WO2012072007A1 - 多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统 - Google Patents

多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012072007A1
WO2012072007A1 PCT/CN2011/082964 CN2011082964W WO2012072007A1 WO 2012072007 A1 WO2012072007 A1 WO 2012072007A1 CN 2011082964 W CN2011082964 W CN 2011082964W WO 2012072007 A1 WO2012072007 A1 WO 2012072007A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shaft
wind
blade
frame
layer
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/082964
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李树广
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哈尔滨大功率立式风电装备工程技术研究中心
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Publication of WO2012072007A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012072007A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D3/066—Rotors characterised by their construction elements the wind engaging parts being movable relative to the rotor
    • F03D3/067—Cyclic movements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/02—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
    • F16D1/033—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
    • F16D3/50—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive with the coupling parts connected by one or more intermediate members
    • F16D3/54—Couplings comprising a chain or strip surrounding two wheels arranged side by side and provided with teeth or the equivalent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/14—Casings, housings, nacelles, gondels or the like, protecting or supporting assemblies there within
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/40—Use of a multiplicity of similar components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/402—Transmission of power through friction drives
    • F05B2260/4022—Transmission of power through friction drives through endless chains
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a multi-layer superimposed combined wind power generation system in the field of wind power generation technology. Specifically, it relates to a novel superimposed combined vertical wind power generation system with a multi-layer wind power machine.
  • the generator sets and speed increasers of the traditional three-blade wind turbines are installed at the top of the tower at a height of 70 meters to 120 meters.
  • the long and heavy blades are slanted to the side and require a heavy weight.
  • the blades, speed increasers, generator sets, counterweights and heavy machinery bins have a weight of several hundred tons, which is supported by the tower at high altitude, the wind blows will generate a huge tipping moment, the blades It is difficult to resist the blown wind and the damage of ice damage.
  • the existing three-blade wind turbine has a large wind resistance on the front airfoil, a small airfoil area of the airfoil, a low wind utilization rate, and is difficult to transport and assemble and maintain.
  • the wind turbine of the wind turbine of the patent application No. 200410023530.4 adopts the NACA0009 airfoil, which has a small wind receiving area, low wind utilization rate, and a front airfoil wind resistance surface in the rotary motion. There is a reversing dead angle, which makes it difficult to increase the capacity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a stacked vertical wind power generation system with multi-layer wind power machine, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient transportation, assembly and maintenance, stable structure, stable running performance, high wind utilization rate, small floor space and resistance. It has strong storm capability, stable running performance, excellent power generation quality and grid-connected performance, and can form a wind power generation system with a capacity of less than 10 MW, suitable for use in various weather and geographical environments.
  • the present invention has a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power generation system, comprising: a multi-stage combined shaft, a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power system, and a multi-layer superimposed combined frame; :
  • the wind power system of each layer of the multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power system is a box frame structure, which comprises a fan blade system, a wind collecting and protection system, a two-speed speed increasing device, and a multi-winding variable pole generator.
  • a system an upper roof and a lower shelf are respectively disposed at an upper portion and a lower portion of the box frame, and the wind collecting and protecting system is disposed around the box frame, wherein the upper roof and the lower deck are surrounded by the frame
  • the wind collecting plate in the wind collecting and protection system forms a wind tunnel type box collecting system to reduce wind leakage and achieve excellent wind collecting effect;
  • the layers in the multi-layer wind power system are separately configured to operate as independent wind power systems, or the layers are fixed together by the respective corner columns, and the shaft blades of the respective layers are connected by a decomposable combined coupling.
  • each layer of blades produces a synchronous rotational torque
  • the lowermost blade of the multi-layer wind power system has a lower shaft end through a decomposable combined coupling and a two-speed increaser and multiple windings.
  • the pole generator systems are connected together to drive the generator system to generate electricity;
  • the decomposable combined coupling comprises an upper sprocket and a lower sprocket, each sprocket is further divided into left and right halves by a center line, and upper and lower parts of the sprocket are respectively provided with fixing sleeves, and the upper sprocket and
  • the lower sprocket is fixed and driven by an outer chain, and the chain comprises a chain shaft, an upper chain piece and a lower chain piece;
  • the upper part of the coupling is connected by a key, an upper sprocket and a shaft of the fan blade shaft, and is sleeved on the blade
  • the upper end of the shaft of the crankshaft is fixed by a key and the outside is fixed by a fixing ring; likewise, the lower sprocket is connected with the lower shaft of the fan blade shaft, and is sleeved on the lower end of the shaft of the fan blade, fixed by the key, and fixed by the outside.
  • the upper sprocket and the lower sprocket are connected and fixed by a connecting chain, and the connecting chain is composed of a chain shaft, an upper chain piece and a lower chain piece; the upper sprocket and the lower sprocket and the connecting chain are subjected to transmission and transmission.
  • the two-speed speed increaser adopts a vertical eccentric double planetary gear structure
  • the multi-winding variable pole generator system adopts a vertical multi-winding variable-pole asynchronous generator
  • the two-speed speed increaser and the multi-winding variable pole generator The system is installed on the ground;
  • the multi-stage combined type shaft wherein the shaft bearing adopts a left and right two-part decomposable combined bearing seat;
  • the multi-layer superimposed modular frame the outer corners of each layer of the frame are fixed by a steel cable or a steel pipe or a round steel cable to the ground heavy-duty fixed pier;
  • the upper load-bearing beam of the upper layer is combined with the non-load-bearing upper beam of the lower layer, and a diagonal puller is arranged between the upper cross beam and the lower load-bearing beam, and the diagonal pull-type load-bearing beam is formed by the combination of the diagonal pull members.
  • the structure is such that each load-bearing beam is not deformed or deformed to a minimum, and the bearing capacity is maximum, whereby the upper frame and the lower frame are integrally connected.
  • the key of the multi-layer superimposed vertical wind power generation system of the invention lies in the combination and fixation of the connection between the layers, the weight bearing decomposition and bearing of each layer, the anti-deformation structure of the main shaft support beam, and the special support of the large spindle bearing for assembly and replacement.
  • the anti-deformation and reverse torque of the multi-layer composite frame and the solid system of the multi-layer composite frame increase the overall anti-deformation capability and strong storm capability, laying a solid foundation for the overall expansion to the super-capacity level.
  • the invention decomposes a tall wind power generation system into a multi-layer composite structure, which is convenient for manufacturing, transportation, installation, assembly and maintenance.
  • the wind collecting and protection system comprises a controllable wind collecting plate and a fixed wind collecting plate mounted on the vertical column, and the controllable wind collecting plate controls the angle of each wind collecting plate by hydraulic or motor system driving control to control the wind power machine. According to the air volume, the speed of the generator is adjusted, and the wind-hour collecting plate is opened to play the wind collecting function; if the wind speed is too large or a storm, the wind turbine system is protected by closing the wind collecting plate.
  • the wind collecting and protection system further comprises a driving device capable of adjusting and controlling the air collecting system and automatically adjusting the air volume, thereby adjusting the number of revolutions of the generator, the driving device comprising a supporting driving arm of the wind collecting plate and a motor connected thereto Drive device or hydraulic drive device.
  • each of the box frame structures is a triangular frame system, a quadrilateral frame system, a pentagonal frame system, a hexagonal frame system, an octagonal frame system or a circular frame system One.
  • the multi-layer superimposed modular frame has a fixed pier on a diagonal extension line of the base of the column, and the distance is preferably 1/4 to 1/1 of the height of the frame.
  • the multi-stage combined shaft adopts a large multi-section combined shaft, including an upper shaft and a lower shaft, wherein the upper shaft includes an upper shaft end, an upper shaft tube, an upper shaft connecting plate, and a middle blade fixing method.
  • the lower shaft includes a lower shaft connecting plate, a lower shaft tube, a lower shaft end, a lower blade fixing flange and a fixing bolt, the lower shaft end and the lower shaft tube, and the upper portion Both the shaft end and the upper shaft tube are welded by a strong fit.
  • the lower shaft tube and the upper shaft tube are fixedly connected by a lower shaft connecting plate, a middle blade fixing flange plate, an upper shaft connecting plate and a screw, and the fan blade shaft is integrally positioned by the shaft. Pin center positioning.
  • the multi-segment combined shaft further includes at least one middle shaft
  • the middle shaft includes a middle shaft lower connecting plate, a middle shaft tube and a middle shaft connecting plate
  • the middle shaft tube passes through the middle shaft lower connecting plate respectively
  • the connecting plate on the middle shaft is connected to the lower shaft and the upper shaft.
  • the invention can increase the middle shaft and increase the number of blades according to actual needs.
  • the blade is connected and fixed by the blade fixing flange and the blade shaft, and the blade angle can be changed arbitrarily, the blade dead angle can be eliminated, the continuity of the rotational torque generated by the wind can be maintained, and the crankshaft can be reduced.
  • the deformation and vibration increase the strength and rotational torque of the crankshaft and facilitate assembly and transportation.
  • the lower end of the multi-stage combined shaft is assembled on the lower load-bearing beam of the frame by the thrust bearing and the lower bearing; the upper end of the multi-section combined shaft is assembled on the upper beam of the frame through the bearing and the upper bearing seat.
  • the blade system includes a blade frame, a blade body, a refractive deflector, a fixed bracket, and a blade and a shaft connecting member, and the blade frame is welded to the internal steel mesh of the blade body, indicating that the fiberglass is Forming a smooth surface of the wind blade, the refractive deflector is fixed at an angle of 60 degrees with the blade frame, the lower end of the refractive deflector is fixed on the blade frame, and the middle portion of the refractive deflector is fixedly connected with the end of the fixed bracket;
  • the blades having a 120-degree angle with each other are connected to a blade fixing flange on the blade of the blade through a blade and a shaft connecting member to form a blade layer, and the blade is axially axially N wind blade layers are connected, and each blade layer has a phase error of 120/N degrees, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the multi-winding pole-changing generator system comprises a rotor, a stator and a heat-dissipating cooling device, and the energy generated by the rotor is transmitted to the stator through magnetism, and is converted into voltage and current by the stator and transmitted to the grid;
  • the rotor structure adopts a squirrel cage
  • the structure has a rotor shaft comprising a shaft and a shaft drum, the shaft is fixed with the shaft drum, the shaft drum is hollow, the shaft drum is provided with ventilation holes at both ends, and the rotor pole is fixed on the shaft drum;
  • the wiring mode is a 2-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, a 3-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode and a multi-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, and the generator pole pairs are changed by adjusting the combination of windings.
  • the multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power system comprises a control system that controls the rotational speed of the wind power generator, that is, controls the wind collecting plate on one hand to adjust the wind receiving amount of the wind blade to regulate the power generation.
  • the excitation system of the generator set is controlled so that the voltage and current waveform output by the wind turbine does not change with the wind speed, so that the output voltage frequency and phase of the generator set are constant and adjustable, and the wind turbine is controlled. Connected to the grid at the same phase to reduce the impact of the generator on the grid at the moment of grid connection.
