CN201906564U - 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 - Google Patents
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN201906564U CN201906564U CN2010206618151U CN201020661815U CN201906564U CN 201906564 U CN201906564 U CN 201906564U CN 2010206618151 U CN2010206618151 U CN 2010206618151U CN 201020661815 U CN201020661815 U CN 201020661815U CN 201906564 U CN201906564 U CN 201906564U
- Authority
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- Prior art keywords
- dynamic membrane
- water
- water inlet
- cylindrical shell
- backwash
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 4
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012970 cakes Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括封头、多孔板、筒体、动态膜支撑体，所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面；所述封头、多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序安装，其特征在于：所述封头上设置若干用于反冲洗的进水口；所述筒体上设置若干用于反冲洗的进水/进气口；所述筒体底部设置若干用于反冲洗的出水口。所述封头上还设置有若干用于净水出去的出水口；所述筒体底部设置有若干用于原水进入的进水口。与现有技术相比，具有动态膜形成时间短，工作能耗低，易进行反冲洗，成膜物质迅速完全脱离支撑体，并能快速彻底被排出系统的特点。
Description
一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置
技术领域
[0001] 本实用新型属于给水/污水处理领域，尤其涉及一种外压式无循环固液分离动态
膜装置。
背景技术
[0002] 进入21世纪，水处理膜分离技术应用越来越广泛。动态膜分离技术，由于其相对 投资成本低，膜污染容易控制，能耗低等优点，成为当前膜研究热点。
[0003] 动态膜（Dynamic membrane)又可以称为次生膜（second membrane)，是指通过预 涂剂或活性污泥在微滤膜、超滤膜或大孔径支撑体表面形成的新膜。动态膜的形成可以减 缓微滤膜、超滤膜面堵塞（Block)和膜污染（Fouling)，或提高大孔支撑体的截留能力。动 态膜一般分为自生膜和预涂膜两种类型：自生膜仅需要依靠分离的混合液中物质，而预涂 膜则需要向分离的水中投加一种或多种专门组分物质，通过直接或预涂循环形成。
[0004] 可以作为动态膜支撑体的材料和动态膜装置形式很多，例如，用有机材料醋酸纤 维素、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚氯乙烯（PVC)、烧结聚乙烯（PE)、聚砜(PS) 等，以及无机材料烧结陶瓷、烧结金属微粒滤棒等制成的微滤膜或超滤膜，以及大孔并经网 (如塑料网、金属网等）或无纺布材料，均可以作为动态膜的支撑体。
[0005] 一般，由塑料、陶瓷、金属等烧结而成的支撑材料称为多孔材料，不锈钢网、尼龙 网、聚乙烯网以及工业滤布、无纺布等支撑材料称为大孔径网。多孔材料与大孔径网对动态 膜起到支撑作用，所以称为动态膜的支撑体。
[0006] 在给水/污水/酿酒行业，给水、污水或酿酒中的往往存在大量的固体颗粒杂质， 一般通过固液分离将固体颗粒杂质分离出来。另外，在污水/给水处理过程中，需要向水中 投加细小的固体颗粒物质，如活性污泥、粉末活性炭、硅藻土等，这些颗粒物质能吸附水中 的有机物质或在表面生长细菌，而起到生化作用。这些颗粒物质完成净化水质的作用之后， 又需要将其从水中分离出来，进行固液分离。一般，应用于固液分离的动态膜支撑体需要有 以下特点：材料有一定强度，在动态膜形成后不会塌陷；动态膜在冲洗工程中容易脱落；支 撑体经久耐用，不会被腐蚀和机械损坏；造价低。
[0007] 多孔材料的孔径与水中的颗粒物质粒径基本相同，所以这些颗粒间的缝隙就是液 体流入的通道。这些通道很曲折，虽然可以保证过滤的精度，但是容易被细小的颗粒物质堵 塞；并且这些缝隙也容易滋生细菌，细菌表面的粘稠物质也会阻塞缝隙。有机物制成的滤 膜、超滤膜容易被颗粒物质损伤破坏，影响过滤精度。另外，这些缝隙在多孔材料的内部， 不容易使用反冲洗、冲洗、刷洗等方法解决缝隙阻塞的问题，通量因此急剧下降，重复使用 效率不高。而大孔径网其孔径一般是颗粒物质的十几倍到几百倍。水中的颗粒物质在通过 其表面的时候，会产生架桥搭桥现象，而被大孔径网截留，不塌陷，并逐步增厚，形成滤饼层 (滤膜）。水流则通过形成滤饼层的颗粒物质间的缝隙流过滤饼层，并通过大孔径网，颗粒 物质被截留。这一过程与多孔材料的过滤过程很相似，过滤精度取决于颗粒物质粒径的大 小。当通量减少到一定程度的时候，就可以进行反冲洗、冲洗和刷洗。滤饼层很容易从大孔径网表面脱落。再经过预涂颗粒物质在大孔径网表面，形成滤饼层，又可以开始下一次过滤 过程。滤饼层也即动态膜。因此，根据上述要求，大孔径网更优于多孔材料作为固液分离的 动态膜支撑材料。
