WO2012071998A1 - Procédé et client pour télécharger un fichier multimédia dans un réseau de distribution de contenu - Google Patents

Procédé et client pour télécharger un fichier multimédia dans un réseau de distribution de contenu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012071998A1
WO2012071998A1 PCT/CN2011/082736 CN2011082736W WO2012071998A1 WO 2012071998 A1 WO2012071998 A1 WO 2012071998A1 CN 2011082736 W CN2011082736 W CN 2011082736W WO 2012071998 A1 WO2012071998 A1 WO 2012071998A1
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Prior art keywords
media file
code rate
client
virtual
media
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PCT/CN2011/082736
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
李玲
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2012071998A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012071998A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/80—Generation or processing of content or additional data by content creator independently of the distribution process; Content per se
    • H04N21/83—Generation or processing of protective or descriptive data associated with content; Content structuring
    • H04N21/845—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments
    • H04N21/8456—Structuring of content, e.g. decomposing content into time segments by decomposing the content in the time domain, e.g. in time segments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/433—Content storage operation, e.g. storage operation in response to a pause request, caching operations
    • H04N21/4334—Recording operations

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television) multimedia communication technology, and in particular, to a media file downloading method and a client in a CDN (Content Distribution Network).
  • IPTV Internet Protocol Television
  • CDN Content Distribution Network
  • IPTV also known as Internet Protocol TV
  • IPTV CDN mainly serves TV users who use set-top box access for live broadcast, on-demand and time-shift playback, and back-to-play playback, that is, their use is limited to TV sets and video-on-demand of set-top box + TV architecture.
  • IPTV CDN IPTV CDN
  • the media files stored in the IPTV CDN system are simply divided into the standard definition and the high definition according to the attributes of the users accessed by the set-top box.
  • the media format is fixed according to the user attributes.
  • IPTV CDN will also provide live, on-demand, and look-back services for mobile TV and Web TV.
  • Mobile TVs that are accessed through mobile networks need to access media files of different bitrates according to the difference in access bandwidth. Only in this way can normal video services be guaranteed. Since the total amount of the air spectrum bandwidth of the mobile network is constant, when the number of users accessing changes, the access bandwidth of the client user changes dynamically. Similarly, for Web TV, since the client uses the shared bandwidth method, there is also a case where the access bandwidth dynamically changes.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a media file downloading method and a client in a content distribution network, which can ensure that the client can receive the service normally when the bandwidth changes, and on the other hand, does not burden the file management. , easy to implement.
  • the present invention provides a method for downloading a media file in a content distribution network, wherein the media file is divided into a plurality of virtual segments according to a fixed duration, and the method includes:
  • the client downloads, from the server end, a primary index of the media content requested by the user, where the primary index records a secondary index address of the media file of the different code rate for the media content;
  • the client selects a code rate, and downloads a secondary index of the media file of the selected code rate from the server according to the content of the primary index, where the secondary index includes the first address of the media file and the virtual file and the virtual file.
  • Time information related to fragmentation
  • the client downloads a corresponding media file from the server according to the secondary index, and records the number of downloaded virtual fragments in the process of downloading the media file according to the time information.
  • the method may further include: in the process of downloading the media file, the client determines, when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, reselects a code rate that is compatible with the current bandwidth, and requests the server to download the new code rate.
  • the secondary index of the media file of the selected rate is requested to download the undownloaded virtual fragment to the server according to the newly downloaded secondary index and the number of currently downloaded virtual fragments.
  • the above method may also have the following features:
  • the step of selecting a code rate by the client includes: selecting a code rate that is adapted to the current bandwidth according to the current bandwidth, or selecting a lowest code rate in the primary index.
  • the time information related to the virtual slice in the media file includes a time offset of each virtual slice relative to the start playing time, or a fixed duration of dividing the virtual slice and the media content.
  • the method may also have the following features:
  • the client determines that when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the media file rate, the step of reselecting the code rate corresponding to the current bandwidth includes: determining whether the current bandwidth reaches the change to the code rate.
  • the threshold of M if it is reached, satisfies the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, and reselects the code rate M.
  • the present invention further provides a media file downloading client in a content distribution network, wherein the media file is divided into a plurality of virtual segments according to a fixed duration, and the client includes: a first module , a second module and a third module, wherein:
  • the first module is configured to: download a primary index of the media content requested by the user from the server, where the primary index records a secondary index address of the media file of the different rate media for the media content;
  • the second module includes a code rate selection module and a download module, wherein the code rate selection module is configured to: select a code rate, and the download module is configured to: download the media file of the selected code rate from the server according to the content of the primary index. a level index, where the secondary index includes a first address of the media file and time information related to the virtual slice in the media file;
  • the third module is configured to: download a corresponding media file from the server according to the secondary index, and record the number of downloaded virtual fragments in the process of downloading the media file according to the time information.