  • the uprights in the respective layers are uprights composed of cylindrical steel uprights, or angled steel, or columns made up of square tubular steel.
  • the multi-layer combined high-power wind power generation system, the inter-layer combination connection and fixing is a key part of the overall strength.
  • the combination and connection between the layers mainly includes the connection of the four columns of the wind power wind box and the flexible connection of the rotating main shaft and the transmission of the rotational moment.
  • the wind box body column mainly comprises a column composed of a cylindrical steel column or an angle steel and a column formed by a square tubular steel.
  • the rotating main shaft adopts a flexible connection of the decomposable combined coupling, so that the upper and lower shafts are connected with a large free rotation space and free concentricity, and the lower machine shaft does not bear the gravity of the upper machine shaft, so that the shaft transmission is maximized.
  • the rotation torque and transmission efficiency are the highest.
  • the coupling is the main key device for the transmission torque of the wind turbine shaft.
  • the shaft coupling is the most difficult and difficult point in the assembly and disassembly of the wind turbine.
  • the invention is convenient for repairing and disassembling, and the coupling adopts a left and right two-half type decomposable combined coupling.
  • the coupling has large transmission torque, is convenient for assembly, disassembly and maintenance, and can be operated under a large difference of heart.
  • the connection with the machine shaft with large degree of freedom is convenient to process, easy to assemble, and generates large transmission torque and rotating torque.
  • the vertical machine shaft is vertically erected on the lower load-bearing beam, and the deformation of the load-bearing beam due to the weight has always been the biggest difficulty in the project.
  • the invention combines the upper load-bearing beam with the lower non-load-bearing beam of the lower layer, and adopts the combination of the diagonal pull members to form the cable-stayed load-bearing beam structure, so that the deformation of each layer is minimized and the bearing capacity is maximum.
  • the shaft bearing is the most difficult difficulty in the assembly and disassembly of wind turbines.
  • the invention is convenient for repairing and disassembling, and the system adopts a left and right two-half type decomposable combined bearing seat.
  • the multi-layer wind power machine superimposed modular frame is the main tower of the high-power structure of the present invention, and the bottom layer is composed of a wind power machine, a speed increaser, a generator set, a control system, etc.; the second layer is composed of a layer to a multi-layer wind.
  • the power layer is formed.
  • the outer corners of each layer of the frame are connected by steel cables or steel pipes or round steel cables to the ground heavy-duty fixed piers, which makes the frame have great anti-slope and anti-squaling ability, and resists the great reverse torque in operation. .
  • the wind blade structure adopts the principle of wind collecting and wind guiding, the wind blade is an involute streamlined curved surface, and the wind blade is combined with the refractive guiding plate, and the cutting surface of the wind blade of the wind blade is always at right angles to the wind line.
  • the wind ray passes through the refracting guide plate, and the wind blade surface can be refracted to the maximum moment at any angle.
  • the flow path of the wind line is linear, no eddy current is generated, and the combined moment of the wind line is directed to the maximum perpendicular to the wind blade surface.
  • the focal point of the plane is cut so that the wind is refracted to the maximum point of rotational moment, and the maximum driving torque is generated, so that the blade rotates in the horizontal direction.
  • the blade system has good dynamic balance characteristics, high rotation speed, good stability, and large wind receiving area.
  • the wind utilization rate is more than 8 times higher than that of the propeller wind power machine, up to 75%, and the starting wind speed can be as low as 3 m/s, the rated working wind speed is 10 m/s, and the working wind area can be 3 to 43 m/
  • the wind speed zone of the second at the same time, the system is easy to install and debug, and can be used as a driving power machine for high-power generators.
  • each layer of the blade has a phase error of 120 degrees/N, and the structure is such that the blade rotates smoothly and the balance is better.
  • the speed increaser system adopts a vertical speed increaser, which is an eccentric pendulum type double planetary gear structure, the speed increase ratio is large, the gear and the ring gear have a large number of teeth, the bite area is large, the transmission torque is large, and the transmission efficiency is high. It can be applied to speed-increasing drive systems of more than 5 MW.
  • the generator system adopts a multi-winding variable pole vertical asynchronous generator, which comprises a rotor, a stator and a heat dissipating cooling device, and the energy generated by the rotor is transmitted to the stator through magnetism, and is converted into voltage and current by the stator and transmitted to the grid.
  • the generator rotor brush and slip ring were removed, eliminating the rotor inverter of the doubly-fed generator.
  • the rotor structure adopts a squirrel cage structure, and the rotor shaft comprises two parts: a crankshaft and a shaft drum, the crankshaft and the shaft drum are fixed together, the shaft drum adopts a hollow manner, and the shaft drum is provided with ventilation holes at both ends, and the rotor magnetic pole is fixed at On the shaft drum.
  • the stator is a multi-winding variable pole stator structure, and the wiring mode is a 2-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, a 3-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode and a multi-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, and the pole pair of the stator is changed by changing the wiring mode of the winding coil.
  • the pole pair can work in 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles, 12 poles, 16 poles, 18 poles, 20 poles, 24 pairs Pole, 32 poles, 36 poles, 48 poles, 64 poles, 72 poles, 80 poles, 84 poles, 96 poles, 100 poles and 120 poles, of which 120 pairs of extreme direct drive generator sets ), can adapt to the operating characteristics of each wind speed zone, and solve the problems of large size and transportation difficulties of high-power multi-pole generators.
  • the heat dissipation cooling device adopts a shaft drum type rotor cooling heat dissipation method.
  • the invention can adapt to the characteristics of the natural environment of the wind and meet the requirements of the power grid.
  • the invention adopts a generator excitation control system, that is, the excitation grid-connected control system can control the frequency and phase of the output voltage of the wind power generator, that is, control the wind collecting plate to adjust on one hand
  • the wind blade receives the air volume to adjust the speed of the generator; on the other hand, it controls the excitation system of the generator set so that the voltage and current waveform output by the wind turbine does not change with the wind speed, so that the output voltage and phase of the generator set are constant and can be
  • the control is controlled, and the wind turbine can be controlled to be connected to the grid at the same frequency and in phase to reduce the impact of the generator on the grid at the moment of grid connection.
  • the working wind power range of the wind power generation system of the invention has a minimum wind speed of 3 m
  • the wind power generation system of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the wind turbine adopts horizontal rotation and automatic control of the wind collection system. Compared with the traditional three-blade wind power generation system, the wind utilization rate is increased by more than 6 times;
  • the volume is reduced by more than 50%;
  • the utilization rate of wind farm land has increased by more than 3 times;
  • the fan blade system is horizontally rotating, with good balance and stability. It can be installed on the roof of urban and rural buildings and has important promotion value.
  • the entire wind power generation system can be operated on the grid or separately from the network;
  • the system adopts the building block structure, which can realize multi-layer combination, so it can form a high-power 8 MW or higher wind turbine system;
  • the generator is installed on the ground. It adopts four-pillar tower to support the bellows type. Under the same power, the height is only 30% of the traditional three-blade fan, the manufacturing cost is reduced by 40%, and the model structure is suitable for manufacturing and installation. Very large wind turbines with the ability to withstand strong typhoons and blizzards.
  • the system adopts the intelligent control mode to achieve zero-cutting of the grid connection and no impact on the grid.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a lowermost layer of a vertical wind power generation system according to the present invention
  • Fig. 1 1 is a combined frame; 2 is a fan blade shaft; 3 is a fan blade system, which is respectively distributed at an angle of 120 degrees; 4 is a wind collecting; 5 is a fixed wind collecting plate supporting a driving arm, and 6 is a collecting wind System hydraulic device; 7 is the coupling; 8 is the double planetary speed increaser; 9 is the vertical multi-winding variable pole asynchronous generator; 10 is the control system; 11 is the frame four-corner cable fixing pier; 12 is the frame four-corner fixed cable 15 is the upper and lower slabs of the frame; 16 is the collecting plate slide, 17 is the collecting plate pulley, 18 is the bearing fixing seat of the fan blade shaft, and 19 is the foundation base of the wind power generation system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator of a second layer or more of a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power generation system
  • Fig. 2 20 is the upper wind power system frame, connecting plate 39.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a two-layer superposed combined vertical wind power generation system
  • Fig. 3 1 is a combined frame, 2 is a fan blade shaft, 3 is a fan blade system, 4 is a wind collecting plate, 5 is a wind collecting plate supporting a driving arm, 6 is a collecting system hydraulic device, and 7 is a coupling shaft. 8, 8 is a double planetary speed increaser, 9 is a vertical multi-winding variable pole asynchronous generator, 10 is a control system, 11 is a frame four-corner cable fixed pier, 12 is a frame four-corner fixed cable, and 16 is a windshield slide 17 is a windshield pulley, and 19 is a foundation base of a wind power generation system.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a 2-stage combined machine shaft and a 2-layer combined fan blade
  • Fig. 4 3 is a wind blade, and 13 is a wind deflector.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the vane shown in Figure 4.
  • Fig. 5 3 is a wind blade, and 13 is a wind deflector.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the installation structure of the shaft and the upper and lower beams of the 2-layer blade combination machine
  • FIG. 6 2 is the fan blade shaft (the upper shaft end in this figure), 21 is the upper blade flange, 22 is the intermediate blade fixing flange, 23 is the lower blade fixing flange, and 24 is the upper shaft end.
  • 25 is the upper shaft connecting plate
  • 26 is the center positioning pin
  • 27 is the lower shaft connecting plate
  • 28 is the lower shaft end
  • 29 is the fixing bolt
  • 43 is the upper beam
  • 44 is the lower beam.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic structural view of a wind collecting and protection system
  • Fig. 7 1 is a combined frame, 4 is a wind collecting plate, 5 is a collecting plate supporting a driving arm, 6 is a hydraulic driving device of a collecting system, 16 is a collecting plate sliding track, and 14 is a fixed collecting plate.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of the wind collecting and protection system in a collecting state
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view showing the working (closed) state of the wind collecting and protection system
  • Figure 10 is a schematic structural view of a fixed portion of an upper layer and a lower frame cylindrical column
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connection and fixing portion of the upper and lower frame cylindrical columns
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a fixed portion of an upper layer and a lower frame square tubular column
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connection and fixing portion of the upper layer and the lower frame square cylinder type column;
  • Figure 14 is a schematic structural view of a fixed portion of an upper layer and a lower frame angle steel column
  • Figure 15 is a top plan view of an angle steel column
  • Figure 16 is a schematic view showing the structure of the connection and fixing portion of the upper layer and the lower frame angle steel column;
  • Figure 17 is a cross-sectional structural view of the coupling system
  • Figure 18 is a top view of the coupling system
  • Figs. 17 and 18, 28 is the lower shaft end, 31 is the upper sprocket, and 32 is the lower sprocket, which are respectively divided into left and right 2 portions by the center line; 33 is the chain shaft, 34 is the upper and lower links, and 35 is the upper key, 36 For the lower button, 37 outer sleeve.