[0008] 国家专利局申请号为962^378. 4的专利公开了一种饮用水过滤装置，请参阅图1 至图2，其分别为国家专利局申请号96229378. 4饮用水过滤装置及其滤元的结构示意图。 该饮用水过滤装置包括顶盖11、上部为圆柱形、下部为圆锥形的壳体12和安装在其内部的 滤元13构成。顶盖11与壳体12用法兰连接。有孔隔板14设置在顶盖11与壳体12之间， 滤元13固定安装在有孔隔板14上，滤元13由圆环形顶板15、柱16，钢丝网17、底板18、 钢环19牢固连接而成，滤元中柱16呈六角形设置，外面包裹钢丝网17。柱16先由铜环19 由内向外张紧，从而钢丝网17也被张紧呈六角形，使钢丝网17在过滤压力下的变形受到限 制，然后再将柱16分别与顶板15和底板18固定连接。装置在运转时现在滤元13的钢丝 网17上预涂硅藻土浆液，作为滤膜，随后开始水过滤，经过一段时间的滤水后，反向冲洗滤 元13上的滤膜，把滤膜冲洗掉，并把滤元也冲洗干净，然后再开始新的预涂-过滤。该饮用 水过滤装置采用大孔径的钢丝网作为动态膜的支撑体进行固液分离，能够有效除去水中对 人体有害的物质。但是，该装置还存在以下缺陷：
[0009] 其仅有一个进水口、出水口 ；其即作为原水进口、净水出口，又作为反冲洗水进口， 污水出口。该结构不利于对装置进行反复冲洗，且成膜物质不能迅速地脱离支撑体，工作能耗高。
实用新型内容
[0010] 为了克服现有技术的不足，本实用新型提供了一种工作能耗低，易进行反冲洗，成 膜物质迅速完全脱离支撑体，并能快速彻底被排出系统的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置。
[0011] 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括封头、多孔板、筒体、动态膜支撑体， 所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面；所述封头、多孔板和筒体由上往下顺 序安装，所述封头上设置有净水出水口，所述筒体底部设置有原水进水口，其特征在于：所 述封头上还设置若干反冲洗进水口 ；所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水/进气口、所述筒 体底部设置若干反冲洗出水口。
[0012] 较佳地，所述封头上设置的净水出水口与反冲洗进水口以三连通的方式连接。
[0013] 较佳地，所述筒体底部设置的原水进水口与反冲洗出水口以三连通的方式连接。
[0014] 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统，包括：外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装 置、水泵、阀门、预涂水箱、高压气源和反冲洗装置；
[0015] 所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括：封头、多孔板、筒体、动态膜支撑 体，所述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面；所述封头、多孔板和筒体由上往下 顺序安装，所述封头上设置有净水出水口，所述筒体底部设置有原水进水口，其特征在于： 所述封头上还设置若干反冲洗进水口 ；所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水/进气口、所述 筒体底部设置若干反冲洗出水口；
[0016] 所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、出水口均与阀门连接；
[0017] 所述筒体上设置的原水进水口通过阀门依次与水泵、预涂水箱连接；所述封头上设置的反冲洗进水口通过阀门与反冲洗装置连接。
[0018] 较佳地，所述筒体上设置的反冲洗进水/进气口处于反冲洗进水口状态，则其与 水泵、预涂水箱连接；或其与反冲洗装置连接；若反冲洗进水/进气口处于反冲洗进气口状 态，则其与高压气源连接。
[0019] 与现有技术相比，本实用新型具有以下优点：
[0020] 具有动态膜形成时间短，工作能耗低，易进行反冲洗，成膜物质迅速完全脱离支撑 体，并能快速彻底被排出系统的特点。
附图说明
[0021] 图1为国家专利局申请号962^378. 4饮用水过滤装置的结构示意图；
[0022] 图2为国家专利局申请号962^378. 4饮用水过滤装置的滤元的结构示意图；
[0023] 图3为本实用新型一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的结构示意图；
[0024] 图4为一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的预涂成膜阶段对应的结构示意 图；
[0025] 图5为一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统的净水出水阶段对应的结构示意 图。
具体实施方式
[0026] 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括：封头1、多孔板2、动态膜支撑体4、 筒体3 ；且动态膜支撑体4通过机械或化学的方法，有序地固定在多孔板2的底面；封头1 上设置有净水出水口 11，反冲洗水进水口 12 ；且净水出水口 11与反冲洗水进水口 12通过 三连通连接在封头顶部。筒体3的底部设置有原水下进水口 32与污水出水口 31，且原水下 进水口 32与污水出水口 31通过三通连接在筒体3的底部，筒体3的上部设有原水上进水 口 33 ；封头1、多孔板2和筒体3由上往下顺序安装。其中，原水上进水口 33、污水出水口 31均用于反冲洗过程。