  • the client further includes a fourth module, configured to: when downloading the media file, determining that when the network bandwidth change satisfies the requirement of changing the media file rate, reselecting the code rate corresponding to the current bandwidth, to the server
  • the terminal requests to download the secondary index of the media file with the newly selected code rate, and requests the server to download the undownloaded virtual fragment according to the newly downloaded secondary index and the number of currently downloaded virtual fragments.
  • the code rate selection module is configured to: select a code rate that is adapted to the current bandwidth according to the current bandwidth, or select a lowest code rate in the primary index.
  • the time information related to the virtual slice in the media file includes a time offset of each virtual slice relative to the start playing time, or a fixed duration of dividing the virtual slice and a total duration of the media content, or dividing the virtual segment The fixed duration of the slice and the total number of virtual slices.
  • the above client can also have the following characteristics:
  • the fourth module is configured to determine, when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, to reselect the code rate that is compatible with the current bandwidth: the fourth module determines whether the current bandwidth reaches the change to the code.
  • the threshold value of the rate M if it is reached, is considered to satisfy the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, and the code rate is reselected.
  • the virtual fragmentation technology is used, and the two-level index is used for storage.
  • the advantages are: no segmentation device is arranged in the CDN network, the network structure is simplified, the system implementation cost is reduced, and the data management is optimized. Avoid the generation of large amounts of segmentation data, while avoiding the waste of hardware resources to support large amounts of data management.
  • the client adaptive bit rate can be supported.
  • FIG. 1 is a system architecture diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a secondary index according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of another secondary index in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 2c is a schematic diagram of another secondary index in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a primary index according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of dynamically adjusting a code rate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data flow of an application example on-demand service according to the present invention.
  • the system architecture of the embodiment of the present invention includes a client and a server, where:
  • the client is configured to request and play media content, and the client requests and receives a certain
  • the access network bandwidth value of the current network is periodically (real-time or timed), and the code rate of the requested media content is dynamically adjusted according to the code rate corresponding to the current bandwidth, that is, the request is compared with the current network access bandwidth value.
  • the media file of the adapted bit rate; the client can be a mobile TV client or a network TV client, or a set top box client.
  • the server is configured to store and deliver a media file, and the media file is stored in a file storage module of the server by using a two-level index, and the media file of different code rate is sent to the client according to the request of the client.
  • the same media content is stored separately by using different code rates, for example, a media content is separately stored as a media file with a code rate of 128 kbps, a media file with a code rate of 256 kbps, and a code rate of 512 kbps.
  • Media files, media files with a code rate of 1024 kbps and a code rate of 2048 kbps, etc. are convenient for responding to requests from clients for different code rate media files when the network bandwidth changes.
  • the server side saves the media file, the actual fragmentation is not performed, and there is only one file name for the entire media file.
  • the media file is divided into several virtual segments according to a fixed duration (or unit duration).
  • the virtual segment described herein is only a record index, which is convenient for searching, and is not The actual fragmentation of the file.
  • the media file can be divided into 24 virtual slices in units of 10 seconds.
  • the index of the media file is recorded (hereinafter referred to as the secondary index)
  • the first address of the media file is recorded, and the time offset of each virtual slice relative to the start playing time is as shown in FIG. 2a, where 256.idx is the The name of the index file, 256.
  • MPG indicates the first address of the media file corresponding to the 256.idx index file, "0s, 10s, 20s, 30s, " indicates the time offset of each virtual slice when the unit time is 10s; Or, recording the first address of the media file, dividing the unit duration of the virtual slice, and the total duration, as shown in FIG. 2b; or, recording the first address of the media file, dividing the unit duration of the virtual slice, and the total number of virtual fragments Number, as shown in Figure 2c.
  • the time information in the secondary index of the file may be: “0s, 10s, 20s 230s", or "10s, 240s" or "10s, 24".
  • the media files of different code rates are saved for the same media content, it is necessary to establish an adaptive code rate index (hereinafter referred to as a primary index) for the media content, and record the addresses of the secondary indexes of the media files of different code rates.
  • the records in the first-level index are the addresses of the secondary index files of different code rates.
  • the 256.10, 512.10, and 2048.10 in the figure respectively indicate the address of the secondary index file corresponding to the media file 256.11 ⁇ 8, and the corresponding address of the media file 512.mpg.
  • the advantage of using a secondary index is that it can prevent the client from downloading the secondary index that is not needed.
  • the speed of a client is only floating between 256 and 512 kbps.
  • it may only need to download the 256 kbps code rate.
  • VOD on-demand service
  • Step 1 On the server side, the VOD media file is shifted to the secondary index file by the recording time of 10 seconds per unit time;
  • the media file with a code rate of 256 kbps is 256.mpg
  • the secondary index is named 256.idx.