  • Figure 19 is a schematic view showing the connection between the upper layer and the lower frame and the connection structure of the crankshaft
  • 1 is a combined frame
  • 2 is the fan blade shaft
  • 3 is the fan blade system
  • 7 is the coupling
  • 20 is the upper wind power system frame
  • 41 is the upper shaft
  • 43 is the upper beam
  • 44 is the lower load bearing Beam
  • 45 is a diagonal puller
  • 18 is a bearing seat.
  • Figure 20 is a schematic view of a multi-layer frame combined connection fixing and a four-angle steel cable fixing system
  • Fig. 20 1 is a combined frame, 11 is a frame four-corner cable fixing pier, 12 is a frame four-corner fixed cable, 19 is a ground base of a wind power generation system, 20 is an upper wind power system frame, and 30 is a third layer wind power The system frame, 40 is the fourth layer of wind power system frame, and 46 is the intermediate connection between the layers.
  • the invention provides a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power generation system, comprising: a multi-stage combined type crankshaft, a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power system, and a multi-layer superimposed combined frame.
  • the multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power system adopts a multi-layer box frame structure, and each layer includes a multi-stage shaft and a multi-layer fan system, a wind collecting and protection system, and a multi-winding pole-changing generator system; each layer
  • the independent wind power system can be separately constructed, and the layers are fixed together by the corner columns.
  • the decomposable combined couplings are used to connect the shaft blades of each layer to form a whole, so that the blades of each layer are synchronized.
  • the rotating torque, the lower shaft end of the lower blade machine shaft is connected to the speed increaser and the generator through a decomposable combined coupling to drive the generator system to generate electricity.
  • the speed increaser system adopts a vertical speed increaser, which is an eccentric pendulum double planetary gear structure; the generator system adopts a variable pole vertical asynchronous generator; the vertical generator system and a speed increaser system Installed on the ground.
  • FIG. 1 is a single-layer wind power generation system
  • FIG. 2 is a 2-layer wind power generation system
  • the frame of FIG. 20 is a 4-layer combined structure.
  • the wind power system of the present invention can be stacked in two layers to a plurality of layers.
  • a single-layer system structure of a multi-layer superimposed combined vertical wind power generation system the bottom layer single-layer system includes a wind power system, a wind collecting and protection system, a speed increasing system, and a generator system. , grid-connected transformer system, monitoring and control system.
  • 1 is the bottom layer combined frame
  • FIG. 2 shows the upper layer wind power combined frame
  • the wind power generator frame may be a triangular frame, a quadrangular frame, a pentagon frame, a hexagonal frame
  • the angular frame may be a circular frame, and the structure of the present invention will be described below by taking a quadrangular frame as an example.
  • 2 is a multi-stage combined blade machine shaft; 3 is a fan blade, 13 blade refracting plate, 3 blades are a group, respectively, and are distributed at an angle of 120 degrees; 4 is a wind collecting plate, and each of the four sides of the frame is a collecting plate.
  • wind collecting and protection system 5 is the wind collecting plate supporting the driving arm
  • 6 is the hydraulic driving device
  • 7 is the chain coupling
  • 8 is the speed increasing device
  • 9 is the multi-winding variable pole asynchronous generating set
  • 10 is the control System
  • 11 is the frame four-corner cable fixing pier
  • 12 is the frame four-corner fixed cable
  • 13 wind blade refractive plate, 14 and 15 are the upper and lower slabs of the wind collecting box
  • 16 is the collecting plate slide
  • 17 is the collecting plate Pulley
  • 18 is the upper and lower shaft bearing housing
  • 19 is the foundation base of the wind power generation system.
  • the wind power system of the vertical wind power generation system of 2 or more layers is shown in Fig. 2, and 20 shown in Fig. 2 is the frame of the upper wind power system.
  • the internal fan blades are the same.
  • the layers are fixed together by four-corner columns to form a multi-layer stacked vertical wind power generation system.
  • the present invention can form a large-capacity power generation system by performing a multi-layer superposition combination using a box frame structure (a bellows type frame structure). For example, if the capacity of each layer of wind power system is 500 kW, then four layers of superimposed combination can form a 2 MW wind power generation system; if each layer achieves 1000 KW capacity, then four layers of superimposed combination can constitute 4 MW of wind power. Power system.
  • the overall structure of the wind power generation system of the invention is convenient for assembly, maintenance and transportation, and the total height is reduced by 2/3, and the raw material is saved by 60%, which is convenient for installation and operation on land, mountain and sea.
  • the small type is convenient for fishing boats and roof installation and Operation; large units are easy to install and operate on land, large wind farms on the mountain and at sea.
  • the frame frame structure can also be used with a frame stabilization system, and the outer corners of each layer are connected by steel cables or steel pipes or round steel cables to the ground heavy-duty fixed piers, so that the frame has great anti-slanting and anti-squaling ability, and Great resistance to reverse torque during operation.
  • the fixed pier is on the diagonal extension of the four column bases. The distance can be 1/3 to 1/1 of the height of the frame.
  • the system has large anti-overturning torque and good stability performance, and can resist the storm blowing force.
  • the frame stabilization system is shown in Figure 20 and is an example of a four-layer combined overlay.
  • the system employs a fixed pier 11 that is secured to the ground by a cable 12 at the four corners above the frame.
  • the fixed pier 19 is on the diagonal extension of the four column sill bases, and the distance may be 1/4 to 1/1 of the frame height.
  • the upper and lower slabs of the frame together with the wind deflector 4 form a bellows type or a form of air duct to reduce wind leakage.
  • the upper slab reduces wind and sand and rain and snow, and reduces damage to the wind turbine blades caused by freezing.
  • the multi-stage combined shaft and the multi-layer superimposed combined vane are shown in Fig. 4.
  • the invention adopts a large multi-section combined blade machine shaft (Fig. 6), and increases the number of the middle shaft and increases the number of blades according to actual needs.
  • the middle shaft can be 1 or 2 or more.
  • Figure 2 shows the structure of the two-stage combined machine shaft and the upper and lower beams.
  • the large-scale wind turbine combined machine shaft includes a shaft end at both ends, a shaft tube at the upper and lower sides, a fixed shaft plate and a flange fixing flange.
  • This embodiment is applicable to a wind turbine generator having a large capacity, a plurality of blades, and a long shaft.
  • the middle shaft can be one section or multiple sections, and the middle shaft can adopt the same structure.
  • the two-stage (multi-segment) shaft system consists of four parts:
  • the upper shaft includes: an upper shaft tube, an upper shaft end 24, an upper shaft connecting plate 25, a middle blade fixing flange 22, and a center positioning pin 26.
  • the lower shaft includes a lower shaft tube, a lower blade fixing flange 23, a lower shaft connecting plate 27, a lower shaft end 28, and a fixing bolt 29.
  • the middle shaft includes: the middle shaft lower connecting plate, the middle shaft tube, the middle shaft connecting plate,
  • the blade connecting flange includes: an upper blade flange 21, a middle blade fixing flange 22, and a lower blade flange 23 connected to the blade.
  • the upper and lower wind blade fixing flanges are triangular steel plates or circular flange plates, and there are three rows of blade fixing holes which are mutually 120 degrees.
  • the intermediate vane flange 22 is of a circular shape, and has six rows of fixing holes that can fix six vanes at a 60-degree angle.
  • the added intermediate vane flanges are identical to the vane flanges 22.
  • the lower shaft and the middle shaft are combined and connected as shown in FIG. 4, and the lower shaft connecting plate 27 is assembled with the blade flange 22 and the connecting plate 25 of the upper shaft tube, and the intermediate shaft portion is positioned by the shaft positioning shaft pin 26, so that The lower and middle shafts and the middle blade flange 22 are accurately positioned on the center line, and the shaft connecting plate is fixed to the fan flange and the shaft connecting plate by fixing bolts.
  • the whole machine shaft is positioned and fixed under the axis positioning pin, and the high-precision coaxial core is realized to form an integral machine shaft.
  • the blade 3 is connected and fixed to the blade shaft 2 through the blade fixing flanges 21, 22, 23, and the angle of the blade can be changed arbitrarily, the blade dead angle is eliminated, and the continuity of the blade rotation torque is maintained and reduced.
  • the deformation and vibration of the crankshaft; and the solid shaft structure is changed to a hollow structure, which is convenient for processing, reduces weight, saves a large amount of steel, increases the strength and rotational torque of the crankshaft, and is easy to assemble and transport. After a large number of simulation experiments and a large number of calculations, the system is adapted to the needs of wind power generation systems above 10 KW to 10 MW.
  • the combination of multi-section combined shaft and frame is shown in Figure 6.
  • the lower end of the multi-section combined shaft is assembled on the lower load-bearing beam of the frame by the thrust bearing and the lower bearing; the upper end of the multi-section combined shaft passes the bearing and the upper bearing.
  • the seat is assembled on the upper beam of the frame.
  • the blade 5 includes a blade frame, a blade body 3, a refractive deflector 13, a fixed bracket 14, and a blade and a shaft connecting member.
  • the wind blade frame and the steel mesh inside the wind blade body are welded together to form an integral fan blade.
  • the refractive deflector is fixed at an angle of 60 degrees to the blade frame.
  • the lower end of the refractive deflector is fixed on the blade frame, and the middle portion of the refractive deflector is fixedly connected with the fixing bracket 14.
  • the blade is fixed to the blade fixing flange of the blade shaft through the blade and the shaft connecting member.
  • the refracting wind deflector and the vane are connected by a fixed bracket for assembly, maintenance and transportation.
  • the wind blade frame is made of an angle steel and is made of a steel structural member to increase the strength of the blade.
  • the blade body has a foliate mesh skeleton made of a steel strip (or a steel wire) in the leaf surface, and a polyester resin (glass reinforced plastic) is attached to the surface, and the surface is smooth and the wind resistance is small.
  • the main function of the blades is to receive wind, and the wind blows onto the blades to produce the maximum rotational moment.
  • the cross section of the wind blade is a streamlined curve of the wing, the wind front area of the wind blade is large, and the wind resistance behind the wind blade is small.
  • the longitudinal section is a convex arch curve. When the wind drives the blade to rotate, the trajectory of the wind line is linear, no eddy current is generated, and the trajectory of the wind ray is in an optimal state.
  • each layer There are three wind blades in each layer, and each of the three blades has a phase error of 120 degrees.
  • the wind deflecting guide plate is composed of a wind deflecting plate frame, a steel mesh inside, and a polyester resin (glass fiber reinforced plastic) on the surface, the surface is smooth, and the wind resistance is small.
  • the fixing bracket 31 is made of long flat steel and has fixing holes at both ends.
  • the vane and the shaft connecting member have fixing holes at the two ends and the middle portion.
