污水出水口 31同步配套工作； 并且， 净水操作与反冲洗操作不同时工作。
该系统的净水方法包括三个阶段： 预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段和动态 膜反沖洗脱膜阶段这三个阶段。
如图 4， 预涂成膜阶段为： 通过阀门 5关闭反沖洗进水口 12、 原水上进 水口 33与污水出水口 31 ; 且净水出水口 11通过阀门 5与预涂水箱 7连接； 首先往预涂水箱 7内投入成膜物质， 成膜物质分散在水中。 由水泵 6将含成 膜物质的水由原水下进水口 32注入到原水室 200, 成膜物质堆积在动态膜支 撑体 4的外表面， 而水则流入动态膜支撑体 4的内腔， 进而流入净水室 100， 再通过净水出水口 11 流出净水室 100， 流回到预涂水箱 7。 如此过程， 成膜 物质不断地在动态膜支撑体 4表面堆积加厚， 即所谓的架桥搭桥现象。 最终， 成膜物质绝大部分堆积在动态膜支撑体 4表面， 形成一层膜状物， 我们称之 为动态膜。 随着水流通过这层动态膜， 流经动态膜支撑体 4 的表面， 流入动 态膜支撑体 4的内腔， 再进入净水室 100, 动态膜被压紧， 并逐步稳定， 成膜 物质不会从动态膜上掉下， 动态膜就此形成， 进入下一阶段。
如图 5， 净水出水阶段： 原水不断地补充， 流入预涂水箱， 由水泵将原水 由原水下进水口 32注入原水室 200， 再穿过动态膜， 进入动态膜支撑体 4内 腔， 再进入净水室 100, 由净水出水口 11流出， 通过切换阀门， 由净水室 100 流出的水不流入预涂水箱， 而是流出本系统， 作为处理之后的水使用。 原水 在穿过动态膜的时候， 原水中的固体物质被动态膜截流下来， 这就是固液分 离的过程。 成膜物质一般为颗粒状， 颗粒之间有缝隙， 有些颗粒表面还会有 微孔， 并且孔与孔之间相互连通， 这些缝隙与微孔能让水通过， 水中的固体 物质被截流。 缝隙与微孔的大小决定了固液分离的精度， 缝隙、 孔径越大， 分离精度越低。
再参见图 4或图 5， 动态膜反冲洗脱膜阶段： 随着时间的增加， 动态膜 分离出水中的固体物质越来越多， 固体物质会堵塞缝隙与微孔， 增加水流的 阻力， 降低水通过动态膜的流速， 净水出水量减少， 能耗上升。 这时， 可以 进入反沖洗阶段： 此时通过阀门切换， 关掉净水出水口 11、原水下进水口 32; 此时， 原水从预涂水箱 7通过水泵 6往原水上进水口 33注入原水室 200; 打 开筒体底部的污水出水口 31 , 再打开反冲洗进水口 12; 这样， 从反沖洗装置 8把高压反沖洗水从封头上的反冲洗进水口注入， 这样， 高压反沖洗水就进入 净水室 100, 再由多孔板上的孔进入动态膜支撑体 4 内腔， 然后流入原水室 200。 因为反冲洗水流流经动态膜支撑体 4表面的方向正好与预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段， 原水流经动态膜支撑体 4表面的方向相反， 所以附着在动态 膜支撑体 4上的动态膜会被反沖洗水流从动态膜支撑体 4表面冲落， 并被从 原水上进水口 33进入原水室的有压力、 流速的原水沖散， 然后从污水出水口 流出， 排放到系统以外。 成膜物质以及被成膜物质截流的固体颗粒、 胶体、 细菌等都随着成膜物质一起排放到系统之外。 反沖洗过程完成。
上述三个阶段完成后， 再打开原水下进水口 32， 打开净水出水口 11， 关 闭反冲洗水进水口 12， 关闭污水出水口 31， 关闭原水上进水口 33， 原水就由 原水下进水口 32进入原水室 200， 通过动态膜支撑体 4， 流入净水室 100, 再 由净水出水口 11流出道预涂水箱。 往预涂水箱添加成膜物质， 在动态膜支撑 体 4外表面被截留， 形成动态膜， 这就是预涂成膜阶段。 然后是净水出水阶 段， 再是动态膜反冲洗脱膜阶段， 如此循环。
需要说明的是， 在本实施例中， 在反冲洗的时候， 原水上进水口 31通过 阀门 5、 水泵 6与预涂水箱 7连接， 且通过水泵 6从预涂水箱 7抽取有压力流 速的水进入原水上进水口 31， 仅为举例， 本发明不对此作出限定。 在具体实 施时， 原水上进水口 31也可以与反冲洗装置连接， 由反冲洗装置由原水上进 水口 31注入高压反沖洗水； 或者原水上进水口 31与高压气源连接， 高压气 源可以从原水上进水口这里注入有压力流速较快的气体； 即在反沖洗的时候， 通过原水上进水口 31注入有压力、 流速的水或气体进入到原水室 200， 对原 水室 200 的水起到扰动作用， 从而打碎成膜固体物质， 有利于成膜物质排出 系统。
在实施例中， 净水出水口 11 与反冲洗水入口 12通过三连通连接在封头 的顶部， 仅为举例， 具体实施时， 净水出水口、 反沖洗水入口可以分别连接 在封头上， 且二者的数量可以是一个也可以是多个， 且二者可以设置在封头 1 的任意位置， 本发明不对此作出限定。
在实施例中， 原水下进水口 32与污水出水口 31通过三通连接在筒体底 部， 仅为举例， 具体实施的时候， 二者可以分别连接在筒体底部， 且二者的 数量可以是一个也可以是多个， 本发明不对此作出限定。
在实施例中， 原水下进水口 32只有一个， 仅为举例， 在具体实施时， 其 也可以布置多个原水进水口， 同时工作。
在本实施例中， 原水上进水口 31位于筒体 3的上侧， 仅为举例， 具体实 施时， 其可以设置在筒体的任意位置， 本发明不对此作出限定。
本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。 优选实施例并没有详尽叙 述所有的细节， 也不限制该发明仅为所述的具体实施方式。 显然， 根据本说 明书的内容， 可作很多的修改和变化。 本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例， 是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用， 从而使所属技术领域技术人员 能很好地利用本发明。 本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。