  • the first address and time offset information of the VOD media file are recorded in the 256.idx file.
  • Media files of different code rates respectively generate secondary index files.
  • Step 2 On the basis of step 1, generating a primary index file, where the primary index file includes an index file name and an address of all the rate media files, and if not named by the code rate, the primary index file includes Rate information, identification information, and address information for all rate media files.
  • Step 401 The client establishes a connection with the server.
  • the client includes one of the following clients: a mobile TV client, a network television client, and a set top box client.
  • the process of establishing a connection between the client and the server is outside the scope of the present invention and can be implemented using existing techniques.
  • Step 402 The client sends a request for obtaining media content to the server according to the service requested by the client.
  • Step 403 After receiving the request from the client, the server sends a first-level index of the requested media content to the client.
  • At least the following information is stored in the primary index of the media content: address information of the secondary index of the different rate media files for the media content.
  • media files of each bit rate can be named at a rate to facilitate the client to find the corresponding secondary index.
  • the media file with a code rate of 256 kbps is named 256.mpg.
  • Step 404 The client selects a code rate, searches a second-level index of the corresponding rate media file from the primary index, and requests a secondary index of the media file from the server.
  • the client can select the lowest bit rate in the primary index or the bit rate corresponding to the current bandwidth. For example, if the current bandwidth is 520 kbps, the 512 kbps code rate media file (the code rate matching the current bandwidth) can be selected, or 128kbps code rate media file (the lowest bit rate in the primary index).
  • Step 405 After receiving the client request, the server sends the secondary index requested by the client to the client.
  • Step 406 After obtaining the secondary index, the client requests the media file content from the server according to the first address of the media file recorded in the secondary index.
  • the media file first address and the time offset of the requested virtual shard are carried in the request.
  • the client can calculate the time offset of the virtual fragment to be requested according to the time information carried in the secondary index.
  • Step 407 The server sends the content of the media file requested by the server to the client.
  • Step 408 The client records the number of received virtual fragments in a fixed duration unit while receiving and playing the media file. For example, if the fixed duration is 10s, the counter is incremented by 1 for every 10 seconds of media content received.
  • the client can calculate how many virtual fragments are not received subsequently. On the one hand, the client can determine whether the media file is received or not. The end can request unreceived virtual fragments from the server side when the network bandwidth changes.
  • Step 501 The client changes according to the bandwidth. Re-determining the code rate, and requesting the secondary index of the corresponding code rate media file from the server according to the re-determined code rate;
  • the requirement to change the media file bit rate is to determine whether the current bandwidth has reached a threshold value that is changed to a certain code rate M. If it is reached, it is considered to meet the change code rate requirement, and the reselection code rate is M, otherwise it is considered to be unsatisfied.
  • Each level code rate has its own change threshold.
  • the threshold settings of the code rate of each level can be the same or different.
  • the threshold setting rule can be the code rate rate of *10%, where the percentage is adjustable. For example, if the originally requested code rate is 512 kbps, but the client detects that the current bandwidth has reached 1000 kbps and is greater than 921.6 (1024-102.4), the media file content with a code rate of 1024 kbps can be requested from the server.
  • the client can set up a separate thread to detect the current bandwidth in real time, or start the bandwidth detection thread when it starts receiving media files.
  • Step 502 The server sends the secondary index file of the request to the client.
  • Step 503 The client requests subsequent media content from the server according to the first address of the new secondary index file and the number of virtual fragments currently received.
  • the client synthesizes the content of the request signaling according to the first address of the code rate media file recorded by the new secondary index file, and the recorded virtual slice array currently received: first address, media content Start time (number of requested virtual shards x time interval). For example, if 15 virtual fragments have been received, the request sent to the server includes: the first address of the reselected rate media file, and 150s (time offset starting from 0s) for requesting The 16th virtual slice and subsequent media content.
  • Step 504 The server calculates the location of the subsequent media content according to the request of the client, and sends the media content of the new bitrate to the client.
  • the server calculates the location of the subsequent virtual fragment in the new code rate media file according to the number of virtual fragments currently received by the client. For example, the client should receive the new bitrate media content from the 16th virtual slice, that is, the media content of the new bitrate should be sent to the client from the 150th second, and the server calculates the new bitrate media file starting from 150 seconds.
  • the location (which can be calculated according to prior art methods), from the 16th virtual shard, to the client to send new rate media content.
  • the above steps 501-504 may be repeated multiple times during the media content transmission process until the media content is completely received. If the network bandwidth variation of the client is small, the above steps 501-504 may not be performed.