  • the wind blade structure of the invention adopts the principle of wind collecting and wind guiding, the wind blade is an involute streamlined curved surface, and the wind blade and the refractive guiding plate are opposite to each other, and the cutting surface of the wind surface of the wind blade is always at right angles with the wind line.
  • the wind ray passes through the refracting guide plate, and can be refracted to the wind blade surface at the maximum torque end at any angle.
  • the flow path of the wind line is linear, no eddy current is generated, and the combined moment of the wind line is directed to the maximum perpendicular to the wind blade surface.
  • the wind is refracted to the maximum point of rotational moment, and the maximum driving torque is generated, so that the blade rotates in the horizontal direction.
  • the blade system has good dynamic balance characteristics, high rotation speed, good stability, and large wind receiving area.
  • the wind utilization rate is more than 8 times higher than that of the propeller wind power machine, up to 75%, and the starting wind speed can be as low as 3 m/s, the rated working wind speed is up to 10 m/s, and the working wind zone can be between 3 and 43 m/s.
  • the system is easy to install and debug, and can be used as a driving power machine for high-power generators.
  • the three blades of each layer of the present invention are each offset by 120 degrees, and the three blades are complementary, generating a balanced rotational moment, no starting dead angle and a reversing dead angle, resulting in optimal dynamic balance characteristics and stable rotation.
  • the fan blade system adopts a two-layer wind blade structure.
  • the fan blade system can also adopt a multi-layered blade structure.
  • the upper wind blade and the lower wind blade are 60 degrees out of phase
  • each blade has a phase error of 40 degrees
  • the N-layer wind blade structure is used.
  • Each layer of blades has a phase error of 120 degrees/N. This structure makes the blades rotate smoothly and the balance is better.
  • the connection of the upper and lower layers is fixed by the blade connecting flange 22 and the fixing screw and the nut shown in Fig. 6.
  • FIG. 7 it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the wind collecting and protection system.
  • the wind collecting and protection system is composed of a wind collecting plate 4, a wind collecting plate supporting driving arm 5, a hydraulic driving system 6, a collecting plate slide 16, and a collecting plate pulley 17.
  • 42 is a fixed wind collecting plate fixed to the column, and the driving system can also be added to form a protection system device in a strong wind.
  • the wind receiving amount of the wind power machine can be controlled, and the rotational speed of the generator can be adjusted.
  • the wind hour wind deflector is opened to achieve the maximum air collection volume, and each blade obtains a rotational thrust angle of 240 degrees.
  • each blade obtains a rotational thrust angle of 240 degrees.
  • the wind and protection system can be driven by an electric motor or a hydraulic drive system.
  • the above-mentioned wind collecting plate and the upper and lower slabs of the box-type frame together form a wind tunnel-type box-type wind collecting body (in the form of a bellows or a wind tunnel), which reduces wind leakage and has an excellent collecting effect.
  • the wind power utilization rate is high, the wind power machine has good balance and the rotation speed is high, the wind speed of the wind power machine is 2 to 3 m/s, and the maximum working wind speed is 36 m/s, when the wind speed exceeds 36 m/s.
  • the generator can be operated to a maximum wind speed of 42 m / s; when the wind speed exceeds 42 m / s, the wind collecting plate is completely closed, and a quarter of the air inlet is left, the wind The generator can still work normally.
  • the invention can be operated all the time at wind speeds above 2.5 m/s.
  • the coupling is the key device for transmitting torque of the wind turbine shaft, and the coupling of the shaft coupling in the assembly and disassembly of the wind turbine is difficult.
  • the coupling adopts the left and right two-stage decomposable combined coupling, and the decomposable combined coupling of the large wind turbine shaft is shown in Fig. 11, the coupling
  • the transmission torque is large, it is easy to assemble, disassemble and repair. It can run under the condition of large difference of heart and has the connection of the machine shaft with large degree of freedom. It is easy to process and easy to assemble, resulting in large transmission torque and rotating torque.
  • the decomposable combined coupling includes an upper sprocket 31 and a lower sprocket 32. Each sprocket is further divided into left and right halves by a center line, and upper and lower portions of the sprocket are respectively provided.
  • the fixing sleeve 37; the upper sprocket 31 and the lower sprocket 32 are connected and driven by an external chain.
  • the chain includes a chain shaft 33 and an upper chain piece 34; the upper part of the coupling is connected by a key 35 and an upper sprocket 31 to the upper blade shaft, and is sleeved at the end of the blade shaft, fixed by the key 35, and the outer part is fixed by the sleeve.
  • the lower sprocket is connected with the fan blade shaft, and is sleeved at the end of the fan blade shaft, fixed by the key brake, and the outer part is fixed by the fixing sleeve 37; the upper sprocket 31 and the lower sprocket 32 are connected
  • the chain is connected and fixed, and the connecting chain is composed of a chain shaft, an upper chain piece, and a lower chain piece.
  • the upper sprocket 31 and the lower sprocket 32 and the connecting chain are subjected to transmission of the entire crankshaft rotational torque.
  • the rotating main shaft adopts a flexible connecting coupling, so that the upper and lower shafts are connected with a large free rotating space and free concentricity, and the lower machine shaft does not bear the gravity of the upper machine shaft, so that the shaft transmits the maximum rotating torque and transmission. The most efficient.
  • the decomposable combined coupling has the advantages of light weight, large deformation resistance and large torque, allowing different degrees of freedom and freedom, convenient processing and convenient assembly and disassembly. After trial verification in large wind turbines, excellent results are obtained. After a large number of simulation calculations and practical application experiments, it is easy to assemble and can be applied to various types of wind turbine systems below 10MW, and can be applied to various types of power mechanical transmission systems.
  • the shaft bearing is the most difficult difficulty in the assembly and disassembly of wind turbines.
  • the system adopts the left and right two-half type decomposable combined bearing housing.
  • the speed increaser system of the invention adopts a vertical eccentric pendulum double planetary gear structure, the speed increase ratio is large, the gear and the ring gear have a large number of teeth, the occlusal area is large, the transmission torque is large, the transmission efficiency is high, and the utility model can be applied to more than 10 MW.
  • Speed-up drive system adopts a vertical eccentric pendulum double planetary gear structure, the speed increase ratio is large, the gear and the ring gear have a large number of teeth, the occlusal area is large, the transmission torque is large, the transmission efficiency is high, and the utility model can be applied to more than 10 MW.
  • Speed-up drive system is a vertical eccentric pendulum double planetary gear structure, the speed increase ratio is large, the gear and the ring gear have a large number of teeth, the occlusal area is large, the transmission torque is large, the transmission efficiency is high, and the utility model can be applied to more than 10 MW. Speed-up drive system.
  • the generator system of the invention adopts a multi-winding variable pole vertical asynchronous generator, which comprises a rotor, a stator and a heat dissipating cooling device.
  • the energy generated by the rotor is transmitted to the stator through magnetic transmission, and the stator is converted into voltage and current to the grid, and the utility model is omitted.
  • the generator rotor brush and slip ring eliminate the rotor inverter of the doubly-fed generator.
  • the rotor structure adopts a squirrel cage structure, and the rotor shaft comprises two parts: a crankshaft and a shaft drum, the crankshaft and the shaft drum are fixed together, the shaft drum adopts a hollow manner, and the shaft drum is provided with ventilation holes at both ends, and the rotor magnetic pole is fixed at On the shaft drum.
  • the stator is a multi-winding variable pole stator structure, and the wiring mode is a 2-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, a 3-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode and a multi-winding asynchronous pole-changing mode, and the pole pair of the stator is changed by changing the wiring mode of the winding coil.
  • the pole pair can work in 4 poles, 6 poles, 8 poles, 12 poles, 16 poles, 18 poles, 20 poles, 24 pairs Pole, 32 poles, 36 poles, 48 poles, 64 poles, 72 poles, 80 poles, 84 poles, 96 poles, 100 poles and 120 poles, of which 120 pairs of extreme direct drive generator sets ), can adapt to the operating characteristics of each wind speed zone, and solve the problems of large size and transportation difficulties of high-power multi-pole generators.
  • the heat dissipation cooling device adopts a shaft drum type rotor cooling heat dissipation method.
  • the invention can adapt to the characteristics of the natural environment of the wind and meet the requirements of the power grid.
  • the invention adopts the generator excitation frequency modulation phase modulation control and the grid connection intelligent control system, that is, the excitation grid connection control system can control the frequency phase of the output voltage of the wind power generator, that is, one
  • the aspect controls the wind collecting plate to adjust the wind receiving amount of the wind blade to adjust the rotating speed of the generator; on the other hand, the excitation system of the generator set is controlled so that the voltage and current waveform outputted by the wind power generator does not change with the wind speed, so that the generator set output
  • the voltage frequency is constant, the phase is adjustable, and the wind turbine can be controlled to be connected to the grid when it is in phase with the grid to reduce the impact of the generator on the grid at the moment of grid connection.
  • the working wind power range of the wind power generation system of the invention has a minimum wind speed of 3 m/s and a maximum wind speed of 42 m/s.
  • Multi-layer combined high-power wind power generation system the joint connection and fixing between layers is the key part of the overall strength.
  • the combination and connection of the layers are mainly composed of the connection of the four columns of the wind power wind box and the flexible connection of the rotating main shaft and the transmission of the rotational moment.
  • the four columns of the wind box body mainly include columns made up of cylindrical steel columns (as shown in Figures 10 and 11), square cylinders (shown in Figures 12 and 13), or columns made of angle steel (as shown in the figure). 14, Figure 15, Figure 16).
  • the decoupling combined coupling with flexible connection of the rotating main shaft is shown in Figures 17 and 18.
  • the upper and lower shafts are connected with a large free rotation space and free concentricity.
  • the lower machine shaft does not bear the upper machine shaft. Gravity allows the shaft to transmit the maximum rotational torque and transmission efficiency.
  • the vertical machine shaft is vertically set on the lower load-bearing beam, and the deformation of the load-bearing beam due to the weight has always been the biggest difficulty in the project.
  • the lower load-bearing beam of the upper layer of the system is combined with the non-load-bearing upper beam of the lower layer, and a diagonal pull member is arranged between the upper beam and the lower load-bearing beam, and the cable-stayed load-bearing beam structure is formed by the combination of the diagonal pull members, so that each layer is deformed.
  • the smallest, the load bearing is the largest, and its structure is shown in Figure 19.
  • 7 7 is a coupling
  • 41 is an upper shaft
  • 43 is a beam
  • 44 is a load bearing beam
  • 45 is a diagonal pulling member
  • 18 is a bearing seat.
  • the multi-layer frame structure of the vertical wind power generation system adopts a frame stabilization system, and the outer corners of each layer are connected by steel cables or steel pipes or round steel cables to the ground heavy-duty fixed piers, so that the frame has great anti-slanting and anti-squaling ability. , and against the great reverse torque in operation.
  • the fixed pier is on the diagonal extension of the four column bases. The distance can be 1/4 to 1/1 of the height of the frame.
  • the system has large anti-overturning torque and good stability performance, and can resist the storm blowing force.