[0027] 多孔板2把本装置隔成两室：封头1内腔与多孔板2上壁包围形成净水室100 ；筒 体3的内腔与多孔板2的下壁包围形成原水室200，动态膜支撑体4被包围在原水室200 内。动态膜支撑体4的内腔通过多孔板2上的孔，与净水室100互通。
[0028] 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统包括：上述外压式无循环固液分离动态 膜、水泵、阀门和预涂水箱、反冲洗装置等。
[0029] 其中，上述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、出水口均与阀门连 接；
[0030] 原水下进水口 32通过阀门依次与水泵、预涂水箱连接；反冲洗进水口 12通过阀门 与反冲洗装置连接；
[0031] 原水上进水口 33通过阀门依次与水泵、预涂水箱连接。
[0032] 净水出水口 11通过阀门与预涂水箱连接。
[0033] 净水出水口 11、原水下进水口 32同步配套工作；
[0034] 反冲洗进水口 12、原水上进水口 33与污水出水口 31同步配套工作；
[0035] 并且，净水操作与反冲洗操作不同时工作。[0036] 该系统的净水方法包括三个阶段：预涂成膜阶段、净水出水阶段和动态膜反冲洗 脱膜阶段这三个阶段。
[0037] 如图4，预涂成膜阶段为：通过阀门5关闭反冲洗进水口 12、原水上进水口 33与污 水出水口 31 ；且净水出水口 11通过阀门5与预涂水箱7连接；首先往预涂水箱7内投入成 膜物质，成膜物质分散在水中。由水泵6将含成膜物质的水由原水下进水口 32注入到原水 室200，成膜物质堆积在动态膜支撑体4的外表面，而水则流入动态膜支撑体4的内腔，进而 流入净水室100，再通过净水出水口 11流出净水室100，流回到预涂水箱7。如此过程，成膜 物质不断地在动态膜支撑体4表面堆积加厚，即所谓的架桥搭桥现象。最终，成膜物质绝大 部分堆积在动态膜支撑体4表面，形成一层膜状物，我们称之为动态膜。随着水流通过这层 动态膜，流经动态膜支撑体4的表面，流入动态膜支撑体4的内腔，再进入净水室100，动态 膜被压紧，并逐步稳定，成膜物质不会从动态膜上掉下，动态膜就此形成，进入下一阶段。
[0038] 如图5，净水出水阶段：原水不断地补充，流入预涂水箱，由水泵将原水由原水下 进水口 32注入原水室200，再穿过动态膜，进入动态膜支撑体4内腔，再进入净水室100，由 净水出水口 11流出，通过切换阀门，由净水室100流出的水不流入预涂水箱，而是流出本系 统，作为处理之后的水使用。原水在穿过动态膜的时候，原水中的固体物质被动态膜截流下 来，这就是固液分离的过程。成膜物质一般为颗粒状，颗粒之间有缝隙，有些颗粒表面还会 有微孔，并且孔与孔之间相互连通，这些缝隙与微孔能让水通过，水中的固体物质被截流。 缝隙与微孔的大小决定了固液分离的精度，缝隙、孔径越大，分离精度越低。
[0039] 再参见图4或图5，动态膜反冲洗脱膜阶段：随着时间的增加，动态膜分离出水中 的固体物质越来越多，固体物质会堵塞缝隙与微孔，增加水流的阻力，降低水通过动态膜的 流速，净水出水量减少，能耗上升。这时，可以进入反冲洗阶段：此时通过阀门切换，关掉净 水出水口 11、原水下进水口 32 ；此时，原水从预涂水箱7通过水泵6往原水上进水口 33注入 原水室200 ；打开筒体底部的污水出水口 31，再打开反冲洗进水口 12 ；这样，从反冲洗装置 8把高压反冲洗水从封头上的反冲洗进水口注入，这样，高压反冲洗水就进入净水室100， 再由多孔板上的孔进入动态膜支撑体4内腔，然后流入原水室200。因为反冲洗水流流经 动态膜支撑体4表面的方向正好与预涂成膜阶段、净水出水阶段，原水流经动态膜支撑体4 表面的方向相反，所以附着在动态膜支撑体4上的动态膜会被反冲洗水流从动态膜支撑体 4表面冲落，并被从原水上进水口 33进入原水室的有压力、流速的原水冲散，然后从污水出 水口流出，排放到系统以外。成膜物质以及被成膜物质截流的固体颗粒、胶体、细菌等都随 着成膜物质一起排放到系统之外。反冲洗过程完成。
[0040] 上述三个阶段完成后，再打开原水下进水口 32，打开净水出水口 11，关闭反冲洗 水进水口 12，关闭污水出水口 31，关闭原水上进水口 33，原水就由原水下进水口 32进入原 水室200，通过动态膜支撑体4，流入净水室100，再由净水出水口 11流出道预涂水箱。往 预涂水箱添加成膜物质，在动态膜支撑体4外表面被截留，形成动态膜，这就是预涂成膜阶 段。然后是净水出水阶段，再是动态膜反冲洗脱膜阶段，如此循环。
[0041] 需要说明的是，在本实施例中，在反冲洗的时候，原水上进水口 31通过阀门5、水 泵6与预涂水箱7连接，且通过水泵6从预涂水箱7抽取有压力流速的水进入原水上进水 口 31，仅为举例，本实用新型不对此作出限定。在具体实施时，原水上进水口 31也可以与 反冲洗装置连接，由反冲洗装置由原水上进水口 31注入高压反冲洗水；或者原水上进水口
631与高压气源连接，高压气源可以从原水上进水口这里注入有压力流速较快的气体；即在 反冲洗的时候，通过原水上进水口 31注入有压力、流速的水或气体进入到原水室200，对原 水室200的水起到扰动作用，从而打碎成膜固体物质，有利于成膜物质排出系统。
[0042] 在实施例中，净水出水口 11与反冲洗水入口 12通过三连通连接在封头的顶部，仅 为举例，具体实施时，净水出水口、反冲洗水入口可以分别连接在封头上，且二者的数量可 以是一个也可以是多个，且二者可以设置在封头1的任意位置，本实用新型不对此作出限 定。