  • VOD on-demand service
  • Step 601 The client obtains a first-level index of the code rate media file required by the on-demand service through HTTP;
  • Step 602 The client parses the secondary index file address of the media file of the required code rate from the primary index file, and the client parses the secondary index file, and obtains the download address of the media file from the parsing result, and Download the video for playback;
  • Step 603 The client determines the access bandwidth, determines whether it is required to reduce the code rate of the video or increase the code rate of the video according to the current download speed. If the download speed is higher than the code rate of the currently downloaded media file, step 604 is performed, if the download speed is The code rate is lower than the currently downloaded media file, step 605;
  • Step 604 The client switches to a higher-rate media file for downloading and playing.
  • Step 605 The client switches to a lower-level media file for downloading and playing.
  • Example 3 The client that implements the above media file downloading method includes: a first module, a second module, and a third module, where:
  • the first module is configured to download a primary index of the media content requested by the user from the server, where the primary index records a secondary index address of the media file of the different code rate for the media content;
  • the second module includes a code rate selection module and a download module, wherein the code rate selection module is set to select a code rate, and the download module is configured to download a secondary index of the media file of the selected code rate from the server according to the content of the primary index.
  • the secondary index includes a first address of the media file and time information related to the virtual slice in the media file;
  • the third module is configured to download a corresponding media file from the server according to the secondary index, and record the number of downloaded virtual fragments in the process of downloading the media file according to the time information.
  • the client further includes a fourth module, configured to: when downloading the media file, determine, when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the media file rate, reselect the code rate that is compatible with the current bandwidth. And requesting the server to download the secondary index of the media file with the newly selected code rate, and requesting the server to download the undownloaded virtual segment according to the newly downloaded secondary index and the number of currently downloaded virtual fragments.
  • a fourth module configured to: when downloading the media file, determine, when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the media file rate, reselect the code rate that is compatible with the current bandwidth. And requesting the server to download the secondary index of the media file with the newly selected code rate, and requesting the server to download the undownloaded virtual segment according to the newly downloaded secondary index and the number of currently downloaded virtual fragments.
  • the code rate selection module is configured to select a code rate suitable for the current bandwidth according to the current bandwidth, or select a lowest code rate of the primary index.
  • the time information related to the virtual slice in the media file includes a time offset of each virtual slice relative to the start playing time, or a fixed duration of dividing the virtual slice and a total duration of the media content, or The fixed duration of the virtual shard and the total number of virtual shards.
  • the fourth module determines that when the network bandwidth change meets the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, reselecting the code rate that is adapted to the current bandwidth means: the fourth module determines whether the current bandwidth reaches the change to the code rate.
  • the threshold value of M if it is reached, is considered to satisfy the requirement of changing the code rate of the media file, and the code rate is reselected.
  • the media file is not required to be used by the segmenter when storing the media file.
  • segmentation storage in the traditional streaming media storage is discarded, thereby avoiding the massive file management problem occurring in the three-screen converged service, reducing the complexity of file management in the three-screen converged service, and avoiding waste of system resources.
  • the fixed duration can be 5 seconds or 15 seconds, or 20 seconds. 10 seconds in this embodiment is only one preferred embodiment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention uses a virtual fragmentation technology, and uses a two-level index for storage.
  • the advantages are: no need to arrange a segmenter in a CDN network, simplifying the network structure, and reducing system implementation cost; Optimization, avoiding the generation of large amounts of segmentation data, while avoiding the waste of hardware resources to support large amounts of data management.
  • the client adaptive bit rate can be supported.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé et un client pour télécharger un fichier multimédia dans un réseau de distribution de contenu, garantissant que le client peut normalement recevoir des services quand la bande passante est modifiée d'une part, et ne constituant aucune charge pour une gestion de fichier d'autre part ; et le procédé est facile à mettre en œuvre. Ledit fichier multimédia est divisé en une pluralité de segments virtuels conformément à une durée fixe. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : le client télécharge l'index primaire de contenus multimédia à la demande de l'utilisateur à partir d'un serveur, des adresses d'index secondaire pour des fichiers multimédia ayant des débits de code différents correspondant auxdits contenus multimédia étant enregistrées dans l'index primaire ; le client sélectionne un débit de code et télécharge l'index secondaire d'un fichier multimédia au débit de code sélectionné à partir du serveur conformément aux contenus de l'index primaire, l'index secondaire comprenant la première adresse du fichier multimédia et des informations temporelles relatives aux segments virtuels dans le fichier multimédia ; et le client télécharge un fichier multimédia correspondant à partir du serveur conformément audit index secondaire, et au cours du téléchargement du fichier multimédia, enregistre la quantité de segments virtuels téléchargés conformément auxdites informations temporelles.
PCT/CN2011/082736 2010-12-01 2011-11-23 Procédé et client pour télécharger un fichier multimédia dans un réseau de distribution de contenu WO2012071998A1 (fr)

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CN201010568970.3 2010-12-01
CN201010568970.3A CN102088620B (zh) 2010-12-01 2010-12-01 一种内容分发网络中媒体文件下载方法及客户端

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