  • the frame stabilization system is shown in Figure 20 and is an example of a four-layer combined overlay.
  • the four columns of each layer of the frame are welded with column fixing members 39, and the respective layers of the frame are fixedly integrated by the column fixing members 39.
  • the system adopts four corner joints above the frame, and the fixed pier 11 fixed to the ground by the steel cable 12; the fixed pier 19 is on the diagonal extension line of the four pillars and the base, and the distance can be 1/4 to 1 of the height of the frame. /1.
  • the top corners of each layer are welded with a connecting fixing member and the inter-layer connecting steel cable 46 and the four-corner fixed steel cable 12 are connected to play an integral fixing function to prevent the middle portion of the frame from vibrating.
  • the lower slab 49 of the slab 48 on the frame and the plenum 4 together form a bellows type or a duct form to reduce wind leakage.
  • the upper slab reduces wind and sand and rain and snow, and reduces damage to the wind turbine blades caused by freezing.

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Description

多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统 技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电技术领域的一种多层叠加组合式风力发电系统。具体地说，涉及的是一种新型的具有多层风动力机叠加组合立式风力发电系统。
 背景技术
随着世界能源危机的发生，利用风力动能发电作为新能源已经成为现代社会发展的热点。传统的三浆叶风力发电机的发电机组与增速器均安装在高达70米～120米以上的塔筒顶端的高空，长大沉重的风叶斜挂在侧面，并需要重大的配重体。考虑到风叶、增速器，发电机组、配重体再加上沉重的机仓具有几百吨的重量，其利用塔筒支持在高空，则风力吹动会产生巨大的翻倒力矩，风叶难于抵抗狂风的吹毁与冰冻害的损坏，目前国内外有很多因暴风摧毁损坏塔筒风叶、因冰冻风叶折损等严重的事故。同时，传统风力发电机体积大，运输与组装及维修难度极大；且存在风叶受风量小，风力利用率低，其风力启动力矩大，启动死角与换向死角大等缺陷。例如，现有三浆叶风力发电机的前翼面风阻大，翼型风叶受风面积小，风力利用率低，运输与组装及维修难度大。
经对现有技术的文献检索发现，专利号ZL200430067146.5与专利公开号W02007/1403972中专利文献中记载的风力发电机中的风叶依然存在风力利用率低，在启动与旋转运动中存在启动死角与换向死角大的问题。
同样的，专利申请号200410023530.4的发明专利中所涉及的风力发电机的风叶系采用NACA0009翼型，该风叶受风面积小，风力利用率低，存在前翼面风阻面，在旋转运动中存在换向死角，难于大容量化。
 技术问题
本发明的目的在于提供一种具有多层风动力机叠加组合立式风力发电系统，其结构简单，便于制造运输组装与维修，结构稳固、运行性能稳定，风力利用率高，占地面积小，抗暴风能力强，运行性能稳定，发电质量和并网性能优良，可构成10兆瓦以下各容量的风力发电系统，适于在各种天气及地理环境中应用。
 技术解决方案
为实现上述发明目的，本发明所述的具有多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统，包括：多段组合式机轴，多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统，以及多层叠加组合式框架；其中：
所述多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统各层的风动力系统均为箱体框架结构，其中包含风叶系统，集风与保护系统，双速增速器，以及多绕组变极发电机系统；所述箱体框架上部与下部分别设置上棚顶和下棚板，所述集风与保护系统设置在所述箱体框架的周围，所述上棚顶和下棚板与框架周围的所述集风与保护系统中的集风板共同形成风洞式箱式集风系统,减少风力泄漏，起到极好的集风效果；
所述多层风动力系统中各层单独构成独立风动力系统运行，或者各层之间利用各角立柱固定在一起，利用可分解式组合式联轴器把各层风叶机轴连接起来构成一个整体，使各层风叶产生同步的旋转力矩，所述多层风动力系统的最下层风叶机轴下轴端通过可分解式组合式联轴器与双速增速器和多绕组变极发电机系统连接在一起，驱动发电机系统发电；
所述可分解式组合式联轴器包括上链轮、下链轮，每个链轮又以中心线分为左右两半，链轮的上下部分分别设有固定套，所述上链轮与下链轮由外部链条围绕固定与传动，所述链条包含链轴、上链片、下链片；联轴器上部由键、上链轮与风叶机轴上轴连接，并套在风叶机轴上轴端部，由键固定，外部由固定环固定；同样，下链轮与风叶机轴下轴连接，并套在风叶机轴下轴端部，由键固定，外部由固定环固定；所述上链轮与下链轮由连接链连接与固定，该连接链由链轴、上链片、下链片构成；所述上链轮与下链轮和连接链承受传输整个机轴旋转扭矩；旋转主轴采用柔性连接的链轮式联轴器，使上下两个机轴连接后有较大的自由旋转空间与自由同心度，下层机轴不承受上层机轴重力，使机轴传输最大的旋转力矩和传输效率最高；
所述双速增速器采用立式偏心双行星轮结构，所述多绕组变极发电机系统采用立式多绕组变极异步发电机，所述双速增速器与多绕组变极发电机系统安装在地面上；
所述多段组合式机轴，其中机轴轴承采用左右两半式可分解式组合式轴承座；
所述多层叠加组合式框架，每层框架各角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定；
所述多层叠加组合式框架中，上层的下承重横梁与下层的非负重上横梁结合，在该上横梁和下承重梁之间设置斜拉件，利用斜拉件组合构成斜拉式承重梁结构，使每一层承重横梁不产生形变或形变达到最小，承重力最大，由此上层框架与下层框架连接为一体。
本发明多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统，关键在于各层之间的连接组合与固定，各层的重量承重分解与承受，主轴支撑横梁抗形变结构，便于组装与更换的大型主轴轴承特殊支撑座，多层组合框架的抗形变与反倒力矩，多层组合框架的稳固系统，增加了整体抗形变能力与强暴风能力，为整体扩容到超大容量级打下坚实的基础。本发明把高大的风力发电系统分解为多层组合结构，便于制造、运输、安装、组合与维修。
进一步的，所述集风与保护系统包括可控集风板和装在立柱上的固定集风板，可控集风板通过液压或电机系统驱动控制调节各集风板的角度来控制风力动力机的受风量，调节发电机的转速，风小时集风板张开起到集风作用；如且当风速过大或暴风时，通过闭合集风板保护风力发电机系统的作用。
进一步的，所述集风与保护系统还包括能调节控制集风系统并自动调节风量，进而调节发电机转数的驱动装置，该驱动装置包括集风板的支撑驱动臂以及与之连接的电机驱动设备或液压驱动设备。
进一步的，所述多层叠加组合式框架，其中所述每层箱体框架结构为三角形框架系统、四角形框架系统、五角形框架系统、六角形框架系统、八角形框架系统或者圆形框架系统中的一种。
进一步的，所述多层叠加组合式框架，其固定墩在立柱基座的对角延长线上，距离最佳为框架高度的1/4～1/1。
进一步的，所述多段组合式机轴采用大型多段组合式机轴，包括上段机轴和下段机轴，所述上段机轴包括上轴端、上轴管、上轴连接盘、中风叶固定法兰盘和轴心定位销，所述下段机轴包括下轴连接盘、下轴管，下轴端、下风叶固定法兰盘和固定螺栓，所述下轴端与下轴管以及所述上轴端与上轴管均采用强配合焊接连接，下轴管和上轴管通过下轴连接盘、中风叶固定法兰盘、上轴连接盘和螺丝固定连接，风叶机轴整体用轴定位销中心定位。
进一步的，所述多段组合式机轴还包括至少一中段机轴，所述中段机轴包括中段轴下连接盘、中段轴管和中段轴上连接盘，中段轴管分别通过中段轴下连接盘和中段轴上连接盘与下段机轴和上段机轴连接。本发明可以根据实际需要通过增加中段机轴和增加风叶层数。
本发明中将风叶通过风叶固定法兰盘与风叶机轴进行连接固定，可以任意组合改变风叶角度，消除风叶死角，保持风力产生的旋转力矩的连续性，减小了机轴的形变与振动，增加机轴的强度与旋转扭力矩，并便于组装与运输。多段组合式机轴的下端通过顶推轴承与下轴承组装在框架的下承重梁上；多段组合式机轴的上端通过轴承与上轴承座组装在框架的上横梁上。
进一步的，所述风叶系统包括风叶框、风叶叶体、折射导风板、固定支架以及风叶与轴连接件，风叶框与风叶叶体内部钢网焊接在一起，表明玻璃钢构成风叶光滑的表面，折射导风板与风叶框成60度角固定，折射导风板下端部固定在风叶框上，折射导风板中部与固定支架端部固定连接；每三个彼此之间成120度角的风叶通过风叶与轴连接件连接固定在风叶机轴上的一风叶固定法兰盘上形成一风叶层，所述风叶机轴上沿轴向连接有N个风叶层，每个风叶层之间相错120/N度，其中N为大于或等于1的整数。
进一步的，所述多绕组变极发电机系统，包括转子、定子和散热冷却装置，转子产生的能量通过磁传输给定子，由定子转换为电压与电流传输到电网；所述转子结构采用鼠笼式结构，其转子轴包括机轴与轴鼓两部分，机轴与轴鼓固定在一起，轴鼓采用中空方式，轴鼓两端设有通风孔，转子磁极固定在轴鼓上；所述定子为多绕组变极式定子结构，其接线方式为2绕组异步变极方式、3绕组异步变极方式及多绕组异步变极方式，通过调整绕组的组合来改变发电机极对数。