Claims

WO 2012/079276 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2011/001285
1、 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置， 包括封头、 多孔板、 筒体、 动态膜支撑体， 所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面； 所述封 头、 多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序安装， 所述封头上设置有净水出水口， 所述 筒体底部设置有原水进水口， 其特征在于： 所述封头上还设置若干反沖洗进 水口； 所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水 /进气口、 所述筒体底部设置若干反 冲洗出水口；
所述封头上设置的净水出水口、 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口同步配 套工作；
所述筒体上设置的反冲洗进水口、 封头上设置的反沖洗进水口与所述筒 体底部设置的反冲洗出水口为同步配套工作；
并且， 净水操作与反冲洗操作不同时工作。
2、如权利要求 1所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，其特征在于， 所述封头上设置的净水出水口与反冲洗进水口以三连通的方式连接。
3、如权利要求 1所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，其特征在于， 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口与反冲洗出水口以三连通的方式连接。
4、 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统， 其特征在于， 包括： 外压式 无循环固液分离动态膜装置、 水泵、 阀门、 预涂水箱、 高压气源和反冲洗装 置；
所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置， 包括： 封头、 多孔板、 筒体、 动态膜支撑体， 所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面； 所述封 头、 多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序安装， 所述封头上设置有净水出水口， 所述 筒体底部设置有原水进水口， 其特征在于： 所述封头上还设置若干反冲洗进 水口； 所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水 /进气口、 所述筒体底部设置若干反 冲洗出水口；
所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、 出水口均与阀门连 接；
所述筒体上设置的原水进水口通过阀门依次与水泵、 预涂水箱连接； 所 述封头上设置的反沖洗进水口通过阀门与反沖洗装置连接；
所述封头上设置的净水出水口、 所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口同步配 套工作；
所述筒体上设置的反冲洗进水 /进气口、 封头上设置的反沖洗进水口与所 述筒体底部设置的反冲洗出水口为同步配套工作；
并且， 净水操作与反沖洗操作不同时工作。
5、如权利要求 4所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统，其特征在于， 所述筒体上设置的反沖洗进水 /进气口处于反沖洗进水口状态， 则其与水泵、 预涂水箱连接； 或其与反冲洗装置连接； 若反冲洗进水 /进气口处于反沖洗进 气口状态， 则其与高压气源连接。
6、如权利要求 4所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统，其特征在于， 所述封头上设置的净水出水口通过阀门与预涂水箱连接； 在净水出水阶段， 净水出水口不与预涂水箱连接， 而是排到系统之外。
7、 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的净水方法， 其特征在于： 其 包括三个阶段： 预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段、 动态膜反沖洗脱膜阶段； 所述预涂成膜阶段： 通过阀门关闭封头上的反沖洗进水口、 筒体上的反 冲洗进水口 /进气口与反沖洗出水口； 且封头上设置的净水出水口通过阀门与 预涂水箱连接； 首先往预涂水箱内投入成膜物质， 成膜物质分散在水中。 由 水泵将含成膜物质的水由设置于筒体底部的原水进水口注入， 成膜物质堆积 在动态膜支撑体的外表面， 而水则流入动态膜支撑体的内腔， 后经过封头上 的净水出水口再次流入预涂水箱； 通过多次重复上诉过程， 使成膜物质不断 地在动态膜支撑体表面堆积加厚， 最终， 成膜物质绝大部分堆积在动态膜支 撑体表面， 形成一层膜状物；
所述净水出水阶段： 待动态膜在动态膜支撑体外表面形成后， 通过预涂 水箱由水泵从预涂水箱抽出水从设置于筒体底部的原水进水口注入， 原水在 穿过动态膜的时候， 原水中的固体物质被动态膜截流下来， 被过滤过的水通 过封头上的净水出水口流出， 且此时通切换与封头上的净水出水口连接的阀 门， 由净水出水口流出的水不流入预涂水箱， 而是流出本系统， 作为处理之 后的水使用；
所述动态膜反沖洗脱膜阶段： 此时通过阀门切换， 关掉净水出水口、 原 水出水口； 此时， 原水由通过水泵从预涂水箱往设置在筒体上侧的反沖洗进 水口注入， 打开筒体底部的反冲洗出水口； 再打开封头上的反沖洗进水 /进气 口； 这样， 从反冲洗装置把高压反沖洗水从封头上的反沖洗进水口注入， 再 由多孔板上的孔进入动态膜支撑体内腔； 因为反冲洗水流流经动态膜支撑体 表面的方向正好与预涂成膜阶段、 净水出水阶段， 原水流经动态膜支撑体表 面的方向相反， 所以附着在动态膜支撑体上的动态膜会被反沖洗水流从动态 膜支撑体表面冲落， 并被从筒体上的反冲洗进水 /进气口注入原水室的有压力 流速较快的水或气体冲散， 然后从污水出水口流出， 排放到系统以外； 成膜 物质以及被成膜物质截流的固体颗粒、 胶体、 细菌等都随着成膜物质一起排 放到系统之外。 反冲洗过程完成。
PCT/CN2011/001285 2010-12-14 2011-08-04 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 WO2012079276A1 (zh)

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