[0043] 在实施例中，原水下进水口 32与污水出水口 31通过三通连接在筒体底部，仅为举 例，具体实施的时候，二者可以分别连接在筒体底部，且二者的数量可以是一个也可以是多 个，本实用新型不对此作出限定。
[0044] 在实施例中，原水下进水口 32只有一个，仅为举例，在具体实施时，其也可以布置 多个原水进水口，同时工作。
[0045] 在本实施例中，原水上进水口 31位于筒体3的上侧，仅为举例，具体实施时，其可 以设置在筒体的任意位置，本实用新型不对此作出限定。
[0046] 本实用新型优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本实用新型。优选实施例并没有详尽叙 述所有的细节，也不限制该实用新型仅为所述的具体实施方式。显然，根据本说明书的内 容，可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例，是为了更好地解释本实 用新型的原理和实际应用，从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地利用本实用新型。本实 用新型仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (5)
1. 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括封头、多孔板、筒体、动态膜支撑体，所 述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面；所述封头、多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序 安装，所述封头上设置有净水出水口，所述筒体底部设置有原水进水口，其特征在于：所述 封头上还设置若干反冲洗进水口 ；所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水/进气口、所述筒体 底部设置若干反冲洗出水口。
2.如权利要求1所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，其特征在于，所述封头上 设置的净水出水口与反冲洗进水口以三连通的方式连接。
3.如权利要求1所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，其特征在于，所述筒体底 部设置的原水进水口与反冲洗出水口以三连通的方式连接。
4. 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统，其特征在于，包括：外压式无循环固液分 离动态膜装置、水泵、阀门、预涂水箱、高压气源和反冲洗装置；所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置，包括：封头、多孔板、筒体、动态膜支撑体，所 述动态膜支撑体有序地固定在所述多孔板的底面；所述封头、多孔板和筒体由上往下顺序 安装，所述封头上设置有净水出水口，所述筒体底部设置有原水进水口，其特征在于：所述 封头上还设置若干反冲洗进水口 ；所述筒体上还设置若干反冲洗进水/进气口、所述筒体 底部设置若干反冲洗出水口；所述外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置的各进水口、出水口均与阀门连接；所述筒体上设置的原水进水口通过阀门依次与水泵、预涂水箱连接；所述封头上设置 的反冲洗进水口通过阀门与反冲洗装置连接。
5.如权利要求4所述的外压式无循环固液分离动态膜系统，其特征在于，所述筒体上 设置的反冲洗进水/进气口处于反冲洗进水口状态，则其与水泵、预涂水箱连接；或其与反 冲洗装置连接；若反冲洗进水/进气口处于反冲洗进气口状态，则其与高压气源连接。
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| CN102000512A (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-04-06 | 曹达文 | 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 |
| WO2012079276A1 (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-21 | Luo Wenfeng | 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 |
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| CN102000512A (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2011-04-06 | 曹达文 | 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 |
| WO2012079276A1 (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-06-21 | Luo Wenfeng | 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 |
| CN102000512B (zh) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-11-06 | 上海鑫霖环境科技有限公司 | 一种外压式无循环固液分离动态膜装置 |
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