进一步的，所述多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统包含控制系统，该控制系统对风力发电机的转速进行控制，即，一方面控制集风板来调节风叶的受风量，以调节发电机的转速；另一方面控制发电机组的励磁系统，使风力发电机输出的电压电流波形不随风速变化，使发电机组输出电压频率、相位恒定并可调受控，并控制风力发电机在同相位时并网，减少发电机在并网瞬间对电网的冲击。
所述各层中的立柱为由圆筒形钢立柱，或角钢构成的立柱，或方筒形钢构成的立柱。
本发明中，多层组合式大功率风力发电系统，层间组合连接与固定是整体强度的关键部位。层间组合连接与固定，主要包含风动力风箱体四个立柱的连接固定式和旋转主轴的柔性连接与旋转力矩的传递。风箱体立柱主要包含由圆筒形钢立柱或角钢构成的立柱及方筒形钢构成的立柱。旋转主轴采用柔性连接的可分解式组合式联轴器，使上下两个机轴连接后有较大的自由旋转空间与自由同心度，下层机轴不承受上层机轴重力，使机轴传输最大的旋转力矩和传输效率最高。
联轴器是风力发电机轴传输力矩的主要关键装置，机轴联轴器在风力发电机组装与拆卸维修中最困难的难点。本发明为了维修装拆方便，联轴器采用左右两半式可分解式组合式联轴器，此联轴器传动力矩大，便于组装拆卸与维修，可以运行在具有较大不同心度情况下，具有较大自由度机轴的连接，加工方便，便于组装，产生较大的传动扭矩与旋转扭矩。
立式机轴垂直竖立在下承重横梁上，承重横梁上因受重产生形变历来是工程中最大的难点。本发明采用上层的承重横梁与下层的上非负重梁结合，利用斜拉件组合构成斜拉式承重梁结构，使每一层形变达到最小，承重力最大。
机轴轴承在风力发电机组装与拆卸维修中最困难的难点。本发明为了维修装拆方便，本系统采用左右两半式可分解式组合式轴承座。
多层风动力机叠加组合式框架是本发明大功率化结构的主干塔架，底部一层由风动力机、增速器、发电机组、控制系统等构成；第2层以上由1层～多层风动力层构成，框架每层各角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定,使框架具有巨大的抗倾斜和抗狂风摧毁能力，及抗运行中极大的反倒力矩。
本发明中，风叶结构采用集风与风力导向原理，风叶呈渐开线式流线形曲面，风叶与折射导向板相结合，风叶的受风力面的切面始终与风力线成为直角，令风力射线经过折射导向板，在任何角度都能折射到最大力矩的风叶面，风力线流动轨迹呈直线形，不产生涡流，风力线的合力矩集中指向最大的与风叶面相垂直切平面的焦点处，使风力折射到最大的旋转力矩点，产生最大的推动力矩，使风叶沿水平方向旋转，因此风叶系统动平衡特性好，转速高，稳定性好，受风面积大，风力利用率较之螺旋桨式风力动力机提高8倍以上，可高达75%，且启动风速可低至3米/秒，额定工作风速达10米/秒，工作风区可在3～43米/秒的风速区，同时，系统便于安装与调试，可作为大功率发电机的驱动动力机械。采用N层风叶结构时，每层风叶相错120度/N，这样的结构方式使得风叶旋转平稳，平衡性更好。
本发明中，增速器系统采用立式增速器，其为偏心摆式双行星轮结构，增速比大，齿轮与齿圈咬合齿数多，咬合面积大，传动力矩大，传动效率高，可适用于5兆瓦以上的增速驱动系统。
本发明中，发电机系统采用多绕组变极立式异步发电机，其包括转子、定子和散热冷却装置，转子产生的能量通过磁传输给定子，由定子转换为电压与电流传输到电网，省去了发电机转子电刷和滑环，省去了双馈发电机的转子逆变器。所述转子结构采用鼠笼式结构，其转子轴包括机轴与轴鼓两部分，机轴与轴鼓固定在一起，轴鼓采用中空方式，轴鼓两端设有通风孔，转子磁极固定在轴鼓上。所述定子为多绕组变极式定子结构，其接线方式为2绕组异步变极方式、3绕组异步变极方式及多绕组异步变极方式，通过改变绕组线圈的接线方式来改变定子的极对数（如，在发电机直径不变的情况下，极对数可工作在4对极、6对极、8对极、12对极、16对极、18对极、20对极、24对极、32对极、36对极、48对极、64对极、72对极、80对极、84对极、96对极、100对极和120对极，其中120对极为直驱发电机组），可适应各风速区的运行特性，解决了大功率多极发电机体积过大和运输困难得难题等问题。所述散热冷却装置采用轴鼓式转子冷却散热方式。本发明能适应风力自然环境特点与满足电网要求。
目前，传统的风力发电机，如螺旋桨式风力动力机与其他类型的风力动力机的转数随风力与风速的变化而变化，因此发电机的输出电压，频率和输出功率都相错极大。本发明为了适应风力发电系统的工作特点，采用了发电机励磁控制系统，即励磁并网控制系统可对风力发电机的输出电压的频率与相位进行控制，即，一方面控制集风板来调节风叶的受风量，以达到调节发电机的转速；另一方面控制发电机组的励磁系统，使风力发电机输出的电压电流波形不随风速变化，使发电机组输出电压频率、相位恒定并可调受控，并可控制风力发电机在同频率与同相位时并网，以减少发电机在并网瞬间对电网的冲击。本发明风力发电系统的工作风力范围最低风速3m/s，最高风速42m/s的全天气运行。
 有益效果
采用上述的技术方案后，本发明的风力发电系统还至少具有如下优势：
1、风机采用水平旋转与自动控制的集风系统，与传统的三桨叶式风力发电系统相比，风力利用率提高6倍以上；
2、与同功率风力发电系统相比，体积缩小50%以上；
3、发电质量和并网性能具有大幅度的提高；
4、与传统的三桨叶式风电系统相比总造价成本降低40%以上；
5、风场土地利用率提高3倍以上；
6、安装维修和运输成本分别降低60%、80%和50%以上；
7、风叶系统呈水平旋转式，平衡稳定性好，可以安装在城乡楼顶上，具有重要的推广价值；
8、整个风力发电系统可以并网运行，也可以离网单独运行；
9、系统采用积木式结构，可实现多层组合，因此可构成大功率8兆瓦级以上风力发电机组系统；
10、发电机安装在地面，采用四支柱塔架支撑风箱式，在同功率情况下，高度仅是传统三桨叶风机的30%，制造成本降低40%，机型结构适合于制造和安装超大型风力发电机组，具有抗强台风和暴风雪能力。
11、系统采用智能控制模式，做到并网零切入，对电网无冲击。
 附图说明
图1为本发明立式风力发电系统的最下层结构示意图；
图1中：1为组合式框架；2为风叶机轴；3为风叶系统，分别成120度角分布；4为集风；5为固定式集风板支持驱动臂，6为集风系统液压装置；7为联轴器；8为双行星式增速器；9为立式多绕组变极异步发电机；10为控制系统；11为框架四角缆绳固定墩；12为框架四角固定缆绳；15为框架上下棚板；16为集风板滑道，17为集风板滑轮，18为风叶机轴的轴承固定座，19为风力发电系统的地基机座。
图2为多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统的第2层以上的风动力机的结构示意图；
图2中：20为上层风动力系统框架，连接板39。
图3为2层叠加组合立式风力发电系统的结构示意图；
图3中：1为组合式框架，2为风叶机轴，3为风叶系统，4为集风板，5为集风板支持驱动臂，6为集风系统液压装置，7为联轴器，8为双行星式增速器，9为立式多绕组变极异步发电机，10为控制系统，11为框架四角缆绳固定墩，12为框架四角固定缆绳，16为集风板滑道，17为集风板滑轮，19为风力发电系统的地基机座。
图4为2段组合式机轴与2层组合风叶的结构示意图；
图4中：3为风叶，13为导风板。
图5为图4中所示风叶的结构示意图；
图5中：3为风叶，13为折风板。
图6为2层风叶组合机轴与上下横梁安装结构示意图；
图6中：2为风叶机轴（此图中为上轴端），21为上风叶法兰盘，22为中间风叶固定法兰盘，23为下风叶固定法兰盘，24为上轴端，25为上轴连接盘，26为中心定位销，27为下轴连接盘，28为下轴端，29为固定螺栓，43为上横梁，44为下横梁。
图7为集风与保护系统的结构示意图；
图7中：1为组合式框架，4为集风板，5为集风板支持驱动臂，6为集风系统液压驱动装置，16为集风板滑道，14为固定集风板。
图8为集风与保护系统在集风状态示意图；
图9为集风与保护系统工作在保护（闭合）状态示意图；
图10为上层与下层框架圆筒型立柱的固定部分结构示意图；
图11为上层与下层框架圆筒型立柱的连接与固定部分结构示意图；
图12为上层与下层框架方筒型立柱的固定部分结构示意图；
图13为上层与下层框架方筒型立柱的连接与固定部分结构示意图；
图14为上层与下层框架角钢型立柱的固定部分结构示意图；
图15为角钢型立柱的顶视结构示意图；
图16为上层与下层框架角钢型立柱的连接与固定部分结构示意图；
图17联轴器系统侧剖视结构图；
图18联轴器系统顶视结构图；
图17、18中：28为下轴端，31为上链轮，32为下链轮，分别以中线分为左右2部分；33为链轴，34为上下链片，35为上键，36为下键，37外固定套。
图19为上层与下层框架的连接与机轴连接结构示意图；
图19中：1为组合式框架，2为风叶机轴，3为风叶系统，7为联轴器，20为上层风动力系统框架，41为上机轴，43上横梁，44下承重梁，45为斜拉件，18为轴承座。
图20为多层框架组合连接固定与四角钢缆固定系统示意图；
图20中：1为组合式框架，11为框架四角缆绳固定墩，12为框架四角固定缆绳，19为风力发电系统的地基机座，20为上层风动力系统框架,30为第三层风动力系统框架，40为第四层风动力系统框架，46为各层间的中间连索。
 本发明的实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的解释，但是以下的内容不用于限定本发明的保护范围。
本发明提供一种多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统，包括：多段组合式机轴，多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统，以及多层叠加组合式框架。
所述多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统采用多层箱体框架结构，每层包括多段机轴与多层风叶系统，集风与保护系统，以及多绕组变极发电机系统；每层可单独构成独立风动力系统运行，各层之间利用各角立柱固定在一起，利用可分解式组合式联轴器把各层风叶机轴连接起来构成一个整体，使各层风叶产生同步的旋转力矩，最下层风叶机轴下轴端通过可分解式组合式联轴器与增速器和发电机连接在一起，驱动发电机系统发电。
所述增速器系统采用立式增速器，其为偏心摆式双行星轮结构；所述发电机系统采用变极式立式异步发电机；所述立式发电机系统与增速器系统安装在地面上。
图1为单层风力发电系统，图2为2层风力发电系统，如图20框架为4层组合式结构。本发明的风动力系统可叠加组合2层～多层。
1.单层立式风力发电机系统结构
如图1所示，多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统的单层式系统结构，该最底层的单层式系统包括风动力系统，集风与保护系统，增速器系统，发电机系统，并网变压器系统，监测控制系统。图1中所示1为底层组合式框架；图2中所示20为上层风动力组合式框架；风力发电机的框架可是三角型框架，也可以是四角形框架，五角形框架，六角形框架,八角形框架或为圆形框架，以下以四角形框架为例，介绍本发明的结构。2为多段组合型风叶机轴；3为风叶，13风叶折射板,3个风叶为一组，分别成120度角分布；4为集风板，框架四面各一个集风板,构成四面集风与保护系统；5为集风板支持驱动臂，6为液压驱动装置；7为链式联轴器；8为升速器；9为多绕组变极异步发电机组；10为控制系统；11为框架四角缆绳固定墩；12为框架四角固定缆绳；13风叶折射板、14与15为集风箱体的上下棚板；16为集风板滑道；17为为集风板滑轮；18为上下机轴轴承座；19为风力发电系统的地基机座。
2层以上的立式风力发电系统的风动力系统如图2所示，图2中所示20为上层风动力系统框架。内部各层风叶机轴相同。各层之间利用四角立柱固定在一起，构成多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统。
本发明通过采用箱体框架结构（风箱式框架式结构）进行多层叠加组合，能够构成大容量的发电系统。例如，把每层风动力系统容量做到500KW，则四层叠加组合，就可以构成2兆瓦风力发电系统；如果每层做到1000KW容量，则四层叠加组合，就可以构成4兆瓦风力发电系统。本发明的风力发电系统整体结构便于组装、维修与运输，总高度降低了2/3，节约原材料60%，便于陆地，山上与海上安装与运行，其中，小机型便于渔船、楼顶安装与运行；大型机组便于陆地，山上与海上大型风场安装与运行。
该箱体框架结构上还可使用框架稳固系统，其每层四角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定，使框架具有巨大的抗倾斜和抗狂风摧毁能力，及抗运行中极大的反倒力矩。固定墩在四个立柱基座的对角延长线上。距离可为框架高度的1/3～1/1。本系统抗翻倒力矩大，稳固性能好，可以抗暴风吹毁力。
框架稳固系统如图20所示，为四层组合叠加的例子。该系统采用在框架上方四角利用钢索12固定到地面的固定墩11，固定墩19在四个立柱拄基座的对角延长线上，距离可为框架高度的1/4～1/1。在多层框架组合时各层顶端四角都焊接有连接固定件，利用钢索与四角固定钢缆连接，以起到整体固定作用，以防框架中部发颤。
框架上、下棚板与集风板4共同构成风箱式或称为风道形式，减少风力泄漏。同时上棚板减少风沙与雨雪侵袭，减小冰冻对风力发电机风叶的损坏。
2.大型多段组合机轴实施例
多段组合式机轴与多层叠加组合式风叶如图4所示。本发明采用大型多段组合式风叶机轴（如图6），并根据实际需要通过增加中段机轴和增加风叶层数。
当风力发电机容量较大，需要风叶多，需要机轴较长时，则可增加中段机轴，中段机轴可为1段，也可增至2段或多段。如图4所示2段组合机轴与上下横梁安装结构图。
本实施例涉及的大型风力发电机组合机轴，包括两端轴端，上下段轴管,固定轴盘与风叶固定法兰盘。本实施例适用于风力发电机组容量大，风叶多，机轴长。中段机轴可为一段，也可增加为多段，中段机轴可采用相同的结构。两段（多段）轴体系统共包含四部分：
上段机轴包括：上轴管、上轴端24、上轴连接盘25，中间风叶固定法兰盘22，中心定位销26。
下段机轴包括：下轴管，下风叶固定法兰盘23、下轴连接盘27、下轴端28、固定螺栓29。
中段机轴包括：中段轴下连接盘、中段轴管、中段轴上连接盘、
风叶连接法兰盘包括：上风叶法兰盘21、中风叶固定法兰盘22、下间的风叶法兰盘23与风叶连接。轴心定位轴销26，风叶法兰盘固定螺丝29。
上下风叶固定法兰盘为三角形钢板或圆形法兰盘，上有互成120度的3排风叶固定孔。中间风叶法兰盘22为圆型，上有6排互成60度角的可固定6个风叶的固定孔。所增加的中间的风叶法兰盘均与风叶法兰盘22相同。
下段机轴与中段机轴组合连接如图4所示，下轴连接盘27与风叶法兰盘22及上段轴管的连接盘25连接组装，中间轴心部以轴心定位轴销26定位，使下段机轴与中段机轴及中间的风叶法兰盘22准确定位在中心线上，通过固定螺栓把轴连接盘与风叶法兰盘及轴连接盘固定在一起。使整体机轴在轴心定位轴销定位固定下，实现高精度的同轴心，构成一个整体机轴。
将风叶3通过风叶固定法兰盘21，22，23与风叶机轴2进行连接固定，可以任意组合改变风叶角度，消除风叶死角，保持风叶旋转力矩的连续性，减小了机轴的形变与振动；并把实心轴结构改为空心式结构，便于加工，减少重量，节约了大量的钢材，增加了机轴的强度与旋转扭力矩，便于组装与运输。经过大量的模拟实验与大量的计算，本系统适应于10KW～10兆瓦以上风力发电系统的需要。
多段组合式机轴与框架的安装组合图6所示，多段组合式机轴的下端通过顶推轴承与下轴承组装在框架的下承重梁上；多段组合式机轴的上端通过轴承与上轴承座组装在框架的上横梁上。
3.多层风叶系统
本发明采用立式水平旋转式风叶系统如图5所示，风叶图5包括风叶框、风叶叶体3、折射导风板13、固定支架14及风叶与轴连接件。其中，风叶框与风叶叶体内部的钢网焊接在一起构成整体风叶。折射导风板与风叶框成60度角固定。折射导风板下端部固定在风叶框上，折射导风板中部与固定支架14固定连接。风叶通过风叶与轴连接件连接固定在风叶机轴的风叶固定法兰盘上。折射导风板与风叶通过固定支架进行连接，便于组装，维修与运输。
所述风叶框由角钢做成长方体，材料采用钢结构件，以增加风叶强度。
所述风叶体，其叶面内由钢带（或钢丝）制成叶面网状骨架，表面附有聚酯树脂（玻璃钢），表面光滑，风阻小。风叶主要作用是受风，风吹到风叶上产生最大的旋转力矩。风叶横截面呈机翼流线型曲线，风叶正面受风面积大，风叶后面风阻小。纵截面呈突起拱型曲线，当风力推动风叶转动，风力线运动轨迹呈直线状，不产生涡流，风力射线运动轨迹呈最佳状态。
所述每层风叶有三个，三个风叶各相错120度角。
所述导风折射导向板由导风板框架，内部有钢网，表面附有聚酯树脂（玻璃钢），表面光滑，风阻小。
所述固定支架31由长扁钢制成，两端有固定孔。
所述风叶与轴连接件两端的与中部有固定孔。
本发明的风叶结构采用集风与风力导向原理，风叶呈渐开线式流线形曲面，风叶与折射导向板相向结合，风叶的受风力面的切面始终与风力线成为直角，令风力射线经过折射导向板，在任何角度都能折射到最大力矩端的风叶面，风力线流动轨迹呈直线形，不产生涡流，风力线的合力矩集中指向最大的与风叶面相垂直切平面的焦点处，使风力折射到最大的旋转力矩点，产生最大的推动力矩，使风叶沿水平方向旋转，因此风叶系统动平衡特性好，转速高，稳定性好，受风面积大，风力利用率较之螺旋桨式风力动力机提高8倍以上，可高达75%，且启动风速可低至3米/秒，额定工作风速达10米/秒，工作风区可在3～43米/秒的风速区，同时，系统便于安装与调试，可作为大功率发电机的驱动动力机械。
此外，本发明的每层三个风叶各相错120度角，三个风叶互补，产生平衡的旋转力矩，无启动死角与换向死角，产生最佳的动平衡特性，旋转平稳。
如图4所示，风叶系统采用二层风叶结构方式，当风机为大容量时，风叶系统还可采用多层风叶结构方式。具体而言，当采用组合2层风叶结构时，上层风叶与下层风叶相错60度，采用3层风叶结构时，每层风叶相错40度，采用N层风叶结构时，每层风叶相错120度/N，这样的结构方式使得风叶旋转平稳，平衡性更好。图3所示2层风叶结构方式，上下两层的连接由图6中所示的风叶连接法兰盘22与固定螺丝与螺帽所固定。
4.集风与保护系统
如图7、8、9所示，为集风与保护系统结构示意图。集风与保护系统由集风板4，集风板支持驱动臂5，液压驱动系统6，集风板滑道16，集风板滑轮17构成。图中42为固定在立柱的固定集风板，也可以增加驱动系统在大风时折合成为保护系统装置。如图7所示，通过液压系统驱动控制调节各集风板的角度，可以控制风力动力机的受风量，调节发电机的转速。如图7、8所示，风小时集风板张开，可以达到最大的集风量，每个叶片得到240度的旋转推力角度。当风速过大或暴风时，通过闭合集风板如9所示，可起到保护风叶与发电机系统的作用。集风与保护系统可以采用电动机驱动，也可以采用液压驱动系统。
上述集风板与箱体式框架的上、下棚板共同构成风洞式的箱式集风体（风箱形式或称为风道形式），减少风力泄漏，起到极好的集风效果。
本发明在增加集风与保护系统后，风力利用率高，风力动力机平衡性好，转速高，风力动力机启动风速为2～3m/s,最大工作风速36m/s,当风速超过36m/s时，通过调节集风板来改变风力动力机的受风量，可以使发电机工作到最大风速42m/s；当风速超过42m/s时，集风板完全闭合，且留1/4的进风口，风力发电机仍可正常工作。本发明可完全在2.5m/s以上的风速全天候运行。
5.可分解式组合式联轴器
联轴器是风力发电机轴传输力矩的关键装置，机轴联轴器在风力发电机组装与拆卸维修中的难点。本系统为了维修装拆方便，联轴器采用左右两半式可分解式组合式联轴器，大型风力发电机机轴的可分解式组合式联轴器如图11所示，此联轴器传动力矩大，便于组装拆卸与维修，可以运行在具有较大不同心度情况下，具有较大自由度机轴的连接，加工方便，便于组装，产生较大的传动扭矩与旋转扭矩。
如图17与18所示，该可分解式组合式联轴器包括上链轮31、下链轮32，每个链轮又以中心线分为左右两半，链轮的上下部分分别设有固定套37；上链轮31与下链轮32由外部链条围绕连接与传动。链条包含链轴33、上链片34；联轴器上部由键35、上链轮31与上风叶机轴连接，并套在风叶机轴的端部，由键35固定，外部由固定套37固定；同样的，下链轮与风叶机轴连接，并套在风叶机轴端部，由键制动固定，外部由固定套37固定；上链轮31与下链轮32由连接链连接与固定，该连接链由链轴、上链片、下链片构成。所述上链轮31与下链轮32和连接链承受传输整个机轴旋转扭矩。
旋转主轴采用柔性连接的联轴器，使上下两个机轴连接后有较大的自由旋转空间与自由同心度，下层机轴不承受上层机轴重力，使机轴传输最大的旋转力矩和传输效率最高。
这种可分解式组合式联轴器重量轻，抗形变特性与扭力矩大，允许不同心度与自由度大，加工方便，装拆方便。经过在大型风力发电机的试用验证，得到优良的效果。经过大量模拟仿真计算与实际应用实验，便于组装，可以应用于10MW以下各类型的风力发电机系统，并可以适用各类动力机械传动系统。
6.机轴轴承座分解组合方式
机轴轴承在风力发电机组装与拆卸维修中最困难的难点。本系统为了维修装拆方便，本系统采用左右两半式可分解式组合式轴承座。
7.增速器系统
本发明中增速器系统采用立式偏心摆式双行星轮结构，增速比大，齿轮与齿圈咬合齿数多，咬合面积大，传动力矩大，传动效率高，可适用于10兆瓦以上的增速驱动系统。
8.立式发电机系统
本发明中发电机系统采用多绕组变极立式异步发电机，其包括转子、定子和散热冷却装置，转子产生的能量通过磁传输给定子，由定子转换为电压与电流传输到电网，省去了发电机转子电刷和滑环，省去了双馈发电机的转子逆变器。所述转子结构采用鼠笼式结构，其转子轴包括机轴与轴鼓两部分，机轴与轴鼓固定在一起，轴鼓采用中空方式，轴鼓两端设有通风孔，转子磁极固定在轴鼓上。所述定子为多绕组变极式定子结构，其接线方式为2绕组异步变极方式、3绕组异步变极方式及多绕组异步变极方式，通过改变绕组线圈的接线方式来改变定子的极对数（如，在发电机直径不变的情况下，极对数可工作在4对极、6对极、8对极、12对极、16对极、18对极、20对极、24对极、32对极、36对极、48对极、64对极、72对极、80对极、84对极、96对极、100对极和120对极，其中120对极为直驱发电机组），可适应各风速区的运行特性，解决了大功率多极发电机体积过大和运输困难得难题等问题。所述散热冷却装置采用轴鼓式转子冷却散热方式。本发明能适应风力自然环境特点与满足电网要求。
9.发电机并网控制系统
目前，传统的风力发电机，如传统的螺旋桨式风力发电机与其他类型的风力发电机的转数随风力与风速的变化而变化，因此发电机的输出电压，频率和输出功率都相差极大。
本发明为了适应风力发电系统的工作特点，采用了发电机励磁调频调相控制与并网智能控制系统，即此励磁并网控制系统可对风力发电机的输出电压频率相位进行控制，即，一方面控制集风板来调节风叶的受风量，以达到调节发电机的转速；另一方面控制发电机组的励磁系统，使风力发电机输出的电压电流波形不随风速变化，使发电机组输出电压频率恒定、相位可调受控，并可控制风力发电机在与电网同相位时并网，以减少发电机在并网瞬间对电网的冲击。本发明风力发电系统的工作风力范围最低风速3m/s，最高风速42m/s的全天气运行。
10.各层之间的组合连接与固定
多层组合式大功率风力发电系统，层间组合连接与固定是整体强度的关键部位。层间组合连接与固定，主要包含风动力风箱体四个立柱的连接固定和旋转主轴的柔性连接与旋转力矩的传递。
风箱体四个立柱主要包含由圆筒形钢立柱（如图10、图11所示），方筒形钢构成的立柱（图12、图13所示），或角钢构成的立柱（如图14、图15、图16所示）。
旋转主轴采用柔性连接的可分解式组合式联轴器由图17、18所示，使上下两个机轴连接后有较大的自由旋转空间与自由同心度，下层机轴不承受上层机轴重力，使机轴传输最大的旋转力矩和传输效率最高。
11.机轴承重梁抗形变结构方式
立式机轴垂直树立在下承重横梁上，承重横梁上因受重产生形变历来是工程中最大的难点。本系统上层的下承重横梁与下层的非负重上横梁结合，在该上横梁和下承重梁之间设置斜拉件，利用斜拉件组合构成斜拉式承重梁结构，使每一层形变达到最小，承重力最大，其结构由图19所示。图12中7为联轴器，41为上机轴，43上横梁，44下承重梁，45为斜拉件，18为轴承座。
12.多层框架结构与稳固系统
本立式风力发电系统多层框架结构采用框架稳固系统，其每层四角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定，使框架具有巨大的抗倾斜和抗狂风摧毁能力，及抗运行中极大的反倒力矩。固定墩在四个立柱基座的对角延长线上。距离可为框架高度的1/4～1/1。本系统抗翻倒力矩大，稳固性能好，可以抗暴风吹毁力。
框架稳固系统如图20所示，为四层组合叠加的例子。每层框架的四柱焊接有立柱固定件39，各层间利用立柱固定件39把各层框架组合固定为整体。该系统采用在框架上方四角连接件，利用钢索12固定到地面的固定墩11；固定墩19在四个立柱拄基座的对角延长线上，距离可为框架高度的1/4～1/1。在多层框架组合时各层顶端四角都焊接有连接固定件与各层间连接钢缆46与四角固定钢缆12连接，以起到整体固定作用，以防框架中部发颤。
框架上棚板48下棚板49与集风板4共同构成风箱式或称为风道形式，减少风力泄漏。同时上棚板减少风沙与雨雪侵袭，减小冰冻对风力发电机风叶的损坏。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的内容，是本发明的优选实施情况，除此之外，本发明还有其它具体实施方式。但是，凡采用等同替换或等效变形方式形成的技术方案均落在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统，其特征在于包括：多段组合式机轴，多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统，以及多层叠加组合式框架；其中：所述多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统各层的风动力系统均为箱体框架结构，其中包含风叶系统，集风与保护系统，双速增速器，以及多绕组变极发电机系统；所述箱体框架上部与下部分别设置上棚顶和下棚板，所述集风与保护系统设置在所述箱体框架的周围，所述上棚顶和下棚板与框架周围的所述集风与保护系统中的集风板共同形成风洞式箱式集风系统；所述多层风动力系统中各层单独构成独立风动力系统运行，或者各层之间利用各角立柱固定在一起，利用可分解式组合式联轴器把各层风叶机轴连接起来构成一个整体，使各层风叶产生同步的旋转力矩，所述多层风动力系统的最下层风叶机轴下轴端通过可分解式组合式联轴器与双速增速器和多绕组变极发电机系统连接在一起，驱动发电机系统发电；所述可分解式组合式联轴器包括上链轮、下链轮，每个链轮又以中心线分为左右两半，链轮的上下部分分别设有固定套，所述上链轮与下链轮由外部链条围绕固定与传动，所述链条包含链轴、上链片、下链片；联轴器上部由键、上链轮与风叶机轴上轴连接，并套在风叶机轴上轴端部，由键固定，外部由固定套固定；同样的，下链轮与风叶机轴下轴连接，并套在风叶机轴下轴端部，由键固定，外部由固定套固定；所述上链轮与下链轮由连接链连接与固定，该连接链由链轴、上链片、下链片构成；所述上链轮与下链轮和连接链承受传输整个机轴旋转扭矩；旋转主轴采用柔性连接的链轮式联轴器，使上下两个机轴连接后有较大的自由旋转空间与自由同心度，下层机轴不承受上层机轴重力，使机轴传输最大的旋转力矩和传输效率最高；所述双速增速器采用立式偏心摆式双行星轮结构，所述多绕组变极发电机系统采用立式多绕组变极异步发电机，所述双速增速器与多绕组变极发电机系统安装在地面上；所述多段组合式机轴，其中机轴轴承采用左右两半式可分解式组合式轴承座；所述多层叠加组合式框架，每层框架各角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定；所述多层叠加组合式框架中，上层的下承重横梁与下层的非负重上横梁结合，在该上横梁和下承重梁之间设置斜拉件，利用斜拉件组合构成斜拉式承重梁结构，使每一层承重横梁不产生形变或形变达到最小，承重力最大，由此上层框架与下层框架连接为一体。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述集风与保护系统包括可控集风板和装在立柱上的固定集风板，可控集风板通过液压或电机系统驱动控制调节各集风板的角度来控制风力动力机的受风量，调节发电机的转速，风小时集风板张开起到集风作用；如且当风速过大或暴风时，通过闭合集风板保护风力发电机系统的作用。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述集风与保护系统还包括能调节控制集风系统并自动调节风量，进而调节发电机转数的驱动装置，该驱动装置包括集风板的支撑驱动臂以及与之连接的电机驱动设备或液压驱动设备。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述多层叠加组合式框架，其中所述每层箱体框架结构为三角形框架系统、四角形框架系统、五角形框架系统、六角形框架系统、八角形框架系统或者圆形框架系统中的一种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述多层叠加组合式框架，其固定墩在立柱基座的对角延长线上，距离为框架高度的1/4～1/1。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述多段组合式机轴采用大型多段组合式机轴，包括上段机轴和下段机轴，所述上段机轴包括上轴端、上轴管、上轴连接盘、中风叶固定法兰盘和轴心定位销，所述下段机轴包括下轴连接盘、下轴管，下轴端、下风叶固定法兰盘和固定螺栓，所述下轴端与下轴管以及所述上轴端与上轴管均采用强配合焊接连接，下轴管和上轴管通过下轴连接盘、中风叶固定法兰盘、上轴连接盘和螺丝固定连接，风叶机轴整体采用轴定位销中心定位；所述多段组合式机轴还包括至少一中段机轴，所述中段机轴包括中段轴下连接盘、中段轴管和中段轴上连接盘，中段轴管分别通过中段轴下连接盘和中段轴上连接盘与下段机轴和上段机轴连接。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述风叶系统包括风叶框、风叶叶体、折射导风板、固定支架以及风叶与轴连接件，风叶框与风叶叶体内部钢网焊接在一起，表明玻璃钢构成风叶光滑的表面，折射导风板与风叶框成60度角固定，折射导风板下端部固定在风叶框上，折射导风板中部与固定支架端部固定连接；每三个彼此之间成120度角的风叶通过风叶与轴连接件连接固定在风叶机轴上的一风叶固定法兰盘上形成一风叶层，所述风叶机轴上沿轴向连接有N个风叶层，每个风叶层之间相错120/N度，其中N为大于或等于1的整数。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述多绕组变极发电机系统，包括转子、定子和散热冷却装置，转子产生的能量通过磁传输给定子，由定子转换为电压与电流传输到电网；所述转子结构采用鼠笼式结构，其转子轴包括机轴与轴鼓两部分，机轴与轴鼓固定在一起，轴鼓采用中空方式，轴鼓两端设有通风孔，转子磁极固定在轴鼓上；所述定子为多绕组变极式定子结构，其接线方式为2绕组异步变极方式、3绕组异步变极方式及多绕组异步变极方式，通过调整绕组的组合来改变发电机极对数。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合式立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述多层叠加组合式立式风动力系统包含控制系统，该控制系统对风力发电机的输出电压的频率与相位进行控制，即，一方面控制集风板来调节风叶的受风量，以调节发电机的转速；另一方面控制发电机组的励磁系统，使风力发电机输出的电压电流波形不随风速变化，使发电机组输出电压频率、相位恒定并可调受控，并控制风力发电机在同相位时并网，减少发电机在并网瞬间对电网的冲击。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的多层叠加组合立式风力发电系统，其特征在于：所述各层中的立柱为由圆筒形钢立柱，或角钢构成的立柱，或方筒形钢构成的立柱，该发电系统采用框架稳固系统，其每层四角外部由钢缆绳或钢管或圆型钢斜拉与地面重型固定墩连接固定，使框架具有巨大的抗倾斜和抗狂风摧毁能力，及抗运行中极大的反倒力矩，固定墩在四个立柱基座的对角延长线上，距离为框架高度的1/4～1/1。
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